新目標(biāo)中考英語總復(fù)習(xí)

《人教新目標(biāo)7-9年級動詞搭配專項練習(xí)大全》練習(xí)1.addto增加，增進(jìn)add…to把…加進(jìn)…addup相加addupto總計，所有這一切說明1)Idon'tthinkthesefactswill________anything.2)Fiftynewbookshavebeen________thelibrary.3)Themusic_________ourenjoymentofthefilm.4)Youmusthavemadeamistakewhenyou_______thebill________.答案：(addupto,addedto,addto,added…up)練習(xí)2.breakawayfrom打破，脫離，掙脫，改掉breakdown出毛病，身體(精神)衰弱，分解，拆開breakoff暫停，中斷breakin強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入，插話breakinto闖入breakintopieces成為碎片breakout爆發(fā)breakup搗碎，驅(qū)散，瓦解，學(xué)期結(jié)束，拆散breakthrough突破1)Thecriminalmanagedtobreak_____________thepoliceandranintothewoods.2)Whenheheardthenews,hebroke_______andcried.3)Don'tbreak________whileothersarespeaking.4)Whydon'tyoubreak________forafewminutesandhavesomecoffee?5)Whendoesschoolbreak________?6)Afterharvestwebreak_________thesoilwithatoolpulledbytwooxen.(awayfrom,down,in,off,up,up)練習(xí)3.bringup撫養(yǎng)，嘔吐，提出bringabout造成bringout拿出，出版bringin引入，引進(jìn)，掙錢bringback使回想起bringdown使下降，使倒下1)Theshopkeeperbroughthisprice_________toonlyfivedollars.2)Theschoolhasbrought_________newforeignteacherstoteachoralEnglish.3)Thesongbrought___________happymemoriesofourschooldays.4)Doyouknowwhatbrought___________thismisunderstanding?5)Thekindoldmanagreedtobring__________theyoungorphan.6)Wedecidedtobringthematter___atthenextmeeting.7)Thewindbrought_______alotoftreeslastnight.8)Nextmonththeywillbring________aneweditionofthebook.(down,in,back,about,up,up,down,out)練習(xí)4.callon號召，拜訪〔某人〕callat拜訪、參觀〔某地〕callfor去叫某人,要求,需要callup使回憶起,征召入伍callin召集，請某人來callout大喊，高叫calloff取消，不舉行1)Doctorsareoftencalled_____inthemiddleofthewar.2)Pleasewaitformeathome.I'llcall_______youatyourhouseatseventonight.3)Thetrainscalls_______severalbigcitiesbetweenBeijingandGuangzhou.4)Hecalledhername__________,butshedidn'tanswer.5)Thesportsmeetwascalled____onaccountoftherain.(in,for,at,out,off)練習(xí)5.comeabout發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)comedown下跌，落，降，傳下來comein進(jìn)來comeinto(sight/being/existence/use/notice/effect)comeon來臨/快點(diǎn)comeout出版，結(jié)果是comealong一道來，趕快cometo到達(dá)(anend/anagreement/astop)蘇醒，合計，總共是comeover走過來comeup發(fā)芽，走近c(diǎn)omeacross偶然碰到comeback回想起comefrom來自，源自1)Icome_________thebookIlentyoulastmonth.2)Howdiditcome_________thatyoubothgotlost?Ithoughtyouhadamap.3)Itsuddenlycame_________tomewhereIhadseentheboybefore.4)Come__________now,orelseweshallbelate.5)Hecame__________melikeatiger.6)Thepriceofpetrolhascome_________sincethebeginningofthisyear.7)Thewordcame__________usemanyyearsago.8)Whentheexaminationresultcame_________,hehadalreadygotajob.9)Thebillcame__________overathousanddollars.10)Isowedtheseedsoveramonthago,buttheyhaven'tcome__________yet.(for,about,back,on,at,down,into,out,to,up)練習(xí)6.cutacross抄近路cutdown砍倒，削減cutoff切斷，割掉，斷絕關(guān)系cutup連根拔除，切碎through剪斷，鑿穿cutout刪〔省〕掉，戒掉cutin插嘴1)Don'tcut___thistree.Itwillbeveryshadyinsummer.2)Youmustcut________thenumberofcigarettesyousmoke,oritwillcauseillness.3)Wedecidedtocut_________themoor〔曠野〕tothevillage.4)Cuttingthetree____meanscuttingthetreeintopieces.5)Theelectricitywascut___________whentheladyrefusedtopaythebill.6)WewerehavingapleasantconversationwhenTomcut__________.