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目錄2010年南京師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院351英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2012年南京師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2013年南京師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2015年南京師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2016年南京師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題(回憶版)(含部分答案)

2010年南京師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院351英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解科目代碼:351科目名稱:英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)(英譯漢)考生注意:所有答案必須寫在答題紙上,否則無效。I.PleasetranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.(50%)1.Parentsoftenfeelinadequatewhenconfrontedontheonehandwiththeeager,sensitivemindofachildandontheotherhandwithaworldofcomplexphysicalnature.【答案】父母一方面要面對孩子熱切敏銳的頭腦,另一方面還要面對一個錯綜復(fù)雜的物質(zhì)世界,這時候,父母們往往會感到力不從心。2.Thereissymbolicaswellasactualbeautyinthemigrationofthebirds,theebbandflowofthetides,thefoldedbudreadyforthespring.Thereissomethinginfinitelyhealingintherepeatedrefrainsofnature—theassurancethatdawn,comesafternight,andspringafterthewinter.【答案】鳥兒的遷徙、潮水的漲落、含苞的花蕾,既有象征性的美,又有實(shí)際意義上的美。在循環(huán)往復(fù)的大自然中有著無限治愈性的存在——黑夜過后一定是黎明,冬天過后一定是春天。3.Inatimeofincreasingspecialization—atimewhen90percentofallthescientistswhohaveeverlivedarecurrentlyalive—morethaneverweneedtoknowwhatistrulyimportantinlife.【答案】在一個日益專業(yè)化的時代,在一個所有科學(xué)家中有90%都還健在的時代里,我們比過去任何時候都更需要了解生活中什么才是真正重要的。4.WethepeopleoftheUnitedStates,inordertoformamoreperfectunion,establishjustice,insuredomestictranquility,provideforthecommondefense,promotethegeneralwelfare,andsecuretheblessingsoflibertytoourselvesandourposterity,doordainandestablishthisConstitutionforthe

UnitedStatesofAmerica.【答案】我們,美利堅(jiān)合眾國的人民,為了組織一個更完善的聯(lián)邦,樹立正義,保障國內(nèi)安寧,建立共同國防,增進(jìn)全民福利,確保我們自己及我們的后代能安享自由之幸福,乃為美利堅(jiān)合眾國制定并確立這一部憲法。5.Why,attheheightofdesireandhumanpleasure—worldly,social,amorous,ambitiousorevenavaricious—doestheremingleacertainsenseofdoubtandsorrow?【答案】入世務(wù)俗,交游酬應(yīng),男女愛悅,圖營勢位,乃至貪婪財貨,人生百為,于興最高、人最歡時,輒微覺樂趣中雜以疑慮與憂傷,其故何耶。II.PleasetranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.(100%)l.Formostofthiscentury,scientistshaveworshippedthehardwareofthebrainandthesoftwareofthemind;themessypowersoftheheartwerelefttothepoets.Butcognitivetheorycouldsimplynotexplainthequestionswewonderaboutmost:whysomepeoplejustseemtohaveagiftforlivingwell;whythesmartestkidintheclasswillprobablynotenduptherichest;whywelikesomepeoplevirtuallyonsightanddistrustothers;whysomepeopleremainupbeatinthefaceoftroublesthatwouldsinkalessresilientsoul.Whatqualitiesofthemindorspirit,inshort,determinewhosucceeds?【參考譯文】在本世紀(jì)大部分時間里,科學(xué)家們一直崇拜大腦這個具體之物和思維這個無形之物,而情感這一紛亂的力量卻留給了詩人去談?wù)摗5J(rèn)知理論就是無法解釋我們最想弄清的問題:為什么有些人似乎就是有過上好日子的才能;為什么班里最聰明的孩子很可能最終并不是最富有的;為什么我們對有些人幾乎一眼就喜歡上了,而對另一些人卻信不過;為什么有些人面對困難仍能保持樂觀,而另一些人則堅(jiān)持不住,沉淪下去。一句話,思維或精神的何種素質(zhì)決定了人的成功?2.Anyonewitheyescantakedelightinafaceoraflower.Youneedtraining,however,toperceivethebeautyinmathematicsorphysicsorchess,

