高考英語復習-第二部分-知識運用篇-專題4-語法填空-第3講-詞性轉換比較等級及名詞單復數市賽課公開

第二部分專題四語法填空知識利用篇有提醒詞填空第三講詞性轉換、比較等級及名詞單復數1/441技能突破3隨堂訓練2走出誤區(qū)4復習練案2/44技能突破3/44技法1：句子成份要記牢高考語法填空中，詞性轉換是必考考點之一，學會分析句子成份對解題非常有幫助。4/44典例導引(·全國卷Ⅰ)Thetitlewillbe______________(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.[解題思緒]①分析句子成份→空格處作狀語②依據所作成份→可判斷此處用副詞形式嘗試解答：__________officially5/44[技法解讀]1．看到提醒詞在名詞前作定語、在系動詞后作表語，或在賓語后作賓補，要想到用形容詞。2．看到提醒詞修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞，或整個句子作狀語時，要想到用副詞。3．看到提醒詞作主語或賓語或者在冠詞(a/an/the)、形容詞性物主代詞(my/his/their等)、指示代詞(this/that)、名詞全部格后，要想到用名詞。6/44①(·四川高考)Chinesescientists________(recent)hadachancetostudyawildfemalepandawithanewbornbaby.②(·全國卷Ⅱ)Recentstudiesshowthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks__________(regular)．③(·四川卷)Shewasavery_____________(care)mother.④(·全國卷Ⅱ)Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat________(slow)duringcoolnights，thuswarmingthehouse.recentlyregularlycaring/carefulslowly7/44⑤(·全國卷Ⅱ)Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty，whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir________(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.⑥(·安徽高考改編)Theygavemoneytotheoldpeople'shomeeither____________(person)orthroughtheircompanies.⑦(·廣東高考)________(lucky)，healsohadacowwhichproducedmikeeveryday.abilitypersonallyLuckily8/44技法2：構詞知識記準確英語構詞法中在詞根前面加前綴或在詞根后面加后綴，從而組成一個與原單詞意義相近或截然相反新詞。了解一些構詞法知識，會對高考語法填空產生極大幫助。9/44(·全國卷Ⅱ)Then，handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseof______________(achieve)．[解題思緒]①分析句子成份→空格處作賓語②依據所作成份→可判斷此處要用名詞形式嘗試解答：_____________achievement10/44[技法解讀]1．形容詞變副詞后綴分類示例以-le結尾形容詞，變-le為-lypossible→possibly，terrible→terribly，comfortable→comfortably，gentle→gently，simple→simply等以-y結尾形容詞，變-y為-ilyeasy→easily，angry→angrily，noisy→noisily，happy→happily，heavy→heavily，healthy→healthily等以“輔音＋e”結尾形容詞，加lyrudely，politely，widely，nicely，closely，completely等以“元音＋e”結尾形容詞，去e加lytrue→truly以ll結尾形容詞，加yfull→fully11/442.形容詞變名詞后綴后綴示例-ageshortadj.短缺→shortagen．不足；短缺-cyfluentadj.流利→fluencyn，流利；流暢-domwiseadj.聰明→wisdomn．明智；智慧-encedifferentadj.不一樣→differencen．差異-nessweakadj.虛弱→weaknessn．虛弱；弱點-thstrongadj.強壯→strengthn．力氣，強項-ydifficultadj.困難→difficultyn．困難-tysafeadj.安全→safetyn．安全-ityresponsibleadj.負責→responsibilityn．責任12/443.動詞變名詞后綴常見動詞變名詞后綴有-al，-ance，-ence，-ion，-tion，-ation，-(ss)ion，-ing，-ment，-ure，-ture，-y等。后綴示例-alapprovev．贊成，同意→approvaln．贊成，同意-anceappearvi.出現→appearancen．出現；外貌-ionattractvt.吸引→attractionn．吸引-mentachievevt.抵達，完成→achievementn．功勞；成就-yrecoverv．恢復→recoveryn．恢復；痊愈13/444.動詞、名詞變形容詞后綴常見動詞、名詞變形容詞后綴有-able，-al，-ful，-ed，-ing，-ible，-ive，-ous，-some，-y，-ern，-ish等。后綴示例-ableacceptvt.接收→acceptableadj.可接收-edconfusevt.使迷惑→confusedadj.感到迷惑-ingconvincevt.說服，使信服→convincingadj.令人信服-fulforgetvt.忘記→forgetfuladj.健忘-alnaturen．自然→naturaladj.自然-ibleaccessn．進入，使用權，通路→accessibleadj.輕易取得-ouscautionn．慎重→cautiousadj.慎重14/445.表示否定或相反意義前綴和后綴常見表示否定或相反意義前綴和后綴有dis-，il-，im-，in-，ir-，mis-，un-，-less等。前綴示例dis-advantagen．