福建師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語專業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解合集

目錄2010年福建師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解2011年福建師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解

2010年福建師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解I.Vocabularyandgrammar(30points,1.5pointsforeach)MultiplechoiceDirections:BeneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.Markyouranswersonyouranswersheet.1．Mr.Smithwill_____resigninviewofthecompletefailureoftheresearchproject.A.doubtfullyB.adequatelyC.presumablyD.reasonably【答案】C【解析】句意：鑒于史密斯先生這次在研究項(xiàng)目上徹底的失敗，他很有可能要辭職。presumably很可能，大概。doubtfully懷疑地，含糊地。adequately足夠地。reasonably合理地，有理性地。因此，本題的正確答案為C。2．Sheissosophisticatedthatsheremainsconfidentand_____untroubledbyourpresentproblems.A.indefinitelyB.infinitelyC.optimisticallyD.pessimistically

【答案】C【解析】句意：她非常的老練，遇到我們現(xiàn)在遭遇的問題她依舊自信，樂觀，不受干擾。optimistically樂觀地。樂觀地，與confident屬于同一個語義場。indefinitely無期限地。infinitely極其，非常。pessimistically悲觀地。因此，本題的正確答案為C。3．TheChineseRedCrossis_____theInternationalRedCross.A.blendedwithB.affiliatedwithC.adjacenttoD.pertinentto【答案】B【解析】句意：中國紅十字會隸屬于國際紅十字會。beaffiliatedwith隸屬于。beblendedwith與……混合在一起。beadjacentto與……毗鄰。bepertinentto與……相干。因此，本題的正確答案為B。4．Theauthoritieswill_____yourlicenseifyougetcaughtdrunkdriving.A.revokeB.restoreC.authorizeD.withdraw【答案】A【解析】句意：如果你酒駕被抓，當(dāng)局會撤銷你的駕駛證。revoke取消，撤銷，廢除（許可，法律、協(xié)議等）。restore恢復(fù)，復(fù)位。authorize批準(zhǔn)，許可。withdraw撤離。因此，本題的正確答案為A。

5．Oftensuchargumentshavetheeffectof_____ratherthanclarifyingtheissuesinvolved.A.compromisingB.obscuringC.tacklingD.prejudicing【答案】B【解析】句意：通常這樣的爭論只會讓問題模糊化，而不是解釋清楚牽涉的問題。obscure作動詞，意為“使模糊，使隱晦”。compromise妥協(xié)，和解。tackle解決問題。prejudice作動詞，意為“使懷有偏見”。因此，本題的正確答案為B。6．Morethan85percentofthepopulationinthatcountryspeaksFrenchasamothertongueand_____totheRomanCatholicfaith.A.ascribesB.subscribesC.adheresD.caters【答案】B【解析】句意：那個國家85%以上的人把法語當(dāng)成母語并且堅(jiān)持羅馬天主教的信仰。adhereto固守，堅(jiān)持，固執(zhí)（于……），粘附，附著，追隨，支持。ascribeto歸咎于，歸因于，把……歸屬于。subscribeto捐助，訂購（書籍等）。caterto對……提供所需的東西，迎合，供應(yīng)伙食。因此，本題的正確選項(xiàng)為B。7．SomeAmericancollegesarestate-supported,othersareprivately_____,andstillothersaresupportedbyreligiousorganizations.

A.enlightenedB.attributedC.authorizedD.endowed【答案】D【解析】句意：在美國，一些大學(xué)是國立的，一些大學(xué)時(shí)私人捐贈建立的，還有一些是宗教組織建立的。有題意可知，本題要選出同support同義的詞。endow（向?qū)W校等機(jī)構(gòu)）捐錢，資助。enlighten啟發(fā)，啟蒙。attribute把……歸因于。authorize批準(zhǔn)，授權(quán)。因此，本題的正確答案為D。8．Whenpeopleareaskedwhatkindofhousingtheyneedorwant,thequestion_____avarietyofanswers.A.defiesB.magnifiesC.mediatesD.evokes【答案】D【解析】句意：當(dāng)人們被問起他們需要什么樣的房子，這個問題引起了多種答案。evoke引起，喚起。defy違抗，反抗。magnify放大，增強(qiáng)。mediate調(diào)停，調(diào)解促成（協(xié)議）。因此，本題的正確答案為D。9．Afellingofsadness_____theatmosphereaftertheyheardthenewsoftheaircrash.A.scatteredB.permeated