〔down,down,across,up,off,in〕練習(xí)7.8.dieof(disease/hunger/grief/oldage)死于〔疾病，饑餓，寒冷，情感原因〕diefrom死于〔意外事故、情形〕dieaway漸漸消逝dieout絕種diedown(爐火)漸熄dieoff逐一死去fallbehind落后falloverone'sfeet跌跤falldown掉下，跌倒fallback撤退，后退1)Babiesoftenfall_____whentheyarelearningtowalk.2)Ourteamseemstohavefallen__________theothers.3)Assoonastheenemiesfell__________,thepeoplereturnedtotheirvillage.4)Shefell__________thebenchandhadherlegbroken.〔down,behind,back,over〕練習(xí)9.goinfor從事，喜愛，參加gothrough通過，經(jīng)受goover復(fù)習(xí)，檢查goup〔價格〕上漲，建造起來goafter追捕，追趕goagainst違反goahead先行，開始吧，問吧，說吧goaway離開goby時間過去godown下沉，降低，〔日、月〕西沉goon(with)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行g(shù)owith相配，陪同gowithout沒有，缺少goout外出，熄滅goallout全力以赴gooff爆炸，進(jìn)行，變壞，斷電，停止供給gobackon背約，食言gobeyond超出1)Manynewfactorieshavegone__inthepastfewyears.2)Rentshavegone__________greatlyrecently.3)Manyyearshavegone___________sincewefirstmet.4)Let'scontinueourjourneyuntilthesungoes_______.5)Hisactionswent___________thewillofthepeople,6)Ican'tdoit,foritgoes___________myduty.7)Over100studentswent____________thisentranceexamination.8)Thebombwent____________andkilledtenpeople.9)Thebuyerwent___________thecarcarefullybeforereachingadecision.10)Thistiedoesn'tgo___________myblueshirt.11)Ifyouthinkyoucansolvetheproblem,go______.12)Manystudentswent__________playingbasketball.(up,up,by,down,against,beyond,through,off,over,with,ahead,infor)練習(xí)10.getdown下來，記下，使沮喪getdownto致力于，專心于geton進(jìn)展，進(jìn)步，穿上，上車getoff脫下,下車getin收集，插〔話〕getaway逃跑，逃脫，去休假getover忘記，越過，克服，從疾病中恢復(fù)getalongwith進(jìn)展，相處getup起床getthrough打通，完成，通過getround消息傳開getclosetosth.接近，幾乎getinto(trouble)getto(know)getback取回，收回getout1)ShespokesofastthatIcouldn'tget____whathesaid.2)Wewillfindwaystoget_________difficulties.3)Thestoryhasgot__________,andeveryoneknowsaboutit.4)WhenIget_________withthereport,I'llgotothecinema.5)Afteradeliciousmealthetwomengot__________tobusiness.6)Don'talwaysget__________awordwhenothersarespeaking.7)Ittookmealongtimetoget___________suchanunpleasantexperience.(down,over,round,through,down,in,over)練習(xí)11.giveaway贈送，泄露，出賣giveout發(fā)出，疲勞，分發(fā)，公布giveoff發(fā)出〔光、熱、氣體〕givein(tosb.)屈服giveup放棄，讓〔座位〕1)Hisaccentatlastgavehim__________.2)Theliquidgave________astrongsmell.3)Theheadmastergave___________thenamesoftheprize-winners.4)Thesoldiersgave_________thetowntotheenemies.5)Whowillhelpmetogivethebooks___________?6)Don'tbelieveinthosewhogivehisfriends________.7)Afteralongwalk,mystrengthgave____________.(away,off,out,up,out,away,out)練習(xí)12.13.handin交上，提交handout分發(fā)handdown流傳，遺傳hangabout閑逛hangup掛holdback阻止，隱瞞holdup舉起，使停頓holdon別掛，等，堅持holdout持續(xù)，堅持，伸出holddown控制，鎮(zhèn)壓1)I'msureheisholdingsomething_________.2)Shemanagedtohold______heremotionuntilherguestshadleft.Thenshecried.3)Tellhimtohold________amoment.I'llcomesoon.4)Ourfoodsupplywon'thold_________formorethanafewdays.5)Thetrainwasheld________asaresultofthefloods.6)Thesemeasureshelpedtohold___________thecity'spopulation.7)Hold___________yourleftarm,please.