2021年高考英語調(diào)研大一輪復習課時作業(yè)29Unit4GlobalwarmingB卷

課時作業(yè)29GlobalwarmingⅠ.閱讀理解A(遼寧大連聯(lián)考)Theresearchers'findingswillhardlycomeasasurprisetothosewhostudyairpollution.Previousresearchhasshownthatoutdoorairpollutioncausesmorethan3milliondeathsannuallyandsuggestedthatthefigurecoulddoubleby2050.Anotherstudysuggestedthatairpollutioncauses1.6millionpremature(早產(chǎn)兒)deathsannuallyinChinaalone.Policymakersacrosstheglobehaverespondedtoairpollutionwithanumberofnewregulations,manyofwhichfocusonlimitingpollutionfromcoal.Chinastoppedapprovalofnewcoalminesforthreeyearsattheendof2015andhasissuedstrictrequirementsalongthelinesofthoseintheUSfornewcoal-firedpowerplants.CitiesinChinahavealsodevelopedwarningsystemstogetcarsoffthestreetsandlimitindustrialpollutionduringperiodsofintensesmog.Buteventhesepoliciesmaystillbemetbyincreasesinmortality(死亡率)asagingpopulationsareincreasinglysufferingfromtheproblemsassociatedwithpollution.“Chinamightmoveintherightdirectionintermsofairpollution,butit'sgoingtohavetocontinuerevisingpoliciesjustliketheUSandEurope，”saidDanGreenbaum,presidentofHealthEffectsInstitute,whichsupportedtheresearch.And,whileprematuredeathsduetopollutionintheUSandEuropehavedeclinedinrecentdecades,citiesintheWesthavestilltakenstepstoreducepollution.Airpollutionkillsmorethan200,000inEuropeandnearly80,000intheUSeachyear,accordingtotheresearch.Thebenefitsofaddressingairpollutionextendbeyondthepeoplewhoexperiencethehealtheffectsofpoorairdirectly.“Oneoftheuniquethingsaboutairpollutionisthatyoucan'trun,youcan'thidefromit，”saidstudyresearcherMichaelBrauer,aprofessorattheUniversityofBritishColumbia,inavideoaccompanyingthepresentation.“Butweknowthatifyouimproveairquality,everybodybenefitsfromit.”本文是一篇新聞報道。在美國和歐洲由于戶外的空氣污染導致人口死亡率不斷增長，很多國家已經(jīng)采取相應措施來減少空氣污染。1．WhathaschangedunderthenewpoliciesinChina?A．Nomorenewcoalminesarealloweduntil2018.B．Carscan'tbedriveninbigcities.C．Lessagingpopulationaredyingfromairpollution.D．Factoriespollutingairareforbiddentowork.答案：A解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“Chinastopped...plants.”可知，直到2018年中國才允許開采新煤礦。故A項符合題意。2．WhatshouldChinadoaccordingtoDanGreenbaum?A．Changethewaysofdealingwithairpollution.B．SeekforhelpfromtheUSandEurope.C．Releasemorestrictpolicies.D．Adjustthepoliciesconstantly.答案：D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，中國還得持續(xù)調(diào)整相關政策。故D項符合題意。3．WhatcanbeinferredabouttheUSandEuropefromthelastbutoneparagraph?A．Theyhavesettledtheirenvironmentalproblems.B．Theyhavecuttheirprematuredeathstothelowest.C．Measuresarestillbeingtakentodealwithpollution.D．Populationkilledbyairpollutionhaveincreased.答案：C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，雖然在美國和歐洲污染所致的早產(chǎn)兒死亡率在不斷地下降，但是西方的很多城市還會采取措施來減少污染，因為采取措施治理空氣污染所帶來的好處也會有益于那些因空氣質(zhì)量差而健康遭受直接影響的之外的人們。故C項符合題意。B(云南師范大學附屬中學模擬)AnewstudyfindsthatyoungfemalesinonegroupofAfricanchimps(黑猩猩)usesticksasdollsmorethantheirmalepeers(同齡人)do,oftentreatingpiecesofwoodlikeamotherchimpcaringforababy.Inhumanculturesaroundtheworld,girlsplaywithdollsandpretendthatthetoysarebabiesfarmorethanboysdo.Chimpobservations,collectedover14yearsoffieldworkwiththeKanyawarachimpcommunityinKibaleNationalParkinsouthernUganda,providethefirstevidenceofanon-humananimalinthewildthatexhibitssexdifferencesinhowitplays.Thisfindingsupportsanargumentthatbiologyaswellassocietyunderliesboys'andgirls'differenttoypreferences.Stickplayoccurredmostcommonlybetweenages3and9.Femalesspentalotmoretimecarryingsticksthanmalesdid.Youngmalechimpsoccasionallyusedstickstomimic(模仿)childcare.“Farmoreoften,theyfoughtwithsticks,aninfrequentbehaviouramongfemales，”saySonyaKahlenbergofBatesCollegeinLewiston,Maine,andRichardWranghamofHarvardUniversity.