2024年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空專(zhuān)題講解

深圳中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空專(zhuān)題

語(yǔ)法填空是深圳市2015年深圳中考英語(yǔ)中新設(shè)的一個(gè)題型，要求考生閱讀一篇大約200詞左右的短文，然后完成10個(gè)語(yǔ)法填空題。解題步驟1、通讀全文，理解大意1）首先迅速地瀏覽全文，了解文章主旨，特別注意文章首尾句。通常文章會(huì)在首句給出一個(gè)提綱或提供背景信息的句子，在尾句表明自己的觀點(diǎn)。2）其次，要注意一些關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)或句子，特別是設(shè)計(jì)人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、經(jīng)過(guò)、結(jié)果的詞句。3）另外，還要從文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)、上寫(xiě)文聯(lián)系中挖掘作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。

2、結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，試填空格

讀懂短文后，要結(jié)合短文所提供的特定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境，從句子結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性去分析思考空格所缺單詞的詞性，在根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義，以及句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)確定具體要填的單詞和所給詞的正確形式。

3、重讀全文，解決難題

在解題過(guò)程當(dāng)中要先易后難，在大部分空格填好后，再經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)推敲，難題也就不會(huì)再難了。所有空格填好后，把張片文章從頭到尾復(fù)讀一遍。

給英文提示主要考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)（58%）時(shí)態(tài)>語(yǔ)態(tài)>非謂語(yǔ)>變名詞/形容詞/副詞>情態(tài)動(dòng)詞名（13%）變復(fù)數(shù)>變形容詞>所有格>變名詞/副詞形/副（18%）形變副>比較級(jí)>最高級(jí)>變名詞>變反義詞>其它代（7%）人稱(chēng)物主反身代詞>不定代詞>指示代詞數(shù)（3%）基變序>變副詞>特殊變化>概數(shù)>序變基>表年齡不給提示主要考點(diǎn)介（22%）in>for>with>as>from>to>on>of>at>by>after>than>off>like…連（27%）從句連接詞/并列連詞/固定搭配定語(yǔ)從句：people/those__who____XXXXX其他從句看翻譯冠（14%）a/an/the