(back,back,on,out,up,down,up)練習(xí)15.keepup(courage,English,spirits)保持，keepupwith跟上keepoff(grass)不接近，離開keepawayfrom避開，不接近，離…遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)的keepoutofkeepto(rules,promise)堅持，遵守keepon繼續(xù)，堅持下來keepback阻止，留下，隱瞞，扣下keepfrom克制，阻止1)Theangryladytoldthestrangerstokeep________fromher.2)Icanhardlykeep________mytearsafterhearinghiswords.3)Onlypridekepther__________burstingintotears.4)Icanscarcelykeep__________askinghimwhathehasdone.5)"Don'ttouchme,"screamedthewoman,"Keep__________!"6)Keep_________untilyousucceed.7)Keep_________yourcourage,andyou'llsucceedintheend.8)Thethickcoatcankeepthecold___________.9)Alwaystrytokeep___________theruleswhenyouplayagame.10)Ican'tkeep________witheverythingyou'redoing.(away,back,from,from,off,on,up,out,to,up)練習(xí)16.knockat/on敲knockinto撞到某人身上knockdown撞倒knockoutof把…敲出knockover撞倒knockoff停止工作，休息1)Theboxersoonknockedhisopponent_________.2)Theofficestuffknocks_________atsixeveryday.3)Tryknocking__________thewindowandseeifthereisanyoneindoors.4)Hewassoabsorbedinhisbookthatheknocked__________thecarparkedthere.(down,off,on,into)練習(xí)17.leavefor離開前往leaveout刪去，遺漏leavebehind遺留,忘記拿走leaveto留給，遺囑贈于leaveover遺留，剩下，延期1)"Whosenamehasbeenleft__________?"demandedtheteacher.2)Whenhedied,heleftallhisproperty_____hisniece.3)Hesuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthisumbrella___________.4)Don'tleavethismatter_________untiltomorrow.5)Leavesomemeat___________fortomorrow.6)Thosearequestionsleft_________byhistory.(out,to,behind,over,over,over)練習(xí)18.lookup查找，向上看lookthrough翻閱，瀏覽lookon旁觀lookon…as看作lookinto調(diào)查lookafter/at/for照顧/看/尋找lookout(for)留神lookabout/around/round四下查看lookdownupon瞧不起lookbackupon回憶，回憶lookab.upanddown仔細(xì)打量某人lookabintheface/eyes直視某人1)Ispenttwohourslooking______thestudents'papers.2)Look_______!Thereisabigholeinfront.3)Hetookpartinthegame,andtherestofusjustlooked______andcheeredforhim.4)Theoldmanlooked_____uponthedaysofhisyouth.5)Shewassosnobbish〔勢利〕thatshelooked__________uponallhisneighbours.6)Thepolicepromisedtolook__________thecaseassoonaspossible.7)Helooked__________butsawnobody,andhelistenedbuthearnothing.(through,out,on,back,down,into,about/around/round)練習(xí)19.makeup編造，配制，打扮，組成makeupfor彌補(bǔ)makeinto/of/from制成makeout弄懂，發(fā)現(xiàn)，看出,填寫，開列〔清單〕makefor走向，駛往，促使1)Canyoumakethislengthofcloth__________asuit?2)Iaskedthedriverifhewasmaking___________London?3)Myfathermade__________acheckformetobuythecamera.4)Wemustmaketheloss_________nextweek./Hetriedhardtomake________forthedamagehehaddone.5)Hemade__________astory,whichIfoundhardtobelieve.6)Someoneiscoming,butIcan'tmake___________whoitis.(into,for,out,up/up,up,out)練習(xí)20.passaway去世passby經(jīng)過passdown(on)…to傳給passthrough經(jīng)歷passover漠視，無視1)Theoldclockhasbeenpassed________tomefrommygrandfather'sgrandfather.2)Themanpassed___________lastweekinpeace.3)Wearepassing____________difficulttimes.4)Thesecretarypassed___________thedetailsinthefirstpartofhisreport.