inthearchitectureofatree,thedesignofabird’swing,ortheshiverofbreaththroughaflute.Formostofhumanhistory,thetraininghascomefromelderswhotaughttheyounghowtopayattention.Bypayingattention,welearntosavorallsortsofpatterns,fromquantummechanicstopatchworkquilts.Thispredilectionbringswithitaclearevolutionaryadvantage,fortheabilitytorecognizepatternshelpedourancestorstoselectmates,findfood,avoidpredators.Butthesameadvantagewouldapplytoallspecies,andyetwealonecomposesymphoniesandcrosswordpuzzles,carvestoneintostatues,maptimeandspace.【參考譯文】任何人都能在一顰一笑,一花一草中體驗(yàn)快樂。但是,發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)學(xué)之美、物理之絕、象棋之妙的眼睛并不是與生俱來,而欣賞樹木形態(tài)、鳥翼構(gòu)造、或是悠揚(yáng)笛聲的心靈也非渾然自成。我們需要點(diǎn)撥和引領(lǐng)??v觀歷史傳承,這樣的點(diǎn)撥和引領(lǐng)往往來自長者,籍此,年輕人學(xué)會專注;因?yàn)閷Wⅲ覀冾I(lǐng)略到萬千形態(tài)的美,無論是量子力學(xué)中精妙的理論,還是棉被上漂亮的拼花圖案。正是出于對美的強(qiáng)烈偏愛,才使得人類在物種進(jìn)化的追逐比拼中處于上風(fēng)。因?yàn)槿祟惸軌虮孀R出美的事物,而我們的祖先則因循這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)選擇伴侶,尋找食物,躲避敵人。如果自然界中所有的物種都擁有發(fā)現(xiàn)美的能力,那么它們都將在進(jìn)化過程中稱霸一方。然而,惟獨(dú)人類在演變中獨(dú)占鰲頭:我們譜寫交響曲,創(chuàng)造字謎游戲;在我們的手中,頑石誕生為雕像,時空歸依為坐標(biāo)。3.Oneman,whenhehasdoneanotherakindness,isreadyalsotoreckononareturn.Asecondisnotreadytodothis,butyetinhisheartofheartsrankstheotherasadebtor,andheisconsciousofwhathehasdone.Butathirdisinamannernotconsciousofit,butislikethevinethathasborneaclusterofgrapes,andwhenithasonceborneitsduefruitlooksfornorewardbeyond,asitiswithasteedwhenithasrunitscourse,ahoundwhenithassingledoutthetrail,abeeWhenshehasmadehercomb.Andsoamanwhenhehasdoneonethingwell,doesnotcryitabroad,butbetakeshimselftoasecond,asavinetobearafreshherclustersindueseason.【參考譯文】第一種人,當(dāng)他施與他人恩惠時,也準(zhǔn)備好接受回報了。第二種人,他不愿這樣做,但在他的內(nèi)心深處,他認(rèn)為另一方對自己有所虧欠,而且

他很清楚自己做了什么。但是第三種人,他全然沒有意識到他做了什么,他像長出了一簇葡萄的葡萄藤一樣,當(dāng)葡萄藤在適當(dāng)?shù)募竟?jié)里結(jié)出了果實(shí),它便再無所求。就像在道路上奔馳的駿馬、找出小路的獵犬、筑造蜂巢的蜜蜂一樣。所以,當(dāng)一個人做了好事,不要四處宣傳,而要將自己放在第二位,就像葡萄藤在收獲的季節(jié)就會結(jié)出豐碩的果實(shí)。4.ThesemythsandmanyothersareshatteredbyourdiscoveryofthetrueChineseoriginsofmanyofthethings,allaroundus,whichwetakeforgranted.Someofourgreatestachievementsturnouttohavebeennotachievementsatall,butsimpleborrowings.Yetthereisnoreasonforustofeelinferiorordowncastattherealizationthatmuchofthegeniusofmankind’sadvancewasChineseratherthanEuropean.ForitisexcitingtorealizethattheEastandtheWestarenotasfarapartinspiritorinfactasmostofushavebeenled,byappearances,tobelieve,andthattheEastandWestarealreadycombinedinasynthesisweliveourdailylives,andsoprofoundthatitisall-pervading.Withinthissynthesisweliveourdailylives,andfromitthereisnoescape.ThemodemworldisacombinationofEasternandWesterningredientswhichareinextricablyfactthatwearelargelyunawareofitisperhapsoneofthegreatestcasesofhistoricalblindnessintheexistenceofthehumanrace.【參考譯文】當(dāng)我們發(fā)現(xiàn),在周圍所有那些我們認(rèn)為理所應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)臇|西中,很多東西其實(shí)真正起源于中國時,這些神話和許多其他的東西都被粉碎了。在我們所取得的最偉大的成就中,一些成就根本就不是成就,只是簡單的借鑒而已。許多引領(lǐng)人類進(jìn)步的天才是中國人而非歐洲人,但我們也沒有理由因此而感到自卑或是氣餒。我們中大多數(shù)人被一些表面現(xiàn)象引導(dǎo)而去相信,東方和西方在精神上或?qū)嶋H中遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)分離開來,但令人興奮的是,事實(shí)并非如此。而且,在我們的日常生活中,東方和西方已經(jīng)結(jié)合在一起,這種結(jié)合分布廣泛,影響深遠(yuǎn)。在這個結(jié)合體中,我們過著日常的生活,沒有人能從中逃脫。現(xiàn)代世界是一個東西方元素密不可分的結(jié)合體,我們大多沒有意識到這一事實(shí),這可能是人類種族存在以來歷史盲點(diǎn)的例子中最重大的盲點(diǎn)之一了。