C.shatteredD.overflowed【答案】B【解析】句意：人們聽到這場空難的消息后，悲傷的情緒在空氣中彌漫開來。permeate（氣體、液體）彌漫，（情緒）擴(kuò)散，感染。scatter撒，散播。shatter使破碎，使破裂。overflow漫出，溢出。因此，本題的正確答案為B。10．Theladyinthisstrangetaleveryobviouslysuffersfrommentalillness.Herplotagainstacompletelyinnocentolemanisasignof_____.A.impulseB.insanityC.inspirationD.disposition【答案】B【解析】句意：很明顯，這篇奇異故事中的女士有精神病，她對一位完全無辜的老人設(shè)置陰謀就體現(xiàn)了她的精神失常。insanity精神失常。impulse沖動，心血來潮。inspiration靈感。disposition性格，性情。因此，本題的正確答案為B。11．We’llbeverycarefulandkeepwhatyou’vetoldusstrictly_____.A.rigorousB.confidentialC.incredibleD.mysterious

【答案】B【解析】句意：我們會非常小心，嚴(yán)格保密你告訴我們的話。confidential保密的，機(jī)密的。rigorous細(xì)致的，謹(jǐn)慎的。incredible難以置信的，mysterious神秘的。confidential保密的，最符合語境。因此，本題的正確答案為B。12．Herman’ssuccessisduetohishardworkandhisabilityto_____planswhichwillgetworkdoneefficiently.A.fulfillB.elevateC.formulateD.paralyze【答案】C【解析】句意：赫爾曼的成功要?dú)w功于他的勤奮和制定高效工作計(jì)劃的能力。formulate制定，規(guī)劃，構(gòu)想。fulfill完成。elevate舉起，抬高，提拔。paralyze使麻痹。因此，本題的正確答案為C。13．Peterwas_____ofspeedingwhenhesawthepatrolmen.A.ontheedgeofB.onthewayofC.onthefringeofD.onthevergeof【答案】D【解析】句意：彼得在看到巡警的時(shí)候幾乎超速了。onthevergeof幾乎，差不多。ontheedgeof與onthefringeof同義，意為“在……邊緣”。onthewayof在……的路上，關(guān)于……的方法。因此，本題的正確答案

為D。14．Itisusuallyagreedthateconomiccontrolscan_____inflationbypreventingovertwageandpriceandpriceincreasesfromtakingplace.A.suppressB.impressC.compressD.depress【答案】A【解析】句意：多數(shù)人同意經(jīng)濟(jì)控制能夠通過阻止公開的工資和價(jià)格增長來抑制通貨膨脹。suppress抑制，壓制。impress給……留下印象。compress壓縮。depress使抑郁，降低（價(jià)格）。因此，本題的正確答案為A。15．_____,amanwhoexpresseshimselfefficientlyissuretosucceedmorerapidlythanamanwhosecommandoflanguageispoor.A.OtherthingsbeingequalB.WereotherthingsequalC.TobeequaltootherthingsD.Otherthinstobeequal【答案】A【解析】句意：在其它條件相同的情況下，一個能有效地表達(dá)自己的人比一個語言表達(dá)能力差的人更容易獲得成功。本題考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，A項(xiàng)為“otherthingsareequal”的獨(dú)立主格形式，being為非謂語。B項(xiàng)為虛擬語氣句，原型是“ifotherthingswereequal”，既然從句為虛擬語氣句，相應(yīng)的主句也應(yīng)該為虛擬語氣句，明顯與事實(shí)不符。C項(xiàng)為目的狀語從句，與原句邏輯不通。D項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)不對，不需要用將來時(shí)。因此，本題的

正確答案為A。16．Mostdoctorsrecognizethatmedicineis_____.A.anartasmuchitisascienceB.asmuchanartasitisascienceC.asanartasmuchitisascienceD.muchanartasitisascience【答案】B【解析】句意：大多數(shù)醫(yī)生都承認(rèn)醫(yī)學(xué)既是一門科學(xué)，也是一門藝術(shù)。本題考查asmuchas的用法。asmuchas意為“既……又……”時(shí)，用法有兩種，第一是asmuchas作為一個整體，第二種是asmuch+A+as+B，如It’sasmuchyourresponsibilityasmine.翻譯為“這既是你的責(zé)任，也是我的責(zé)任”。因此，本題的正確答案為B。17．_____thattheymayeventuallyreducetheamountoflaborneededonconstructionsitesby90percent.A.SocleveraretheconstructionrobotsB.SocleverconstructionrobotsareC.SuchconstructionrobotsarecleverD.Suchcleverconstructionrobotsare【答案】A【解析】句意：建筑機(jī)器人是如此的聰明，它們的建設(shè)最終可能減少90個百分點(diǎn)的地盤需要的勞動量。so/such結(jié)構(gòu)放在句首的時(shí)候要構(gòu)成部分倒裝。clever是形容詞所以要用so。socleveraretheconstructionrobot=theconstructionrobotsaresoclever。因此，本題的正確答案為A。18．Oncetheyhadfame,fortune,securefutures;_____isutterpoverty

