2013漢英翻譯謂語(yǔ)選擇

After-classpracticeforlastlecture不同的人對(duì)退休持不同的態(tài)度。有些人認(rèn)為退休后可享受晚年的生活。但真的退下來(lái)了，他們則有點(diǎn)失望?？吹阶约壕鸵粧伒綇U物堆里，他們不甘認(rèn)命，設(shè)法另找事干來(lái)發(fā)揮自己的余熱，以繼續(xù)得到收入。另一些人則對(duì)一生中這樣一個(gè)重大變動(dòng)早有準(zhǔn)備。他們一生為工作操勞，現(xiàn)在筋疲力盡了，渴望退休后能放松拉緊的弦，好好休息。由于不再需要每天早晨去趕公共汽車了，不再要為晉級(jí)憂慮。就可以有足夠的時(shí)間去追求童年時(shí)的夢(mèng)想，如寫寫書(shū)、畫畫圖、種種花、周游各地。After-classpracticeforlastlectureAttitudestowardsretirementvaryfrompersontoperson.Somepeoplethinkthattheywillenjoytheirtimeinretirement,butwhenitcomestheymayfeelalittledisappointed.Unwillingtoresignthemselvestotheprospectofbeingputonthescrapheap,theytrytoseekalternativeoutletsfortheirenergiesandalternativesourcesofincomethatemploymentcanprovide.After-classpracticeforlastlectureOthershavealreadypreparedthemselvesforthesignificantchangeintheirlives.Tiredoutafterallexhaustingliferevolvingaroundwork,theyareanxioustorelaxinretirementwithallthestrainsrelieved.Asthereisnomoreneedtorushtocatchamorningbusandnomoreanxietyaboutpromotion,theynowhaveenoughtimetofulfillanolddream,suchaswriting,painting,growingflowersandtravelingaround.謂語(yǔ)的確定漢英主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的差別

漢語(yǔ)的分析型(analytic)語(yǔ)言VS.英語(yǔ)的綜合型(synthetic)語(yǔ)言漢語(yǔ)的復(fù)雜謂語(yǔ)成分VS.英語(yǔ)的單一謂語(yǔ)成分漢語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)的多主動(dòng)式VS.英語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)的多被動(dòng)式分析型語(yǔ)言VS綜合型語(yǔ)言漢語(yǔ)分析型語(yǔ)言典型特征：無(wú)詞尾屈折變化(inflection)詞沒(méi)有陽(yáng)性和陰性的變化，沒(méi)有表陽(yáng)性和陰性的詞綴英語(yǔ)綜合型語(yǔ)言有豐富的屈折變化形式：

table／tablesrun／ran／run

theboy‘sShesingsbeautifully.漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法呈隱含性(covertness)，英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法呈外顯性(overtness)謂語(yǔ)成分的復(fù)雜性VS單一性她的未婚夫都60了。我想吃麥當(dāng)勞?？觳褪称凡⒉唤】?！三星的手機(jī)外觀很漂亮。歷史是人民創(chuàng)造的。他就會(huì)持槍劫車殺人越貨。謂語(yǔ)成分的復(fù)雜性VS單一性Herfiancéisalready60yearsold.HewantstoeatattheMacdonald’s.Fastfoodisnotwholesome,afterall.SamsungBrandcellphoneslookbeautiful.Historyis

madebythepeople.Heisgoodfornothingbuthijackingvehiclesandlootingthegoodsbykillingthedriverswithhisgun.原文若是形容詞短語(yǔ)，名詞短語(yǔ)，數(shù)量詞或介詞短語(yǔ)作謂語(yǔ)，譯文中常常采用系表結(jié)構(gòu)作謂語(yǔ)．你們一定知道，這種打字機(jī)輕便高效，經(jīng)久耐用又經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠，適合高中學(xué)生使用．

