中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)-專題16 短文填空（首字母自由填空選詞雜糅）（講練）（含答案與解析）

專題16短文填空（首字母，選詞填空，自由填詞，雜糅）短文填空是中考英語試卷最難題目之一，它的分值是10-15分，分為10個(gè)小題。短文填空一般在一篇200~250字左右的故事性短文中挖出10個(gè)空，要求學(xué)生通讀短文，并根據(jù)上下文來補(bǔ)全短文，每空只能填一個(gè)單詞。主要考九大詞類（名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞、連詞、冠詞）。該題旨在測(cè)試考生的英語閱讀理解能力和簡(jiǎn)單的書面表達(dá)能力，看其是否能夠運(yùn)用所學(xué)過的英語知識(shí)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的書面交流，從而達(dá)到既考查學(xué)生的語言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，又考查他們的觀察能力、聯(lián)想能力以及對(duì)語言的綜合運(yùn)用能力。為了答好短文填空題目，我們要打好基礎(chǔ)關(guān)。這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)關(guān)既包括1600個(gè)單詞，300多個(gè)短語以及一部分常用句型和習(xí)慣用語的意思和用法，也包括各種詞的詞形變化?？枷?短文填空之選詞填空（2023·廣東）請(qǐng)從方框內(nèi)選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使文章完整連貫。注意每空一詞，每詞僅用一次，有兩詞為多余項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)將答案寫在答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答題位置上。iteitherbebecausewhatelsebyinventcleanpopularhabithundredThereisasmallthingweuseeveryday.Weusuallyput____1____inthebathroom.Withoutit,wemighthavetoothproblems.Canyouguess____2____itis?Yes,it’sthetoothbrush.Butdoyouknowanythingaboutitshistory?Accordingtosomeresearch,beforetoothbrushesappeared,theancientChinesepeople____3____theirteethwithsomesmalltreebranches(樹枝).About800yearsago,peoplemadeakindofbrusheswithpighairandbamboo.Itmight____4____theworld’searliestformoftoothbrushes.Astimewent____5____,theformsoftoothbrusheschanged.Forexample,peoplechosehorse-tailhairinsteadofpighair____6____pighairwastoohard.Imaginethatyoutravelbackto____7____ofyearsagoandbrushyourteethcomfortably.Itsoundsfantastic,doesn’tit?Aroundthe15thcentury,theChinesetoothbrushfounditswayintoEurope.Itbecame____8____amonglocalpeoplesoon.The____9____oftoothbrusheswasnotasfamousasthatofpaper-making,butitwasveryusefulindailylife.Todaywehaveagood____10____ofbrushingteeth.WeshouldthanktheancientChineseforit.【答案】1.it2.what3.cleaned4.be5.by6.because7.hundreds8.popular9.invention10.habit【解析】本文介紹了牙刷的歷史和功能。1.句意：我們通常把它放在浴室里。指代前文“asmallthing”，需用代詞it。故填it。2.句意：你能猜出它是什么嗎？根據(jù)“Canyouguess...itis?”可知是詢問猜出它是什么。what“什么”。故填what。3.句意：根據(jù)一些研究，在牙刷出現(xiàn)之前，中國(guó)古人用一些小樹枝清潔牙齒。根據(jù)“beforetoothbrushesappeared,theancientChinesepeople...theirteeth...”可知沒有牙刷，古人會(huì)用樹枝清潔牙齒。cleantheteeth表示“清理牙齒”；句子是一般過去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞需用過去式。故填cleaned。4.句意：這可能是世界上最早的牙刷。此處是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞might后跟be動(dòng)詞原形。故填be。5.句意：隨著時(shí)間的推移，牙刷的形狀也發(fā)生了變化。Astimewentby“隨著時(shí)間的流逝”。故填by。6.句意：例如，人們選擇馬尾毛而不是豬毛，因?yàn)樨i毛太硬了。前后句之間是因果關(guān)系，前果后因，用because表示“因?yàn)椤?。故填because。7.句意：想象一下，你回到幾百年前，舒舒服服地刷牙。根據(jù)“About800yearsago”可知此處是hundredsof短語，表示“數(shù)以百計(jì)的”。故填hundreds。8.句意：它開始流行起來。根據(jù)“Itbecame...amonglocalpeoplesoon.”可知空處需填入形容詞作表語，popular“受歡迎的”符合語境。故填popular。9.句意：牙刷的發(fā)明不像造紙術(shù)那樣出名，但在日常生活中非常有用。根據(jù)“The...oftoothbrushes”可知是指牙刷的發(fā)明。invention“發(fā)明”。故填invention。10.句意：今天我們養(yǎng)成了刷牙的好習(xí)慣。根據(jù)“Todaywehaveagood...ofbrushingteeth.”可知刷牙是好習(xí)慣。haveagoodhabitof“有一個(gè)……好習(xí)慣”。故填habit。選詞填空是指把一篇文章的關(guān)鍵詞語挖空，詞序打亂，讓學(xué)生根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇正確的詞語填空。此類題型主要是要求學(xué)生在正確理解和把握文章的基礎(chǔ)上，通過分析行文線索來填寫空缺單詞，補(bǔ)全短文。STEP1詳讀選項(xiàng)，詞分類文章選項(xiàng)中的10個(gè)詞是考查的關(guān)鍵，考生應(yīng)該詳細(xì)的理解這10個(gè)單詞。熟悉的單詞標(biāo)明詞性和詞義，不熟悉的單詞或者不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞只需標(biāo)明詞性，然后根據(jù)名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞四大類按規(guī)律排列在試卷上。這樣就縮小了選擇的范圍，降低了試題的難度。STEP2略讀全文，定中心考生拿到題目以后，由于考查考生對(duì)篇章的理解，應(yīng)該略讀整篇文章，確定文章的中心或主要說明的問題。要抓住文章首句，迅速找到文章的主題詞或主題。和完型填空一樣，一般文章第一句不設(shè)空格，以便讓考生知道本文的相關(guān)主題詞或主題。在此，建議大家使用略讀的方法，以快速掌握文章大意。STEP3瞻前顧后，靈活選詞性分類之后，回到原文中，根據(jù)原文中空格的前后單詞或者前后語句確定所要填的詞性，然后從分類好的單詞中選擇出詞性、意思、語法都符合要求的最佳選項(xiàng)。首先，根據(jù)語法知識(shí)確認(rèn)可以被填入此空的詞性，然后按第一步中標(biāo)注出的詞性進(jìn)行篩選，最后將備選詞逐個(gè)代入空中細(xì)讀句意，考慮上下問邏輯關(guān)系做出選擇。STEP4復(fù)核檢查，定結(jié)果篇章詞匯理解題目類似于完型填空，這需要考生不僅要迅速的確定答案，還要在確定答案之后迅速的復(fù)查。檢查上下文是否通順、上下文的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確、文章的意思是否出現(xiàn)偏差等等，復(fù)查無誤后即可確定為最后答案?？枷?短文填空之選詞填空Passage1（2024·廣東佛山·一模）請(qǐng)用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下面的短文，并把所缺單詞填寫在答題卡指定的位置上。每個(gè)空只能填寫一個(gè)形式正確、意義相符的單詞。live

