模塊三第6講情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣學(xué)案含解析

第6講情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣Ⅰ.語(yǔ)法填空1.(2019·江蘇高考)Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orwewouldhavehad(have)agoodtimetogether.

2.(2018·江蘇高考)Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishIhad(have)asecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.Ⅱ.完成句子1.(2020·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Iwishthatspeakerhadspokenlonger(那個(gè)演講者說(shuō)得再長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)).

2.(2019·天津高考)Mary’sdescriptionofthepartywassovividthatIfeltasifIhadbeenthere(好像我在那里一樣).

3.(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Asakid,Ilovedtowatchcartoons,butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchthem,myparentswouldnotletme(不讓我去).

語(yǔ)法填空二謹(jǐn)記1.若句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為原形,在其前設(shè)純空格題時(shí),注意考慮情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。然后根據(jù)句意或句式結(jié)構(gòu)填入恰當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞;2.一旦判斷所給動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ),就要考慮其時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣、主謂一致等。注意虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的時(shí)態(tài),除了if虛擬條件句,還應(yīng)注意虛擬語(yǔ)氣的標(biāo)志詞,如suggest,wouldrather,asif,wish,otherwise,or,butfor等。一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+原形:除了表示現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間外,還可以表示將來(lái),說(shuō)明動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生。如:※Youcangonowbutyou’dbettercomeearliertomorrow.2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+bedoing:表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生。如:※Yourmothermaybewaitingforyoutoreturnhome.※Hemustbeplayingfootballontheplaygroundnow.3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone:(1)表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè):※Hemusthavestartedwritinghisbookalongtimeago.(2)表示過(guò)去“該做而沒(méi)做”“能做而沒(méi)做”“可做而沒(méi)做”等含義,與過(guò)去事實(shí)不符或相反?！鵌shouldhavegonethismorningbutIwasfeelingabitill.4.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+done※Pupilsshouldbehelpedtoadoptapositiveapproachtotheenvironment.?？记閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法1.can(1)表示能力,一般譯為“能、會(huì)”,尤其指生來(lái)具備的能力?！鵆anyouspeakEnglish?(2)表示許可,常在口語(yǔ)中。(3)表示推測(cè),意為“可能”,常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中,此時(shí)can’t譯為“不可能”?！鵆anthenewsbetrue?※Themooncan’talwaysbefull.2.could(1)can的過(guò)去式,意為“能、會(huì)”,表示過(guò)去的能力?！鵌didn’tknowifIcouldraiseachildbymyself.(2)could在疑問(wèn)句中,表示委婉請(qǐng)求的語(yǔ)氣,此時(shí)could沒(méi)有過(guò)去式的意思?！鵆ouldyougivemesomeadviceonthebestwaytodothis?3.may(1)表示請(qǐng)求、許可,比can正式。※MayIuseyourcomputer?(2)表示推測(cè),談?wù)摽赡苄?意為“可能,或許”,一般用于肯定句中。※Ithinkhemaybereadyforasleepsoon.(3)may的過(guò)去式為might。might也可以表示可能性低于may(此時(shí)might沒(méi)有過(guò)去式的意思)?！鵋esaidhemightnotbebackuntiltonight.(4)表示希望、祈求、祝愿,常可譯為“祝愿”。通常是用may+主+v.?！鵐ayallofourwishescometruethisValentine’sDay.4.must(1)must表示主觀看法,意為“必須”?！鵚emustbehonestandfaithfultothepeople.