2012年南京師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解I.Directions:Translatethefollowingwords,abbreviationsorterminologyintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.Therearealtogether30itemsinthispartofthetest,15inEnglishand15inChinese,withonepointforeach.(30′)1.IMF【答案】國際貨幣基金組織(InternationalMonetaryFund)2.ASEAN【答案】東南亞國家聯(lián)盟(東盟)(AssociationofSoutheastAsianNations)3.NMD【答案】國家導(dǎo)彈防御系統(tǒng)(NationalMissileDefense)4.COO【答案】首席運(yùn)營官(ChiefOperatingOfficer)5.GNP【答案】國民生產(chǎn)總值(GrossNationalProduct)6.DNS【答案】域名解析系統(tǒng)(DomainNameSystem);域名服務(wù)器(DomainNameServer)7.BBS【答案】電子布告欄系統(tǒng)(BulletinBoardSystem)8.OTC

【答案】非處方藥(OverTheCounter);(聯(lián)合國)技術(shù)合作處(OfficeofTechnicalCooperation)9.IOC【答案】國際奧林匹克委員會(InternationalOlympicCommittee);國際海洋學(xué)委員會(InternationalOceanographicCommission)10.videoondemand【答案】視頻點(diǎn)播11.telegraphictransfer【答案】[金融]電匯12.marginalrevenue【答案】[會計(jì)]邊際收入,邊際收益13.corporateimage【答案】企業(yè)形象;公司形象14.customsdeclaration【答案】[貿(mào)易]報關(guān)單;[稅收]申報關(guān)稅15.OrganizationofAmericanStates【答案】美洲國家組織16.局域網(wǎng)【答案】LAN(localareanetwork)17.和諧共贏【答案】all-winharmony

18.三下鄉(xiāng)【答案】BringingCulture,ScienceandTechnology,andHygienicHealthtotheCountryside19.“五個一工程”【答案】theFive“One”Project/theBestWorksAward20.到……掛職【答案】totakeupprovisionalpostin21.主任科員【答案】PrincipleStaffMember22.解決民生問題【答案】toimprovepeople’swell-being23.自主創(chuàng)新【答案】self-dependentinnovation24.基層民主【答案】community-leveldemocracy25.全方位外交【答案】multi-faceteddiplomacy26.沿江沿邊【答案】areasalongtheYangtziRiverandnationalborder27.生態(tài)文明【答案】conservationculture/ecologicalcivilization