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stillInthemorning,WangXinrideshisnewbiketoschool.Thisyear,WangXin’sparentsboughtabike1him.WangXinnow2inasmallvillageinthemountains.Lifeusedtobeveryhardforhimand3family.Themainroadwassteep(陡峭的)andhadmany“Z”shapeturnings.Soitwasvery4todriveorridebikesonthisroad.Allotherroadsinthevillagewerefilledwithstones.Manypeopleeasilyfelldownbecauseofthesestonesandhurtthemselves,5atnight.ForlittlekidslikeWangXin,theyhadto6toschooleverydayforatleasttwoandahalfhours.Recently,great7havetakenplaceinthisvillage.Thankstothelocalgovernment,thenewroadswere8.Sincealloftheroadsnowarewideandsmooth,WangXinandotherkidsnowcanridetheirbikestoschool.Itonlytakesthemhalfanhourtogettoschool,whichis9forstudentsinthepast.“Ourvillageisbecomingmoreandmorebeautifulnow.Iwanttogotocollegetolearnmoreknowledgeandmakeacontribution(貢獻(xiàn))tomy10”WangXinsaid.“Weareallreallythankfultoourgreatgovernment.”Passage2（2023·四川成都）短文填空從下面方框中選出10個(gè)單詞，將其正確形式填入短文，使短文意思正確通順(每詞限用一次)。actualadvantagechancechilddifficultdifferencefewhearmanypossiblesilencetellDoyoubelievearoseplantsays“Iwantsomewater”oratreeshouts“Myarmshurt”?Maybeyouwillsaythiscouldonlyhappeninsome___1___stories.Infact,plantsarenotalways___2___.Arecentstudyhasfoundplantsshoutwhentheyareinneedofwaterorhavingtheirstemscut.“Eveninaquietfield,thereare___3___somesoundsthatcarryinformation.However,thepitch(音高)istoohighforpeople___4___,”saidLilachHadany,aprofessorfromTelAvivUniversity.Theresearchersusedmicrophonestorecordsometomatoplantsandfoundthatstressedplantssendout___5___soundsthanunstressedplants.“Whentomatoesarenotstressedatall,theyareveryquiet,”ProfessorHadanysaid.Theyalsotrainedamachinein___6___thedifferencesbetweenthirstyplantsandcutplants.Theresultshowsthatwhenthecausesofstresschange,theyshout___7___.Aftertheteamrecordedmanykindsofotherplants,theyfoundthatmanyplantslikecorn,wheatandgrapeplantssendoutsoundswhentheyareunderstress,too.“Thereisa___8___thatalotofcommunicationishappening,”ProfessorHadanysaid.“Becauseotherplantscanprobablyhearthecallofthestressedplants.”Soundrecordingsofplantscouldbringhumanslotsof___9___,especiallyinfarming.Forexample,peoplewillmakesurewhethercornisgettingenoughwaterorwherewaterisneededmostwithoutmuch___10___.Passage3（2024·中山一模）用方框里面的單詞填空it,today,become,difference,state,great,through,begin,wide,beChinesewritingisoneoftheworld's1.writingsystems.Itismore2.inusethanalphabetic(字母的)writingsystems.Morethanhalfoftheworld'sbooks3.writteninChinese,includinghistoricalwritingsandnovels,alongwithwritingsongovernmentandlaw.