Youarewellawarethatthistypeoftypewriterisportableanddurable,economicalandpracticalforhighschoolstudents.金杯牌汽床墊工藝先進(jìn)，結(jié)構(gòu)新穎，造型美觀，款式繁多，舒適大方，攜帶方便．

The“GoldenCup”brandair-filledbedcushionsaremadeinadvancedtechnology.Withnovelstructure,beautifulshapeandvariouspatterns,theyarecomfortableandconvenienttocarry.漢語(yǔ)句子中的謂語(yǔ)可以是一個(gè)主謂詞組，而英語(yǔ)的句子不可以用主謂詞組充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)．例如：他們正在談?wù)摰哪俏慌處熎犯裾保?/p>

Thewomanteachertheyarenowtalkingaboutisupright.武漢這個(gè)地方，我認(rèn)為比深圳好．

IthinkWuHanisbetterthanShenzhen.謂語(yǔ)的多主動(dòng)式VS多被動(dòng)式問(wèn)題解決了。大家都覺(jué)得這樣做不妥。必須采取某些措施來(lái)控制水污染。明天下午兩點(diǎn)開(kāi)教學(xué)研究會(huì)，全體教師務(wù)必參加。謂語(yǔ)的多主動(dòng)式VS多被動(dòng)式Theproblemhasbeensolved.Itisgenerallyconsiderednotadvisabletoactthatway.Measureshaveto

betakentocontrolthewaterpollution.TherewillbeaTeachingSymposiumat2：00p.m.tomorrow．Allthefacultyisexpectedtoattend．確定謂語(yǔ)的原則謂語(yǔ)要和主語(yǔ)保持人稱、數(shù)的一致；謂語(yǔ)要明示漢語(yǔ)隱含的時(shí)態(tài)、情態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣；原文若為有形式標(biāo)志的被動(dòng)式，譯文宜用被動(dòng)式作謂語(yǔ)；原文若為無(wú)形式標(biāo)志的被動(dòng)式，譯文亦選擇被動(dòng)式作謂語(yǔ)；若不知原文謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者是誰(shuí)，或者原文的主語(yǔ)為“人們”、“大家”等，或者句中含有“據(jù)傳”、“據(jù)悉”等字眼，譯文的謂語(yǔ)常用以“it”為形式主語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)句式；謂語(yǔ)要符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣和語(yǔ)體特征。謂語(yǔ)必須與主語(yǔ)在邏輯上搭配得當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)必須與賓語(yǔ)在邏輯上搭配得當(dāng)主謂一致+時(shí)態(tài)+語(yǔ)氣改革和開(kāi)放也使民族精神獲得了新的解放。Reformsandtheopen-uppolicy

havealso

furtheremancipatedthemindsofthepeople.他過(guò)去的那副尊容，只要你見(jiàn)過(guò)一次，無(wú)論什么時(shí)候你都不會(huì)忘記。Hehadafacethatonceyousaw

isneverforgotten.（三中全會(huì)的政策）誰(shuí)想變也變不了。Noonecouldchangethisevenifhewantedto.她的獨(dú)子讓車給軋了。Heronlysonwasrunoverbyacar.語(yǔ)態(tài)茶會(huì)上只供應(yīng)茶和蛋糕。Onlyteaandcakewereservedattheteaparty.

今晚有人在此講了些不該講的話。Somethingsweresaidheretonightthatoughtnottohavebeenspoken.眾所周知，中國(guó)人在四千年前就發(fā)明了指南針。Itiswellknownthatthecompasswas

inventedinChinafourthousandyearsago.書(shū)到后應(yīng)立即付款。

Youaresupposedtopayrightafterthe booksaredelivered．請(qǐng)您為大家表演一個(gè)節(jié)目。Youarerequestedtogiveusaperformance.謂語(yǔ)必須與主語(yǔ)在邏輯上搭配得當(dāng)你的教學(xué)科研取得了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步，但不應(yīng)因此而自滿。Youhavemadegreatprogressinteachingandresearchbutyoushouldguardagainstcomplacency．漢語(yǔ)部不僅教中國(guó)學(xué)生漢語(yǔ)和中國(guó)文學(xué)課，還招收學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)的外國(guó)留學(xué)生。TheChineseProgram

