2018-2022年高考英語真題分類訓(xùn)練：閱讀理解之健康與飲食

06健康與飲食

Passagel（2022年新高考I卷之C篇）

主題語境語篇類型文章詞數(shù)核心詞匯

減少孤獨(dú)事例闡述316lonely

Theelderlyresidents（居民）incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeeling

lonely.

Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善組織）toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople's

wellbeing,Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincarehomes

havereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.

Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:"IusedtokeephenswhenIwas

youngerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool.

“Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutanddownthere

againatnighttoseethey'vegonetobed.,,

“It'sgoodtohaveadiflerentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidents

comeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.Tmenjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomething

useful.,,

Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhasbeen

givenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.

WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:

"Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefits

andfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.^^

LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreally

helpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.^^

28.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?

A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes.B.lbprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.

C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch.D.Topromotetheelderlypeople'swelfare.

29.HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?

A.Shehaslearnednewlifeskills.B.Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.

C.Shehasrecoveredhermemory.D.Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.

30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon“meaninparagraph7?

A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.Evaluate.

31.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Itiswellreceived.B.Itneedstobemorecreative.

C.Itishighlyprofitable.D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.

【答案解析】

【答案】28.D29.B30.C31.A

【解析】本文是?篇說明文。主要講述了旨在減少孤獨(dú)，改善老年人健康狀況的項(xiàng)目。

【28題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善組織）toreducelonelinessand

improveelderlypeople'swellbeing（該項(xiàng)目由當(dāng)?shù)匾患掖壬茩C(jī)構(gòu)構(gòu)想，旨在減少孤獨(dú)，改善老年人的健康狀況）”

可知，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的目的是為了提高老年人的幸福。故選D。

【29題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五.段“"It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildreninto

seethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.Tmenjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreatto

havedonesomethinguseful."（有不同的關(guān)注點(diǎn)很好。人們把自己的孩子帶進(jìn)來看母雞，居民們也來外面坐著

看它們。我喜歡創(chuàng)造性的活動(dòng)，做一些有用的事情的感覺很好戶可推知，RuihXavier通過該項(xiàng)目獲得了一種

成就感。故選B。

【30題詳解】

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Residenlsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.We

arelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.（居民們非常歡迎該項(xiàng)目的想法和

創(chuàng)意會(huì)議。我們期待這個(gè)項(xiàng)目能給這里的人們帶來好處和樂趣廠以及劃線處前的“oneofthefirst（第一批人之

一）”可知WendyWilson是著手這項(xiàng)工程的人之一，劃線處的含義與C項(xiàng)：“Begin（開始戶含義相近。故選C。

[31題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.We

arelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.（居民們非常歡迎該項(xiàng)目的想法和

創(chuàng)意會(huì)議。我們期待這個(gè)項(xiàng)目能給這里的人們帶來好處和樂趣）”以及最后一段“LynnLewis,directorofNotting

HillPathways,said:"Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthrougha

sharedinterestandcreativeactivities.,,（“諾丁山路徑”的負(fù)責(zé)人林恩?劉易斯說:我們很高興能參與這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。它

將通過共同的興趣和創(chuàng)造性活動(dòng)真正幫助我們的居民聯(lián)系起來）“可知，該項(xiàng)目的反響很好。故選A。

【詞匯積累】

residents居民）feellonelycharity慈善組織wellbeing幸福；福利；安樂dementia癡呆,精神錯(cuò)亂

【長難句析】

IusedtokeephenswhenIwasyoungerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool.【分

析】本句含有時(shí)間狀語從句whenIwasyounger和beforeIwenttoschool.,usedtodosth為固定短語，意為：

過去常常做某事。

【翻譯】我小時(shí)候養(yǎng)過母雞，每天上學(xué)前都要為它們準(zhǔn)備早餐。

2.Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhasbeen

givenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.

