高考的動詞句型歸納

高中英語語法系列（一）VERBPATTERNS（動詞句型）1.VerbPattern1:Subject+linkv.+Predicative.eg.Thisisabook.1)Linkverbs:①become,turn,get,fall,go,grow,keep,remain,seem,appear,look,sound,smell,taste,feel,prove,etc.eg.HehasbecomeaLeaguemember.Theyseemtobeeatingsomething.Shelookshappy.Heappears(tobe)veryyoung.Theelephant'strunkfeelssmooth.Thesouptastesdelicious.Hefellfast/soundasleep.Whathesaidsoundedreasonable.Hisexperimentproved(tobe)true.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.Itgrewdarkwhenwegotthere.Wecanneverturntraitorstoourcountry.Histheoryproved(tobe)right.②stand,sit,live,come,return,goeg.Heleftachildandreturnedahero.Theowneroftheshopstooddumbfounded.Theyallsatsilent.2)Predicative:n.,adj.,adv.,infinitive,gerund,participleoraclauseeg.HehasbecomeaPartymember.(n.)Hehasgrownold.(adj.)Thelightisoff.(adv.)What'sontonight?(adv.)Toseeistobelieve.(infinitive)MyjobisteachingEnglish.(gerund)Thebookisinteresting.(presentparticiple)Wearesatisfiedwithwhathesaid.(pastparticiple)Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthathehadtosendhissickmothertohospital.(clause)2.VerbPattern2(1):Subject+Predicate(vi.)(+adverbial).eg.Thesunrose.Itissnowinghard.ATVsetstandsonthedesk.Hehascometoborrowmybike.VerbPattern2(2):Subject+vi.prep.+prep.object.eg.Helistenedtotherecording.Shelookedatthepicture.Verbswithitsprep.:listento,lookat,lookfor,lookafter,waitfor,dieof,hearfrom,thinkabout,thinkof,etc.3.VerbPattern3:Subject+Predicate(vt.)+Object.eg.WelikeEnglish.HehasrepairedtheTVsetforme.Verbs:teach,want,fix,support,liberate,find,carry,repair,break,see,produce,remember,etc.注：正確區(qū)分上述三種動詞，對于理解和使用英語句子十分重要：1）詞義不變，有時作vt，有時作vi.①Shallwebeginrightnow?(vi.)LeninbeganlearningEnglishinSiberia.(vt.)②Thatknifewilldo.(vi.)Theboydoeshislessonswell.(vt.)③Thenewbooksellswell.(vi.)Theshopsellsmanythings.(vt.)2）有些動詞，在不同的句子中用作vt.，vi.，linkv.，意義均不同，這就需要熟悉這些基本句型，根據(jù)動詞在上下文中的意義，來判斷它有否賓語，是賓語還是表語？eg.Theearthturnsroundthesunonceayear.Theyoungworkersuccessfullyturnedhisfirstpartonthemachine.Theleavesareturninggreen.Theplantsaregrowingwell.Wegrowricehere.Itisgrowingcolderandcolder.3）有些近義的動詞，有的是及物動詞，有的是不及物動詞。eg.①Crusoelookedround,butcouldseenothing;helistened,butcouldhearnothing.②Theforeignguestsarrivedlatelastnight.Theyreachedthetownearlyinthemorning.DoctorBethunearrivedinChinain1938.WhenwegottoBeijing,ithappenedtoberaining.③TherepresentativeswentintotheGreatHall.TherepresentativesenteredtheGreatHall.VerbPattern3(1):Subject+Predicate(vt.)+infinitive.eg.Herefusedtoacceptmyadvice.VerbPattern3(2):Subject+Predicate(vt.)+gerund.eg.Haveyoufinishedreadingthenovel?MostchildrenenjoywatchingTV.Ilikeseeingfilmsverymuch.注：①下列動詞只能跟不定式作賓語：decide,expect,hope,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,offer,plan,etc.②下列動詞只能跟動名詞作賓語：imagine,enjoy,avoid,consider,risk,escape,resist,cannothelp,insiston,beworth,bebusy,be/getusedto,lookforwardto,etc.③下列動詞既能跟不定式作賓語，又能跟動名詞作賓語，它們之間的意義差不多：like,continue,begin,start,hate,prefer,intend,etc.④下列動詞既能跟不定式作賓語，又能跟動名詞作賓語，但它們之間的意義區(qū)別很大：A.remembertodosth.rememberdoingsth.eg.Remembertobringyournotebooktomorrow.Irememberseeinghimbefore.B.forgettodosth.forgetdoingsth.eg.I'mafraidhewillforgettowritetome.IshallneverforgetseeingtheGreatWallforthefirsttime.C.trytodosth.trydoingsth.eg.Youmusttrytobemorecareful.Hetriedraisingsilkworms,butfailed.D.regrettodosth.regretdoingsth.eg.IregrettosaythatIshalltakemyleavetomorrow.Iregretmissingthefilm.E.meantodosth.meandoingsth.eg.Imeantofinishthetasktomorrow.Ifyoufailed,itwouldmeanwaitingforanotherchance.F.goontodosth.goondoingsth.eg.HavingreadLessonOne,wewentontoreadLessonTwo.Afterashortrest,hewentondoinghishomework.G.stoptodosth.（不定式在此充當(dāng)狀語）stopdoingsth.eg.WhenIcamein,hestoppedtotalktome.Whenheheardtheknockatthedoorhestoppedeatingandwenttoopenthedoor.H.want(need,require)eg.Shewantstolookafterthechild.Thepatientneedslookingafter.