Atthebeginning,writtenChinesewasapicture-basedlanguage.Itdatesbackseveralthousandyearstotheuseofanimalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbolswerecarved(刻)byancientChinesepeople.Someoftheancientsymbolscanstillbeseenin4.hanzi.

BytheShangDynasty,thesesymbolshad5.awell-developedwritingsystem.Overtheyears,thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms,asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically,leadingto6.dialects(方言)andcharacters.This,however,changedunderEmperorQinshihuangoftheQinDynasty.

EmperorQinshihuangunited(統(tǒng)一)thesevenmajor7.intoonecountrywheretheChinesewritingsystem8.todevelopinonedirection.ThatwritingsystemwasofgreatimportanceinunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.Eventoday,nomatterwhereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak,theycanallstillcommunicateinwriting.WrittenChinesehasalsobecomeanimportantmethodtoconnectChina'spresentwith9.past.PeopleinmoderntimescanreadtheclassicworkswhichwerewrittenbyChineseinancienttimes.

Today,ChinesewritingsystemisstillanimportantpartofChineseculture.AsChinaplaysagreatroleintheworld,anincreasingnumberofinternationalstudentsarebeginningtoappreciate(欣賞)China'sculture10.thisamazinglanguage.WrittenChinesespreadsChineseculturewhereveritgoes.

Passage4（2024·遼寧撫順·一模）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，用方框中所給詞的正確形式填空，使短文完整、正確。themselves,