【分析】本句and連接的兩個(gè)并列句；lookingafter為現(xiàn)在分詞短語做定語，修飾700elderlypeople□

【翻譯】目前，英國東北部有700名老人在20家護(hù)理院照顧母雞，該慈善機(jī)構(gòu)得到了資金支持，將這項(xiàng)活

動(dòng)推廣到全國各地。

（2022年新高考I卷之B篇）

主題語境語篇類型文章詞數(shù)核心詞匯

飲食與語音事例闡述360sounds

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon"m"and"a"totherareclicksof

somesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,

five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalfthe

world'slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas'f'

and"v",weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.Nowateamofresearchersledby

DamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned（對齊），makingit

hardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschanged

toanoverbitestructure（結(jié)構(gòu)）,makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.

TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithic

period.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn'thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn'tgrowto

besolarge.

Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguages

aftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof'f'and'V5increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.These

soundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeings

evolvedaround300,000yearsago."Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincethe

appearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofa

complexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,44saidStevenMoran,amemberofthe

researchteam.

32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamianBlasi'sresearchfbcuson?

A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.

33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?

A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.

B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.

C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.

D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.

34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.

B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.

C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.

D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.

35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?

A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.

C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.

【答案解析】

【答案】32.D33.C34.A35.C

【解析】本篇是一篇說明文。主要介紹因?yàn)轱嬍车母淖儗?dǎo)致了現(xiàn)在在世界上一半的語言中發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的語音。

【32題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的"Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsounds

calledlabiodentals,suchas"F'andnvn,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.Nowa

teamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrend

arose.（30多年前，學(xué)者CharlesHockett注意到，被稱為唇齒音的語音，如和“v”，在吃軟食物的社會(huì)的

語言中更常見。現(xiàn)在，瑞士蘇黎世大學(xué)的DamianBlasi領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一組研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了這一趨勢產(chǎn)生的方式和原

因。）”可知DamianBlasi的研究重點(diǎn)是在語言的演變上。故選D項(xiàng)。

【33題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswere

aligned,makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,

ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure,makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.（他彳門發(fā)現(xiàn)，占人類的上I1牙

和下門牙是對齊的，因此很難產(chǎn)生唇齒音，唇齒音是通過下唇接觸上牙齒而形成的。后來，我們的下顆變

成了覆蓋咬合結(jié)構(gòu)，更容易發(fā)出這樣的聲音）”可知，因?yàn)楣糯赡耆说南骂w結(jié)構(gòu)使他們很難發(fā)出唇齒音。

故選C項(xiàng)。

【34題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段中的"Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthe

soundofworldlanguagesafterthesoNeolithicage,withtheuseofand'""increasingremarkablyduringthelast

fewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.（對語

言數(shù)據(jù)庫的分析也證實(shí)，在新石器時(shí)代之后，世界語言的發(fā)音發(fā)生了全球性的變化，在過去幾千年里，

和\”的使用顯著增加。這些聲音在今天許多狩獵采集者的語言中仍然沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)）”可知，第五段主要是通過

列明數(shù)據(jù)分析結(jié)果來進(jìn)一步證明研究結(jié)果。故選A項(xiàng)。

【35題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中'"Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincethe

appearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofa

complexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,saidStevenMoran,amemberofthe

researchleam.（研究小組成員SlevenMoran說:“自從人類出現(xiàn)以來，我們使用的語音不一定保持穩(wěn)定，我們

今天發(fā)現(xiàn)的各種語音都是生物變化和文化進(jìn)化等復(fù)雜相互作用的產(chǎn)物?！埃笨芍?，StevenMoran認(rèn)為語音是

一個(gè)復(fù)雜的動(dòng)態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選C項(xiàng)。

【詞匯積累】

diet-related與飲食相關(guān)的labiodentaladj.唇齒音的structure結(jié)構(gòu)evolvev.進(jìn)化，演化remarkablyadv.

不尋常地，驚人地overturnv.（使）翻倒，（使）傾覆complexadj.復(fù)雜的，難懂的

【長難句析】

1.Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthat

arenowfoundinhalftheworld'slanguages.