(2)對(duì)must引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句,肯定回答為must,否定回答為needn’t或don’thaveto。※—MustIgotheretoday?—Yes,youmust.—No,youneedn’t.(3)must也可以表示有把握的推測(cè),意為“一定,肯定”,用于肯定句?！鵋emustbewaitingforus.(4)其否定形式mustn’t表示“禁止,不許”。※Wemustn’tletthewaterruntowaste.【點(diǎn)津】其反意疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成形式:當(dāng)must表示肯定的判斷、推測(cè)時(shí),其反意疑問(wèn)句要用實(shí)際問(wèn)句的助動(dòng)詞來(lái)構(gòu)成。※Hemustbegoodatmaths,isn’the?※Youmusthavetoldheraboutit,haven’tyou?5.need(1)need表示需要,主要用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中,其否定形式為needn’t,意為“不必”。用need提問(wèn)時(shí),肯定回答為must,否定回答為needn’t或don’thaveto?！狽eedIgowithyou?—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t.(2)need還可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,此時(shí)有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,如果是人作主語(yǔ),后面多接動(dòng)詞不定式?！鵄dultsneedtolivetheirownlivesandthat’sdifficultwithchildren.【點(diǎn)津】如果是物作主語(yǔ),一般用needdoing與needtobedone,這種情況下應(yīng)注意兩點(diǎn):①主動(dòng)形式的動(dòng)名詞doing具有被動(dòng)的含義;②該動(dòng)名詞可以改為其動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式而句子的意義不變。※Thecarneedswashing.=Thecarneedstobewashed.6.daredare意為“敢、敢于”,用法近似于need,有兩種詞性:(1)dare作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,多用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句或條件句中,無(wú)第三人稱單數(shù)形式,只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。※Howdareyoupickupthephoneandlisteninonmyconversations!※Mostpeoplehatehim,buttheydon’tdaretosayso,becausehestillrulesthecountry.(2)dare作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,此時(shí)有人稱、數(shù)及時(shí)態(tài)的變化?！鵐yboyfrienddoesn’tdaretoholdmyhandinpublic.【點(diǎn)津】口語(yǔ)中,dare的各種形式常與不帶to的不定式連用?！鵇oyoudaretellhimwhatIsaid?7.shall(1)shall表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)(多用于第一、三人稱)(2)shall表示命令、允諾(多用于第二、三人稱)※IshalldoallIcantoputthematterright.※Youshallhaveacomputerifyouareadmittedtoakeyuniversity.8.should(1)should意為“應(yīng)該”,可表示勸告、建議、義務(wù)、責(zé)任等?！鵚eshoulddoeverythingwecantomaintainworldpeace.(2)shouldhavedone意為“本應(yīng)該做某事而沒(méi)做”,表示對(duì)過(guò)去動(dòng)作的責(zé)備、批評(píng)。※IshouldhavegonethismorningbutIwasfeelingabitill.9.willwill表示意愿、意志、打算,可用于多種人稱?！鵌fyouwillundertaketheaffair,Ishallbeverygrateful.表示“推測(cè)”的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1.can表示對(duì)具體事物的推測(cè)時(shí)一般用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句?！鵗heycan’tbelieveyoucanevenholdaconversation.【點(diǎn)津】can表推測(cè)用于肯定句時(shí),不能指對(duì)具體事物的推測(cè),而是表示事物的屬性特征?！鵈venanexperiencedclimbercangetintotrouble.2.must表示肯定的推測(cè),一般用于肯定句中?！鵗hecomputerdoesn’twork.Theremustbesomethingwrongwithit.3.might表示推測(cè)時(shí)不一定是may的過(guò)去式,只是表示其可能性比may小?！鵌fyoulookatthemoon,youmay/mighthavemanyquestionstoask.4.could表示推測(cè)時(shí),語(yǔ)氣比can弱?！鵖hecouldbeinLondonorParisorTokyo—nobodyknows.5.should表示推測(cè)的可能性比較大,表示有依據(jù)或有前提的推測(cè),僅比must的可能性小一點(diǎn)。意為“按說(shuō)應(yīng)該……”?！鵌wonderwhat’shappenedtoAnnie.Sheshouldbeherebynow.小題快練Ⅰ.用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞填空(必要時(shí)用否定形式)①Lifeisunpredictable;eventhepoorestmay/canbecometherichest.

