高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解專題+細(xì)節(jié)理解+課件

閱讀理解專題

細(xì)節(jié)理解題型/年份2021新高考I卷2022新高考I卷2023新高考I卷細(xì)節(jié)理解766推理判斷477詞義猜測(cè)111主旨大意211觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度1002021~2023真題題型命題趨勢(shì)分析：從近幾年高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題型來(lái)看，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題目增多，其難度也稍有加大。其表現(xiàn)有：題目設(shè)置順序與全文行文不盡一致；題目信息與原文信息表達(dá)方式不完全相同；答案獲取需跨段落搜集等。從考查側(cè)重點(diǎn)分析看，考題重點(diǎn)由原來(lái)的考查語(yǔ)言知識(shí)點(diǎn)，如介詞搭配、冠詞選擇及固定句型運(yùn)用等轉(zhuǎn)向考查學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力和語(yǔ)篇運(yùn)用能力。細(xì)節(jié)理解題相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單，占閱讀題量的60%左右，考生只需要認(rèn)真閱讀題目，細(xì)心比對(duì)原文就能正確解答，對(duì)于這種題目，要認(rèn)真解題，確保一分不丟。高頻考點(diǎn)：1.直接細(xì)節(jié)題；2.綜合細(xì)節(jié)題；低頻考點(diǎn)：1.數(shù)字計(jì)算題；2.細(xì)節(jié)排序題；3.正誤判斷題。解題方法：1.直接細(xì)節(jié)題，采用

“原文定位”及“原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)”方式解答；2.題干或選項(xiàng)中未出現(xiàn)原文直接信息時(shí)，利用“同義轉(zhuǎn)換、英英互譯”的方式尋找正確答案；3.在查找同義信息時(shí)，不能只找相似的對(duì)應(yīng)詞匯而忽略整體語(yǔ)篇環(huán)境。命題方式直接細(xì)節(jié)題常見(jiàn)設(shè)問(wèn)方式：1．Whatwillyou/thestudentsdo...?2．When/Wherecanyou...?3．Whowill...?綜合細(xì)節(jié)題常見(jiàn)設(shè)問(wèn)方式：1．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes...?2．Howdoesthewriterrecommend...toreaders?3．(2022·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Howmany...?解題步驟抓住文中的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)是做好該題型的關(guān)鍵。一般采用尋讀法，解題分為三步：1．先讀題干，抓住關(guān)鍵詞；2．帶著問(wèn)題快速閱讀原文，找出與問(wèn)題有關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)或句子；3．仔細(xì)對(duì)比選項(xiàng)和原文信息，繼而找出答案。感悟真題【例1】(2022·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ閱讀A)GroupSizeWerequireonechaperone(監(jiān)護(hù)人)pertenchildren.Failuretoprovideenoughchaperoneswillresultinanextrachargeof$50perabsentadult.GroupPlayisforgroupsof10ormorewithalimitof35people.Forgroupsof35ormore,pleasecalltodiscussoptions.22．Howmanychaperonesareneededforagroupof30childrentovisittheMuseum?A．One.

B．Two.C．Three. D．Four.解析：數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)題干可定位到原文“Werequireonechaperonepertenchildren.”可知，每10個(gè)孩子需要1個(gè)監(jiān)護(hù)人，那么30個(gè)孩子則需要3個(gè)監(jiān)護(hù)人。所以選C【例2】(2022·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀A)LateWork

Anessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotcompletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.23．Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?A．Youwillreceiveazero. B．Youwilllosealettergrade.C．Youwillbegivenatest. D．Youwillhavetorewriteit.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞submit和theduedate可定位到原文關(guān)鍵句“Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.”，比對(duì)選項(xiàng)和信息句可知，如果你在截止日期過(guò)后一周才上交，你的成績(jī)將會(huì)是零分，所以答案是A?！纠?】(2022·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀B)Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.24．Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?A．Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste.B．Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.C．Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat.D．Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“thearugulastory”可定位到信息句“Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad...IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.”；由信息句可知，更糟糕的是，作者不假思索地買了太多東西，而又沒(méi)有完全用掉，所以無(wú)意中浪費(fèi)了食物。unintentionally與文中的unthinkingly為同義轉(zhuǎn)述。所以選B【例4】(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀A)

AllcustomerstravellingonTransLinkservicesmustbeinpossessionofavalidticketbeforeboarding.Forticketinformation，pleaseaskatyourlocalstationorcall131230.

WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduled，therecanbenoguaranteeofconnectionsbetweentrainsorbetweentrainservicesandbusservices.21．Whatwouldyoudotogetticketinformation?A．Call131617.

B．Visit.au.C．Askatthelocalstation.