=Thepatientneedstobelookedafter.VerbPattern3(3):Subject+Predicate(vt.)+objectclause.Verbs:show,explain,think,know,say,hope,remember,forget,suggest,insist,wish,etc.eg.Ihopethatyouwillcome.Idon'tknowwhenwewillhavethemeeting.HeaskedmeifXiaoWangwillcome.Pleasetellmehowyouaregettingonwithyourstudiesatschool.注：1、在order,suggest,insist,demand,request,command等動詞后面所跟的賓語從句中應(yīng)用虛擬語氣（其構(gòu)成為should+動詞原形，其中should可以省略）。eg.Heorderedthatthesoldiers(should)fireattheenemy.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)haveameeting.Heinsistedthathisson(should)besenttoworkinthecountryside.2、wish后面也可跟一賓語從句：eg.IwishIwereyou.IwishIhadmethimyesterday.IwishIwouldpasstheexam.4.VerbPattern4:Subject+Predicate(vt.)+IndirectObject+DirectObject.Verbs:lend,tell,give,hand,pass,show,bring,send,offer,do,owe,answer,make,buy,fetch,read,write,sing,promise,ask,etc.eg.1)Helentmethebook.Helentthebooktome.2)Pleasedomeafavor.Pleasedoafavorforme.3)Fatherboughtmeanewdictionary.Fatherboughtanewdictionaryforme.4)Shemadehersonanewcoat.Shemadeanewcoatforherson.5)Goandfetchmesomehotwater.Goandfetchsomehotwaterforme.6)Heaskedmeadifficultquestion.Heaskedadifficultquestionofme.7)Heexplainedtousthereasonforit.Heexplainedthereasonforittous.Heexplainedtousthattheearthmovesroundthesun.(introduce,prove,say)8)Heaskedmeifitwasright.Hetoldusthatwewouldhaveanewmathsteacherthenextterm.5.VerbPattern5:Subject+Predicate(vt.)+Object+ObjectCompliment.1)VerbPattern5(1):Subject+Predicate(vt.)+O.+adj./adv./n./prep.phrase.Verbs:believe,think,consider,find,feel,make,keep,call,name,drive,choose,elect,paint,dye,leave,declare,prove,etc.eg.Webelievehimhonest.Hedyedtheclothred.Ifeelitright.Let'spaintthedooryellow.Theyoftenkeeptheroomclean.Weallconsiderhimacleverboy.Weelectedhimchairmanofthemeeting.Wemadeherourgroupleader.Hefoundhimselfinhospitalwhenhewokeup.Ifoundherinhighspirits.Theministersawnothingonthelooms.Aqiaofoundherselfinadifferentworld.Whatmakesyouinsuchahurry?Weregardhimasourteacher.(treat,lookupon/on,thinkof,consider)2)VerbPattern5(2):Subject+Predicate(vt.)+O.+infinitive.Verbs:⑴五官感覺動詞：see,watch,observe,notice,hear,feel,listento,etc.eg.Iwatchedhercrossthestreet.Ifeltsomethingcrawlupmyarm.Thethiefwasseentostealintothehouse.Shewasheardtosingbeautifully.⑵意愿好惡動詞：expect,want,wish,like,prefer,love,hate,etc.eg.ThePartywantsustobecomeredandexpert.Wouldyoulikemetowaittillshecomes?IpreferJanetomeethertomorrow.Ihateyoutobepunished.⑶心理活動動詞：know,think,consider,find,trust,report,feel,etc.（不定式總是tobe或tohavebeen）eg.Ibelievehimtobehonest.Iconsiderhimtobeagoodboy.Iknewthemantobealiar.Ifoundittohavebeenamistake.Ifelttheplantobeallright.⑷命令、允許的動詞：ask,tell,request,order,allow,permit,persuade,forbid,etc.eg.Heaskedmetositdownandhavearest.Allowmetocongratulateyou.Ipersuadedhimtogowithme.⑸致使動詞：make,let,have,force,oblige,get,cause,etc.（make,let,have后不定式前不加to）eg.Thesunandraincausedplantstogrow.Theyforcedhertogo.Ishallgethimtodothework.I'llhave(make)himdothework.Letmedothework.☆help后不定式前可加to，也可不加to）eg.Helpme(to)dothework.3)VerbPattern5(3):Subject+Predicate(vt.)+Object+PastParticiple.Verbs:能帶“Object+Infinitive”的動詞，很多根據(jù)意義也可帶“Object+PastP.”如：see,hear,find,want,hate,feel,order,have,get等。eg.Heheardhisnamecalled.Iwantitdoneatonce.Youcanseemanyproblemssettledinthisway.Idon'tlikeitdiscussed.Jackfoundhiswalletstolen.Heorderedtheworkstartedatonce.Pleasegetmyletterposted.Ihadmyhaircutyesterday.4)VerbPattern5(4):Subject+Predicate(vt.)+O.+V-ing(PresentParticiple).Verbs:①五官感覺、個別心理活動的動詞：find,feel,see,watch,hear,notice,etc.eg.Iheardhersinginginthenextroom.Isawamancomingtowardsus.Dickfoundhimselfwalkinginthestreet.☆和不定式的區(qū)別：_________________________________________________________________________________________________________②致使動詞：keep,leave,set,have,send,etc.eg.I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Anapple'sfallingleftNewtonthinkingalot