28.主體功能區(qū)【答案】mainfunctionalregion29.現(xiàn)場服務(wù)【答案】field/siteservice30.依法行政【答案】administrationbylawII.Directions:Translatethefollowingtwosourcetextsintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.IfthesourcetextisinEnglish,itstargetlanguageisChinese.IfthesourcetextisinChinese,itstargetlanguageisEnglish.(120′)SourceText1:Ihaveknownveryfewwriters,butthoseIhaveknown,andwhomIrespect,confessatoncethattheyhavelittleideawheretheyaregoingwhentheyfirstsetpentopaper.Theyhaveacharacter,perhapstwo;theyareinthatconditionofeagerdiscomfortwhichpassesforinspiration;alladmitradicalchangesofdestinationoncethejourneyhasbegun;one,tomycertainknowledge,spentninemonthsonanovelaboutKashmir,thenresetthewholethinginScottishHighlands.Ihaveneverheardanyonemakinga‘skeleton’,asweweretaughtatschool.Inthebreakingandremarking,inthetiming,interweaving,beginningafresh,thewritercomestoconcernthingsinhismaterialwhichwerenotconsciouslyinhismindwhenhebegan.Thisorganicprocess,oftenleadingtomomentsofextraordinaryself-discovery,isofanindescribablefascination.Ablurredimageappears;headdsabrushstrokeandanother,anditisgone;butsomethingwasthere,andhewillnotresttillhehascapturedit.Sometimestheyearswithinawriteroutlivesabookhehaswritten.Ihaveheardofwriterswhoreadnothingbuttheirownbooks;likeadolescentstheystandbeforethemirror,andstillcannotfathomtheexactoutlineofthevisionbeforethem.Forthesamereason,writerstalkinterminablyabouttheirownbooks,winklingouthiddenmeanings,super-imposingnewones,beggingresponsefromthosearoundthem.Ofcourseawriterdoingthisismisunderstood:hemightaswelltrytoexplainacrimeor

aloveaffair.Heisalso,incidentally,anunforgivablebore.Thistemptationtocoverthedistancebetweenhimselfandthereader,tostudyhisimageinthesightofthosewhodonotknowhim,canbehisundoing:hehasbeguntowritetoplease.AyoungEnglishwritermadethepertinentobservationayearortwobackthatthetalentgoesintothefirstdraft,andtheartintothedraftsthatfollow.Forthisreasonalsothewriter,likeanyotherartist,hasnorestingplace,nocrowdormovementinwhichhemaytakecomfort,nojudgmentfromoutsidewhichcanreplacethejudgmentfromwithin.Awritermakesorderoutoftheanarchyofhisheart;hesubmitshimselftoamoreruthlessdisciplinethananycriticdreamedof,andwhenheflirtswithfame,heistakingtimeofffromlivingwithhimself,fromthesearchforwhathisworldcontainsatitsinmostpoint.【參考譯文】我所認(rèn)識的作家寥寥無幾,然而凡是我所認(rèn)識和尊敬的作家,都立即承認(rèn)在他們動筆時,不清楚要寫什么,怎么寫。他們心中有一個或兩個角色。他們處于急切不安的狀態(tài),而這被當(dāng)作是靈感。他們無不承認(rèn),一旦“旅程”開始,“目的地”常有急劇的變化。據(jù)我所知,有位作家花了9個月的時間寫了一部有關(guān)克什米爾的小說后來卻把整個故事背景換成了蘇格蘭高地。我從未聽說過任何一位作家像我們在學(xué)校學(xué)的那樣,動筆前先列什么提綱。作家在剪裁修改、構(gòu)思時間、穿插情節(jié)、以至從頭重寫的過程中,會領(lǐng)悟到素材中有很多東西是他剛動筆時所未意識到的。這種有機(jī)的加工過程往往達(dá)到不尋常自我發(fā)現(xiàn)的境界,具有難以言表的構(gòu)思魅力。一個朦朧的形象出現(xiàn)在作家的腦海里,他左添一筆,右添一筆,形象反而消逝了;可是,好像還有什么東西存在著,不把它捕捉到,作家是不會罷休的。有時,一個作家一本書寫完了,但興奮仍未消散。我聽說一些作家,除了自己的書外,別的書一概不讀,猶如希臘神話中那位漂亮少年,站在鏡前,不能辨認(rèn)出自身的真面目。由于這個原因,作家喋喋不休地談?wù)撟约旱臅?,挖掘其隱晦的含義,增添新的含義,詢問周圍人的反應(yīng)。作家如此行事當(dāng)然會被人誤解。他還不如給人講一個犯罪案件或一個戀愛故事。順便說一句,他也是個不可饒恕的令人厭煩的人。這種企圖消除自己和讀者之間距離的作法,企圖用不了解自己的人的觀