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fromIt’shardtoimaginelifewithouttheInternet.Howgreatlyithaschangedourlivesinthepast15yearssinceitwaswidelyused.Atthesametime,however,theInternethasalsocausedsometraditionstofallaway(消失).E-mailisquickerandcheaper.Gettingahandwrittenletter1afriendhasbecomearare(稀有的)pleasure.Whowouldliketopay60yuanfor12songsinaplasticcase2youcanfindmusicintheInternetforfree?WhenalmostanyfactcanbefoundwithinsecondsthroughGoogle3Baidu,personalmemorybecomeslessimportant.TheWebcanrememberitforus.Whenwasthelasttimeyou4theworldoutofawindow?Whenwasthe5timeyoureadafavoritebookonceagain?Whenwasthelasttimeyousatinthecinemawithyourfamily?Moreandmorepeoplelose6intheInternet.Theyshowlessinterestandspendlesstimeintheoutsideworld.You’vespentthepastfewyearstalkingwithyourfriendsonQQ,orreadingabouthisorherQQsquare,someeting7friendisnolongerasimportantasitoncewas.HaveyoueverfoundyourselfdoinghomeworkwithoneeyeonaQQSpacewindow?Agrowing8ofpeoplesaytheInternetisstoppingyoungpeoplefromfixingtheirattentiononanythingforalongtime.WhenyousurftheInternet,itfeelslikesomethingyou’reenjoyingandnobodyknowsit.Butwhenyourealizejusthowmanypeople9watchingyoureverymove,itmightjustmakeyoumad.Manypeoplehaverealizedtheirpersonalinformationcanbefound10intheInterneteventheydon’twantto.Passage5（2023·山東泰安）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，用方框中所給詞的正確形式填空，使短文完整、正確。improve,solve,unusual,why,read,expression,good,from,enough,mightChatGPTisanAIsystem(系統(tǒng))thatcanhaveadiscussionandcreatewrittenwork.Itcancreatematerialbasedonwhatithaslearned____36____digitalbooksandonlinenaissance.NowthreehighschoolstudentsinCyprushavedevelopedan____37____robotwiththehelpoftheirteachers.ItisspecialasitusesChatGPTAItechnology.TherobotisnamedAInstein.Itisthesizeofasmalladultandevenhasascreenforafacethatappearstoshowhumanfacial(面部)____38____.ItspeaksaNorthAmericanformofEnglish.Anditcantelljokes,like“____39____wasthemathbooksad?Becauseithadtoomanyproblems.”Therobotenjoys____40____sciencebooksandspendingtimeplayingtheviolin.ThecreatorsofAInsteinwanttousethetechnologyto____41____learningexperiencesintheclassroom.Infact,there____42____beaplaceforrobotsineducationafterall.BritisheducationexpertAnthonySeldonpredictsthatrobotswilltakeovertheclassroomin2027andteacherswillworkastheirhelpers.Onethingiscertain,though.Arobotteacheris____43____thannoteacheratall.Insomepartsoftheworld,therearen’t____44____teachersand9—16percentofchildrenundertheageof14don’tgotoschool.Thatproblemcouldbepartly____45____byrobots,becausetheycanteachanywhereandwon’tgetstressed,ortired,ormovesomewhereforaneasier,higher-paidjob.Passage6詞語運(yùn)用,有兩個(gè)詞為多余項(xiàng)by,take,quick,exciting,return,without,he,rule,which,result,achieve,differentAsafamouspianomaster,Paderewskiwasadmiredbymanypeople.Wishingtomakeprogressonthepiano,oneday,aboy1.toaPaderewski'sconcertbyhismother.Aftertheywereseated,themothersawafriendandwalkeduptogreether,leavingtheboyalonein2.seat.

Catchingthechancetoexplorethewondersoftheconcerthall,thelittleboystoodupandfinallymadehiswaythroughadoor3.wasmarked“NoAdmittance(進(jìn)入).”Soon,thehallgotdarkandtheconcertwasabouttobegin.Whenthemother4.toherseat,shediscoveredthatthechildwasmissing.

Suddenly,thelightsfocusedonthepianoonthestage.Insurprise,themotherfoundherlittleboysittingatthepiano.5.knowingwherehewas,theboywaspickingoutTwinkle,Twinkle,LittleStar.

Atthatmoment,thegreatpianomasterappeared,movedtothepiano6.,andwhispered(耳語)intheboy'sear,“Don'tstop.Keepplaying.”Thenhesatdownandaddedarunningobbligato(伴奏).Together,theoldmasterandtheyoungbeginnerchangedanembarrassingsituationintoawonderfullycreativeexperience.Itbecameoneofthe7.partsofthewholeconcertthatevening.Thepeopleweretouchedsomuchbythemasterandthemotherwasshocked.Shebelievedthatsuchanexperiencewouldmakeabig8.toherboy'slife.

Infact,that'sthewayitisinlife.Whatwecandoonourownishardlyunusual.Wetriedourbest,butthe9.aren'texactlysmoothmusiclikewhatwehaveexpected.Butwhenwetrustinthehandsofagreaterpower,ourlife'sworkcanbetrulybeautiful.

Nexttimeyousetout10.greatworks,listencarefully.Youcanhearthevoiceofthemaster,whisperinginyourear,“Don'tstop.Keepplaying.”

