考研英語(yǔ)教育類閱讀理解

考研英語(yǔ)教育類閱讀理解考研英語(yǔ)教育類閱讀理解PassthechalkNothelpfulBACKin1922,ThomasEdisonpredictedthat"themotionpictureisdestinedtorevolutionizeoureducationalsystemand...inafewyearsitwillsupplantlargely,ifnotentirely,theuseoftextbooks."Well,weallmakemistakes.ButatleastEdisondidnotsquandervastquantitiesofpublicmoneyoninstallingcinemascreensinschoolsaroundthecountry.Withcomputers,thestoryhasbeendifferent.Manygovernmentshavepackedthemintoschools,convincedthattheirpresencewouldimprovethepaceandefficiencyoflearning.Largenumbersofstudies,somemoreacademicallyrespectablethanothers,havepurportedtoshowthatcomputershelpchildrentolearn.Now,however,astudythatcomparesclasseswithcomputersagainstsimilarclasseswithoutthemcastsdoubtonthatview.InthecurrentEconomicJournal,JoshuaAngristoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandVictorLavyoftheHebrewUniversityofJerusalemlookataschemewhichputcomputersintomanyofIsraelsprimaryandmiddleschoolsinthemid-1990s.DrAngristandDrLavycomparethetestscoresformathsandHebrewachievedbychildreninthefourthandeighthgrades(ie,agedaboutnineand13)inschoolswithandwithoutcomputers.Theyalsoaskedtheclassesteachershowtheyusedvariousteachingmaterials,suchasXeroxedworksheetsand,ofcourse,computerprograms.TheresearchersfoundthattheIsraelischemehadmuchlesseffectonteachingmethodsinmiddleschoolsthaninelementaryschools.Italsofoundnoevidencethattheuseofcomputersimprovedchildrenstestscores.Infact,itfoundthereverse.Inthecaseofthemathsscoresoffourth-graders,therewasaconsistentlynegativerelationshipbetweencomputeruseandtestscores.Theauthorsofferthreepossibleexplanationsofwhythismightbe.First,theintroductionofcomputersintoclassroomsmighthavegobbledupcashthatwouldotherwisehavepaidforotheraspectsofeducation.Butthatisunlikelyinthiscasesincethemoneyfortheprogrammecamefromthenationallottery,andthestudyfoundnosignificantchangeinteachingresources,methodsortraininginschoolsthatacquiredcomputersthroughthescheme.Asecondpossibilityisthatthetransitiontousingcomputersininstructiontakestimetohaveaneffect.Maybe,saytheauthors,buttheschoolssurveyedhadbeenusingtheschemescomputersforafullschoolyear.Thatwasenoughforthenewcomputerstohavehadalarge(andapparentlymalign)influenceonfourth-grademathsscores.Thethirdexplanationisthesimplest:thattheuseofcomputersinteachingisnobetter(andperhapsworse)thanotherteachingmethods.Thebottomline,saysDrAngrist,isthat"thecostsareclear-cutandthebenefitsaremurky."Theburdenofproofnowlieswiththepromotersofclassroomcomputers.Andtheonlyreliablewaytomaketheircaseis,surely,toconductaproperstudy,withchildrenrandomlyallocatedtoteacherswhousecomputersandteacherswhouseothermethods,includingthecheapestofall:chalkandtalk.Economist;10/26/2002,Vol.365Issue8296,p74,2p,1c考研英語(yǔ)教育類閱讀理解Passthechalk練習(xí)題注(1)：*選自Economist;10/26/2002,p74;注(2)：*習(xí)題命題模仿對(duì)象是1999年真題text4(1,2,3,4)和text1第4題(第5題);1.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat__________________.[A]motionpicturehasrevolutionizededucationsystem[B]Edisonspredictionhasbeenprovedwrong[C]Edisonencouragedschoolstoinstallcinemascreens[D]schoolsarecautiousaboutEdisonsidea2.Dr.AngristandDr.Lavyhavedonethefollowingexcept_______________.[A]comparingthetestscoresofstudentsindifferentagegroups[B]interviewingteachersabouttheirteachingmethods[C]launchingthecomputerprograminmanyIsraelischools[D]explainingstudentsschoolperformance3.AccordingtoDr.AngristandDr.Lavy,intheIsraelischeme,studentsdidntmakeimprovementintheirtestscoresbecause______________.[A]otheraspectsofeducationwereaffectedduetocashshortage[B]itwasnotlongenoughfortheprogramtotakeeffect[C]therewasanegativerelationshipbetweencomputeruseandtestscores[D]theuseofcomputerwasnobetterthanotherteachingmethods4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat________________.