點(diǎn)來研究自己塑造的形象的作法,會導(dǎo)致作家的毀滅,因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)開始為取悅他人而寫作了。一兩年前,一位年輕的英國作家發(fā)表了中肯的看法。他說,初稿是才華,以后各稿都是藝術(shù)。也是由于這個原因,作家同任何藝術(shù)家一樣,找不到可休息的場所,找不到伙伴和活動使自己得到安逸。任何局外人的判斷也比不上他自己內(nèi)心的正確判斷。一旦作家從內(nèi)心的紊亂中理出頭緒,就應(yīng)按任何評論家想像不到的無情規(guī)范約束自己去寫作;當(dāng)他沽名釣譽(yù)時,他就脫離了自我生活,脫離了對自己靈魂最深處世界的探索。SourceText2:希臘破產(chǎn);主權(quán)信用評級為垃圾級的葡萄牙在懇求安哥拉投資;高失業(yè)率的西班牙其利率在過去的這個月里已經(jīng)翻倍;投資者對正在復(fù)蘇的愛爾蘭債券持高度警惕的態(tài)度。增長停滯的意大利正在負(fù)隅頑抗,盡管新上任的技術(shù)型總理蒙蒂(MarioMonti)有著明星般的聲譽(yù),但意大利仍面臨著不可持續(xù)的高利率;而對于在歐盟的成員國比利時來說,負(fù)債已經(jīng)與GDP相當(dāng),債務(wù)信用評級已被下調(diào),原因之一就是新政府遲遲未能成立。消費(fèi)者信心正在下降的法國很可能是下一個。德國的部分國債還沒賣出去,并且國債的價格也在下滑。任何歐元區(qū)國家以及歐元區(qū)公司都無法逃脫歐元區(qū)這座建筑的結(jié)構(gòu)性缺陷所帶來的影響。歐元區(qū)以外的國家也未能幸免。英國赤字高漲,債臺高筑,減赤方案有可能不起作用。英國之所以還維持著AAA的評級,是因?yàn)樵摱鄵碛凶约旱呢泿牛⑶以u級機(jī)構(gòu)在決定是否降級時越來越多地考慮到國家的管理能力。英國被認(rèn)為管理能力較強(qiáng),但等周三公務(wù)員大罷工令全國陷入癱瘓后,情況可能就不一樣了?!緟⒖甲g文】BankruptGreece;junk-ratedPortugalpleadingwithAngolaforinboundinvestment;joblessSpain,facingsomeinterestratesthathavedoubledinthepastmonth;andrecoveringIrelandhavealreadyfallentothebondvigilantes.Growth-freeItalyisfightingarearguardaction,facingunsustainableinterestratesdespitethestellarreputationofitsnewlyappointedtechnocratprimeminister,MarioMonti;Belgiandebt,nowequaltoitsGDP,hasbeendowngraded,inpartbecauseoftheinabilityofthisseatoftheEUtoforma

newgovernment.France,consumerconfidencedropping,islikelynext.SomeGermanIOUswereunsold,andpricesofbundsareslipping.Noeuro-zonecountryandnoeuro-zonecompanycananylongerescapetheconsequencesofthestructuralflawintheeuro-zonearchitecture.Norcancountriesoutsidetheeurozone.GreatBritain,withhighdeficits,mountingdebt,andadeficit-reductionplanthatjustmightnotwork,retainsitstriple-Aratingbecauseithasitsowncurrencyandtheratingcompaniesincreasinglyconsidergovernancewhendecidingwhethertodowngrade.Britainisconsideredgovernable,butthatmightchangeafterWednesday'sstrikeofpublic-serviceworkersshutsdownthecountry.

2013年南京師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解I.Directions:Translatethefollowingwords,abbreviationsorterminologyintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.Therearealtogether30itemsinthispartofthetest,15inEnglishand15inChinese,withonepointforeach.(30’)1.EEC【答案】歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體(EuropeanEconomicCommunity)2.Nuke【答案】核武器3.IBM【答案】美國國際商用機(jī)器公司(InternationalBusinessMachine)4.FOB【答案】離岸價格;船上交貨價格(freeonboard)5.EVP【答案】超自然電子異象(ElectronicVoicePhenomenon)6.COD【答案】貨到付款(cashondelivery)7.SINOCHEM【答案】中國化工進(jìn)出口公司8.ASEM【答案】ASEM亞歐會議(Asia-EuropeMeeting)