D．Checkthetrainschedule.解析：第一步找關(guān)鍵詞：ticketinformation·第二步定位到原文：在原文中定位原詞ticketinformation，確定關(guān)鍵句為第一段的第二句“Forticketinformation，pleaseaskatyourlocalstationorcall131230.”?！さ谌奖葘?duì)選項(xiàng)：想要獲得票務(wù)信息可以咨詢當(dāng)?shù)剀囌尽！纠?】（2023全國(guó)甲卷）

TerriBoltonisadabhandwhenitcomestoDIY(do-it-yourself).Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecingtogetherfurniture,sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.

ShecreditstheseskillstoherlategrandfatherandbuilderDerekLloyd.Fromtheageofsix,Terri,now26,accompaniedDerektoworkduringherschoolholidays.Aday’sworkwasrewardedwith￡5inpocketmoney.Shesays:“I’msureIwasn’tmuchofahelptostartwithpaintingtheroomsandputtingdowntheflooringthroughoutthehouse.Ittookweeksandiswasbackbreakingwork,butIknowhewasproudofmyskills.”25.WhydidTerri’sgrandfathergiveher￡5aday?A.Forabirthdaygift.B.Asatreatforherwork.C.TosupportherDIYprojects.D.Toencouragehertotakeupahobby.解析：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“grandfather”和“￡5”，回歸到原文“Aday’sworkwasrewardedwith￡5inpocketmoney.”A.Forabirthdaygift.無(wú)中生有；C.TosupportherDIYprojects.部分提及DIYprojects，但是和題目所問(wèn)風(fēng)馬牛不相及；D.Toencouragehertotakeupahobby.半真半假，鼓勵(lì)為真，培養(yǎng)愛(ài)好未提及；B.Asatreatforherwork.中work在找到句子同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，treat是rewarded的同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。答案選B。模擬訓(xùn)練（2023秋·遼寧沈陽(yáng)·高三校聯(lián)考期末）Theworldhasseenmanyinventions.Whilemostpeopleareproudofthoseassociatewiththeirnames,therearethingsmakinginventorsfeeltheotherway.Thepop-up(彈出)advert,byEthanZuckermanPop-upadsareconvenientforthosewhoareinterested,butmostpeoplegetannoyedwhentheyareoncomputers.Theymaycontaincomputerviruses.Justaswewouldblametheinventor,themanhumblyacceptedhisinventionisn’toneofthebest.Inhisessay,Zuckermanwroteaboutthemosthatefulthing,“Iwrotethecodetolaunchthewindowandrunanadinit.”Theemoticon,byScottE.FahlmanEmoticonsbegantooccupyscreenscrazilyin2011andgainedgreatpopularity,especiallywithyoungmen.IthadbeenfouryearssinceFahlmanfirstuseda“smileyface”inacomputermessage.Hecreatedtheemoticonasajokemarker.Butthingsaredifferent.“IthasgonetoplacesIdon’tapproveof,”hecomplainedtoTheWallStreetJournalin2013.“Itshouldn’thavebeencreated.”Theofficecubicle(隔間),byBobPropstIn1968,BobPropstcameupwiththeideaofficecubicles,somethingthat“wouldbuildafuturisticandtidyofficestylewithnorealwallsordoorsandprovideamorecomfortableenvironment”.Butthemanhascometohatewhathehasinvented,asPropstrecalledtoFortuneatage80,“They’vechangedandjustbecomecubicles”.TheK-Cup,byJohnSylvanItseemseveryonehasaKeurigcoffeemakerforK-Cups.JohnSylvaninventedtheK-Cup,aimedatfacilitatingofficelifeofwhite-collarworkers.Nowit’scommoninhousesandcompanies.However,thesingle-serveplasticcoffeecupsaren’teco-friendly.“IfeelbadsometimesthatIeverdidit”,Sylvanadmits.But!GoodnewsforMr.Sylvan:KeuringnowoffersvarietiesofrecyclableK-Cups.1.Whenwastheemoticoninvented?A.In2007.B.In2009.C.In2011.D.In2013.2.Whichonewascreatedforofficeworkers’convenience?A.Thepop-upadvert.B.Theemoticon.C.Theofficecubicle.D.TheK-Cup.3.Whatdotheaboveinventionshaveincommon?A.Theybenefithumanlifegreatly.B.Theircreatorsareblamedbythepublic.C.Theirinventorsfeelregretful.D.Theyareverypopularwithyoungpeople.參考答案：1.A2.D3.C【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要講述了幾種讓人反感的發(fā)明。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段“Emoticonsbegantooccupyscreenscrazilyin2011andgainedgreatpopularity,especiallywithyoungmen.Ithadbeenfouryearssi