(down,away,through,over)練習(xí)21.payback還錢，報復(fù)payfor付錢，為…受到懲罰，因…得到報應(yīng)payoff還清1)Howmuchdidyoupay__________thedictionary?2)Youshouldpay_________themoneyyouborrowedfromme.3)I'llpayhim____________forallhiscrimes(罪行)againstme.4)Someday,you'llpay__________whatyouhavedonetoday.5)Hasshepay____________thedebtyet?〔for,back,back,for,off〕練習(xí)22.pickup拾起，獲得(information)，接人，站起，收聽，自然習(xí)得(language/knowledge)，恢復(fù)重獲(pickuphealth)pickout挑選，識別，看出1)Ipickedtheinformation__________whilewaitinginthequeue.2)Myfriendhasarrangedtopickme_________at6:00.3)Thepatienthaspicked_________healthduringthelasttwoweeks.4)Shepicked_______themostexpensivepairofshoes.5)Ican'tpickJohn___________inthecrowd.6)CanIpick__________VOAwiththisshort-waveradio?7)Hefelldownsuddenly,butpickedhimself___________quickly.(up,up,up,out,out,up,up)pickcotton/flower/leaves/words選詞練習(xí)23.putup搭起，張貼，舉起，安裝，投宿，安排住下putupwith忍受putout伸出，撲滅putoff推遲putinto放進(jìn)，翻譯putaway放好，存錢putdown記下，平息puton穿戴，上映，增加(putonweight/speed)putforward提出，提前putthrough接通putaside放到一邊putback放回1)Heput_________halfhiswageeveryweek.2)Thegovernmentsoonput__________therevolt〔暴亂〕.3)Putyourwatch__________.It'sslow.4)Heput__________hishandformetoshake.5).Pleaseputme__________toExtension〔分機(jī)〕2.6)Weput___________fornightatthevillageinn.7)Heisveryproud,andheoftenput_________airs.〔擺架子〕8)Wehadatelephoneput_____________inouroffice.9)Ican'tput__________withyourlaziness.(away,down,forward,out,through,up,on,up,up)練習(xí)24.pulldown拆掉，推翻pullon匆匆穿上/off脫pullin進(jìn)站pullout取出,(火車)離站pulldown往下拉,拆毀pullover駛到一邊pullthrough恢復(fù)健康,渡過難關(guān),脫離險境pullup〔使〕停住1)Thetrainslowlypulled__________anddisappearedinthedistance.2)Alltheoldhousesherehavenowbeenpulled______,andnewonesaretobebuilt.3)Thecarpulled_________whenIblewthehorn.4)Thedoctorthinksthemanwillpull__________.5)Thedriverpulled________atthetrafficlights.(out,down,over,through,up)練習(xí)25.pushover推倒，刮倒pushahead(on,forward)繼續(xù)前進(jìn)，堅持下去pushthrough排除困難辦好謀事，努力設(shè)法通過，擠過1)We'vedecidedtopush__________withourplantobuildanewroad2)Manytreeswerepushed__________inthehurricane.3)Theyweredeterminedtopushthenewrules________atanycost..4)Takecarenottopushthebaby_________.5)Theypushed___________thecrowdandatlastreachedus.(on,over,through,over,through)練習(xí)26.runacross偶然碰到runafter追逐，追捕runaway逃跑runfor競選runinto偶然碰到〔困難〕遇見〔人〕，相撞runoutof用完1)Ifyoudrivesofast,you'llrun_________someonesomeday.2)Iran__________afriendofmineintheexhibition.3)Ourwaterhasrun__________.Canyoufillupsomemorebottles?4)Whydoyoualwaysrun__________adventure?5)Hedidn'twanttorun___________presidentthatyear.6)Inthatwayyouwillonlyrun__________difficulties.(into,across/into,out,after,for,into)練習(xí)27.seeoff送行seethrough看透，識破seeto照料，照管28.sendfor派人去請sendoff送行sendout發(fā)出〔光亮〕等sendup發(fā)射29.setup建立setoff出發(fā)，觸發(fā)，引起setout動身，著手(todo)，陳述setabout開始著手(doing)settowork(n.)