9.SOMTI【答案】亞歐貿(mào)易投資高官會(SeniorOfficials'MeetingonTradeandInvestment)10.EUintegration【答案】歐盟一體化11.virtualsecretariat【答案】網(wǎng)上秘書處12.theenforcementprocedures【答案】執(zhí)行程序13.a(chǎn)ppointandempower【答案】任命和授權(quán)14.livetransmission【答案】實(shí)時傳輸,現(xiàn)場直播15.HighTechZone【答案】高新區(qū)16.勞務(wù)出口【答案】laborexport17.利率市場化【答案】interestrateliberalization18.厲行節(jié)約【答案】practice(strict)economy

19.劣質(zhì)工程【答案】Shoddyengineering20.聯(lián)合管理【答案】jointmanagement21.基本人權(quán)【答案】fundamentalhumanrights22.恢復(fù)法制【答案】restoretheruleoflaw23.宏觀決策【答案】macrodecision-making24.堅(jiān)持黨的群眾路線【答案】adheretothemasslineoftheParty25.賄選【答案】practisebriberyatanelection26.科普活動【答案】activitytopopularizescientificknowledge27.勞逸結(jié)合【答案】balancebetweenworkandrest28.控制人口數(shù)量【答案】controlthepopulationsize

29.快遞【答案】expressdelivery30.空中交通管制【答案】airtrafficcontrolII.Directions:Translatethefollowingtwosourcetextsintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.IfthesourcetextisinEnglish,itstargetlanguageisChinese.IfthesourcetextisinChinese,itstargetlanguageisEnglish.(120’)SourceText1:Atthecloseof1933,KeynesaddressedalettertoFranklinD.Roosevelt,which,notseekingreticence,hepublishedintheNewYorkTimes.Asinglesentencesummarizedhiscase:“Ilayoverwhelmingemphasisontheincreaseofnationalpurchasingpowerresultingfromgovernmentalexpenditurewhichisfinancedbyloans...”ThefollowingyearhevisitedFDRbuttheletterhadbeenabettermeansofcommunication.Eachmanwaspuzzledbytheface-to-faceencounter.ThepresidentthoughtKeynessomekindof“amathematicianratherthanpoliticaleconomist.”Keyneswasdepressed:hehad“supposedthePresidentwasmoreliterate,economicallyspeaking.”Ifcorporationsarelargeandstrong,astheyalreadywereinthethirties,theycanreducetheirprices.Andifunionsarenonexistentorweak,astheywereatthetimeintheUnitedStates,laborcanthenbeforcedtoacceptwagereductions.Actionbyonecompanywillforceactionbyanother.Themoderninflationaryspiralwillworkinreverse;thereducedpurchasingpowerofworkerswilladdtoitsforce.ThroughtheNationalRecoveryAdministrationWashingtonwastryingtoarrestthisprocess—areasonableandevenwiseeffort,giventhecircumstances.ThisKeynesandmosteconomistsdidnotsee;heandtheybelievedtheNRAwrong,andeversinceithashadapoorpress.OneofFDR’sfoolishmistakes.Keyneswantedmuchmorevigorousborrowingandspending;hethoughttheAdministrationfartoocautious.AndWashingtonwas,indeed,reluctant.IntheearlythirtiestheMayorofNewYorkwasJamesJ.Walker.Defending