A.nowthatallisleftB.nowallthatisleftC.nowallwhichisleftD.nowallwhatisleft【答案】B【解析】句意：他們曾經(jīng)有名望、有財(cái)富和有無慮的未來，而現(xiàn)在剩下的只是徹底的貧窮。all是個代詞,后跟定語從句，并且只能用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)，what不是關(guān)系代詞，不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。因此，本題的正確答案為B。19．Theyearsofpractice,ofdevelopingmyspecialtechnique,arejustaboutto_____.A.turnupB.figuredoutC.payoffD.clearaway【答案】C【解析】句意：多年的培養(yǎng)技能的練習(xí)終于快要得到回報(bào)了。payoff得到回報(bào)。turnup露面，被發(fā)現(xiàn)。figureout計(jì)算，弄明白。clearaway清除，收拾。因此，本題的正確答案為C。20．Becauseadegreefromagooduniversityisthemeanstoabetterjob,educationisoneofthemost_____areasinChineselife.A.sophisticatedB.competitive

C.contagiousD.superficial【答案】B【解析】句意：因?yàn)樵谥袊鴥?yōu)秀大學(xué)的學(xué)歷是通向一份好工作的途徑，因此，教育是中國人生活中競爭最激烈的領(lǐng)域之一。competitive競爭的。sophisticated見多識廣的，精密的。contagious接觸傳染的。superficial表面的，膚淺的。因此，本題的正確答案為B。II.Readingcomprehension(40points)Section1Multiplechoice(20points,2pointsforeach)Directions:Inthissectiontherearereadingpassagesfollowedbymultiple-choicequestions.Readthepassagesandthenmarkyouranswersonyouranswersheet.PassageAPersistentbullyingisoneoftheworstexperiencesachildcanface.Howcanitbeprevented?PeterSmith,ProfessorofPsychologyattheUniversityofSheffield,directedtheSheffieldAnti-BullyingInterventionProject,fundedbytheDepartmentforEducation.Herehereportsonhisfindings.Bullyingcantakeavarietyofforms,fromtheverbal—beingtauntedorcalledhurtfulnames—tothephysical—beingkickedorshoved—aswellasindirectforms,suchasbeingexcludedfromsocialgroups.AsurveyIconductedwithIreneWhitneyfoundthatinBritishprimaryschoolsuptoaquarterofpupilsreportedexperienceofbullying,whichinaboutoneintencaseswaspersistent.Therewaslessbullyinginsecondaryschools,withaboutoneintwenty-fivesufferingpersistentbullying,butthesecasesmaybeparticularlyrecalcitrant.Bullyingisclearlyunpleasant,andcanmakethechildexperiencingitfeelunworthyanddepressed.Inextremecasesitcanevenleadtosuicide,thoughthisisthankfullyrare.Victimizedpupilsaremorelikelytoexperience