offersnotonlyChineseandChineseLiteratureforChinesestudentsbutcoursesforinternationalstudentsofChinese.本書(shū)精選中國(guó)南方26個(gè)少數(shù)民族的131則膾炙人口的故事。Thebook

consistsof131superbstoriespopularamong26minoritynationalitiesinthesouthofChina.這次旅游可選擇的地方有北京，上?；蛭靼玻?/p>

ThetourwillincludeBeijing,ShanghaiandXi’an.這一證書(shū)課程分在三年中學(xué)完．

Thecertificatecourseofstudieswillspreadoverthreeyears.謂語(yǔ)必須與賓語(yǔ)在邏輯上搭配得當(dāng)抓緊施肥取得成就把中國(guó)建設(shè)成為犯?jìng)€(gè)人主義的錯(cuò)誤我們有過(guò)這樣的經(jīng)驗(yàn)熱烈祝賀亞運(yùn)會(huì)爭(zhēng)取運(yùn)動(dòng)成績(jī)與精神文明雙豐收paycloseattentiontoorattendtothetaskofmanuringhave/recordachievementsturnortransformChinainto..makemistakesofsuccumbingtoindividualismItwasourexperiencethat...Hail/GreettheAsianGamesForbetter(athletic)recordsandsportsmanship.

謂語(yǔ)必須與賓語(yǔ)在邏輯上搭配得當(dāng)（日本派大批的留學(xué)生，到中國(guó)來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)文化。）自然，他們也學(xué)會(huì)了中國(guó)的飲茶。Accordingly,theybecameaccustomedtotheChinesetea-drinking.

到去麥當(dāng)勞去吃什么?有人總結(jié)說(shuō)：吃時(shí)髦，吃清潔，吃快捷，吃氛圍，吃氣派，吃檔次，吃高雅。鬧了半天，還沒(méi)有涉及“吃飽肚子”。ForwhatdowegototheMcDonald’s?Summarizedarethefollowinganswers:foritspopularity,foritsremarkablecleanness,foritsinstantservices,foritsexoticatmosphere,forshowingoff,foritssuperquality,foritselegantconsumption.Withsomany“fors”,yetwehavenotcometo“forourstomach”. (曾利沙譯) 從這次講座中，我們學(xué)到了許多美國(guó)歷史方面的知識(shí)．WeobtainedmuchknowledgeofAmericanhistoryfromthelecture.誰(shuí)來(lái)養(yǎng)活中國(guó)的問(wèn)題，實(shí)際情況究竟怎樣？看糧食，要看中國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè)；看農(nóng)業(yè)，首先要看市場(chǎng)．

ThenwhatarethefactsaboutwhoisgoingtoprovidefoodforChina?ToknowthefoodprovisionsituationinChinawehavetotakeafullviewofheragriculture,forwhichweshouldfirstlookathermarket.結(jié)語(yǔ)就譯文本身而言，提高漢英翻譯質(zhì)量的—個(gè)關(guān)問(wèn)題是避免所謂“中文式英文”(“Chinglish”)。翻譯的最大課題之一就是擺脫原文字面的束縛。漢英翻譯中，選擇謂語(yǔ)要考慮搭配、習(xí)慣表達(dá)方式、邏輯語(yǔ)法關(guān)系等多種因素。能找到意義相符、功能相似的詞或短語(yǔ)固然最好，若不能則需要變通。詞語(yǔ)間的恰當(dāng)搭配是寫作的基本要求之一，也是翻譯時(shí)要考慮的因素之—。弄不好就會(huì)造成誤解，甚至貽笑大方。選擇適當(dāng)?shù)闹^語(yǔ)完成下列句子：１．李教授代替生病的教師上課．