Passage7用方框內(nèi)單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空go,stop,beer,on,and,slow,frighten,another,minute,where,turn,ifOnedayastrongcowboywastravelingonhishorsewhenhesawabar.Hedecidedto____1____forafewdrinks,sohetiedhishorseoutsidethebar,walkedintothebarandorderedtwobottlesof____2____.Thiscowboywasnewintown.Helookedaroundandnoticedsomepeoplemakingfacestohim.Heguessedthattheymightplaysometricks____3____him,buthesaidnothingandcontinuedtodrink.Afterdrinking,hewalkedoutofthebar____4____foundhishorselost.However,hekeptcalm,camebackintothebar,andsaid____5____,"Idon'tknowwhatyoufoolsdidtomyhorseoutthere…butI'mleavinginfiveminutes,andbythenifmyhorseisn'tbackwhereit'ssupposedtobe,well…IhavetodoherewhatIdidinTexas!"Thecowboyadded,"AndIdon'twanttodowhatIdidinTexas!"Afterhearingthesewords,theothercustomersseemedalittlebit____6____.Thecowboywentbacktohisseatandordered____7____twobottlesofbeer.Afterfive____8____,hewalkedoutandfoundhishorsetied____9____itwassupposedtobe.Justashewasleaving,thebossofthebarcameupandaskedcuriously,"WhatwasthethingthatyoudidinTexasbutyoudidn'twanttodohere?"Thecowboy____10____tothebossandrepliedinalowvoice,"Ihadtowalkhome!"Passage8用方框內(nèi)單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空actualbuydecideenvironmentmanagesheducereuseruleskillspeakManypeopleknowtheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironment.However,mostofthemthinktheycandolittletohelpsolvetheworld’s1.problems.NewYorkerLaurenSingerdoesn’tthinkso.ThebeautifulgirlstudiedenvironmentalscienceatNewYorkUniversity.Butshenotonlywantedtolearnaboutsustainability(可持續(xù)發(fā)展),butshealsowantedto2.liveit.Duringherfinalyearofcollege,shebeganworkingtowardslivinga“ZeroWaste”life.Sincethen,shehasgonetwoyearswithout3.anylitter.

Laurensaidthatshemadethe4.tolivea“ZeroWaste”lifefortworeasons.Thefirstwasherteacher’s5.abouttheimportanceof“l(fā)ivingyourvalues”.Thesecondwasthelunchherclassmatebroughttoclasseveryweek.Sheusedalotofplasticbags,forks,bottles,etc.tocarrythefoodandthenthrewthemaway.ThismadeLaurenthinkalot.“We’resupposedtobethefutureofthisplanetbutnowwe6.itupwithourlitter.”

It’seasiersaidthandone.Thepasttwoyearshasn’tbeeneasyforLauren.Shestopped7.anythingwrapped(包裝)inplasticandbegantakingherownbagstothesupermarket.Shedidn’tbuynewclothesandshoppedonlyinsecond-handstores.Andshetriedtobuy8.thingswhichcanbeusedmanytimes.Sheevermadeallherowncleaningproductsfromtoothpastetodetergent(洗衣粉)by9..Tohelpthosewhowanttofollowherfootstepsbutdon’thavethetimeor10.likeher,Laurenrecentlystartedherownwaste-freeproductcompany,TheSimplyCo.

Passage9詞語運(yùn)用,有兩個(gè)詞為多余項(xiàng)wise,forest,soon,game,catch,scare,nothing,danger,fortunate,to,point,becauseLonglongago,therewasacrowdofantelopes(羚羊)inthe1..Inthiscrowdtherewasa2.teacher.Hewasadmiredbyeveryone3.hetaughttheyoungthetricksandstrategiesofsurvival(生存策略).

Oneday,hisyoungersisterbroughtherson4.himandaskedhimtoteachwhatwasimportanttoantelopes.Shesaid,“Dearbrother,thisismyson,Dick.Pleaseteachhimthetricksandstrategiesofsurvival.”TheteachersaidtoDick,“Youcancomeatthistimetomorrowforyourfirstlesson.”

Atfirst,Dickcametohavelessonsontimeeveryday.But5.,Dickbecamemoreinterestedinplayinggameswithothers,sohebegantocutclasses.However,hedidn'trealizehow6.itcouldbeforayoungantelopewholearnednothingbut7..

8.,onedaytheyoungantelopesteppedinatrap(陷阱).KnowingDickwasmissing,hismotherwasworried.Shewenttoherbrotherandaskedhim,“Dearbrother,howismyson?Haveyoutaughthimthetricksandstrategiesofsurvival?”Theteacherreplied,“Mydearsister,Itriedmybesttoteachhim,butyoursondidnotwanttolearnthetricksandstrategiesofsurvival.Hecutclasses.HowcouldIpossiblyteachhim?”

Atthistime,theyheardthatDick9.inatrap.Theyhurriedtorescuehimbeforeitwastoolate.Dickwastoo10.tomoveandregretteddeeply.