difficultieswithinterpersonalrelationshipsasadults,whilechildrenwhopersistentlybullyaremorelikelytogrowuptobephysicallyviolent,andconvictedofanti-socialoffences.Untilrecently,notmuchwasknownaboutthetopic,andlittlehelpwasavailabletoteacherstodealwithbullying.Perhapsasaconsequence,schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.“Thereisnobullyingatthisschool”hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.Fortunatelymoreschoolsarenowsaying:“Thereisnotmuchbullyinghere,butwhenitoccurswehaveaclearpolicyfordealingwithit.”Threefactorsareinvolvedinthischange.Firstisanawarenessoftheseverityoftheproblem.Second,anumberofresourcestohelptacklebullyinghavebecomeavailableinBritain.Forexample,theScottishCouncilforResearchinEducationproducedapackageofmaterials,ActionAgainstBullying,circulatedtoallschoolsinEnglandandWalesaswellasinScotlandinsummer1992,withasecondpack,SupportingSchoolsAgainstBullying,producedthefollowingyear.InIreland,GuidelinesonCounteringBullyingBehaviorinPost-PrimarySchoolswaspublishedin1993.Third,thereisevidencethatthesematerialswork,andthatschoolscanachievesomething.Thiscomesfromcarefullyconducted“beforeandafter”evaluationsofinterventionsinschools,monitoredbyaresearchteam.InNorway,afteraninterventioncampaignwasintroducednationally,anevaluationofforty-twoschoolssuggestedthat,overatwo-yearperiod,bullyingwashalved.TheSheffieldinvestigation,whichinvolvedsixteenprimaryschoolsandsevensecondaryschools,foundthatmostschoolssucceededinreducingbullying.Evidencesuggeststhatakeystepistodevelopapolicyonbullying,sayingclearlywhatismeantbybullying,andgivingexplicitguidelinesonwhatwillbedoneifitoccurs,whatrecordswillbekept,whowillbeinformed,whatsanctionswillbeemployed.Thepolicyshouldbedevelopedthroughconsultation,overaperiodoftime—notjustimposedfromtheheadteacher’soffice!Pupils,parentsandstaffshouldfeeltheyhavebeeninvolvedinthepolicy,whichneedstobedisseminatedandimplementedeffectively.Otheractionscanbetakentobackupthepolicy.Therearewaysofdealingwiththetopicthroughthecurriculum,usingvideo,dramaandliterature.Theseareusefulforraisingawareness,andcanbestbetiedintoearlyphases

ofdevelopment,whiletheschoolisstartingtodiscusstheissueofbullying.Theyarealsousefulinrenewingthepolicyfornewpupils,orrevisingitinthelightofexperience.Butcurriculumworkalonemayonlyhaveshort-termeffects;itshouldbeanadditiontopolicywork,notasubstitute.Therearealsowaysofworkingwithindividualpupils,orinsmallgroups.Assertivenesstrainingforpupilswhoareliabletobevictimsisworthwhile,andcertainapproachestogroupbullyingsuchas“noblame”,canbeusefulinchangingthebehaviorofbullyingpupilswithoutconfrontingthemdirectly,althoughothersanctionsmaybeneededforthosewhocontinuewithpersistentbullying.Workintheplaygroundisimportant,too.Onehelpfulstepistotrainlunchtimesupervisorstodistinguishbullyingfromplayfulfighting,andhelpthembreakupconflicts.Anotherpossibilityistoimprovetheplaygroundenvironment,sothatpupilsarelesslikelytobeledintobullyingfromboredomorfrustration.Withthesedevelopments,schoolscanexpectthatatleastthemostseriouskindsofbullyingcanlargelybeprevented.Themoreeffortputinandthewiderthewholeschoolinvolvement,themoresubstantialtheresultsarelikelytobe.Thereductioninbullying—andtheconsequentimprovementinpupilhappiness-issurelyaworthwhileobjective.1．ArecentsurveyfoundthatinBritishsecondaryschools_____.A.therewasmorebullyingthanhadpreviouslybeenthecaseB.therewaslessbullyingthaninprimaryschoolsC.casesofpersistentbullyingwereverycommonD.indirectformsofbullyingwereparticularlydifficulttodealwith2．Childrenwhoarebullied_____.A.aretwiceaslikelytocommitsuicideastheaveragepersonB.finditmoredifficulttorelatetoadults

C.arelesslikelytobeviolentinlaterlifeD.mayhavedifficultyformingrelationshipsinlaterlife3．Thewriterthinksthatthedeclaration“Thereisnobullyingatthisschool”_____.A.isnolongertrueinmanyschoolsB.wasnotinfactmadebymanyschoolsC.reflectedtheschool’slackofconcernD.reflectedalackofknowledgeandresources4．WhatwerethefindingsofresearchcarriedoutinNorway?A.Bullyingdeclinedby50%afterananti-bullyingcampaign.B.Twenty-oneschoolsreducedbullyingasaresultofananti-bullyingcampaign.C.Twoyearsistheoptimumlengthforananti-bullyingcampaign.D.BullyingisalessseriousprobleminNorwaythanintheUK.5．Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A.Bullying:whatparentscandoB.Bullying:arethemediatoblameC.Bullying:thelinkwithacademicfailureD.Bullying:fromcrisismanagementtoprevention【答案與解析】1．B文章第1段提到“Therewaslessbullyinginsecondaryschools”，第1