[A]therehasntbeenaproperstudyonthisissueyet[B]schoolauthoritiesshouldprovideprooftosupportthecomputerprogram[C]installingcomputersinschoolscoststoomuch,buthaslittleornoeffect[D]chalkandtalkworkbetterthancomputerinteaching5.Theauthorsattitudetowardsgovernmentspackingcomputersinschoolsseemstobe___________________.[A]biased[B]indifferent[C]disapproving[D]puzzling答案：BCDAC考研英語(yǔ)教育類閱讀理解Passthechalk解析篇章剖析：*為說明文，采用新聞報(bào)道體，在第一段以愛迪生所作的錯(cuò)誤預(yù)測(cè)開始，將其與第二段中學(xué)校期望通過將電腦引入課堂來(lái)改進(jìn)教學(xué)的想法進(jìn)行對(duì)照，引入話題，指出學(xué)校的上述想法未必正確。第三段敘述了兩位研究人員對(duì)以色列在1990年代中期將電腦引入中小學(xué)課堂所帶來(lái)的教學(xué)效果的研究，以此說明電腦未必如人們所期望的那樣促進(jìn)課堂學(xué)習(xí)。第四段，第五段，第六段分別引述了研究人員的解釋，并逐一進(jìn)行分析，最后得出結(jié)論：要證明電腦有助于教學(xué)，必須進(jìn)行正確的研究。詞匯注釋：supplant[sE5plB:nt]v.取代，代替(另一個(gè))squander[5skwRndE(r)]v.揮霍或浪費(fèi);放蕩地花掉purport[pE5pC:t]v.聲稱Hebrew[5hi:bru:]n.以色列語(yǔ);希伯來(lái)人Xeroxv.復(fù)印reverse[rI5v\:s]n.相反，顛倒：相反的事物或相反的方面gobble[5^Rb(E)l]v.吞并;貪婪地攫取transition[trAn5sIF(E)n,trB:-]n.轉(zhuǎn)變,轉(zhuǎn)換malign[mE5laIn]adj.有害的：具不良影響的;有害的thebottomline要點(diǎn)或關(guān)鍵之處;結(jié)果，結(jié)局：最后結(jié)果或聲明randomlyadv.任意地,隨便地,allocate[5AlEkeIt]v.分派,分配難句突破1.First,theintroductionofcomputersintoclassroomsmighthavegobbledupcashthatwouldotherwisehavepaidforotheraspectsofeducation.主體句式：theintroductionmighthavegobbledupcash結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，主句中的mighthavegobbledup表示對(duì)過去事實(shí)的猜測(cè)，that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，限定修飾cash，其中從句中的otherwise常常用來(lái)引出虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示“要不然;在另一種情況下”。例如：OtherwiseImighthavehelpedyou.要不然我就幫你了。句子譯文：第一，將電腦引入課堂可能會(huì)占用本應(yīng)用于其它教育方面的資金。2.Andtheonlyreliablewaytomaketheircaseis,surely,toconductaproperstudy,withchildrenrandomlyallocatedtoteacherswhousecomputersandteacherswhouseothermethods,includingthecheapestofall:chalkandtalk.主體句式：thewayistoconductastudy結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句是一個(gè)復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)句，不但涉及主從句，還涉及不定式，分詞和介詞短語(yǔ)。第一個(gè)不定式tomaketheircase作定語(yǔ)修飾way，第二個(gè)不定式作表語(yǔ);with引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)往往可以是“介詞+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”的形式，其中復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)可以由現(xiàn)在分詞或者過去分詞來(lái)充當(dāng)，由它和介詞賓語(yǔ)之間的邏輯關(guān)系決定，例如：withherhairflyinginthewind;withthepapertuckedunderhisarm等;who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾教師，分詞including引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)限定修飾methods。句子譯文：而他們所能采用的唯一可靠方法當(dāng)然就是進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)难芯浚瑢W(xué)生應(yīng)該是隨機(jī)分配給使用電腦教學(xué)的教師和使用其他方法教學(xué)的教師，包括最廉價(jià)的方法：粉筆和談話。題目分析：1.答案是B，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文中第一段提到“weallmakemistakes”，說明愛迪生的預(yù)言是錯(cuò)誤的。2.答案是C，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文中第三段和第四段分別提到兩位研究人員comparetestscores;asktheclassesteachers和offerexplanations，但launchthecomputerprogram則是由以色列政府所為。3.答案是D，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。從文中第四段，第五段里兩位研究人員所給出的解釋以及相應(yīng)的分析可以看出，學(xué)生成績(jī)沒有提高主要是因?yàn)樵诮虒W(xué)中使用電腦并不比采用其他方法教學(xué)更好。4.答案是A，屬推理判斷題。作者在*第二段中指出，許多學(xué)術(shù)*都宣稱使用電腦有助于課堂教學(xué)，但新的研究對(duì)這一說法提出了懷疑。在最后一段中，作者說要證明使用電腦有助于教學(xué)，就必須進(jìn)行正確的研究?？梢姡髡邔?duì)以前的研究方法提出了質(zhì)疑。5.答案是C，屬推理判斷題。對(duì)政府在學(xué)校安裝電腦一事，作者雖然沒有明確提出反對(duì)，但字里行間都透出不贊成的態(tài)度。在第一段，作者以愛迪生的預(yù)言為例，說愛迪生至少?zèng)]有浪費(fèi)公共資金，言下之意就是當(dāng)前發(fā)生的情況算得上是浪費(fèi)公共資金的舉動(dòng)。在最后一段，作者引用研究人員的觀點(diǎn)說明在學(xué)校安裝電腦是成本清楚但收效模糊的事。并提出讓支持使用電腦的人采用正確的方法對(duì)學(xué)校應(yīng)不應(yīng)該在教室安裝電腦進(jìn)行論證?？梢娮髡邔?duì)這一類問題持否定的態(tài)度?？佳杏⒄Z(yǔ)教育類閱讀理解Passthechalk翻譯參考譯文：1922年的時(shí)候，托馬斯愛迪生曾經(jīng)預(yù)測(cè)說“電影必將革新我們的教育制度，…要不了幾年，它就能取代大部分(即便不是全部的)教科書?！碑?dāng)然，人都會(huì)有出錯(cuò)的時(shí)候。不過至少在給全國(guó)各地的學(xué)校安裝電影屏幕這件事上，愛迪生并沒有浪費(fèi)大筆公共資金。有了電腦，情況又不一樣了。許多政府已經(jīng)把電腦裝