基數(shù)詞變成序數(shù)詞的口訣：基變序，有規(guī)律一、二、三，單獨(dú)記；八去t，九除e，ve要用f替，ty變成tie，th最后加上去，要是遇到兩位數(shù)，十位基數(shù)個(gè)位序基數(shù)詞onethreefour?veeightnineten序數(shù)詞firstthirdfourthfiftheighthtenth縮寫(xiě)形式2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th9th10th基數(shù)詞eleventhirteenfourteen?fteeneighteennineteen序數(shù)詞縮寫(xiě)形式12th13th14th15th16th17th18th19th基數(shù)詞thirtyforty?ftyeightyninety序數(shù)詞縮寫(xiě)形式20th30th40th50th60th70th80th90th無(wú)提示詞：34個(gè)純填空題（每空一詞）主要考點(diǎn)：1、冠詞（aanthe），基本開(kāi)始意思翻譯就可以做對(duì)，做題小竅門(mén)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前往往填a/anthe表示特指，這一個(gè)，那一個(gè)a/an+可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)，表示“一（個(gè)、本、只......）”a+輔音字母開(kāi)頭的單詞an+元音字母（aeiou）開(kāi)頭的單詞特殊情況：anhour一個(gè)小時(shí)anhonestyboy一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的男孩aEuropeancountry一個(gè)歐洲的國(guó)家ausualbook一本普通的書(shū)aonewayticket一張單程票auniversity一所大學(xué)[Mr.Lihasonefox]中的任何一個(gè)字母單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)都用an,其他用aanNBAteamanMP3Thereisa“p“intheword“drop”.2、介詞(常見(jiàn)的介詞，固定搭配，見(jiàn)九上U8語(yǔ)法）當(dāng)在做題過(guò)程中實(shí)在記不起來(lái)固定搭配，回歸到介詞本身的意思，也大部分可以做對(duì)。常見(jiàn)使用的介詞：inatonfromforofoffabout在/在··里面在/以關(guān)于/在··上面來(lái)自/自從為了/因?yàn)?對(duì)于··的遠(yuǎn)離/不在/缺席關(guān)于/大約bywithwithoutagainstthanbefore被/通過(guò)/用和/有/用/伴隨不和/沒(méi)有/缺乏反對(duì)比在··之前afteraroundwithinbelowunderover在···之后大約/在··周?chē)?圓的在···以內(nèi)在···下方在··正下方超過(guò)/結(jié)束/在··正上方beyondduringuponupdownalong超過(guò)在··期間在...上面向上/在...上面向下/在...下面沿著/沿途記住以下常用的和介詞有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)初中英語(yǔ)中常用的介詞短語(yǔ)搭配at短語(yǔ)beangryatsth.對(duì)某事生氣arriveat到達(dá)……(小地方)knockat/on敲……atlast最后，終于laughat嘲笑lookat看，注視atthemoment現(xiàn)在，此時(shí)pointat/to指向attimes不時(shí)on短語(yǔ)agreeon(通過(guò)協(xié)商)達(dá)成共識(shí)callon拜訪，看望eon快點(diǎn)兒；加油ondisplay在展出hangon稍等，別掛斷onholiday度假，休假playajokeon和……開(kāi)玩笑，戲弄……keepon繼續(xù)liveon以……為食，靠……生活puton穿上；戴上turnon打開(kāi)，旋開(kāi)（收音機(jī)、電燈、煤氣等）workon從事于，致力于to短語(yǔ)agreeto同意，答應(yīng)，接受（計(jì)劃、建議、條件、安排等）gotobed上床睡覺(jué)pare...to...把……與……作比較from...to...從……到……getto到達(dá)doharmto對(duì)……有害處leadto通往；導(dǎo)致payattentionto注意toone’ssurprise使某人吃驚的是take...to...把……帶到/給……writeto...寫(xiě)信給……in短語(yǔ)arrivein到達(dá)……（大地方）indanger在危險(xiǎn)中dropin順便拜訪handin交上，上交joinin參加inamoment馬上，立即takepartin參加takepridein以……為榮insurprise吃驚地，驚訝地of短語(yǔ)beafraidof害怕takecareof照顧；處理makefunof嘲笑…insteadof代替；而不是learnof聽(tīng)說(shuō)……speakof談到，提起thinkof考慮；想出；認(rèn)為about短語(yǔ)careabout擔(dān)心；關(guān)心thinkabout考慮for短語(yǔ)callfor需要，要求；提倡，號(hào)召carefor關(guān)懷，照顧exceptfor除了……之外fightfor為……而戰(zhàn)leavefor...前往……，去……lookfor尋找foramoment一會(huì)兒payforsth.為……付款sendfor派人去請(qǐng)away短語(yǔ)giveaway分發(fā)；贈(zèng)送putaway收好，放好takeaway拿走，帶走throwaway扔掉out短語(yǔ)breakout（火災(zāi)、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等)突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)outofbreath上氣不接下氣findout發(fā)現(xiàn)giveout分發(fā)goout出去makeout理解，明白pointout指出runout用完sellout賣(mài)完sendout發(fā)出setout動(dòng)身，出發(fā)；開(kāi)始，著手takeout取出，拿出turnout證明是，結(jié)果是workout算出；解決with短語(yǔ)agreewithsb.同意某人beangrywithsb.