開始做setback撥回，使推遲1)Ishallsetmywatch___________byfiveminutes.2)Weset__________readingthetextaloudimmediatelythebellrang.3)Weset_________atdaybreakyesterdayandwe'vebeentravellingeversincethen.4)Iset__________toadvisehimnottodrink.5)Whatwerethereasonsheset___________inhisreport?6)Thepresidentset__________aspecialgroupofsoldierstoguardhim.7)Theunpopularlawset_________aseriesofprotests.〔抗議〕(back,about,off/out,out,out,up,off)練習(xí)30.Takeoff脫掉，起飛takeon呈現(xiàn)雇傭takeaway拿走takein吸收，領(lǐng)會takeup從事，占用〔時間空間〕takedown記錄，取下takeback收回takefor誤認(rèn)為takealong隨身帶takeover接管takeout1)Itake_________allIsaidabouthisdishonesty.2)Hewenttotheshelfandtook__________abookofpoems.3)AtfirstItookhim_________adoctor.4)Icanseethatmostofyouhavetaken________everythingthattheteachertaught.5)Billhasnowtaken__________hisfather'sbusiness.6)Myjobtakes__________mostofmytime.7)Thebosstook____________twentypeopleforhisnewcompany.(back,down,for,in,over,up,on)練習(xí)31.takechargeof負(fù)責(zé),takesth.forgranted想當(dāng)然,takeholdof抓住,takepridein以………為自豪,taketheplaceof,代替taketurnstodo輪流做,takeoffice就職thinkof想起thinkof…as把…看作thinkout想出thinkup想出thinkabout考慮thinkover仔細(xì)考慮thinkwellofsb.對某人看法好32.turnoff/on翻開turnover翻身，反復(fù)考慮，翻〔書頁〕，翻轉(zhuǎn)turnout證明為，結(jié)果，制造成品turnto轉(zhuǎn)向，求助turndown調(diào)低，拒絕turnagainst變得敵視，反對turnaway打發(fā)走，驅(qū)逐，轉(zhuǎn)過臉去turnback返回，轉(zhuǎn)回去turnround轉(zhuǎn)過身來turnup向上翻，露面，出現(xiàn)，音量調(diào)大turnin上繳turnupsidedown把倒置，弄得亂七八糟1)Thechildturned__________itsmotherforcomfort.2)Turn___________andletmeseeyourface.3)Howevermuchheturnedtheproblem________inmind,hecouldfindnosatisfactorysolution.4)TheEnglisheveningpartyturned_________agreatsuccess.5)Thesightoftheaccidentwastoomuchforhertobear,andsheturned_______.6)Thefootballstadiumwasfull,andmanypeoplehadtobeturned__________.7)Thearmyturnedhim___________onaccountof(因為)hispoorhealth.8)Sheturnedthewholehouse___________inhersearchforhermissingpurse.9)Wheredidyourpurseturn____________?Ifounditinthesnow.10)Thevillagerssuddenlyturned__________theforeignerswholivednearby.11)Thefactoryturns____________2000newcarslastyear.(to,round,over,out,away,away,down,upsidedown,up,against,out)初三系列復(fù)習(xí)資料〔12〕短語動詞和句型的考點(diǎn)集匯，講解和訓(xùn)練十二.短語動詞和句型【考點(diǎn)直擊】1.短語動詞的辨析；2.英語句子的根本句型結(jié)構(gòu)；3.初中階段主要句型的用法?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】短語動詞是中考的重要內(nèi)容之一。在初中階段，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了不少短語動詞，把他們加以歸納總結(jié)，進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)是十分必要的。英語中有許多短語動詞在意義上是一個整體，其用法有的相當(dāng)于及物動詞，有的相當(dāng)于不及物動詞，有的兼有及物動詞和不及物動詞的特征。1.短語動詞的分類(1)動詞＋介詞常見的有l(wèi)ookfor,lookafter,askfor,laughat,hearof等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后。如：Don’tlaughatothers.Tomaskedhisparentsforabike.(2)動詞＋副詞常見的有g(shù)iveup,pickup,thinkover,findout,handin,等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，既可放在副詞前邊，又可放在副詞后邊；賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，那么要放在副詞前邊。如：You’llhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.Pleasedon’tforgettohanditin.(3)動詞＋副詞＋介詞常見的有g(shù)oonwith,catchupwith等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如：GoonandI’llcatchupwithyouinfiveminutes.Afterashortrest,hewentonwithhisresearchwork.