段提到英國小學(xué)生中長期霸凌的概率是1/10，而英國中學(xué)生中長期霸凌的概率為1/25，由此可知，英國中學(xué)中的霸凌現(xiàn)象比小學(xué)的少。故選B。2．D文章第2段第3句提到“Victimizedpupilsaremorelikelytoexperiencedifficultieswithinterpersonalrelationshipsasadults”，由此可知，受霸凌的學(xué)生會在今后的成人生活中遇到人際交往的問題。故選D。3．D文章第4段開頭提到學(xué)校從不承認(rèn)校園霸凌到承認(rèn)的態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)變主要是有兩個原因：“Firstisanawarenessoftheseverityoftheproblem.Second,anumberofresourcestohelptacklebullyinghavebecomeavailableinBritain.”，由此可推測，之前學(xué)校不承認(rèn)校園霸凌的原因是校方缺乏意識和資源，故選D。文章第3段倒數(shù)第2句提到題中的說法是不正確的，故排除A、B。C項(xiàng)在文中沒有提及。故選D。4．A文章第4段倒數(shù)第2句提到“InNorway,afteraninterventioncampaignwasintroducednationally,anevaluationofforty-twoschoolssuggestedthat,overatwo-yearperiod,bullyingwashalved”，由此可知，在一場反霸凌運(yùn)動后，霸凌現(xiàn)象減少了一半，故A正確。B項(xiàng)錯在學(xué)校的數(shù)量，學(xué)校的數(shù)量應(yīng)為42。C項(xiàng)過度延伸題意，這場運(yùn)動持續(xù)了2年，但作者并沒有指出2年是最佳的時(shí)長。D項(xiàng)在文中沒有提及。故選A。5．D文章從第三段開始講述阻止校園霸凌現(xiàn)象的方法，由此可見全文大部分內(nèi)容與抑制校園霸凌的內(nèi)容有關(guān)，因此選擇D項(xiàng)。文章并未提到校園霸凌與父母、媒體以及學(xué)術(shù)的關(guān)系，故因此排除A、B、C。故選D。PassageBItisoverfivehundredyearssinceColumbus“discovered”America.Thecelebrationoftheanniversaryhasatleastproducedonebenefit.Ithassoeffectivelyfocusedontheworldwideproblemoftherightsofaboriginalpeoples.DevelopmentsinAmericademonstratetheproblemmoreclearlythananywhereelse.Thiswasawholecontinent,thepopulationofwhichinColumbus’sdaymayhavenumberedasmanyas100million.TodayonlyafractionoftheseIndianpeoplessurvive,andanytrulyIndianculturecanonlybefoundisolatedinsmallpockets.WhywastheIndianculturelessablethan

otherstoresisttheEuropeanpressure?AnyprocesseselsewhereresemblingtheoneinAmericahaveonlytakenplaceinmoremarginalareasoftheworld.Suchprocessesarecomplex,andthisisnottheplaceforamoredetailedanalysis.Whatisclear,however,isthatatcertaintimesandincertainplacesweareconfrontedbyadifferentforcefrominfectiousdiseasesandmortalityorthehaphazardoutcomeofwarsandrapacity,andthatisthesystemic“ethniccleansing”oftheaboriginalpopulation—betterknownasgenocide.Thereisamosturgentneedtodefinetherightsofaboriginalpeoplesandtorespectthoserightsinamannerwhichmakesitpossibletoliveinpeaceandmutualunderstanding.Tosucceedinthis,weneedpeoplelikeTurn.ForthisCommitteeitwasahappycoincidencethatitwaspreciselyintheyearofColumbusthatsheemergedassuchastrongcandidateforthisPrize.Tumchosetodedicateherselftopoliticalandsocialworkforherpeople.Shetellsusinherautobiographywhatadifficultchoiceitwasnottohaveafamily.Shewasengaged,shetellsus,andfeltanobligationtotheancestralprincipleofseekinghappinessnotonlyforoneselfbutforone’sfamily.Athreatofethniccleansingofcourselendsextraweighttosuchanobligation.Butshechoseotherwise.ShebecameanactivememberoftheCUC.ThensheparticipatedinthefoundingoftheorganizationcalledtheRevolutionaryChristians.“Weunderstood‘revolutionary’intherealmeaningoftheword:‘transformation’.IfIhadchosenthearmedstruggle,Iwouldbeinthemountainsnow.”O(jiān)wingtoherpoliticalactivity,shehashadtospendtwelveyearsinexileinMexico.InherbookAStrategyforPeace,theSwedish-AmericanmoralphilosopherSisselaBokdescribeswhatshecallsthe“pathologyofpartisanship”,orthebrutalizingeffectoftheuseofviolence.Whoevercommitsactsofviolencewilllosehishumanity.Thus,violencebreedsviolenceandhatebreedshate.ShequotestheEnglishpoetStephenSpender,whoexperiencedthisprocessinhimselfwhenhetookpartintheSpanishCivilWar.“ItwascleartomethatunlessIcaredabouteverymurderedchildimpartially,Ididnotcareaboutchildrenbeingmurderedatall.”Buthowcanonebreakoutoftheviciouscircleofthepathologyofpartisanship?Itiseasyenoughtokeepoutandcallfornon-violenceoranendtohatredwhenoneisnotoneselfconfrontedwiththeblindviolenceoftheotherside.Norisitindeedour