②YoumustbeJason.Youhaven’tchangedabitafteralltheseyears.③Asthedeadlineisdrawingnear,nooneshallleavewithhisownworkuncompleted.④—Ican’tthankyouenoughforwhatyouhavedoneforme.

—You’rewelcome.⑤Myroomisamess,butIneedn’tcleanitbeforeIgoouttonight.Icandoitinthemorning.⑥Mayyousucceed!Ⅱ.完成句子①Weneedn’tdosomuchhomework(不必做這么多的家庭作業(yè)).Therefore,wehavemoretimeforafter-schoolactivities.

②Inmyopinion,bydoingpart-timejobs,collegestudentscangainsomesocialexperience(能獲得一些社會(huì)經(jīng)驗(yàn))andbroadentheiroutlooks.

③Youshallfail(你會(huì)失敗)ifyoudon’tworkhard.

④WheneverImademistakesandfeltdiscouraged,myteacherandmyclassmateswouldhelpmefigureouthowIcouldhaveavoidedthem(本可以避免那些錯(cuò)誤).

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+過(guò)去分詞1.can/could/may/mighthave+donesth.表示過(guò)去,推測(cè)過(guò)去時(shí)間里可能發(fā)生過(guò)的事情?！鵖houldyoulookatwhatyoucouldhavedonebetterandlearnfromitsoyoucanimprove?※Someonemighthaveguessedoursecretandpassediton.2.musthave+donesth.對(duì)過(guò)去時(shí)間里可能發(fā)生過(guò)的事情的推測(cè),語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng),意為“肯定/一定做過(guò)某事”?！鵆hinamusthavedonesomethingsupremelyrighttoproducetheeconomicmiracleweobserve.3.should/oughttohavedonesth.本應(yīng)該做某事,而事實(shí)上并沒(méi)有做。否定句表示“不該做某事而做了”。※Shereallyoughttohaveretiredlongago,butshe’sstillworking.※Wereallyshouldn’thavelethimgoswimmingbyhimself.4.needn’thavedonesth.本沒(méi)必要做某事卻做了?！鵌needn’thavewrittentohimbecausehephonedmeshortlyafterwards.5.wouldliketohavedonesth.過(guò)去本想做某事而沒(méi)做。※Iwouldliketohavereadthearticle,butIwasverybusythen.小題快練用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone填空①Harryisfeelinguncomfortable.Hemusthavedrunk(drink)toomuch.

②—Sorry,Mum!Ifailedthejobinterviewagain.—Oh,it’stoobad.Youshouldhavemade(make)fullpreparations.

③Wecouldhavefaced(face)thedifficultytogether,butwhydidn’tyoutellme?

④Georgecan’thavegone(notgo)sofar.Hiscoffeeisstillwarm.

二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法條件句有真實(shí)條件句和虛擬條件句兩種。真實(shí)條件句所表示的假設(shè)是有可能發(fā)生的,此時(shí)主句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣;而虛擬條件句則表示一種假想,與事實(shí)相反或不大可能會(huì)發(fā)生,此時(shí)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在if條件句中的運(yùn)用類別從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反過(guò)去式(be用were)should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反had+過(guò)去分詞should/would/could/might+have+過(guò)去分詞與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反過(guò)去式(be用were)should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形should+動(dòng)詞原形wereto+動(dòng)詞原形※Iftherewerenoair,wecouldn’tlive.※Iftherehadbeennoairinthetube,theresultoftheexperimentwouldhavebeenmoreaccurate.※Ifheweretocometomorrow,thingswouldbeeasier.2.虛擬條件句中的省略與倒裝如果虛擬條件句中含有were/had/should,可把if省略,把were/had/should提到主語(yǔ)之前形成倒裝;若為否定形式,not不可提前?！鵖houlditraintomorrow,whatwouldyoudo?※Weretherenofriction,wecouldnotwalk.※Hadweknownaboutthenewmethod,weshouldhaveapplieditearlier.3.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句有時(shí)條件句的動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致,這時(shí)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它們各自表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整?！鵌fIhadmethimbefore,Icouldrecognizehim.4.含蓄條件句(1)有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況不用條件句表達(dá),而是用butfor,without等介詞(短語(yǔ))或上下文來(lái)表示?！鵚ithoutair,therewouldn’tbelivingthingsintheworldnow.(2)用otherwise,or等暗示后文與前面的情況相反,從而引出后文的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。※Heremindedmeofthat,otherwise,Iwouldhaveforgottenit.(3)虛擬條件通過(guò)but暗示出來(lái),結(jié)構(gòu)為“虛擬情況+but+真實(shí)情況”?！鵖hewouldhavecometoseeyou,butshewassobusythatday.使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)或從句1.wish與hope后接賓語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:hope表示一般可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望,賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。wish表示很難或不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望,賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如:※IwishIwereastallasyou.※Hewishedhehadn’tsaidthat.※Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.2.ifonly與Iwish一樣,也用于表示與事實(shí)相反的愿望,其后所接的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的時(shí)態(tài)與wish后所接時(shí)態(tài)的情況相同。如:※IfonlyIhadlistenedtomyparents!3.Iwouldrather后句子用虛擬語(yǔ)氣只分現(xiàn)在和過(guò)去,表示“寧愿做什么”。如:※I’dratheryouwenttomorrow(now).※I’dratheryouhadn’tsaidit.4.以asif(asthough)引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句,有時(shí)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,則與wish用法相同。如:※Theteachertreatsthepupilasifhewereherownchild.從句中用(should+)動(dòng)詞原形的用法1.在forfearthat(以免),incase(以防)引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣?！鵚ehadameetingandtalkedthematteroverfacetofaceforfearthatthereshouldbeanymisunderstanding.2.在表示“堅(jiān)持”“命令”“建議”“要求”等后的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。這類動(dòng)詞可歸納為“一個(gè)堅(jiān)持(insist)、兩個(gè)命令(order,command)、三個(gè)建議(advise,suggest,propose)、四個(gè)要求(demand,require,request,ask)”。如:※MyfamilyinsistedthatIshouldnotgivein,butstayandfight.※Hecommandedthatroads(should)bebuilttolinkcastlesacrosstheland.※IsuggestedtoMikethatwe(should)gooutforamealwithhiscolleagues.3.在order,suggestion,idea,plan,proposal,advice,demand等名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句中用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如:※Theordercamethatthemedicalsupplies(should)besenttotheearthquake-strickenareasoon.It’s(about/high)timethat+主語(yǔ)+did/should...It’s(about/high)time后的從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或should+動(dòng)詞原形,此處should不能省略,意為“(早)該干某事了”。如:※It’stime(that)wewenttobed.※It’shightimethatweshouldtakeactiontoprotectthewaterresources.小題快練①Ifwehadtaken(take)anotherroad,wewouldn’thavebeenstuckinthetrafficjamforsolong.