ProfessorLi______fortheteacherwhoisillinhospital.他對(duì)這件事情漠不關(guān)心．Hisattitudetowardsthematter_______oneofindifference.3.不同國(guó)家的社會(huì)習(xí)俗往往大相徑庭．

Socialcustoms______usually__fromcountrytocountry.1.李教授代替生病的教師上課．

ProfessorLiisasubstitutefortheteacherwhoisillinhospital.他對(duì)這件事情漠不關(guān)心．Hisattitudetowardsthematterisoneofindifference.3.不同國(guó)家的社會(huì)習(xí)俗往往大相徑庭．

Socialcustomsareusuallydifferentfromcountrytocountry.天氣真冷，我的手指都失去了知覺(jué)．

It______thatmyfingeswentnumb.5.那個(gè)生病的孩子已經(jīng)幾天沒(méi)上學(xué)了，他媽媽很擔(dān)心他的學(xué)習(xí)．Thesickchild______fromclassforseveraldays.Hismother____hisstudiesverymuch.天氣真冷，我的手指都失去了知覺(jué)．

Itwassocoldthatmyfingeswentnumb.5.那個(gè)生病的孩子已經(jīng)幾天沒(méi)上學(xué)了，他媽媽很擔(dān)心他的學(xué)習(xí)．Thesickchildhasbeenabsentfromclassforseveraldays.Hismotherworriedabouthisstudiesverymuch.6.那位職業(yè)網(wǎng)球手因在比賽前服用興奮劑而被取消了進(jìn)入決賽的資格．

Thatprofessionaltennisplayer____fromenteringthefinalsbecausehe____somestimulantbeforethematch.7.與會(huì)者對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的觀點(diǎn)差別太大，以至發(fā)生了爭(zhēng)吵，一時(shí)會(huì)場(chǎng)的氣氛緊張起來(lái)．

Theopinionsoftheattendants____fromabouttheissuesothatsomeofthembegantoquarrelwitheachother.Theatmosphereatthemeeting______atthemoment.

6.那位職業(yè)網(wǎng)球手因在比賽前服用興奮劑而被取消了進(jìn)入決賽的資格．

Thatprofessionaltennisplayerwasdisqualifiedfromenteringthefinalsbecausehehadtakensomestimulantbeforethematch.7.與會(huì)者對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的觀點(diǎn)差別太大，以至發(fā)生了爭(zhēng)吵，一時(shí)會(huì)場(chǎng)的氣氛緊張起來(lái)．

Theopinionsoftheattendantswerefarfromunanimousabouttheissuesothatsomeofthembegantoquarrelwitheachother.Theatmosphereatthemeetingbecametenseatthemoment.

這臺(tái)機(jī)器壞了，必須請(qǐng)一位技術(shù)人員馬上修好．

Themachine______,sooneofthetechnicians______torepairitatonce.9.現(xiàn)代男性服裝近來(lái)趨向于更加簡(jiǎn)單的款式．

Recentlythere____atrendtowardssimplerfashionsinmodernmen’sclothes.這臺(tái)機(jī)器壞了，必須請(qǐng)一位技術(shù)人員馬上修好．

Themachinehasbrokendown,sooneofthetechniciansmustbefetchedtorepairitatonce.9.現(xiàn)代男性服裝近來(lái)趨向于更加簡(jiǎn)單的款式．

Recentlytherehasbeenatrendtowardssimplerfashionsinmodernmen’sclothes.那里有許多金屬粒，要在那里著陸飛碟不可能不會(huì)被某一顆金屬粒撞碎．

Therearesomanymetalparticlestherethat______tolandaflyingsaucerwithout_______byone.那里有許多金屬粒，要在那里著陸飛碟不可能不會(huì)被某一顆金屬粒撞碎．

Therearesomanymetalparticlesth