生某人的氣keepupwith趕上catchupwith趕上,追上eupwith提出，想出becoveredwith被……覆蓋dealwith處理；對(duì)待befilledwith用……充滿makefriendswithsb.與某人交朋友getalong/on(well)withsb.與某人相處（融洽）helpsb.withsth.幫助某人做某事over短語(yǔ)eover順便來(lái)訪fallover跌倒goover復(fù)習(xí)，溫習(xí)；檢查lookover檢查thinkover仔細(xì)考慮turnover把……翻過(guò)來(lái)；移交，轉(zhuǎn)交down短語(yǔ)breakdown損壞；中斷cutdown砍倒；削減，壓縮getdown下來(lái)godown下落，下降pulldown拆毀putdown放下；寫(xiě)下setdown放下；記下shutdown把……關(guān)上，關(guān)閉takedown寫(xiě)下；記下turndown關(guān)小，調(diào)低writedown寫(xiě)下，記from短語(yǔ)acrossfrom...在。。。的對(duì)面breakawayfrom...脫離。。。bedifferentfrom..與。。不同hearfrom..收到。。。的來(lái)信learnfrom...向。。。學(xué)習(xí)tell...from...區(qū)分。。。辨別。。。up短語(yǔ)bringup養(yǎng)育，教育callup打；想起cheerup使……振奮fillup填滿，裝滿fixup修理：安裝goup上升，上漲growup長(zhǎng)大（成人）hurryup趕快，趕緊lookup查閱，查找；向上看makeupone’smind決定，決心pickup(sb.)拾起；搭載/接載（某人）putup舉起，掛起：張貼：搭建saveup存錢(qián)，積蓄setup創(chuàng)立，建立showup出席，露面situp坐起來(lái)stayup不睡，熬夜shutup住嘴speakup大聲說(shuō)thinkup想出tidyup整理turnup開(kāi)大，調(diào)大（音量）off短語(yǔ)falloff從……跌落getoff下車(chē)giveoff發(fā)出（光、熱、氣味等）hurryoff匆匆離去putoff推遲seesb.off為某人送行setoff出發(fā)，啟程showoff顯示；夸耀takeoff脫下turnoff關(guān)掉(收音機(jī)、電燈、煤氣等)after短語(yǔ)lookafter照看，照顧nameafter以……的名字命名runafter追趕;追求重疊式短語(yǔ)againandagain再三地，反復(fù)地onebyone一個(gè)接一個(gè)地arminarm臂挽著臂sidebyside肩并肩；一個(gè)接一個(gè)bitbybit一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地，逐漸地stepbystep逐步dayafterday日復(fù)一日f(shuō)romdoortodoor挨家挨戶facetoface面對(duì)面hereandthere到處，處處fromhousetohouse挨家挨戶lessandless越來(lái)越少alldayandallnight整日整夜neckandneck并駕齊驅(qū)，不時(shí)間前面的介詞使用：At+時(shí)間點(diǎn)On+具體到天In+其他At8:00OnMondayOnMay1stIn1995InMayInSpringOnMay1st1996固定搭配：inthemorning/afternoon/eveningatnoon/nightmorning/afternoon/evening/noon/night等詞有修飾詞時(shí)統(tǒng)統(tǒng)要用介詞OnOnacoldmorningOnthenightof1995連詞：考試的樣式：連詞句子,句子。句子，連詞句子。做題小竅門(mén)：一定要根后文邏輯關(guān)系把所有關(guān)系連詞都套進(jìn)去，最通順的就是答案并列連詞：and、or、轉(zhuǎn)折連詞：but因果連詞：because、so條件關(guān)系連詞：if（注意：主將從現(xiàn)）、unless、or（否則）時(shí)間關(guān)系連詞：when、while（注意使用bedoing時(shí)態(tài)）、until、till讓步關(guān)系連詞：although、Though目的關(guān)系連詞：inorderthat、sothat（為了，以便）結(jié)果關(guān)系連詞：so+形容詞/副詞that+句子such+名詞that+句子（如此以至于）賓語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞：that沒(méi)有意思，可以省略if/whether是否，詢問(wèn)特殊疑問(wèn)詞根據(jù)前后文，缺少什么意思就填什么特殊疑問(wèn)詞Idon’tknowthatheesfromChina。Idon’tknowif/whetherheesfromChina。Idon’tknowwhereheesfrom。定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系：先行詞人，關(guān)系詞：that/who/whose先行詞物，關(guān)系詞：that/which/whose用that不用who、which的情況：1、當(dāng)先行詞是下列不定代詞或被它們修飾時(shí)much,little,none,all,few,every(thing),any(thing),no(thing)，nobody，anybody，somebody等時(shí)，通常用that2、當(dāng)先行詞有thevery,theonly,thesame等修飾時(shí)，通常用that3、當(dāng)先行詞有形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞(包括last,next等)等修飾時(shí)，通常用that4、當(dāng)先行詞是一個(gè)既指人又指物的并列詞組時(shí)，通常用thatThe?girl?that/who(主）?was?making?a?speech?right?now?is?our?monitorWe?all?like?that?speaker?that/who(主）?is?very?humorous。She?is?the?girl?that/who/whom(賓）?I?met?at?the?party。The?old?lady?whose（定）?two?daughters?are?both?teachers?is?our?neighbour.Thebuildingthat/which(賓）wearelookingatusedtobeahospital.Thecoatthat/which(主）isputonthedesk