Iftheyoungantelopehadkeptlearningcarefullyallthetime,hewouldn'thavebeencaught.Passage10（2023·江蘇鹽城·?？级＃╅喿x短文，從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使短文通順、意思完整。每詞或短語限用一次。hometown

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west

accordingto

serveasWuMing,a27-year-oldGerman,isabigfanofChineseculture,liketheShaolinkungfu.HehasbeenlearningTCM—traditionalChinesemedicinesince2016.Nowhe1atHenanUniversityofChineseMedicine.Ashethoughtsomeillnessescan’t2wellwithmodernmedicine,hedecidedtostudyTCM.WucametoHenanProvincein2015,wheretheTCMculturecanbeenjoyedbecauseHenanProvinceisthe3ofZhangZhongjing.AfterlearningtheChineselanguageforoneyear,hestartedtolearnChinesemedicine.“TCMisoneofthebestpartsinChineseculture,”saidWu.HehopestosolveproblemsandunderstandChineseculturebylearningTCM.StudyingTCMalsochangedWu’smindandlifestyle.Heusedtospendmuchtimeplayingcomputergamesandstayuplateeverynight,losthimselfinthisfast-pacedbut4lifestyle.Butnowhelivesahealthyandpeacefullife,practicinggoodhabitslikedrinkingteaandsitting5,aswellasreadingancientbooks,6theYin-Yangtheory(理論)inTCM.Wualsomakesuseofwhathehaslearned7hisfamily.Acupuncture(針灸)toolsandChinesemedicinewerewelcomedwhenhewentbackto48homeinGermany.WithacupunctureandChinese-stylemassages,manyphysicalhealthproblemsofhisfamilieshavebeensolved.Now,healwaysprovideshisfamilywithsomeadviceaboutstayinghealthyafterhecheckstheirtongues(舌頭)online.Overtime,hisfamilybegantounderstandhispassionaboutTCM.InWu’sopinion,there’snobigdifferencebetweenChinaand9countries.HeplanstorunatraditionalChineseclinic(診所)inChinaorGermanyafteruniversity,whichcould10abridgebetweenthetwocountriesandmakeTCManditscultureknownbymorepeople.Passage11用方框內(nèi)單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。seem,success,but,they,wide,it,try,purpose,pound,expressHaveyoueverheardofDeathValley?It'sanationalparklyingintheeastofCalifornia,theUSA.Theparkisn'tscaryas1.namesounds.Youcanenjoythedesertsunshinethere.Atthesametime,youcanfindthere'snothingouttherebutsomespecialrockscalled“sailingstones”.

SomeoftherocksinDeathValleyweighhundredsof2..Andonthegroundbehindeachrockisamysterioustrail(痕跡).It3.thattherockhasbeenpushedalonginthesand.

Itwasnearly100yearsagothatthe“sailingstones”werereportedforthefirsttime.Peoplehavebeen4.tofindoutthestones'secreteversince.Untilthe1990s,one5.acceptedopinionwasthattherockswerestuckinsheets(片)oficethatwerebeingblownacrossthedesert.However,researchlatershowedthattomovesuchlargeicesheets,thewindwouldhavetoblowathundredsofmilesperhour.TherearestrongwindsinDeathValley—6.notthatstrong.

Thenin2006,ascientistnamedRalphLorenz7.hisopinion.Hesuggestedthatinwinter,thickiceforms(形成)aroundtherocks.Whenthegroundbeginstothaw(解凍),therocks,wearingice,sailalongandleavetrailsbehind8..Lorenzevendidatestinhisownkitchenforthe9.ofshowinghisopinionwascorrect.

HasLorenz10.insolvingthemysteryofthesailingstones?Perhaps.Ontheotherhand,neitherLorenznoranybodyelsehaseveractuallyseenthestonesmove.Maybeitwasalienswhomovedthestones.