(4)動詞＋名詞＋介詞常見的有takecareof,makeuseof,payattentionto,makefunof等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如：Youshouldpayattentiontoyourhandwriting.Weshouldmakefulluseofourtime.(5)動詞＋形容詞常見的有l(wèi)eaveopen,setfree,cutopen等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，那么賓語可放在形容詞的前邊，也可放在后邊；賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，那么必須放在形容詞前邊。如：Theprisonersweresetfree.Hecutitopen.(6)動詞＋名詞常見的有takeplace,makefriends等。這類短語動詞用作不及物動詞。如：Thisstorytookplacethreeyearsago.Imakefriendswithalotofpeople.2.短語動詞的辨析(1)bemadein〔在……生產(chǎn)或制造〕，bemadeof(由……組成或構(gòu)成)(2)comedown(下來;落)，comealong(來；隨同)，cometooneself(蘇醒)，cometrue(實(shí)現(xiàn))，comeout(花開；發(fā)芽；出現(xiàn)；出來)，comeover〔過來；順便來訪〕，comein(進(jìn)來)，comeon(來吧；跟著來；趕快),comeupwith(找到；提出)(3)doone’sbest(盡最大努力),dowellin(在……干得好),doone’shomework(做作業(yè))，dosomereading(閱讀)(4)fallasleep(入睡)，fallbehind(落在…..后面)，falloff(從……掉下)，falldown(到下；跌倒)(5)getdown(下來；落下)，geton(上車)，getto(到達(dá))，getup(起床)，getback(回來；取回)，getoff(下來)，getonwellwith(與……相處融洽)，getmarried(結(jié)婚)，gettogether(相聚)(6)giveup(放棄)，give…ahand(給與……幫助)，giveaconcert(開音樂會)(7)goback(回去)，goon(繼續(xù))，gohome(回家)，gotobed(睡覺)，goover(過一遍；仔細(xì)檢查)，goout(外出；到外面)，gowrong(走錯路)，goondoing(繼續(xù)做某事)，goshopping(買東西)，goboating(去劃船),gofishing(去釣魚)，gohiking(去徒步旅行)，goskating(去滑冰)，gostraightalong(沿著……一直往前走)(8)havealook(看一看),haveaseat〔坐下〕,havesupper〔吃晚餐〕,havearest〔休息〕,havesports〔進(jìn)行體育活動〕,haveacold〔感冒〕,haveacough〔咳嗽〕,haveagoodtime〔過得愉快〕,haveaheadache〔頭痛〕，haveatry(嘗試；努力)(9)lookfor(尋找)，lookout(留神;注意)，lookover(仔細(xì)檢查)，lookup(向上看；抬頭看)，lookafter(照顧;照看)，lookat(看；觀看)，looklike(看起來像)，lookthesame(看起來像)，(10)makefriends(交朋友)，makephonecalls(打)，makemoney(賺錢)，makethebed(整理床鋪)，makeanoise(吵鬧)，makeafaces(做鬼臉)，makeone’swayto(往……走去)，makeroomfor(給……騰出地方)，makeadecision(做出決定)，makeamistake(犯錯誤)，makeupone’smind(下決心)(11)puton(上演；穿上；戴上)，putup(掛起；舉起)，putdown(把某物放下來)，putaway(把某物收起來),putoff(推遲)(12)takeoff(脫掉衣服)，takephotos(照相)，taketime(花費(fèi)時間)，takeout(取出)，takeaseat(坐下)，takeanactivepartin(積極參加)，takecareof(照顧；照料；注意)，takeexercise(做運(yùn)動)，takeone’splace(坐某人的位置；代替某人的職務(wù))，taketurn(輪流)(13)talkabout(談話；交談)，talkwith(和……交談)(14)turnon(翻開電燈，收音機(jī)，煤氣，自來水等)，turnoff(關(guān)上電燈，收音機(jī)，煤氣，自來水等)，turndown(關(guān)小；調(diào)低)，turn…over(把…..翻過來)(15)thinkof(認(rèn)為；想起)，thinkabout(考慮)結(jié)構(gòu)根據(jù)句子所用動詞的不同，句子可歸納為五個根本句型。(1)主語+連系動詞+表語。例如：Mymotherisadoctor.Hervoicesoundsnice.(2)主語+不及物動詞。例如：Herunsfast.Westudyhard.(3)主語+及物動詞+賓語。例如：Childrenoftensingthissong.HestudiesEnglish.1)常用-ing形式,而不用不定式作賓語的動詞有：enjoy,finish,feellike,consider,practise,keep,suggest,mind等。例如：Sheenjoysreadingnovelsandswimming.Ifinishedreadingthebooklastnight.2)常用不定式，而不用-ing形式作賓語的動詞有：wish,hope,agree,plan,decide,refuse等。例如：Wheredowishtosit?Tomagreedtolendsomemoney.3)有些及物動詞既可用不定式，由可用-ing形式作賓語，但意義不同。這類動詞常見的有：remember,forget等。例如：Pleaseremembertoposttheletterforme.請記住替我發(fā)了這封信。Irememberpostingtheletter.我記得那封信寄過了。Stop的用法同上面的詞相仿，不過stop后面跟不定式不是作賓語，而是作狀語。試比擬以下句子：Hestoppedtosmoke.他停下來吸煙。