isblue.并列的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)單詞、短語(yǔ)，或句子之間設(shè)空，一般填入并列連詞and，but，or等。

①

Each

winner

receives

a

gold

medal,a

diploma

a

sum

of

money.

②

He

was

very

tired

from

doing

this

for

a

whole

day,

he

felt

very

happy.

③

Which

do

you

prefer,folk

music

pop

music?

兩句之間，如果不是并列句，則很可能是從句，因此需要填入連詞。比如賓語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句或者是狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。這種空格需要同學(xué)們根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，分析到底是什么從句，從而選擇合適的連詞。

①

Finally

he

reached

a

lonely

island

was

pletely

cut

off

from

the

outside

world.

②

The?girl??is?making?a?speech?right?now?is?our?monitor

③

If

you

happen

to

get

lost

in

the

wild,you’d

better

stay

you

are.

④

we

have

enough

evidence,we

cannot

win

the

case.

⑤

Some

children

want

to

challenge

themselves

by

learning

a

language

different

from

their

parents

speak

at

home.

⑥

At

the

same

time,there

had

been

a

growing

number

of

overseas

students

came

back

to

China

after

study.

⑦

My

face

turned

red

on

hearing

my

mother

said.

4、代詞（代詞有可能給出提示詞，也可能不給出提示詞）（1）名詞前面一般用冠詞、代詞或介詞等。

①

A

young

man,while

traveling

through

a

desert,came

across

a

spring

of

clear

water.

water

was

sweet.

②

Besides,shopping

at

this

time

of

the

year

was

not

pleasant

Experience.

③

The

young

man

went

home

a

happy

heart.

④

Mo

Yan

won

the

Nobel

Prize

for

great

works.

(2)

缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，一般填代詞。

①

Here

are

two

bags.The

blue

is

mine.

②

Suddenly

the

wall

moved

was

made

of

trees.