responsibilitytojudgeortocondemninsuchcases.Whatwecando,however,istopointtotheshiningindividualexamplesofpeoplewhomanagetopreservetheirhumanityinbrutalandviolentsurroundings,ofpersonswhoforthatveryreasoncompelourspecialrespectandadmiration.Suchpeoplegiveusahopethattherearewaysoutoftheviciouscircle.Tum’sautobiographyisanextraordinaryhumandocument.Itdescribescrueltyinsoberandmatter-of-factterms.Itsdrivingforceismoralindignation.Insomeconnections,shealsomentionsherhatredofthoseresponsiblefortheviolenceandrepression.Butatthesametime,theaccountreflectsadisarminghumanity.Almostgaily,shenotesfunnylittleconcretedetailsinanotherwiseruthlessexistence;withlove,shedescribesIndiancustoms.IknownobetterexampleofherdisarmingattitudethanherdescriptionhereinOslolastyearofhermeetingwithColonelRoderigues:“Wegreetedeachotherandexchangedafewwords.ThemanwhokilledmymothercongratulatedmeonmynominationfortheNobelPeacePrizeandcalleditanationalhonour.Irealizedthenthatatbottomweareallhumanbeings.Itwaslikemeetingadistantacquaintance.IhadafeelingofcalmasIspoketohim.”Itisstupidtomeettheworldwithtoomuchtrust,butevenmorestupidtomeetitwithtoolittle.ThegoalofTum’swork,asshehassaidonmanyoccasions;isreconciliationandpeace.Sheknows,betterthanmost,thatthefoundationsforfuturereconciliationarelaidinthemannerinwhichoneconductsone’sstruggle.Eveninthemostbrutalsituations,onemustretainone’sfaiththatthereisaminimumofhumanfeelingsinallofus.Tumpreservedthatfaith.ItiswiththedeepestrespectandinadmirationofhereffortsthattheNorwegianNobelCommitteetodayawardshertheNobelPeacePrize.6．ThepassageindicatesthatthemajorreasonforthedeclineoftheIndiacultureis_____.A.itsisolationfromotherculturesB.theinfluenceofinfectiousdiseasesC.theresultofavariceandcupidity

D.thegenocideoftheIndianpeople7．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.TumhasneverhatedColonelRoderigues.B.Wehavenotwellprotectedtherightsofaboriginalpeoples.C.Tumwasengagedbutdidnotgetmarried.D.StephenSpenderunderstoodthebrutalizingeffectofwar.8．Theauthorthinksthatonewaytobreakoutoftheviciouscircleofthepathologyofpartisanshipisto______.A.endhatredwhenoneisnotthevictimofviolenceB.condemnblindinstancesofviolenceorbrutalityC.preserveone’shumanityeveninbrutalsituationsD.meettheworldwithasmuchtrustaspossible9．TumisanadvocateofallthefollowingEXCEPT______.A.humanrightsB.armedstruggleC.non-violenceD.reconciliation10．ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatTumwouldviewhumanityasallthefollowingEXCEPT______.A.havingahatredofonlythosewhoareresponsibleforviolenceB.havingadisarmingattitudetowardsthoseresponsibleforrepression