“Biologicaldifferencesbetweenthesexesmakefemalechimpsmorereceptivetostick-motheringthanmales，”saysWrangham.Consistentwithreportedculturaltraditionsamongadultchimps,Kanyawarayoungsterslearnedfromeachothertoplaywithsticksasifcaringforbabies.Stickplayamongyoungchimpsshowednoevidenceofbeingdirectlyinfluencedbyolderchimps.Childbearingfemalesneverplayedwithsticksandthusdidn'tmodelsuchbehaviourforyoungerchimps.Youngfemalescarriedsticksforanywherefromafewminutestoseveralhours.Theyoftenrestedinnestswiththeirsticks,sometimesplayingwiththemmuchaschimpmothersplaywiththeirbabiesthoughtheydidn'tgetanyformofteachingfromtheadults.本文是一篇說明文。文章通過研究黑猩猩玩棍棒游戲，告訴我們不同性別的差異及其社會影響。4．Whatdoesastickseemliketoayoungfemalechimpwhoplayswithit?A．Adoll. B．Amother.C．Ababy. D．Atoy.答案：C解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“AnewstudyfindsthatyoungfemalesinonegroupofAfricanchimps(黑猩猩)usesticksasdollsmorethantheirmalepeers(同齡人)do,oftentreatingpiecesofwoodlikeamotherchimpcaringforababy.”可知，年輕的雌性黑猩猩把棍棒看成嬰兒。故選C項。5．Wecanseefromthetextthatyoungfemalechimps________.A．oftencarrystickswithmalesB．a(chǎn)lwayscarrystickswithmalesC．neverusesticksinfightingD．seldomusesticksinfighting答案：D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“‘Farmoreoften,theyfoughtwithsticks,aninfrequentbehaviouramongfemales’．..”可知，用棍棒打架在年輕的雌性黑猩猩中是一種不常見的行為，據(jù)此推斷，它們很少使用棍棒來打架。故選D項。6．Fromwhomdotheyoungchimpspickupthestickplaybehaviour?A．Fromeachother.B．Fromolderchimps.C．Fromtheirmothers.D．Frommalechimps.答案：A解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“...Kanyawarayoungsterslearnedfromeachothertoplaywithsticksasifcaringforbabies.”可知，小猩猩是從彼此之間學會玩棍棒游戲的。故選A項。7．Whatdoesthetextmainlytellusaboutyoungchimps'stickplay?A．Thetypesofstickplayandsocialinfluence.B．Thesexdifferencesandsocialinfluence.C．Thesexdifferencesandagedifferences.D．Thewaysofstickplayandagedifferences.答案：B解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thisfindingsupportsanargumentthatbiologyaswellassocietyunderliesboys'andgirls'differenttoypreferences.”可知，本文主要是通過介紹黑猩猩玩棍棒游戲來告訴我們不同性別的差異及其社會影響。故選B項。Ⅱ.完形填空(黑龍江佳木斯聯(lián)考)Likemanyauthors,Iimaginedhundredsofbookstorecustomersliningupformetosigncopiesforthem.I'm__1__tosay,thoughproperlydesignedforthe__2__activity,itdidn'tquitehappenlikethat.Filledwith__3__，Iwasputintoaprivatesigningroominthestore,butforthenexthourandahalf,and__4__moretodothantoreadmyownbookand__5__forwhatpurposeintheworldIhadfeltsodriventospendfouryears__6__it.Aseachminutepassed,Ibecameincreasingly__7__.JustwhenIcouldn'tfeelany__8__，amiddle-agedcouplewalkedintotheroom.Imanagedto__9__mybademotions(情感)andintroducedmyselfandmy__10__.Thecoupleturnedtoeachother,andthehusbandnoddedtohiswife.Shethentoldme,“Ithinkwe'll__11__thebook.”Myheartbegantobeat__12__.Butinstinctively(本能地),__13__thedesiretojumpintheairandshaketheirhandstothankthemforbeingmyfirst__14__，Irealizedthewomanwastryingtosay__15__else.“Thereasonwe'rebuyingit，”shesaidhesitantly,“isthatoursoncommittedsuicide(自殺)twoyearsago.”She__16__myhand.“Maybeyourbookwhichhasgreatspiritualmeaningwillhelpus__17__it.”Myeyesgotwet.Atthatmoment,Iknew__18__Ineversoldanothercopyofthebook,myfouryearsofwritingithad__19__itspurpose.Thiscouple'sstorywasallthe__20__Ineededatthatpointtokeepmemovingahead.本文是一篇記敘文。作者是位作家，本想著自己的簽名售書活動非?；鸨?，沒想到卻十分冷清。正在他心情極差時，一對夫婦的一句話卻給了他極大鼓舞，讓他繼續(xù)寫下去。1．A.glad B．a(chǎn)fraidC．relaxed D．a(chǎn)mused答案：B解析：由下文語境“...itdidn'tquitehappenlikethat.”可知，句意：我恐怕得說，這一幕并沒有發(fā)生。2．A.singing B．dancingC．signing D．showing答案：C解析：根據(jù)后文“...Iwasputintoaprivatesigningroominthestore...”可知，此次為作者的首次簽名售書活動。3．A.expectation B．considerationC．promise D．hesitation答案：A解析：根據(jù)常理可知，對于自己的簽名售書活動，作者心里充滿了期望。4．A.some B．muchC．a(chǎn)ny D．little答案：D解析：可是在接下來的一個半小時里，作者除了翻看自己的書之外，沒有其他事情可做。littlemorethan“僅僅是”。5．A.decide B．rememberC．wonder D．wish答案：C解析：作者不禁感到疑惑，究竟是什么促使他花了四年的時間來寫這本書。6．A.selling B．writingC．reading D．discussing答案：B解析：it表示book，這里表示作者用了四年的時間寫這本書。7．A.anxious B．tiredC．patient D．hopeful答案：A解析：按照常理，自己的書無人問津時，一定會很著急。隨著時間一分一秒地過去，作者變得越來越焦慮不安。8．A.better B．higherC．worse D．tenser答案：C解析：就在作者情緒低落到極點的時候，一對中年夫婦走了進來。9．A.convey B．hideC．show D．find答案：B解析：看到有人來，作者一邊強作鎮(zhèn)定，極力掩飾失落的情緒，一邊向他們介紹他自己和他的新書。10．A.purpose B．bookC．store D．family答案：B解析：此處指介紹作者自己和他的