②IwishIhadbeen(be)atmysister’sweddinglastTuesday,butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.

③Itishightimethatyouconsidered/shouldconsider(consider)thatiftherewerenostressinyourlife,youwouldachievealittle.

④Itisluckywebookedaroom,orwewouldhave(have)nowheretostaynow.

⑤Theymetforthefirsttime,buttheytalkedhappilyasiftheyhadbeen(be)goodfriendsforalongtime.

⑥AsFatherandMotherthoughtitwasabigoccasionforme,theysuggestedI(should)hold(hold)abirthdaypartyathometocelebrateit.

Ⅰ.語(yǔ)法填空Accordingtoarecentstudy,plantsareabletomakeintelligentdecisions.Theyarealot1._________(smart)thanwethought.Scientistshavediscoveredthatthepeaplantcanmakedecisionsonhow2._________(survive)best,eventhoughitdoesnothaveabrain.Researchersgrewseveralpeaplantsthathadtheirroots3._________(separate)betweentwopots.Eachpotcontaineddifferentamountofnutrients.Onepotalwayshadthesameamount,4._________theotherpotvariedbetweenalotandalittle.Theplantsturnedouttobe5._________(amaze)consistent(一致的)atturningtheirrootstothepotwiththemostnutrients.

ResearcherAlexKacelniksaystheexperimentraisesaquestion,notaboutplants,6._________aboutanimalsandhumans.Hewonderswhetherthepeaplantismoreefficientinusingitslimitedresourcesabout7._________(make)decisionsthanhumans.Hesays,“Wehaveaverywonderfulbrain,butmaybemostofthetimewe’renotusing8._________.”ProfessorKacelnikdoesnotthinkthatpeaplantsareintelligentinthehumansense,butthattheyexhibitcomplex9._________(behave)toefficientlytakeadvantageofnaturalopportunities.Itwillbeinterestingtoseehowourliveswouldbedifferentifwe10.【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文主要講了最新研究表明植物能做出最有利于自己生存的決定,植物要遠(yuǎn)比我們想象的聰明。1.【解析】smarter?？疾楸容^級(jí)。根據(jù)后面的thanwethought可確定,這里需要使用比較級(jí),所以填smarter。2.【解析】tosurvive?？疾槌Ｓ媒Y(jié)構(gòu)?！耙蓡?wèn)詞+不定式”作賓語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)從句,所以填tosurvive。3.【解析】separated?？疾楣潭ńY(jié)構(gòu)。“它們的根”和“分開(kāi)”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用havesth.done結(jié)構(gòu),填separated。4.【解析】while。考查連詞。表示“然而”,所以填while。5.【解析】amazingly。考查副詞。修飾形容詞consistent,用副詞,所以填amazingly。6.【解析】but?？疾楣潭ň湫?。not...but...不是……而是……,是固定句型,所以填but。7.【解析】making?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。介詞about之后用名詞性質(zhì)的詞作賓語(yǔ),故此處用v.-ing形式,所以填making。8.【解析】it?？疾榇~。指代前面的averywonderfulbrain,故用it。9.【解析】behavior?？疾槊~。作exhibit的賓語(yǔ),用名詞形式,所以填behavior。10.【解析】adopted。考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況,其句型為“If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(be動(dòng)詞用were),主語(yǔ)+would/could/might/should+動(dòng)詞原形”,所以填adopted。Ⅱ.語(yǔ)段填空Highschoolisconsidered(被認(rèn)為)themostimportantstage.Asaseniorthreestudent,itwillnotbelongbeforeIgraduate.NowIhavemanythingstosharewithmyfellows(與同伴分享).Firstofall,I’dliketoexpressmythankstothosewholentmeahand(幫了我一把)whenIwasdisappointed.Itwastheirkindnessthathelpedmeregainmyself-confidenc