Hestoppedsmoking.他停止吸煙了。4)有些及物動詞的賓語，既可用不定式，又可用-ing形式，意義根本相同。這類動詞常見的有：like,love,hate,begin,start,continue等。例如：Iliketoswiminsummer.Ilikeswimminginsummer.(4)主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語。例如：Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.Hegavemeanapple.1)及物動詞之后跟有雙賓語，往往一個指人，一個指物。指人的為間接賓語，指物的為直接賓語。一般情況下，間接賓語在前，直接賓語在后。如果要把間接賓語放在直接賓語之后，間接賓語前需加介詞。例如：Pleasepassmeacupoftea.=Pleasepassacupofteatome.Showmeyournewbook,please.=Pleaseshowyournewbooktome.2)把間接賓語放在直接賓語之后，間接賓前有時加介詞to,有時加介詞for,這主要取決于謂語動詞。一般在動詞give,tell,sell,lend,show之后加to。在動詞buy,make,get等之后加for。例如：Wouldyoulendmeyourdictionary,please?=Wouldyoulendyourdictionarytome,please?Tom’smotherboughthimapairofnewshoes.=Tom’smotherboughtapairofnewshoesforhim.(5)主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如：Wekeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.Ihearsomeonesinginginthenextroom.1)及物動詞指后跟有復(fù)合賓語，一個是賓語，一個是賓語補(bǔ)足語。賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。例如：WecallhimJack.Don’tgetyourhandsdirty.2)在及物動詞之后，用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語和用-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示的意思往往不同。用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語指事情的全過程；用-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語指正在進(jìn)行的動作的一局部。例如：Iheardhimsingthatsong.(我聽他唱過那首歌。)WhenIcameback,Iheardhimsingingintheroom.(我回來時，聽見他正在房間里唱歌。)3)在感官動詞see,hear,feel,watch,listento,lookat使役動詞let,make,have等的復(fù)合賓語種，不定式須省去to。但變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，省去的to要加上。例如：Isawhimgointotheroom.Hewasseentogointotheroom.4.初中階段主要句型的用法。1.It'stimeto(for)....表“時間到了；該干…的時間了”之意。It'stimetogohome.It'stimeforschool.注意：to的后面接動詞短語，而for的后面接名詞。2.It'sbad(good)for...表示“對…有害〔有益〕的”含義。Pleasedon'tsmoke.It'sbadforyourhealth.Pleasetakemoreexercise.It'sgoodforyourhealth.3.belatefor(school)是“上學(xué)〔遲到〕”之意。for后面還可以接meeting或class。Hewaslateforschoolthismorning.Don'tbelateforclass,please.4.hadbetterdo/notdosth.表示“最好做/不做某事”之意。Youhadbetterputonthecoatwhenyougoout.It'scoldoutside.Wehadbetterstoptohavearest.注意：用hadbetter時，后面一定要直接跟動詞原形，決不能加todosth.否認(rèn)一定用在第二個動詞之前，是動詞不定式的否認(rèn)式。5.be(feel)afraidof...表示“恐怕”，“害怕…”之意。Heisafraidofsnakes.Maryfeelsafraidofgoingoutalone.6.enjoydoingsth.是“喜歡〔愛好〕做某事”之意，doing是動名詞作動詞enjoy的賓語。enjoy有欣賞之意。AreyouenjoylivinginBeijing?Doyouenjoylisteningtomusic?7.stopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停下來做某事It'stimeforclass.Stoptalking,please.Whenshesawme,shestoppedtotalkwithme.8.Let(make)sb.do讓〔使〕某人做某事。Let'sgotoschool.Fathermadehissoncleantheroomagain.注意：當(dāng)makesb.dosth.用于被動語態(tài)時，第二個動詞前面就一定要加to了。如：Hissonwasmadetocleantheroomagain.hewasmadetoworktwelvehoursadayinthepast.9.liketodo/likedoingsth.是“喜歡做某事”之意。liketodosth.是表示比擬具體的喜歡做某事；likedoingsth.是表示寵統(tǒng)的喜歡做某事。如：Iliketoswimintheswimmingpool.我喜歡在游泳池中游泳?！蚕矚g的具體的地方游泳〕Ilikeswimming.我喜歡游泳〔只講喜歡這項運(yùn)動〕10.ask(tell)sb.todo.(nottodo)sth.請〔讓〕某人〔不〕做某事Jimaskedhismothertohelphimwithhislessons.Whendidyoutellhimnottoshoutloudly?11.give(lend)sb.sth.=give(lend)sth.tosb.