【分析】本句是復(fù)合句，含有賓語從句thatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsounds,其后

又包含了that引導(dǎo)的定語從句thatarenowfoundinhalftheworld'slanguages.,修飾先行詞newspeechsoundso

【翻譯】一項(xiàng)為期五年的突破性研究表明，人類與飲食相關(guān)的咬痕變化導(dǎo)致了新的語音，如今在世界上一

半的語言中都發(fā)現(xiàn)了這種語音。

2.Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned（對齊）,makingithard

toproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.

【分析】本句含有賓語從句thattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned,making為

現(xiàn)在分詞做結(jié)果狀語；whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.為定語從句。

【翻譯】他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，古代人類的上門牙和下門牙是對齊的（對齊），因此很難產(chǎn)生下唇與上門牙接觸而形成的

唇音。

Passages（2022年新高考II卷之D篇）

主題語境語篇類型文章詞數(shù)核心詞匯

身體健康事例闡述382heart

Asweage,evenifwe'rehealthy,theheartjustisn'tasefficientinprocessingoxygenasitusedtobe.Inmost

peoplethefirstsignsshowupintheir50sorearly60s.Andamongpeoplewhodon'texercise,thechangescanstart

evensooner.

“Thinkofarubberband.Inthebeginning,itisflexible,butputitinadrawerfor20yearsanditwillbecomedry

andeasilybroken,saysDr.BenLevine,aheartspecialistattheUniversityofTexas.That'swhathappenstotheheart.

Fortunatelyforthoseinmidlife,Levineisfindingthatevenifyouhaven'tbeenanenthusiasticexerciser,gettingin

shapenowmayhelpimproveyouragingheart.

Levineandhisresearchteamselectedvolunteersagedbetween45and64whodidnotexercisemuchbutwere

otherwisehealthy.Participantswererandomlydividedintotwogroups.Thefirstgroupparticipatedinaprogramof

nonaerobic（無氧）exercise-balancetrainingandweighttraining—threetimesaweek.Thesecondgroupdid

high-intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.Aftertwoyears,the

secondgroupsawremarkableimprovementsinhearthealth.

“Wetookthese50-year-oldheartsandturnedtheclockbackto30-or35-year-oldhearts,saysLevine.t6Andthe

reasontheygotsomuchstrongerandfitterwasthattheirheartscouldnowfillalotbetterandpump（泵送）alotmore

bloodduringexercise.Buttheheartsofthosewhoparticipatedinlessintenseexercisedidn'tchange,hesays.

“Thesweetspotinlifetostartexercising,ifyouhaven'talready,isinlatemiddleagewhentheheartstillhas

flexibility,“Levinesays."Weputhealthy70-year-oldsthroughayearlongexercisetrainingprogram,andnothing

happenedtothematall.”

Dr.NiecaGoldberg,aspokeswomanfortheAmericanHeartAssociation,saysLevine'sfindingsareagreatstart.

Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsofpeopletodetermineexactlywhichaspects

ofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.

12.WhatdoesLevinewanttoexplainbymentioningtherubberband?

A.Therightwayofexercising.B.Thecausesofaheartattack.

C.Thedifficultyofkeepingfit.D.Theagingprocessoftheheart.

13.Inwhichaspectwerethetwogroupsdifferentintermsofresearchdesign?

A.Dietplan.B.Professionalbackground.

C.Exercisetype.D.Previousphysicalcondition.

14.WhatdoesLevine'sresearchfind?

A.Middle-agedheartsgetyoungerwithaerobicexercise.

B.High-intensityexerciseismoresuitablefortheyoung.

C.Itisnevertoolateforpeopletostarttakingexercise.

D.Themoreexercisewedo,thestrongerourheartsget.

15.WhatdoesDr.NiecaGoldbergsuggest?

A.Makinguseofthefindings.B.Interviewingthestudyparticipants.

C.Conductingfurtherresearch.D.Clarifyingthepurposeofthestudy.