③

New

technologies

have

made

possible

to

turn

out

new

products

（二）有提示詞：67個(gè)詞匯變化題（詞性變化），有提示詞：根據(jù)上下文分析句子成分，確定空格所需要的詞性，再根據(jù)前后文確定詞形。主要考查：動(dòng)詞（時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）第一步看看句子是否缺少謂語(yǔ)，如果缺少謂語(yǔ)：首先考慮時(shí)態(tài)，接著還要考慮語(yǔ)態(tài)（主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）判斷主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)主要看主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系。中考常考的時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)，一般將來(lái)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系（by：被）主動(dòng)被動(dòng)am/is/aredoneUnit2am/is/aredoneUnit2Unit2do/doesUnit2Unit2一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/aregoingtobedonewillbedoneam/is/aregoingtobedonewillbedoneUnit2Unit2am/is/aregoingtodowilldoUnit2Unit2一般將來(lái)時(shí)：was/weredoneUnit2didwas/weredoneUnit2didUnit2Unit2一般過(guò)去時(shí)：am/is/arebeingdone2am/is/arebeingdone2Unit2am/is/aredoingUnit2Unit2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：各種時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)形式各種時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)形式各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式has/havebeendonehas/havedonehas/havebeendonehas/havedoneUnit2Unit2現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：was/werewas/werebeingdonewas/weredoingUnit2Unit2過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：hadbeendoneUnit2hadbeendoneUnit2Unit2haddoneUnit2Unit2過(guò)去完成時(shí)：was/weregoingtodowoulddowas/weregoingtodowoulddoUnit2Unit2was/weregoingtobedonewouldbedodone2Unit2過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：主動(dòng)：HespeaksEnglisheveryday.被動(dòng)：Englishisspokenbyhimeveryday.主動(dòng)：Theylikebooksverymuch.被動(dòng)：Booksarelikedbythemverymuch.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：主動(dòng)：Sheisgoingtostudymathsthenextyear.被動(dòng)：Mathsisgoingtobestudiedbyherthenextyear.主動(dòng)：Iwillvisityoutomorrow.被動(dòng)：Youwillbevisitedbymetomorrow.一般過(guò)去時(shí)：主動(dòng)：Iplayedfootballyesterday.被動(dòng)：Footballwasplayedbymeyesterday.主動(dòng)：Peoplespokethislanguagetenyeasago.被動(dòng)：Thislanguagewasspokenbypeopletenyearsago.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：主動(dòng)：WearehavingEnglishclassnow.被動(dòng)：Englishclassisbeinghadbyusnow.主動(dòng)：Theyareplayingputergames.被動(dòng)：putergamesarebeingplayedbythem.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：主動(dòng)：Hehasfinishedthistask.被動(dòng)：Thistaskhasbeenfinishedbyhim.主動(dòng)：Theyhavetaughtchemistryfortenyears.被動(dòng)：Chemistryhasbeentaughtbythemfortenyears.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：主動(dòng)：WewerehavingEnglishclassat10yesterday.被動(dòng)：Englishclasswasbeinghadbyusat10yesterday.主動(dòng)：Theywereplayingputergamesatnoonyesterday.被動(dòng)：putergameswerebeingplayedbythematnoonyesterday.過(guò)去完成時(shí)：主動(dòng)：Hehadfinishedthistask.被動(dòng)：Thistaskhadbeenfinishedbyhim.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：主動(dòng)：Shewasgoingtostudymaths.被動(dòng)：Mathswasgoingtobestudiedbyher.第二步如果句中不缺少謂語(yǔ)，就要考慮非謂語(yǔ)（doing；todo；done）doing：1、介詞后面接動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞要加ing：介詞+doing2、某些動(dòng)詞后面再接動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞要加ing：某些動(dòng)詞+doing常考的某些動(dòng)詞（like、enjoy、finish、plete、consider、suggest、advise、imagine、practise、miss、prevent、include、mind、risk冒險(xiǎn)、keep、can'tstand不能忍受、feellike、can'thelp情不自禁、beworth值得、lookforwardto）Hepractises_______(speak)Englisheveryday.(speaking)3、doing：一般表示進(jìn)行，Chinaisadevelopingcountry4、表示伴隨或者修飾作用的時(shí)候。邏輯主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，使用doing_____(Wait)therealongtime,hefeltimpatient.(Waiting)5、動(dòng)詞做主語(yǔ)，一般用doing Helpingothersishappy.Todo:1、翻譯成中文的時(shí)候，可以翻譯為了做某事或者去做某事就可以用todo，表目的、表方向Hecamehere_______(help）you。（tohelp）2、特殊疑問(wèn)詞后面接動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞要用todoIdon’tknowwhere_____(go).(togo)Done：1、表示伴隨或者修飾作用的時(shí)候。邏輯主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，使用doneIhaveabook_____(write)byTom.(written)_____(break)byTom,thecupcan’tbeused.(Broken)_____(use)asameansoftrafficinChina,thebikeisveryuseful.（used）2、done一般表示完成。Japanisadevelopedcountry。兩大注意問(wèn)題：在英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞后面再接動(dòng)詞可以用todo；也可以接doing，但是中文意思不一樣。todo忘記要去做某事todo記得要去做某事Forgetrememberdoing忘記做過(guò)某事doing記得做過(guò)某事todo停下來(lái)去做另一件某事todo努力去做某事Stoptrydoing停止做某事doing嘗試做某事todo打算去做某事todo繼續(xù)去做另外一件事meancontinuedoing意味著做某事doing繼續(xù)做同一件事Regrettodo后悔要去做某事doing后悔做過(guò)某事B.和動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)相關(guān)的固定句型，這些句型我們?cè)趯?xiě)作中也可以用到五大句型：Itisadj.todosth.做某事是怎么樣的。ItiseasytospeakEnglish.Itisadj.forsbtodosth.對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事是怎么樣的。ItiseasyformetospeakEnglish.Itisadj.ofsbtodosth.某人是怎么樣的，因?yàn)樽隽四呈翴tissmartofhimtosayso。（smart/clever/wise/silly/foolish/stupid/rude/polite/impolite/patient/impatient/nice/kind/friendly）tooadjtodosth.太怎樣而不能做某事Youaretoofattowalk.adjenoughtodosth足夠怎么樣去做某事Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.使役動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)：makesbdosth.=letsbdosth.讓某人做某事被動(dòng)：sbbemadetodosth.=sbbelettodosth.某人被叫去做某事主動(dòng)：MissMaimakesmespeakEnglisheveryday.被動(dòng)：IammadetospeakEnglishbyMissMaieveryday.四大花費(fèi)句型人+spend錢(qián)/時(shí)間onsthHespends2hoursonEnglishveryday.（in）doingsthIspent2millionyuan(in)buyingahouse.Ittakessb錢(qián)/時(shí)間todosth.Ittakesstudentsmuchtimetofinishschooltasks.人+pay錢(qián)forsthMyunclepaid100dollarsforthemeal.物+costssb錢(qián)/精力Thissmartphonecostmetoomuchmoney.time句型ItistimeforsthItistimeforclass.ItistimetodosthItistimetohaveclass.ItistimeforsbtodosthItistimeforustohaveclass.busy句型bebusywithsth.Wearebusywithfinalexamthesedays.bebusy(in)doingsth.Myfriendsareallbusy（in）peting.havedifficulty(in)doingsth.=havetrouble(in)doingsth.做某事有困難Heisdisabled,sohehasdifficulty(in)walking.wouldliketodosth=feellikedoingsth.想做某事Iwouldliketodrinkacupoftea.=Ifeellikedrinkingacupoftea.prefer句型preferAtoBIprefermilktotea.PreferdoingAtodoingBIpreferplayingfootballtoplayingbasketball.PrefertodosthIprefertostayathome.祈使句動(dòng)詞原形+其他。ein，please。Don’t+動(dòng)詞原形+其他。Don’tlaughatothers.finditadjtodosth.IfinditusefultolearnEnglishwell.hadbetterdosth.=’dbetterdosth最好做某事Youhadbetternotbelatefortheclass.whataboutdoingsth?=Howaboutdoingsth?做什么事情怎么樣？（用來(lái)提建議）13、suggest（that)+句子[主語(yǔ)+（should)dosth]Myfathersuggests(that)we(should)keeprunningeveryweek.14、use句型useAtodosth.Fishermanusesanettocatchfish.Abeusedtodosth.Anetisusedtocatchfishbyfisherman.useAasBIusethisbookasanotebook.Whynotdosth?=Whydon’tyoudosth?為什么不做某事？Whynotstopsmoking?=Whydon’tyoustopsmoking?keepsbfromdoingsth=stopsbfromdoingsth=preventsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事Hardrainkeptusfromgoinghome.17、主動(dòng)：seesbdosth看見(jiàn)某人做過(guò)某事被動(dòng)：sbbeseentodosthSeesbdoingsth看見(jiàn)某人正在做某事主動(dòng)：Isawathiefstealyourmoney.我看見(jiàn)一個(gè)小偷偷了你的錢(qián)。被動(dòng)：Athiefwasseentostealyourmoneybyme。一個(gè)小偷被我看見(jiàn)偷了你的錢(qián)。Iseeyouplayingatthattime。那個(gè)時(shí)候我看到你正在玩耍。Watch、hear、notice、find、observe、具備一模一樣的句型結(jié)構(gòu)①