acasualattitudetowarddirtyliterature,asitwasthencalled,hesaidhehadneverheardofagirlbeingseducedbyabook.Keyneswasnow,afterafashion,toproveWalkerwrong.Havingfailedbydirect,practicalpersuasion,heproceededtoseduceWashingtonandtheworldbywayofabook.FurthertoprovethepointagainstWalker,itwasanearlyunreadableone.【參考譯文】在1933年末,凱恩斯給富蘭克林D.羅斯福寫了一封信,不是為謀求沉默,他把信發(fā)表在紐約時報上。一句話可概括他的意思:“我十萬分地強(qiáng)調(diào),國家購買力的增加取決于政府貸款融資的支出……”除去信件是一種比較好的交流方式外,第二年他拜訪了羅斯福。每個男人都會因當(dāng)面的遭遇而感困惑。羅斯??偨y(tǒng)認(rèn)為凱恩斯是某類數(shù)學(xué)家,而不是政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家。凱恩斯很沮喪,他曾說“從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方面而言,假定總統(tǒng)更有學(xué)養(yǎng)”。如果企業(yè)規(guī)模巨大且實(shí)力很強(qiáng),像30年代的那些企業(yè)一樣,它們就可以降低產(chǎn)品價格。而如果沒有工會,或者工會力量很弱,像那時的美國企業(yè),工人就可能被迫接受降低工資。一個公司的行為就會使另一個公司效仿。現(xiàn)代的惡性通膨會起反作用;降低工人的購買力就會增加通膨的力度。通過國家貯備局,華盛頓正試圖阻止這個過程——一個合理的甚至明智的努力,考慮到了種種情形。凱恩斯和大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家并沒有領(lǐng)會到這點(diǎn);他和他們認(rèn)為是國家貯備局的錯誤,而且從那時其國家貯備局一直未盡力,這成了羅斯福愚蠢的錯誤之一。凱恩斯渴望更多的有活力的借貸和支出,他認(rèn)為管理局太謹(jǐn)慎了,而華盛頓確實(shí)很不情愿。30年代初紐約市長是詹姆斯·J沃克。他對當(dāng)時人們指責(zé)他對所謂的骯臟文學(xué)持漫不經(jīng)心的態(tài)度做辯護(hù)。說他從未聽說過有哪位女孩子會為書所勾引。似乎可以這么說,凱恩斯有點(diǎn)想證明沃克是錯誤的。他既然未能用直接的、實(shí)際的勸說獲得成功,于是便著手通過一本書來勾引華盛頓和世人。為了進(jìn)一步證實(shí)沃克的觀點(diǎn)是錯誤的,他所選的這幾本書幾乎是難以理解的一本書。SourceText2:自核武器出現(xiàn)以來,人類一直生活在核戰(zhàn)爭威脅的巨大陰影之下。全面禁止和徹底銷毀核武器,實(shí)現(xiàn)無核武器世界,是一切熱愛和平人們的共

同夙愿,也是中國一貫倡導(dǎo)并不懈追求的目標(biāo)。在上世紀(jì)60年代初,中國政府就鄭重發(fā)表聲明,倡議召開世界各國首腦會議,討論全面禁止和徹底銷毀核武器問題。作為核武器國家,中國從不回避自己在核裁軍方面的責(zé)任。中國發(fā)展有限的核力量,完全是為了自衛(wèi)。中國始終恪守在任何時候和任何情況下都不首先使用核武器,無條件不對無核武器國家和無核武器區(qū)使用或威脅使用核武器的承諾,是唯一做出上述承諾的核武器國家。中國這一政策今后也不會改變?!緟⒖甲g文】Eversincenuclearweaponscameintobeing,mankindhasbeenlivingundertheenormousshadowofthethreatofanuclearwar.Toachievethecompleteprohibitionandthoroughdestructionofnuclearweaponsforaworldfreeofnuclearweaponsisthecommonaspirationofallpeace-lovingpeople.ItisalsoagoalthatChinahasallalongbeenadvocatingandpursuingwithunremittingefforts.Backintheearly1960s,theChineseGovernmentissuedasolemnstatement,callingfortheconveningofasummitofworldleaderstodiscusstheissueofcompleteprohibitionandthoroughdestructionofnuclearweapons.Asanuclear-weaponstate,Chinahasneverevadeditsresponsibilitiesinnucleardisarmament.Itissolelyforthepurposeofself-defensethatChinahasdevelopedlimitednuclearcapabilities.Andwehavefaithfullyabidedbyourcommitmentthatwewillnotbethefirsttousenuclearweaponsatanytimeandunderanycircumstancesandthatwewillunconditionallynotuseorthreatentousenuclearweaponsagainstnon-nuclear-weaponstatesornuclear-weapon-freezones.Infact,wearetheonlynuclear-weaponstatethathasundertakensuchacommitmentandthispolicywillnotchangeinthefuture.

