福建省十一校2023-2024學年高三上學期1月聯(lián)考英語試題

2023—2024學年高三第一學期期末英語試卷注意事項：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號、考場號、座位號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whenwillthemaneback?A.InOctober.B.InNovember.C.InDecember.2.WhatistherelationshipbetweenthemanspeakerandMike?A.Strangers.B.Partners.C.Friends.3.Whatdidthemanfailtodolastnight?A.Cookforhisfamily.B.Finishhisassignment.C.Walkhisdog.4.Whereistheman’sIDcard?A.Inthedrawer.B.Onthedesk.C.Inthebag.5.Howmuchshouldthemanpay?A.$80.B.$90.C.$100.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Buyasmartphone.B.Repairhersmartphone.C.Replacehersmartphone.7.Whatistheman?A.Asalesman.B.Arepairman.C.Amanager.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8.Whichkindofanimalsdidthemanfeedwhenhewasakid?A.Pigs.B.Rabbits.C.Dogs.9.Whydoesthemanapplyforthejob?A.It’seasy.B.It’swellpaid.C.It’shisdreamcareer.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。10.Whatdidthemanchangeforhiscaraweekago?A.Theheadlights.B.Theengine.C.Thefueltank.11.Whydoesthemanrefusetobuyanewcar?A.Hiswifedoesn’tsupporthim.B.Hehasfeelingsfortheoldone.C.Hedoesn’thaveenoughmoney.12.Howwillthespeakersgotothetheater?A.Bycar.B.Bybus.C.Bysubway.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。13.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Havingameeting.B.Attendingaparty.C.Visitinganartexhibition.14.WhatdoweknowaboutTony?A.HeisaGerman.B.HeisfromNewYork.C.HeisanativeofPortland.15.WhatdoesSusando?A.Sheisaserverinarestaurant.B.Sheteachesartinahighschool.C.SheisanartteacherattheArtCollege.16.WhatdoesTonyaskSusantodonextweek?A.etohisartexhibition.B.BehismodelattheArtCollege.C.Attendhisgraduationceremony.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。17.Whatshouldyoudofirstwhenyou’relostinthewoods?A.Calmyourselfdown.B.Lookforfamiliartrees.C.Trytoremembertheroute.18.Whatdoexpertsadviseyoutodowhenyoucan’tfindyourwayinthewoods?A.Followwhateverstreamyoufind.B.Gouptothetopofsomemountains.C.Stayinsomewetlandfortherescue.19.Whichisthefirstwaypeoplewouldusetosearchforyouinthewoodsnowadays?A.Turningtoanairplaneforhelp.B.Locatingyouthroughyourcellphone.C.Lookingfortrailsyoumighthaveleft.20.Whatshouldyoualwaysdobeforeyougointothewoods?A.Prepareadetailedmap.B.Tellsomeoneyourplan.C.Bringalongyourcellphone.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AWhileAlicehasheradventuresintheWonderland,youcanhaveyourownaswellthissummer.BritishcontemporaryartistPhilipColberthascreatedaLobster(龍蝦)WonderlandinChangsha,HunanProvince.Date:July15Location:ChangshaInternationalFinanceSquare(ChangshaIFS)AboutPhilipColbertHisgloballyweledlobsterserieshaswontheheartsofalargenumberoffollowers.Theartist,withamaster’sinphilosophy,takeslobsterashissecondpersonality.Throughlargeinstallations,publicartthemeexhibitionandnewmediaart,theartisthasintroducedworksfromgalleriesandcreatedasurrealartsceneryincity’spublicspacewithabinationofpopartandlocalculture.FeaturesInChangshaIFS,Colbert’sexhibition,whichistheLondonbasedartist’sfirstlargescaleoutdoorpublicartinstallations,hasthreemajorsectors,showcasinghislargeinstallations,sculpturesandnewmediaartsaswellasthespecialworkscreatedfortheevent.Theopeningceremony,anartcarnival,sawthedebut(首次登臺)ofa12meterlongLobsterTaikonautspeciallymadebyColbert.HisLobsterFlowerandLobsterSharkalsofoundtheirwayintheparade.Atthesouthwestsquare,peoplecanfindLobsterFountaintowering12metersandenjoytwomajorthemesectors,LobsterIslandandLobsterSkatePark.LobsterRainbow,alobsterbreakingthrougharoofwitharainbowbehindit,istheartist’sbrandnewworkforChangshaIFS.Inhisworks,suchasDaydreamer,Colbertalsoexpresseshiswishofnarrowingthedistancebetweenartpiecesandpeople.1.WhatisPhilipColbertwellknownfor?A.AliceWonderland. B.Sharkexperience.C.Lobsterseries. D.Rainbowstory.2.Whatcanwelearnabouttheexhibitionaccordingtothetext?A.Ittookplaceintheopenair.B.Therewasnospecialworksfortheevent.C.Peoplecanenjoylobsterfountainandlake.D.LobsterIslandistheartist’sbrandnewworkforChangshaIFS.3.Wherecanthetextprobablybefound?A.Ashoppingbrochure.B.Anartmagazine.C.Asciencereport.D.Afashionadvertisement.