For

example,I

(order)a

digital

camera

online

the

other

day

and

saved

about

$50.

②

When

I

die,I

(give)

everything

to

you.

③

On

their

return,the

father

asked

his

son

(explain)

what

he

had

learnt.

④

They

are

animals

(live)

in

the

sea.

⑤

He

likes

reading

books

(write)

by

Lu

Xun.第三步：如果我們發(fā)現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞不做謂語(yǔ)，也不用改為非謂語(yǔ)，很可能改成對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞，做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞改為對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞一般有以下方法：+mentachieve—achievementadvertise—advertisementagree—agreementannounce—announcementappoint—appointmentargue—argumentarrange—arrangementdevelop—developmentdisappointdisappointmentexciteexcitementemployemploymentencourageencouragementimproveimprovementmanagemanagementpunishpunishmenttreattreatment+tionadd—additionapply—applicationappreciate—appreciationattractattractioncalculate—calculationcelebratecelebrationcollectcollectionmunicatemunicationpete—petitionpletepletionconfirmconfirmationcongratulatecongratulationconnectconnectionconsiderconsiderationcorrectcorrectioncreatecreationdescribe—descriptiondeterminedeterminationexplainexplanationexploreexplorationgraduategraduationimagineimaginationinforminformationintroduceintroductioninventinventioninviteinvitationoperateoperationorganizeorganizationpollutepollutionproduceproductionprotectprotectionremendremendationrelaterelationrepeatrepetitionsatisfysatisfactionsuggestsuggestiontranslatetranslation+sionconcludeconclusionconfuseconfusiondecidedecisiondiscussdiscussiondividedivisionpossesspossessionexpressexpressionimpressimpression+turedepart—departurefixfixture(固定物)furnishfurnituremixmixture+ceadvise—adviceappear—appearanceinsureinsuranceprefer—preferencechoose—choiceperformperformance+alapprove—approvalarrive—arrivalrefuserefusalsurvivesurvival+ingbelong—belongingsfeelfeeling(可數(shù))suffersufferinggreetgreetings(多用復(fù)數(shù))misunderstandmisunderstandingwarnwarningopenopeningmean—meaningsurroundsurroundingssaysaying(格言)suffersufferingspell—spelling+yapologize/se—apologydeliverdeliverydiscoverdiscoveryinjureinjuryrecoverrecoveryuniteunity+ar/or/er（人）beg—beggarpete—petitorconductconductoredit—editoreducateeducatorwinwinnercontain—container(容器)laugh—laughteroperate—operatorremindreminder(提醒物)robrobber(盜賊)translatetranslatorvisitvisitorteach—teacherwrite—writerinvent—inventor其他bathe—bathbehave—behaviorbelieve—beliefbleed—bloodpareparisondie—deathaffecteffectfailfailureknowknowledgeloselossmarrymarriagepleasepleasureproveproofrespond—responsesingsongsit(坐)seat(座位)succeedsuccessweighweight2、形容詞和副詞（包括形容詞和之間的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換和詞性轉(zhuǎn)換以及比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化）首先，我們要確認(rèn)到底是填形容詞還是副詞。形容詞一般用來(lái)修飾名詞、代詞，或作表語(yǔ)；副詞一般用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。其次，我們還要考慮是否需要比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)。比較級(jí)有明顯標(biāo)志詞than+er/前more根據(jù)前后文，看看是否有暗中比較或者前面有much、far、alot、alittle、abit、evenMyfatherismorepatientthanmymotherwhentheyareintrouble.AtfirstmyspokenEnglishisverybad,butaftermyhardworkitbeesbetter.Helaughsatothers,butIthinkheismuchfatter.最高級(jí)前面有the（如果沒(méi)有，形容詞的最高級(jí)記得加the，副詞最高級(jí)可以加或者不加）+er/前most后面有范圍（in+地點(diǎn)；of/among+sb/sth），有時(shí)候范圍可能放在句首o(hù)neofthe+形容詞最高級(jí)+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)ShanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesinChina原形——比較級(jí)—最高級(jí)①一般情況下詞尾加er/est。short—shorter—shortest②以e結(jié)尾加r/st。wise—wiser—wisest③輔音加y結(jié)尾，去掉y，再加ier/iest。dry—drier—driest④“一個(gè)輔音+一個(gè)元音+一個(gè)輔音”的重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾一般雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)輔音字母，再加er/est。hot—hotter—hottest特殊變化good/wellbetterbestill/badworseworstlittlelessleastmany/mostmoremostfarfartherfarthest一般用于指距離上的遠(yuǎn)farfurtherfurthest除了用于指距離上的遠(yuǎn),還可以指抽象的、程度上的進(jìn)一步如何要修飾動(dòng)詞，或者修飾一句話，把形容詞改副詞：如何把形容詞變成副詞一般+“l(fā)y”quick—quicklyslow—slowly輔音+y結(jié)尾，改y為i，+lyhappy—happilylucky—luckily以le結(jié)尾，去e加ypossible—possiblygentle—gently形容詞和副詞同形：fasthardearlyweeklydirectly①