【答案解析】

【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.C

【解析】本文是?篇說明文，主要講的是鍛煉對于心臟的好處。

【12題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“"Thinkofanibberband.Inthebeginning,itisflexible,butputitinadrawerfor20

yearsanditwillbecomedryandeasilybroken,saysDr.BenLevine,aheartspecialistattheUniversityofTexas.

That'swhathappenstotheheart.（“想想橡皮筋。一開始，它是靈活的，但把它放在抽屜里20年，它就會(huì)變得

干燥，很容易破碎，“德克薩斯大學(xué)的心臟專家本?萊文博士說。這就是心臟的變化。）“可知，萊文想通過提

到橡皮筋來解釋心臟的老化過程，故選D。

【13題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的"Thefirstgroupparticipatedinaprogramofnonaerobicexercise—balancetraining

andweighttraining—threetimesaweek.Thesecondgroupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidance

ofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.（第一組每周參加三次非有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)---平衡訓(xùn)練和重量訓(xùn)練。第二組

在教練的指導(dǎo)下每周進(jìn)行4天或更多的高強(qiáng)度有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)。）“可知，兩組在研究設(shè)計(jì)上的不同在于運(yùn)動(dòng)類型的

不同，故選C。

【14題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Thesecondgroupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainer

forfourormoredaysaweek.Aftertwoyears,thesecondgroupsawremarkableimprovementsinhearthealth.（第

二組在教練的指導(dǎo)下每周進(jìn)行4天或更多的高強(qiáng)度有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)。兩年后，第二組的心臟健康狀況有了顯著改

善。）”和第四段的""Wetookthese50-year-oldheartsandturnedtheclockbackto30-or35-year-oldhearts,vsays

Levine.（萊文說:“我們把這些50歲的心臟的時(shí)鐘撥回30或35歲的心臟。"）”可知，萊文的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了通過

有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)，中年人的心臟會(huì)變得更年輕，故選A。

【15題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsofpeople

todetermineexactlywhichaspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.（但這項(xiàng)研究的規(guī)模很小，

需要在更大的人群中重復(fù)進(jìn)行，以確定日常鍛煉的哪些方面會(huì)產(chǎn)生最大的影響。）“可知，妮卡?戈德堡博士

建議進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研究。故選C。

【詞匯積累】

efficientadj.有效的processn.v.過程，加工enthusiasticadj.熱情地

randomlyadv.隨意地high-intensity高密度

【長難句析】

1.Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsofpeopletodetermineexactlywhich

aspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.

【分析】本句which引導(dǎo)的為賓語從句；makethebiggestdifference為固定短語，意為：做出最大的改變。

【翻譯】但這項(xiàng)研究的規(guī)模很小，需要在更大的人群中重復(fù)進(jìn)行，以確定日常鍛煉的哪些方面會(huì)產(chǎn)生最大

的影響。

2.Fortunatelyforthoseinmidlife,Levineisfindingthatevenifyouhaven'tbeenanenthusiasticexerciser,gettingin

shapenowmayhelpimproveyouragingheart.

【分析】本句that引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，在賓語從句里，又含有一個(gè)條件狀語從句ifyouhaven'tbeenan

enthusiasticexerciser；getinshape為固定短語，意為：保持體形。

【翻譯】萊文發(fā)現(xiàn)，對于那些中年人士來說，幸運(yùn)的是，即使你不是一個(gè)熱情的運(yùn)動(dòng)愛好者，現(xiàn)在保持體

型可能有助于改善你老化的心臟。

Passage4（2022年全國乙卷之D篇）

主題語境語篇類型文章詞數(shù)核心詞匯

征收糖稅事例闡述331sugartax

TheGovemmenfssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredictedit

wouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.

FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,

wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（月巴胖）.Itisbelievedthattoday'schildrenandteenagersare

consumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.

Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake￡520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataofthefirstsixmonths

showeditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate￡240mfortheyearendingin

April2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.

Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers（制造

商）sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers'

effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopay

between18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.

Howeversomehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingto

changefbrfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,

asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthanImlitresperyear.

Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingby

raisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（設(shè)施）andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationto

haveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.

32.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?

ATocollectmoneyforschools.B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.