給〔借給〕某人某物Mikegavemeanewpairofstockings.Pleaselendusyourcar.12.bebusydoingsth.表示“忙于做某事”之意。Thestudentsarebusygettingreadyfortheexams.IsMrsBlackbusywashingclothes?13.too...to...表示“太…以致不能…”的含義。Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.Theoldmanwastootiredtowalkfarther.14.not……until……是“直……才……”之意。Mydaughterdidn'tgotobeduntil11o'clocklastnight.Wewon'thavetimetorestuntilthesummerholidaycomes.15.so……that是“如此……以致……”的意思。Peterissocleverthatalltheteacherslikehimverymuch.Thesongissowonderfulthateveryonelikestolistentoit.16.neither……nor……是“既不……也不……”之意。Mr.Smithisneitheraworkernorasoldier.Heisascientist.NeitheryounorIamfree.17.enoughtodosth.是“足以去做某事”之意。Sheisoldenoughtogotoschool.Peterwastallenoughtoreachtheapple.19.prefer……to……是“比起來，還是……好，”“喜歡……而不喜歡”之意。IpreferEnglishtomaths=IlikeEnglishbetterthanmathsHeprefersplayingfootballtoplayingbasketball.20.not……atall……是“根本不……”之意。Idon'tknowMr.Kingatall.Daviddoesn'tlikesingingatall.21．keepsb.doingsth.是“使某人繼續(xù)做某事”之意。Mr.Wangdidn'tcometoschoolontime.Shekeptmewaitingfortwohours.Don'tkeepyourmotherdoingeverythingforyouYoushoulddoitbyyourself.22.keepsth.+adj.是“保持某物處于某種狀況”之意。Pleasekeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.Thatwoolsweaterkeptherbodywarmenough.23.seesb.doingsth.表示“看見某人正在做某事”之意。Whenmybrotherpassedthepostoffice,hesawalittleboycryingatthedoor.Didyouseeacarcominghere?24.seesb.dosth.是“看見某人做了某事”之意。Thatgirlsawanoldwomanfalldownontheroadyesterday.Haveyouseentheleavesdropintotheriver?25.hearsb.doingsth.是“聽到某人正在做某事”之意。Listen!Canyouhearsomeonesingingonthehill?WeheardhimtalkingwithMr.Liloudlyjustnow.26.hearsb.dosth.表示“聽見某人做了某事”之意。Hewasoftenheardtosinginhisroominthepast.Whydidn'tyouhearmecomeintothesittingrom?27.beusedfordoingsth.是“被用來做某事”的意思。Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.Teapotisusedforkeepingteawarm.28.It'sthreemetreslong/high/wide.它是三米長〔高、寬〕形容詞要放在后面作后置定語。句型是It/主語+be+數(shù)詞+米/公里+形容詞。Hisfatherisoneandseventymetrestall.Thatriverisfiftymetreswide.29.What'swrongwith......?/What'stheproblemwith......?/What'sthetroublewith......?/What'sthematter?表示“出了什么毛?。俊薄啊膬翰皇娣?？”“怎么啦？”的含義。What'swrongwithyourcar?What'swrongwithyou,littlegirl?What'sthematterwithyourwatch?30.Wouldyoulike(todo)......?是“你想要…嗎？”的意思。like后面可以接名詞，詞組或動詞不定式。提出一種建議或邀請。Wouldyoulikesomefish?Wouldyouliketogotothecinemawithme?31.Willyoupleasedosth?是“你想要做……嗎？”Willyoupleasesayitmoreslowly?Willyoupleasenotopenthewindow?Ifeelcold.32.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.是“做某事花費(fèi)某人一段時間”之意。可以用于一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過去式和一般將來時態(tài)。Itwilltakeustwohourstogooverallthewordsandexpressions.IttookMrWanghalfanhourtocleanthebedroom.33.I'dlikesb.todosth.是“我希望某人來做某事”之意。I'dlikemyfriendtohelpmewithmylessons.He'dlikeJimtoteachhimhowtousethecomputer.34.There'ssth.wrongwith......是“某物/人出了問題”，“某物/人有了毛病”之意。ThereissomethingwrongtheTVset.=SomethingiswrongwiththeTVset.Theremustbesomethingwrongwiththecar.Itdoesn'tmove.【實(shí)例解析】【中考演練】一.單項選擇1.Wouldyoupleasedrivefaster

?Myflightis_________.A.takingoff