Before

the

trip

I

saw

we

were

rich,but

today

I

learnt

who

is

(true)

rich.

②

He

must

be

(mental)

disabled.

③

His

teacher

took

a

deep

drink,smiled

(warm).

④

(Fortune),nobody

was

injured

and

no

buildings

were

destroyed.

⑤Some

people

say

that

the

oldest

child,who

are

smart

and

strongwilled,are

very

likely

(succeed).

⑥

The

winning

car

reached

a

speed

of

forty

miles

an

hourmuch

(fast)

than

any

of

its

rivals.3、代詞：如果給出代詞，就應(yīng)該在代詞的五種形式之間變換。（人稱(chēng)代詞的主格和賓格，形容詞性物主代詞，名詞性物主代詞，反身代詞之間的變化）人稱(chēng)代詞主格：Iweyouyouhesheitthey(做主語(yǔ)）人稱(chēng)代詞賓格：meusyouyouhimheritthem（做賓語(yǔ)）形容詞性物主代詞：myouryouryourhisheritstheir（后面加名詞）名詞性物主代詞：mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs（相當(dāng)于是一個(gè)名詞）反身代詞：myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimselfherselfitselfthemselves（和主語(yǔ)保持一致）跟反身代詞相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)：enjoyoneself（玩的愉快）teachoneself（自學(xué)）behaveoneself（行為端正）Helponeself（自便）helponeselfto+食物（隨便吃）4、名詞（首先考慮名詞單復(fù)數(shù)，可數(shù)不可數(shù)，接著考慮把名詞改為形容詞，考慮“所有格”）首先考慮名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，可數(shù)不可數(shù)：如何把可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)規(guī)則變化+“s”cake—cakespen—pens輔音+y結(jié)尾，改y為i，+“es”city—citiesstory—stories以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾，+“es”box—boxesglass—glasseswatch—watches以o結(jié)尾，有生命，+“es”tomato—tomatoeshero—heroes無(wú)生命，+“s”,zoo—zoos;photo—photos以f\fe結(jié)尾，把f\fe改為vesleaf—leavesknife—knivesroof—roofssafe—safes（特例）不規(guī)則變化foot—feettooth—teethgoose—geeseman—menwoman—womendeer—deersheep—sheepfish—fishChinese—ChineseJapanese—Japanesechild—childrenmouse—miceawomanteachertwowomenteachersamandoctortwomendoctorsanappletreetwoappletreesAbookshopthreebookshops不可數(shù)名詞常見(jiàn)不可數(shù)名詞液體：watermilkcolacoffeeteajuiceorangeoil可隨意切割：meatbeefchickenglassbreadpaper難分：sandricehairrubbish氣體：gasair抽象:advice,news,information,homework,housework,money,time接著考慮要不要把名詞改為形容詞，用來(lái)修飾名詞或者系動(dòng)詞如何把名詞變成形容詞+“al”person—personal個(gè)人的nation—national國(guó)家的nature—natural自然的centre—central中心的tradition—traditional傳統(tǒng)的+“y”（尤其和天氣有關(guān)的）rain—rainywind—windysnow—snowyfog—foggysun—sunnyluck—luckyhealth—healthyfun—funnysleep—sleepy困的+“ous”humor—humorousdanger—dangerous+“l(fā)y”friend—friendlylive—livelylove—lovelyweek—weeklyday—daily（五大變態(tài)，這五個(gè)單詞以ly結(jié)尾，不是副詞而是形容詞）+“en”（和材料有關(guān)）wood—wooden木制的gold—goldenwool—woolen羊毛的ce改為tsilence—silentdifference—differentimportance—importantconfidence—confidentintelligenceintelligent去e加ytaste—tastyjuice—juicyice—icynoise—noisy+“ful”use—usefulthank—thankfulhope—hopefulcare—carefulhelp—helpfulcolor—colorful+“l(fā)ess”（否定）care—carelesshope—hopelesshelp—helplessuse—uselessfool—foolishselfselfish①

You

must

be

very

careful

with

these

(knife).

