2024年河北省中考英語備考專題十二非謂語動(dòng)詞

專題十二非謂語動(dòng)詞第二部分

語法知識(shí)梳理數(shù)據(jù)透視知識(shí)梳理1考點(diǎn)一不定式數(shù)據(jù)共享考點(diǎn)聚焦21.不定式的構(gòu)成基本形式:to+動(dòng)詞原形(這里的to是不定式符號(hào),本身無詞義,有時(shí)可以省略)。動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是“not(+to)+動(dòng)詞原形”。動(dòng)詞不定式具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn),可以有自己的賓語和狀語,有不同的時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài),但它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化?？键c(diǎn)一2.不定式的句法功能功能知識(shí)拓展例句作主語不定式作主語時(shí),通常用it作形式主語,而把不定式放在后面。其結(jié)構(gòu)為:It+be+adj.(+for/ofsb.)+動(dòng)詞不定式.It’seasyformetodoitwell.對(duì)于我來說,我可以輕易地把它做好。

續(xù)表功能知識(shí)拓展例句作賓語①作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語,一般不作介詞的賓語。常見的后面接動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞(短語):agree(同意)、afford(負(fù)擔(dān)得起)、begin(開始)、decide(決定)、expect(期望)、forget(忘記)、hope/wish(希望)、learn(學(xué)習(xí))、manage(完成,應(yīng)付)、offer(提供)、prefer(更喜歡)、prepare(準(zhǔn)備)、pretend(假裝)、plan(計(jì)劃)、promise(承諾)、refuse(拒絕)、want/wouldlike(想要)等②find、think等后跟不定式作賓語時(shí),常用it作形式賓語,而將真正的賓語放在后面Youmustlearntolookafteryourself.你必須學(xué)著照顧自己。Ican’taffordtobuythering.我買不起這枚戒指。

續(xù)表功能知識(shí)拓展例句作賓語補(bǔ)足語①常見的后面接不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語)有:advise(建議)、allow(允許)、ask(要求)、expect(期望)、force(強(qiáng)迫)、invite(邀請(qǐng))、teach(教)、tell(告訴)、warn(警告)②在make、let、see、feel、notice、hear、watch等使役動(dòng)詞、感官動(dòng)詞后,不定式省略to(但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中to不能省略)Canyouteachmetoswim?你能教我游泳嗎?Isawhimcrossthestreet./Hewasseentocrossthestreet.我看見他穿過了街道。作表語多數(shù)情況下,不定式作表語,可轉(zhuǎn)換為作主語Toseeistobelieve.眼見為實(shí)。

續(xù)表功能知識(shí)拓展例句作定語不定式作定語,要放在被修飾詞的后面Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?你想要些吃的東西嗎?作狀語表目的Iwenttothestoretobuysomefood.我去商店買了些食物。表原因I’msorrytotroubleyou.我很抱歉給你添麻煩了。表結(jié)果Hewastooexcitedtosayaword.他太激動(dòng)以至于一句話也說不出來。

續(xù)表功能知識(shí)拓展例句和疑問詞連用不定式常和疑問詞what、which、when、where、how連用,在句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語等成分“疑問詞+不定式”這一結(jié)構(gòu)常用于tell、know、advise、teach、findout、decide、discuss等詞匯后,充當(dāng)賓語Idon’tknowwhattosay.我不知道該說些什么。Ihaven’tdecidedwheretogoformysummerholiday.我還沒決定去哪里過暑假。考點(diǎn)一動(dòng)名詞1.動(dòng)名詞的構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞由“動(dòng)詞原形+-ing”構(gòu)成。2.動(dòng)名詞的句法功能功能知識(shí)拓展例句作主語謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.在陽光下讀書對(duì)你的眼睛有害。考點(diǎn)二

續(xù)表功能知識(shí)拓展例句作賓語動(dòng)名詞可作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語。常見接動(dòng)名詞的詞或短語有:avoid(避免)、consider(考慮)、enjoy(喜歡)、finish(完成)、imagine(想象)、keep(堅(jiān)持)、practice(練習(xí))、mind(介意)、suggest(建議)等,bebusy(忙于),beworth(值得),be/getusedto(習(xí)慣),can’thelp(情不自禁),havefun(開心……),feellike(想要),giveup(放棄),lookforwardto(期望)Wehavefunworkingtogether.我們一起工作很開心。