C.havingthebeliefthatatbottomeveryoneofusisahumanbeingD.havingthefaiththatpeacefulstrugglewillleadtoreconciliation【答案與解析】6．D文章第一段倒數(shù)第4句提到“Whatisclear,however,isthat…betterknownasgenocide.”由此可知，印第安文化消失的主要原因是印第安種族的滅絕，故D表述正確。A、B、C都是印第安種族滅絕的原因，不具有概括性。故選D。7．A文章第4段提到“IknownobetterexampleofherdisarmingattitudethanherdescriptionhereinOslolastyearofhermeetingwithColonelRoderigues”從關(guān)鍵詞“disarmingattitude”可知，Tum對ColonelRoderigues消除了敵意，由此推測Tum曾經(jīng)恨過ColonelRoderigues，因此A錯誤，故選A。8．C文章第3段倒數(shù)第2句提到“Whatwecando,however,istopointtotheshiningindividualexamplesofpeoplewhomanagetopreservetheirhumanityinbrutalandviolentsurroundings”，由此可知，要想打破偏見病理的循環(huán)，我們要在殘忍的環(huán)境里依舊保持人道主義之心。故選C。9．B文章第4段中間提到“theaccountreflectsadisarminghumanity”，文章還多處提到Tum“disarmingattitude”說明Tum排斥武力，暴力，主張和平。因此B項(xiàng)不屬于Tum的觀點(diǎn)，故選B。10．A文章倒數(shù)第2段提到Tum曾對那些發(fā)動暴力有怨恨，但緊接著作者提到Tum的態(tài)度是消除敵意，因此B表述正確，A錯誤。C、D項(xiàng)在最后一段均有體現(xiàn)。故選A。Section2Answeringquestion(20points,4pointsforeach)Direction:ReadthefollowingpassageandthenanswerINCOMPLETESENTENCESthequestionswhichfolloweachpassage.Useonlyinformationfromthepassageyouhavejustreadandwriteyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceinyouranswersheet.Questions1-3

Anunexplainedandunprecedentedriseincarbondioxideintheatmospheretwoyearsrunninghasraisedfearsthattheworldmaybeonthebrinkofrunawayglobalwarming.Scientistsarebaffledwhythequantityofthemaingreenhousegashasleaptinatwo-yearperiodandareconcernedthattheEarth’snaturalsystemsarenolongerabletoabsorbasmuchasinthepast.Thefindingswillbediscussedtomorrowbythegovernment’schiefscientist,Dr.DavidKing,attheannualGreenpeacelecture.MeasurementsofCO2havebeencontinuousfor50yearsatMaunaLoaObservatory.12.000ftupamountaininHawaii,regardedasfarenoughawayfromanycarbondioxidesourcetobeareliablemeasuringpoint.InrecentdecadesCO2increasedonaverageby1.5partspermillion(ppm)ayearbecauseoftheamountofoil,coalandgasburnt,buthasnowjumpedtomorethan2ppmin2002and2003.AboveorbelowaveragerisesinCO2levelsintheatmospherehavebeenexplainedinthepastbynaturalevents.WhenthePacificwarmsupduringEINino,theamountofcarbondioxiderisesdramaticallyaswarmoceansemitCO2ratherthanabsorbit.ButscientistsarePuzzledbecauseoverthepasttwoyears,whentheincreaseshavebeen2.08ppmand2.5ppmrespectively,therehasbeennoEINino.CharlesKeeling,themanwhobegantheobservationsin1958,isnow74andstillworkinginthefield.Hesaidyesterday:“Theriseintheannualratetoabovetwopartspermillionfortwoconsecutiveyearsisarealphenomenon.Itispossiblethatthisismerelyareflectionofnaturaleventslikepreviouspeaksintherate,butitisalsopossiblethatitisthebeginningofanaturalprocessunprecedentedintherecord.”Analystsstressthatitistooearlytodrawanylong-termconclusions.ButthefearisthatthegreaterthannormalrisesinCO2emissionsmeanthatinsteadofdecadestobringglobalwarmingundercontrolwemayhaveonlyafewyears.Atworst,thefigurescouldbethefirstsignofthebreakdownintheEarth’sNATURALSYSTEMFORABSORBINGTHEGAS.Thatwouldheraldtheso-called“runawaygreenhouseeffect,”wheretheplanet’ssoaringtemperaturebecomesimpossibletocontain.OneofthepredictionsmadebyclimatescientistsintheintergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangeisthatastheEarthwarms,theabsorptionofcarbondioxidebyvegetation-knownas“carbonsink”—isreduced.Dr.Keelingsaid