②

My

favorite

（hobby）are

painting

and

drawing.語(yǔ)法填空專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)（1）It’sveryimportantthatweallrecycle(再利用)things.Innature,everything1.__________(use)again.Forexample,whenananimaldies,itbeesotheranimals’food.Nothingiswasted.But2.__________(human)havecreatedthingslikeplasticbags3.__________can’tbebrokendownbynature.Ourrubbishkillsanimalsand4.___________(pollute)waterandsoil.5.__________wecontinuemakingtoomuchrubbish,theproblemwillonlyget6.__________bad).Ifnaturecan’treusetherubbish,wemustrecycleit.Weshouldcleanuptherubbishwe’vemadebecausenaturecan’t.Recyclingisalsotherightthingtodoforanotherreason.Theearthisrichinnaturalmaterials7.__________waterandtrees,butthesematerialsarenotendless.Weuseupournaturalmaterialsmuch8.___________(fast)thantheearthisabletoreproducethem.Forexample,eachyearwecut9.__________morethan6000squaremilesofforest.Butittakesanaverageof25yearsforanewtree10.__________(grow).Recyclingcanhelpussavetheearth,solet’stakeactionrightnow.（2）Airisveryimportanttoeverythingthatlives.But1.__________airwebreatheisgettingdirty.Peopleallovertheworldarelooking2.__________waystomakeitcleanagain.Haveyoueverwatchedthesmokefromchimneys(煙囪)3.__________(rise)highintheair?Haveyou4.__________(see)thesmokefromcarsandtrucksonroadsorthesmokefromplanes?Thesmokeis5.__________(harm)toeveryone,especiallyoldpeopleandchildren.Ifwewant6.__________(keep)wellandstrong,weneedtobreathefreshair.7.__________moreandmorefactorieseverywhereandmoreandmorecars,trucksandplanes,itisgettingharderandhardertodowiththeair8.__________(pollute).9.__________(science)havealreadyfoundwaystostoporslowdownsomeofthethingsthatmaketheairdirty.Theywillnotstopworking10.__________wehavecleanairagain.(3)Pleaseeattherightfood.Itcanhelpyoulivealongerand1.__________(health)life.Youshouldeatdifferent2.__________(kind)offood,especiallylowfatfoods,such3.__________vegetables,fruit,fish4.__________milk.Itisnever5.__________latetostarteatingproperly.Weighingtoomuchortoolittlecanlead6.__________healthproblems.Aftertheageof45,manypeoplebeeoverweight.Youcancontrolyour7.__________(weigh)by8.__________(eat)healthyfoodandbeing9.__________(act).Youshouldspendtimeonphysicalexercise.Iftheweatherisbad,tryanexerciseshow10.__________TV,watchanexercisetapeathomeorwalkaroundshoppingcenter.(4)IamJackieLee,anAmericanChinese.Letmetellyouaboutmy1.__________(grandfather)lifestory.Mygrandfatherwasbornin1932andgrewupinapoorvillageinFujian,China.Attheageof14,hefirst2.__________(hear)ofAmerica.Itwassaidtobethelandofgoldandpoorpeoplecould3.__________(easy)beerichthere.So,mygrandfathercametoAmerica."IhadthoughtitwaseasytomakemoneyinAmerica,"hetoldme."ButwhenIarrived4.__________LosAngeles,Irealizeditwasnottrue.Icouldn'tfindagoodjobbecauseIspokelittleEnglish.IwantedtogotoalanguageschooltolearnEnglish,5.__________Icouldn'taffordit.Later,Iworkedinasmallrestaurant,servingthe6.__________(guest),cleaningupthetables,washingthedishesand7.__________(sweep)thefloors.Iwassuch8.__________helpfulandhonestworkerthatmybosswaspleasedwithme.Iwaspopularwithmyworkmatestoo.LifebecameeasierthanbeforeandintheendIenteredaneveningschooltolearnEnglish.Mygrandfatherkeptworkinghard,andfinallymade9.__________(he)dreametrue.Thingsdonoteeasilyinlife.ThatiswhatIhavelearned10.__________mygrandfather.(5)Forthosewhojustlovetosh