C.Toprotectchildren'shealth.D.Toencourageresearchineducation.

33.Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?

A.Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.

C.Theycutdownontheirproduction.D.Theyreducedtheirproducts5sugarcontent.

34.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?

A.Mostalcoholicdrinks.B.Milk-baseddrinks.C.Fruitjuices.D.ClassicCoke.

35.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?

A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.B.Itisasuccessstory.

C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D.Itupsetscustomers.

【答案解析】

【答案】32.C33.D34.D35.B

【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了英國政府對軟飲料征收的糖稅來解決兒童以及青少年的健康

問題，同時(shí)該收入用于學(xué)校體育。

【32題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的"FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhich叩pliestosoftdrinkscontaining

morethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity.（該稅于2016年4月首次宣布,

適用于每100毫升含糖超過5g的軟飲料，旨在幫助減少兒童肥胖）”可知，征收糖稅的目的是幫助兒童減少

肥胖，保護(hù)兒童健康。故選C項(xiàng)。

【33題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevels

cutbymanufacturerssotheycanavoidpayingthetax.（此前，制造商已經(jīng)降低了商店中銷售的超過一半的軟飲

料的含糖量，以避免納稅）”可知，一些飲料公司通過降低了產(chǎn)品的含糖量來避稅。故選D項(xiàng)。

【34題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugar

taxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholic

drinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.（然而,一些高糖品i

牌，如經(jīng)典可口可樂，已經(jīng)接受了糖稅，并拒絕改變，因?yàn)閾?dān)心會(huì)惹惱消費(fèi)者。果汁、以牛奶為原料的飲

料和大多數(shù)酒精飲料是免稅的，每年生產(chǎn)不到100萬升的小公司也是免稅的）”可知，糖稅主要來自經(jīng)典可

口可樂這些高糖品牌。故選D項(xiàng)。

【35題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositive

influencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilitiesandhealthiereatinginschools.（根

據(jù)一位政府官員的說法，今天的數(shù)據(jù)顯示了糖稅的積極影響，它為學(xué)校的體育設(shè)施和健康飲食籌集了數(shù)百

萬英鎊）”可推斷，糖稅政策的實(shí)施是一個(gè)成功的政策。故選B項(xiàng)。

【詞匯積累】

predict預(yù)測generale產(chǎn)生，引起obesily肥胖consume消費(fèi)，消耗Initially開始，最初manufacturers

制造商facilities設(shè)施

【長難句析】

1.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate￡240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.

【分析】本句含有一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句；Atpresent和beexpectedtodosth為固定短語，意

為：目前和希望期望做某事。

【翻譯】截至2019年4月，該項(xiàng)目預(yù)計(jì)將為學(xué)校體育事業(yè)帶來2.4億英鎊的收入。

2.FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,

wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（月匕胖）.

【分析】本句含有一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞為thetax；主句為thetaxwasintroducedtohelpreduce

childhoodobesityo

【翻譯】該稅于2016年4月首次宣布，適用于每100毫升含糖超過5g的軟飲料，旨在幫助減少兒童肥胖（肥

胖）

（2022年1月浙江卷之C篇）document

主題語境語篇類型文章詞數(shù)核心詞匯

健康運(yùn)動(dòng)事例闡述343regularexercise

Thebenefitsofregularexercisearewelldocumentedbutthere'sanewbonustoaddtotheever-growinglist.

Newresearchersfoundthatmiddle-agedwomenwhowerephysicallyfitcouldbenearly90percentlesslikelyto

developdementiainlaterlife,andastheydid,itcameonadecadelaterthanlesssportywomen.

LeadresearcherDr.HelenaHorder,oftheUniversityofGothenburginSweden,said:"Thesefindingsare

excitingbecauseit'spossiblethatimprovingpeople'scardiovascular（心血管）fitnessinmiddleagecoulddelay

orevenpreventthemfromdevelopingdementia.u

Forthestudy,191womenwithanaverageageof50tookabicycleexercisetestuntiltheywereexhaustedto

measuretheirpeak（最大值的）cardiovascularcapacity.Theaveragepeakworkloadwasmeasuredat103watts.