Passage12（2024·廣東一模）用方框中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，使短文意思完整、通順。每空一次，有兩個(gè)詞是多余的。learnwordexpresshowtheyabilitywhatmakerequirelistensimpleattentionHumanarebornwiththe____66____tocommunicate,butsomepeoplearebetteratitthanothers.Somepeopleareverygoodat____67____andfinditeasytoexpresstheirideastootherpeople.Otherpeoplefinditdifficulttoexpress____68____well,especiallyinpublic.Thegoodnewsisthatcommunicationskillscanbe____69____.Herearesomepiecesofadvice.Rememberthattalkingtootherpeopledependsonbodylanguageandfacial____70____besideswords.Ifyoulookandsoundconfident,peoplewillpay___71____towhatyousay,evenifyoudon’tfeelsoconfident.Lookpeopleintheeyewhenyouspeaktothem.It____72____youseemmorehonestandfriendly,andpeoplewillfinditeasierandmorefuntotalktoyou.Practice____73____tootherpeople.Themostimportantpartofcommunicationislistening.That’swhywehavetwoearsandonemouth.Whenyoulistentopeople,watchingtheirfaceandbodylanguagewillhelpyouunderstand___74____theymean.Thinkbeforeyouopenyourmouth.Thebestcommunicatorsexpresstheirideasinshortand_____75______ways.Ifyouaretryingtoconvince(使信服)peopleofsomething,beclearanduseasfewwordsaspossible.考向2短文填空之首字母填空（2023·江蘇揚(yáng)州）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和首字母提示，在下文空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~使短文完整。在答題卡標(biāo)有題號(hào)的橫線上，完整地寫出空缺處各單詞的正確形式。（每空一詞）PeterPanwishesWendy,JohnandMichael,especiallyWendy,wouldstayinNeverlandforever,butfinallytheDarlingchildrendecidetoflybackhomeandgrowup.“QuickTink,”Peterwhispers.“S____1____thewindow.ThenwhenWendycomesback,shewillthinkhermotherdoesn’tloveheranymore,andshewillreturntoNeverlandwithme.”Mrs.Darlingisplayingthepiano.Peterdidn’tknowthetune,Home,SweetHome,b____2____heknowsit’ssaying,“Comeback,Wendy,Wendy,Wendy.”PeterlooksthroughthedoorandseestwobigtearsinMrs.Darling’seyes.“ShelovesWendy,”hethinks.“ButIloveWendy,too.Wec____3____bothhaveher.”HelooksatMrs.Darlingagain.Thetwotearsarestillsittingonhere____4____.“Oh,allright,”hesaysatlast,sadly.Thenheopensthewindow.WhenWendy,John,andMichaelarrive,theyfindthewindowo____5____forthem.Theyallgetintobedtosurprisetheirmother.WhenMrs.Darlinggoesbacktothechildren’sroom,theyareallintheirbeds.Theywaitforhertosaysomething,butshesaysn____6____.Shethinkssheisdreaming.Shesitsbythefire.Thechildrenaresow____7____.Whyisn’ttheirmotherhappytoseethemagain?Allthreeofthemjumpoutofbed,runtoherandshout,“Mother!”Sherealizessheisnotd____8____anymore.Mr.DarlingandNanacomein.Theyareallsohappy.Peterw____9____themfromthewindowbutheislookingatsomethinghewillneverhave.Manyyearspass.WhenPetervisitsWendyagain,shehasg____10____upandhasadaughterofherown.Peterisstillaboywhocan’tgrowup.—TakenfromPeterPan【答案】1.(S)hut2.(b)ut3.(c)an’t4.(e)yes5.(o)pen6.(n)othing7.(w)orried8.(d)reaming9.(w)atches10.(g)rown【解析】本文出自文學(xué)作品《彼得·潘》，講述了小飛俠彼得·潘決定把朋友送回家的故事。1句意：關(guān)上窗戶。根據(jù)“S...thewindow”可知，彼得想關(guān)上窗戶，shut“關(guān)閉”符合語境，祈使句用動(dòng)詞原形開頭。故填(S)hut。2.句意：彼得不知道《家，甜蜜的家》這首曲子，但他知道它在說：“回來吧，溫蒂，溫蒂?！薄８鶕?jù)“Peterdidn’tknow”和“heknows”可知，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，用but連接。故填(b)ut。3.句意：我們不可能都擁有她。根據(jù)“ShelovesWendy”和“ButIloveWendy,too.”可知，他們都愛溫蒂，但不能同時(shí)擁有她，can’t“不能”符合語境。