優(yōu)勢→disadvantagen．缺點il-legaladj.正當→illegaladj.不正當in-convenientadj.方便→inconvenientadj.不方便ir-regularadj.有規(guī)律→irregularadj.沒規(guī)律mis-leadvt.引導→misleadadj.誤導un-willingadj.愿意→unwillingadj.不愿意15/446.變動詞前綴和后綴前綴和后綴示例en-ableadj.有能力→enablevt.使能夠-ensharpadj.尖→sharpenvt.使尖銳-ifysimpleadj.簡單→simplifyvt.簡化-izeapologyn．道歉→apologizev．道歉16/44①(·全國卷Ⅰ)Butfortouristslikeme，pandasareitstop________(attract)．②(·全國卷Ⅲ)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius，wholivedfromroughly551to479B．C.，influencedthe___________(develop)ofchopsticks.③(·全國卷Ⅱ)As________(nature)architects，thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.attractiondevelopmentnatural17/44④(·全國卷Ⅰ)Formostofusthechangesaregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork，likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe________(patience)．⑤(·遼寧高考)Icannotcontrolmybodywell，Mylegsbecome________(pain)．⑥(·廣東四校聯考)Ofcourse，theshow'sdirectoragreed________(happy)．patientpainfulhappily18/44技法3：名詞復數切莫忘假如給提醒詞是名詞，未必就一定是考詞性轉換，有時也會考名詞復數形式。19/44(·全國卷Ⅰ)Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew______________(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle－fed，theotheriswithmum.[解題思緒]①分析句子成份→此處使用名詞形式②依據空前few→確定該空用名詞復數形式嘗試解答：________days20/44[技法解讀]1．看到一個以上人或物，如名詞在不定代詞few，afew，other，all，both，many，several等后時，要想到用復數形式。2．看到用來表示祝福、禮貌和客氣名詞，要想到用復數形式，如congratulations，regards，respects，thanks，wishes，requests，apologies等。3．看到謂語動詞為復數形式，要想到作主語名詞用復數形式。4．注意一些不規(guī)則改變名詞復數，如child→children;man→men，tooth→teeth；foot→feet；woman→women等。21/44①(·全國卷Ⅱ)Recent________(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.②(·四川高考)Anysmellmightattractnatural________(enemy)thatwouldtrytoeatthelittlepanda.③(·全國卷Ⅰ)Whilethereareamazingstoriesofinstanttransformation，formostofusthe________(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork.studiesenemieschanges22/44④(·青島一模)Thesetwo____________(discover)providehumankindwithanewwaytofightthesediseasesthataffecthundredsofmillionsofpeopleannually.⑤(·濰坊一模)Importantlanguagepoints，grammarrules，useful____________(express)andkeywordsarewhatwewanttotakedown.⑥Theytookmany________(photo)whentheyvisitedChina.discoveriesexpressionsphotos23/44技法4：比較等級細思量假如給提醒詞是形容詞，未必就一定是考詞性轉換，有時也會考形容詞比較等級。24/44(·全國卷Ⅱ)Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork，youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(識別)thoseof________________(great)andlessimportance.[解題思緒]①分析句子成份一句子缺乏定語②依據空格后標志詞less→可判斷此處用比較級形式嘗試解答：________greater25/44[技法解讀]1．若是二者之間相比，且空格后有than，要想到用形容詞或副詞比較級。2．若看到the＋比較級位于句首，要想到有可能考查“the＋比較級……，the＋比較級……”句型。3．若是三者或三者以上比較，后面有表示范圍短語或從句，要想到用形容詞或副詞最高級。4．若看到“oneofthe＋_____________＋復數名詞”，要想到有可能考查“oneofthe＋最高級＋復數名詞”句型。26/44①(·遼寧高考)The________(hard)youtrytobeathim，themorelikelyyouwillgethit.②(·廣東高考)Afterourplanelanded，wewenttothehotel.Wehadmadeourreservationsixmonths________(early)，butthemanatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.