sincetherewasnosignofadramaticincreaseintheamountoffossilfuelsbeingburntin2002and2003,therise“couldbeaweakeningoftheEarth’scarbonsinks,associatedwiththeworldwarming,aspartofaclimatechangefeedbackmechanism.Itisacauseforconcern.”TomBurke,visitingprofessoratImperialCollegeLondon,andaformerspecialadvisertotheformerToryenvironmentminister,warned:“We’rewatchingtheclockandtheclockisbeginningtotickfaster,likeitseemstobeforeabombgoesoff.”PeterCox,headoftheCarbonCycleGroupattheMetOffice’sHadleyCentreforClimateChange,saidtheincreaseincarbondioxidewasnotuniformacrosstheglobe.“Myguessisthattherewereextraforestfiresinthenorthernhemisphere,andparticularlyaveryhotsummerinEurope.”Dr.Coxsaid.“Thisledtoadie-backinvegetationandanincreaseinreleaseofcarbonfromthesoil,ratherthanmoregrowingplantstakingcarbonoutoftheatmosphere,whichisusuallythecaseinsummer.”Scientistshavedubbedthetwo-yearCO2risetheMaunaLoaanomaly.Dr.CoxsaidoneofitsmostinterestingaspectswasthattheCO2risesdidnottakeplaceinEINinoyears.Previouslytheonlyfiguresthatclimbedhigherthan2ppmwereEINinoyears.Theheatwaveoflastyearwhichclaimedatleast30,000livesacrosstheworldwassooutoftheordinarythatmanyscientistsbelieveitcouldonlyhavebeencausedbyglobalwarming.ButDrCoxisconcernedthattoomuchmightbereadintotwoyears’figures.“5or6yearsonthetrotwouldbeverydifficulttoexplain,”hesaid.Dr.PiersForster,seniorresearchfellowoftheUniversityofReading’sDepartmentofMeteorology,said:“ifthisisaratechange,ofcourseitwillbeverysignificant.Itwillbeofenormousconcern,becauseitwillimplythatallourglobalwarmingpredictionsforthenexthundredyearsorsowillhavetoberedone.”DavidHofmannoftheUSNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationcentre,whichalsostudiesCO2,wasmorecautious.“Idon’tthinkanincreaseof2ppmfortwoyearsinarowishighlysignificant—thereareclimaticperturbationsthatcanmakethisoccur,”hesaid.“Buttheabsenceofaknownclimaticeventdoesmaketheseyearsunusual.BasedonthosetwoyearsaloneIwouldsayitwastoosoontosaythatanewtrendhasbeenestablished,butitwarrantsclosescrutiny.”

1．Whyhasthechangeincarbondioxideintheatmosphereoverthepasttwoyearsraisedfearandconcernamongclimatescientists?2．ExplainbrieflyTomBurke’swarning“We’rewatchingtheclockandtheclockisbeginningtotickfaster,likeitseemstobeforeabombgoesoff.”(para.6)3．WhatarethemajorexplanationsforthechangeinCO2overthepasttwoyears?【答案與解析】1．Becauseinthepast,aboveorbelowaveragerisesinCO2levelsintheatmospherehavebeenexplainedbynaturaleventssuchasEINino.However,thistimewhiletherehasbeennoEINino,theCO2levelshaverisenunprecedentedly.Thusscientistsfearthatthismaybecausedbyglobalwarming.（文章開頭就提到科學(xué)家擔(dān)心過去兩年二氧化碳含量空前絕后的增高很有可能預(yù)示著全球變暖的開端。隨后第2、3段又繼續(xù)解釋原因，即往年二氧化碳高于平均水平的增加是因?yàn)樽匀皇录?，像厄爾尼諾。但過去這兩年并沒有出現(xiàn)過厄爾尼諾，因此科學(xué)家擔(dān)心原因可能是全球變暖到來了。）2．TomBurke’swarningmeansthatthesituationisbecomingmoreandmorepressing,maybequitesoonwe’llfinallyentertheageofglobalwarming.（定位至文章第6段，TomBurke形象地警示我們時(shí)鐘走得越來越快了，好像預(yù)示著一顆炸彈就要爆炸了。時(shí)鐘走得越來越快是在暗示我們的處境越來越危急，爆炸的炸彈這里指“全球變暖”，暗示著我們很可能真的要進(jìn)入全球變暖時(shí)代，這樣的話人類日后的處境會更加艱難。）3．First,theabsorptionofcarbondioxi