故填(c)an’t。4.句意：那兩滴眼淚仍然留在她的眼睛上。根據(jù)“twotears”可知，眼淚仍然留在她的眼睛上，eye“眼睛”，用復(fù)數(shù)。故填(e)yes。5.句意：當(dāng)溫蒂、約翰和邁克爾到達(dá)時(shí)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)窗戶為他們打開了。根據(jù)“Thenheopensthewindow.”可知，窗戶是開著的，open“打開的”，形容詞作賓補(bǔ)。故填(o)pen。6.句意：他們等她說什么，但她什么也沒說。根據(jù)“Theywaitforhertosaysomething,but…”可知，她什么也沒說，不定代詞nothing“什么都沒有”符合語境。故填(n)othing。7.句意：孩子們很擔(dān)心。根據(jù)“Whyisn’ttheirmotherhappytoseethemagain?”可知，孩子們是擔(dān)心的，worried“擔(dān)心的”，形容詞作表語。故填(w)orried。8.句意：她意識(shí)到自己不是在做夢(mèng)了。根據(jù)“Allthreeofthemjumpoutofbed,runtoherandshout,‘Mother!’”可知，孩子們?nèi)ズ皨寢?，讓她知道自己沒有在做夢(mèng)，孩子們真的回來了，dream“做夢(mèng)”，用現(xiàn)在分詞形式與is構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。故填(d)reaming。9.句意：彼得從窗戶看著他們，但他看到的是他永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)擁有的東西。根據(jù)“butheislookingatsomethinghewillneverhave.”可知，彼得在看著他們，watch“看，注視”符合語境，時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語是“Peter”，動(dòng)詞用三單。故填(w)atches。10.句意：當(dāng)彼得再次拜訪溫蒂時(shí)，她已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)大了，有了自己的女兒。根據(jù)“Manyyearspass.”可知，溫蒂長(zhǎng)大了，growup“長(zhǎng)大”，固定短語，grow用過去分詞形式與has構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填(g)rown。首字母填空是根據(jù)句意和已給出的首字母，在句子的空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，使句子意思完整，語法正確的一種題型。該題型既考查學(xué)生的單詞記憶和拼寫能力，又考查學(xué)生對(duì)句子的理解和運(yùn)用能力。二、滿分技巧 1.跳過空格，不看選項(xiàng)，快速地閱讀全文，從整體上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的內(nèi)容和要旨。快速閱讀時(shí)寧粗勿細(xì)，切忌只盯住一個(gè)句子倉(cāng)促解題，這樣勢(shì)必因胸?zé)o全局而誤入歧途?？焖匍喿x時(shí)，還要注意找出關(guān)鍵詞，這些詞在文中起支撐骨架的功能，抓住了關(guān)鍵詞就抓住了故事的線索。特別是要重視首句，善于以首句的時(shí)態(tài)、語氣為立足點(diǎn)，理清文脈，推測(cè)全文時(shí)態(tài)、主題及大意。2.復(fù)讀短文，確定語義，判斷詞形。把握短文大意后再認(rèn)真復(fù)讀短文，利用上下文的語境，結(jié)合所學(xué)過的知識(shí)，先確定空格處所需詞語的意義，再根據(jù)空格在句子中的位置，判斷其在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，從而確定所填詞的詞性，再依據(jù)詞語搭配和語法規(guī)則，判斷所填詞的正確形式。如短文難度較大，尤其是難于選詞時(shí)，從本句的前后觀察中一時(shí)尚不得要領(lǐng)，就要進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大到上下文中分析。3.三讀短文，上下參照，驗(yàn)證答案。在短文的空白處分別填上一個(gè)詞后，將完成的短文再細(xì)讀一遍，上下參照，連貫思考?？蓮纳舷挛膬?nèi)容是否協(xié)調(diào)一致、順理成章，語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確無誤等進(jìn)行綜合驗(yàn)證，凡有疑問必須重新推敲考慮。Passage1（2023-24·江蘇揚(yáng)州統(tǒng)考）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和首字母提示，在下文空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~使短文完整。（每空一詞）ChinesewriterHaiYa’sTheSpace-TimePainterwontheHugoAwardforBestNoveletteonOct21.Hebecamethet____1____ChinesewritertowinaHugoawardafterLiuCixinin2015andHaoJingfangin2016.WhencreatingTheSpaceTimePainter,HaiYagothisi____2____fromafamouspainting,APanoramaofRiversandMountains.ItisbyWangXimengfromtheSongDynasty(960-1279).BasedonWang,HaicreatedacharacternamedZhaoXimengw____3____paintedforanemperormorethan1,000yearsago.Aftermanyhardtimes,Zhao’smindleaveshisbodyandentersaspacewhereamodernpolicemanistryingtos____4____acaseaboutanancientpaintingHaiYa’sstorywithsciencefictionbeganinhischildhood.“WhenIwasachild,thebookstoreinmyhometownhelpedcreateabeautifulg____5____inmymind.Init,sciencefictionofferedthemostbeautiful‘flowers’,”HaiYatoldBeijingYouthDaily.Headdedthatsciencefictionopenedanewworldforh____