③(·四川高考改編)Andyiscontentwiththetoy，Itisthe________(good)hehasevergot.④(·全國卷改編)Raymond'sparentswantedhimtohavethe________(good)possibleeducation.harderearlierbestbest27/44第一步，確定空缺處所填詞詞性普通來說，名詞在句中作主語、賓語或表語。動詞在句中普通作謂語。形容詞在句中作定語，修飾名詞作表話，位于系動詞后；或作賓語補足語。副詞普通在句中修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子作狀語。第二步，對所填詞進行轉換正確使用前綴和后綴。普通來說，前綴只改變詞意義，不改變其詞性；后綴改變詞性，而不引發(fā)詞義改變。第三步，確定所填詞能讓整個句子意義連貫通順提醒：假如提醒詞為形容詞或副詞，有時是考查詞反義形式或形容詞或副詞比較等級；假如提醒詞為名詞，有時是考查名詞單復數。28/44走出誤區(qū)29/44易錯點1詞性把握不準①(·赤峰一模)Finally，whenwefinishedourwork______________(success)，shegaveeachofusabighug.②(母題變式)Finally，whenwefinishedourworkina___________(success)way，shegaveeachofusabighug.③(母題變式)Finally，whenwe______________(success)infinishingourwork，shegaveeachofusabighug.successfullysuccessfulsucceeded30/44

[點撥]句①中此空修飾動詞finish，故要用該詞副詞形式；句②中此空修飾名詞way，故要用該詞形容詞形式；句③中此空在句中作謂語，故填動詞形式。31/44易錯點2形對意不對①(·湖州二模)Therichmanwas____________(will)toofferanyhelp，whichgreatlyupsetallthepeoplepresent.②(母題變式)Therichmanwasnot____________(will)toofferanyhelp，whichgreatlyupsetallthepeoplepresent.unwillingwilling32/44

[點撥]句①中空格在be動詞后，故用形容詞形式。句意：這位富人(不愿意)提供任何幫助，這使在場人非常失望。依據句意，可判斷此詞用否定形式。句②中空格在be動詞后，故要用該詞形容詞形式。句意：這位富人不(愿意)提供任何幫助，這使在場人非常失望。依據句意可判斷，此詞用必定形式。33/44隨堂訓練34/44Ⅰ.單句練習?Theyarealwaysgatheringintheirwinterfoodinthemiddleofsummerandtheyaremaking______________(prepare)forthelongcoldwinter.?(·廣東高考)Butsuchasmallthingcouldn't___________(possible)destroyavillage.?(·福建高考改編)ltwas_____________(consider)ofMichaeltoinformusofhisdelayincasewegotworried.?Howbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverhearda_________(good)voice.preparationspossiblyconsideratebetter35/44?(·湖北高考改編)Thegirlusedtobeshy，butis___________(gradual)gettingactiveingroupworkandismorewillingtoexpressherself.?(·萊蕪一模)Everythingthatisaboutacharactercanhelpustounderstandhim，fromhis_____________(appear)tothekindoffoodheeats.?(·臨沂二模)In1971，afternearlytwohundred________(failure)，Tu'steamfinallyfoundanextractthatwas100%effectiveagainstthemalariaparasites-artemisinin.graduallyappearancefailures36/44Ⅱ.易錯練習?(·?？谝荒?Theyhopeitmightreduce，or________(possible)erase(抹去)theeffectofpainfulmemories.?(·衡水二模)Peoplearen'talwaysthosewhotheydeclaretobeintheironline_____________(describe)．?Onourwayhome，thejourneywasmuch________(easy)thanbeforeaseveryoneelsefellfastasleep.?Boxingwasthesportthatlliked________(much)，becauseit'smorechallengingandexcitingtome.possiblydescriptioneasiermost37/44?Sleepshouldalwaysbeenoughtomakeonebringbackhis________(strong)andgetreadyforaday'swork.?Whenevertherearefestivalsorhappyevents，peopleofallageswill________(happy)jointhedance.strengthhappily38/44Ⅲ.語篇練習：用詞性轉換成比較等級形式填空。Hopeiswhatmakesone'slifemoveforward.Settinggoalsforoneselfisfine，buttheyare1._____________(possible)toreachwithouthope.Manypeople2.__________(belief)thathopeiswhatcreatesdisappointment.Whatasadbeliefthatis!In3.________(real)，hopeprovidesonewiththeabilitytosee4.________(succeed)inone'smindandthestreng