續(xù)表功能知識(shí)拓展例句作表語多數(shù)情況下,動(dòng)名詞作表語可轉(zhuǎn)換為作主語Myworkiscleaningthehouse.=Cleaningthehouseismywork.我的工作是打掃這個(gè)房子。作定語動(dòng)名詞作定語要位于所修飾的詞之前Sheisinthereadingroom.她在閱覽室里。考點(diǎn)一分詞1.分詞的構(gòu)成分詞有現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種?，F(xiàn)在分詞由“動(dòng)詞+-ing”形式構(gòu)成;過去分詞的基本形式是“動(dòng)詞+-ed”,但也有不規(guī)則的形式?，F(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行;過去分詞表被動(dòng)、完成。2.現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能功能知識(shí)拓展例句作定語分詞作定語,其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的詞Doyouknowtheboyplayingontheplayground?你認(rèn)識(shí)在操場(chǎng)上玩耍的男孩嗎?考點(diǎn)三

續(xù)表功能知識(shí)拓展例句作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語為句子的主語Theworkercameintotheroom,carryingaheavybox.這位工人搬著一個(gè)重箱子進(jìn)入了房間。作補(bǔ)語現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語,被補(bǔ)充說明的賓語或主語是它的邏輯主語(即主動(dòng)關(guān)系)IsawtheboydancingwhenIpassedby.當(dāng)我經(jīng)過的時(shí)候,我看到這個(gè)男孩在跳舞。3.過去分詞的句法功能功能知識(shí)拓展例句作狀語分詞或分詞短語作狀語時(shí),可表示時(shí)間、伴隨、原因、結(jié)果、讓步、條件等Theteachercamein,followedbysomestudents.老師進(jìn)來了,后面跟著一些學(xué)生。作定語表示被動(dòng)或完成,單個(gè)分詞置于所修飾詞前,分詞短語則后置Heisanunexpectedvisitor.他是個(gè)不速之客。

續(xù)表功能知識(shí)拓展例句作表語現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語的性質(zhì)、特征;過去分詞表示某種狀態(tài)Thegirlwasexcitedaboutthenews.這個(gè)女孩對(duì)這則消息感到興奮。作補(bǔ)語過去分詞作補(bǔ)語,被補(bǔ)充說明的賓語或主語是它的邏輯賓語(即被動(dòng)關(guān)系)Mymomwantstohaveherhaircut.我媽媽想剪頭發(fā)。數(shù)據(jù)鏈接強(qiáng)化練習(xí)3一、用所給單詞的正確形式填空1.Nextyouneed________(cut)upthreebananas.2.Theboyisgoodat________(play)tennis.3.Ifyouneedmorecolours,youcangetthemby________(mix)thesecolourstogether.4.Idon’thavetime________(clean)myroomnow.5.WhenIgothome,Isawmyfather________(lie)onthesofa.tocutplaying二三mixing一tocleanlying二、單項(xiàng)選擇6.—Dad,thecomputerdoesn’twork.—Don’tworry.I’llgetit____tomorrow.A.torepair B.repaired C.repairing D.repairs7.Youshouldavoid____litterintotheriver.Weshouldreducepollution.A.throw B.throwing C.tothrow D.thrownBB二三一8.—Jim,doyouoftenshoponline?—Seldom.Ithink____overtheInternetisn’talwayssafe.A.paying B.pays C.pay D.paid9.

____electricity,pleaseturnoffthelightswhenyouleavetheroom.A.Save B.Saving C.Saved D.Tosave10.Mr.LioftenteacheshisAmericanfriends____Chinesefood.There’slotsoffun.A.cook B.cooking C.tocook D.cookedADC二三一三、詞語運(yùn)用人與自我—學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷

IamanEnglishteacher11.

________(name)Jeff.Letmetellyousomethingabouthow12.________(learn)English.

Istarted13.

________(study)EnglishbymyselfwhenIwasaboutfifteen.MichaelJacksonhasbeenmyidol(偶像)since1991,andIreallywanted14.

_____________(understand)himandhismusic.Iusedtolearnthewordsinhismusicwithadictionary.namedtolearntostudy二三一tounderstandAlthoughitwasnoteasyatfirst,Iwasverypatient,andthathelpedmealotintheprocessof15.

________(learn)English.

Therewasalotofworktodo16.

________(learn)English,butIneverfelttired.First,Ilearnedaboutpronunciation,whichwasthehardestpartforme.Becausemusicwasmyonlysource(來源)ofspokenEnglish.SometimesIhadtouseapronunciationdictionary.ThenImadelistsofwords17.

____________(remember)theirspellingsandtheirmeanings.learningtolearntoremember二三一Ispentlotsofhours18.

________(learn)Englishgrammar.What’smore,Ireadalot.AndIalsotriedmybest19.__________(translate)texts,d