2015年南京師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解I.PhraseTranslation1.NATO【答案】北大西洋公約組織(NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization)2.GPS【答案】全球定位系統(tǒng)(GlobalPositioningSystem)3.IMF【答案】國際貨幣基金組織(InternationalMonetaryFund)4.PBOC【答案】中國人民銀行(People’sBankofChina)5.GMT【答案】格林威治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時間(GreenwichMeanTime)6.CBD【答案】中央商務(wù)區(qū)(CentralBusinessDistrict)7.APEC【答案】亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織(Asia-PacificEconomicCooperation)8.BBS【答案】電子布告欄系統(tǒng)(BulletinBoardSystem)9.IPO【答案】首次公開募股(initialpublicoffering)

10.OPEC【答案】石油輸出國組織(OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries)11.breakabutterflyonthewheel【答案】小題大做;殺雞用牛刀12.corporateincometax【答案】公司所得稅;企業(yè)所得稅13.opportunitycost【答案】機(jī)會成本14.Thereisnosmokewithoutfire.【答案】無風(fēng)不起浪15.Talkofthedevilandhecomes.【答案】說曹操,曹操到16.國內(nèi)市場【答案】domesticmarkets17.以人為本【答案】PutPeopleFirst;people-oriented18.土豆泥【答案】mashedpotato19.清潔能源【答案】cleanenergy

20.老齡化人口【答案】Agingpopulation21.與時俱進(jìn)【答案】advancewiththetimes;keeppacewiththetimes22.軍備競賽【答案】armsrace23.國際援助【答案】internationalaid;internationalassistance24.物以類聚,人以群分【答案】Birdsofafeatheroflocktogether.25.有其父必有其子【答案】Likefather,likeson.26.AA制【答案】GoingDutch27.航站樓【答案】terminal;airportterminal28.凡人皆有得意時?!敬鸢浮縀verydoghashisday.29.五環(huán)路【答案】5thRingRoad

30.一個中國原則【答案】OneChinaPrincipleII.PassagetranslationSectionA:EnglishtoChineseInthefirstplaceitisaperennial—ifnotinactualfact,atleastinthegreengrocer’sshop.Onthedayswhendessertisanamegiventoahandfulofchocolatesandalittlepreservedginger,whenmacédoinedefruitsisthetitlebestowedonsomeraisinsandtwoprunes,thentheorange,howeversour,comesnoblytotherescue;andonthoseotherdaysofplentywhencherriesandstrawberriesandkiwi-fruitsriottogetheruponthetable,theorange,sweeterthanever,isstilltheretoholditsown.Breadandrice,beefandmutton,eggsandmilk,arenotmorenecessarytoanorderedexistencethantheorange.Itiswellthatthecommonestfruitshouldbealsothebest.OfthevirtuesoftheorangeIhavenotroomfullytospeak.Ithaspropertiesofhealthgiving,asitcuresinfluenzaandestablishesthecomplexion.Itisclean,forwhoeverhandlesitonitswaytoyourtablebuthandlesitsoutercovering,itstopcoat,whichisleftinthehall.Itisround,andformsanexcellentsubstitutewiththeyoungforatinyfootball.Thepipscanbeflickedatyourenemies,andquiteasmallpieceofpeelmakesaslideforanoldgentleman.Butallthiswouldcountnothinghadnottheorangesuchdelightfulqualitiesofthetaste.Idarenotletmyselfgouponthissubject.Iamaslavetoitssweetness.Igrudgeeverymarriageinthatitmeansafreshsupplyoforangeblossom,thepromiseofsomuchgoldenfruitcutshort.However,theworldmustgoon.【參考譯文】在一年四季的水果中,我最為推崇的就是柑橘了。首先,柑橘一年四季都有的吃——即使其不是四季結(jié)果;至少在水果店里常年有售。一年中有些時日,幾塊巧克力和一點(diǎn)蜜餞生姜就被稱為餐

后的水果甜點(diǎn),兩塊梅脯加一片大黃便被冠以什錦果羹的美稱。此時,柑橘雖然仍酸澀未熟,便俠肝義膽地前來救急了。到了水果豐盛的季節(jié),當(dāng)櫻桃、草莓、木梅、醋栗爭相擠上餐桌時,比任何時候都更為甜美的柑橘卻依然堅(jiān)守在自己的崗位上。對于人們的日常生活而言,面包和黃油、牛肉和羊肉、雞蛋和咸肉都未必比得上柑橘那么必不可缺。這種最普通的水果恰恰就是最好的水果,這是我們的福氣。其優(yōu)點(diǎn)言之無盡。柑橘有益于健康,可以治療流感,可以滋養(yǎng)皮膚。柑橘干凈

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