Atotalof40womenmetthecriteriaforahighfitnesslevel,or120wattsorhigher.Atotalof92womenwerein

themediumfitnesscategory;and59womenwereinthelowfitnesscategory,definedasapeakworkloadof80watts

orless,orhavingtheirexercisetestsstoppedbecauseofhighbloodpressure,chestpainorothercardiovascular

problems.

Thesewomenwerethentestedfordementiasixtimesoverthefollowingfourdecades.Duringthattime,44of

thewomendevelopeddementia.Fivepercentofthehighlyfitwomendevelopeddementia,comparedto25percentof

thewomenwithmediumfitnessand32percentofthewomenwithlowfitness.

*'However,thisstudydoesnotshowcauseandeffectbetweencardiovascularfitnessanddementia,itonlyshows

anassociation.Moreresearchisneededtoseeifimprovedfitnesscouldhaveapositiveeffectontheriskofdementia

andalsotolookatwhenduringalifetimeahighfitnesslevelismostimportant.nShealsoadmittedthatarelatively

smallnumberofwomenwerestudied,allofwhomwereformSweden,sotheresultsmightnotbeapplicabletoother

groups.

7.Whatisontheever-growinglistmentionedinthefirstparagraph?

A.Positiveeffectsofdoingexercises.

B.Exercisessuitableforthemiddle-aged.

C.Experimentalstudiesondiseases.

D.Advantagesofsportywomanoverman

8.Whydidtheresearchersaskthewomantodobicycleexercise?

A.Topredicttheirmaximumheartrate.

B.Toassesstheircardiovascularcapacity

C.Tochangetheirhabitsofworkingout

D.Todetecttheirpotentialhealthproblems

9.WhatdoweknowaboutDrHordefsstudy?

A.Itaimedtofindacurefordementia.

B.Datacollectionwasalengthyprocess.

C.Someparticipantswithdrewfromit.

D.Theresultswerefarfromsatisfactory.

10.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.MoreWomenAreExercisingtoPreventDementia

B.Middle-AgedWomenNeedtoDoMoreExercise

C.FitWomenAreLessLikelytoDevelopDementia

D.BikingImprovesWomen'sCardiovascularFitness

【答案解析】

【答案】7.A8.B9.B10.C

【解析】這是一篇說明文。主要說明了經(jīng)常鍛煉的中年女性在老年時(shí)罹患失智癥的幾率會(huì)大大降低。

【7題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Newresearchersfoundthatmiddle-agedwomenwhowerephysicallyfilcouldbe

nearly90percentlesslikelytodevelopdementia（失智癥）inlaterlife,andastheydid,itcameonadecadelater

thanlesssportywomen.”（新的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，身體健康的中年女性在晚年患癡呆癥的可能性要低近90%,

而且確實(shí)如此，與不太喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)的女性相比，她們患癡呆癥的時(shí)間要晚十年。）可知，第一段提到「健身

鍛煉的好處。故選A項(xiàng)。

【8題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)上文“Thesefindingsareexcitingbecauseit'spossiblethatimprovingpeople'scardiovascular

fitnessinmiddleagecoulddelayorevenpreventthemfromdevelopingdementia.^^（這些發(fā)現(xiàn)令人興奮，因?yàn)樵?/p>

中年時(shí)改善人們的心血管健康可能會(huì)延緩甚至防止他們患上癡呆癥.）以及本段“Forthestudy,191women

withanaverageageof50tookabicycleexercisetestuntiltheywereexhaustedtomeasuretheirpeakcardiovascular

capacity."（在這項(xiàng)研究中，191名平均年齡為50歲的女性進(jìn)行了自行車運(yùn)動(dòng)測試，直到她們精疲力竭，以

測量她們的心血管峰值能力。）可知，做這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是為了測試女性的心血管峰值能力。故選B項(xiàng)。

【9題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Thesewomen