【答案】1.C2.A3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了英國當代藝術(shù)家PhilipColbert在湖南長沙創(chuàng)作的“龍蝦仙境”?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AboutPhilipColbert部分中“Hisgloballyweledlobsterserieshaswontheheartsofalargenumberoffollowers.Theartist,withamaster’sinphilosophy,takeslobsterashissecondpersonality.(他的龍蝦系列受到全球歡迎，贏得了一大批粉絲的心。這位擁有哲學碩士學位的藝術(shù)家把龍蝦當作自己的第二人格)”可知，他的龍蝦系列作品受到全球歡迎，所以他是因他的龍蝦系列作品而全球聞名的。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Features部分中“InChangshaIFS,Colbert’sexhibition,whichistheLondonbasedartist’sfirstlargescaleoutdoorpublicartinstallations,hasthreemajorsectors,showcasinghislargeinstallations,sculpturesandnewmediaartsaswellasthespecialworkscreatedfortheevent.(在長沙IFS，科爾伯特的展覽是倫敦藝術(shù)家的第一個大型戶外公共藝術(shù)裝置，分為三個主要部分，展示了他的大型裝置，雕塑和新媒體藝術(shù)以及為活動創(chuàng)作的特別作品)”可知，該展覽是這位倫敦藝術(shù)家的第一個大型戶外公共藝術(shù)裝置。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“WhileAlicehasheradventuresintheWonderland,youcanhaveyourownaswellthissummer.BritishcontemporaryartistPhilipColberthascreatedaLobster(龍蝦)WonderlandinChangsha,HunanProvince.(當愛麗絲在仙境里冒險的時候，這個夏天你也可以有自己的冒險。英國當代藝術(shù)家菲利普·科爾伯特在湖南省長沙市創(chuàng)造了一個龍蝦仙境)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了一位藝術(shù)家的展覽，故本文可以在藝術(shù)雜志上看到。故選B。BOnMarch1,Dr.JosephDituribeganaprojecttostayfor100daysataspecialhotelcalledJules’sUnderseaLodge30feetundertheoceansurfaceinaconservationareainKeyLargo.Thefartheryougobelowtheocean’ssurface,thegreaterthepressure.Dr.Dituriwantedtolearnhowthispressurewouldaffectthehumanbodyovertime.Hebelievesthathighpressurecouldhelppeoplelivelongerandstayhealthierastheygetolder.Itcouldalsohelpdoctorstreatdifferentmedicalproblems,includingbraininjuries.Whilehewaslivingunderwater,Dr.Dituristayedbusy.Heoftenexercisedinthemorning.Hekeptteachinghiscollegeclassesvirtuallyandhadonlinechatswithover5,500studentsfrom15differentcountries.Healsoworkedwithoceanexpertstofigureoutwaystopreservetheocean.Heevenhadanumberofvisitorswhodovedowntospendalittletimewithhim.OnJune9,Dr.Diturireturnedtothesurfacewithanewworldrecord,beatingtheoldrecordof73days.Manyfriends,family,andothersupportersweretheretogreethimandcelebratehissuccess.Doctorsquicklycheckedhimouttomakesurehewasokay.Actually,Dr.Dituriwentthroughseveralbigchanges.Foronething,hebecame1.3centimetersshorterduringhistimeinthehigherunderseapressure.Sleepingmuchbetter,hishealthgreatlyimprovedinacoupleofways.Dr.Dituriandhisteamplantostudytheinformationtheycollectedduringtheproject.InNovember,Dr.DituriwillspeakatanimportantmedicalmeetinginScotlandaboutthediscoveriesthescientistsmadeduringtheproject.Dr.Diturisayshisfavoritepartoftheprojectwastalkingwithyoungpeople.“Whoknows?”hesaid.“Maybeoneday,oneofthemwille.backandbreaktherecordwejustset.MygreatesthopeisthatIhaveinspiredanewgenerationofexplorersandresearcherstopushpastallboundaries.4.WhatisJules’sUnderseaLodgespecialfor?A.Itsconvenience. B.Itsreputation. C.Itslocation. D.Itsluxuriousness.5.WhydidDr.Dituridecidetostaylonginthehotel?A.Totreathisbraininjuries. B.Tolivelongerandhealthier.C.Todealwithmedicalproblems. D.Totestoneofhisacademicideas.6.WhichstatementbestdescribesDr.Dituri’sundersealife?A.Hekeptadailyroutinealmostasusual.B.Hewasbusywithmedicalexperiments.C.Heledadulllifeseparatedfromtheothers.D.Hesetaworldrecordofliving73daysunderwater.7.WhatdoesDr.Dituriwishyoungpeopletodo?A.municatemorewithhim. B.Exploretheunknownbravely.C.Studytheinformationoftheproject. D.MeetattheconferenceinScotland.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了約瑟夫·迪圖里博士在基拉戈水下酒店進行100天實驗以研究深海壓力對身體的影響，期間保持常規(guī)生活，打破世界記錄，并激勵年輕人勇探未知?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“OnMarch1,Dr.JosephDituribeganaprojecttostayfor100daysataspecialhotelcalledJules’sUnderseaLodge30feetundertheoceansurfaceinaconservationareainKeyLargo.”（3月1日，約瑟夫·迪圖里(JosephDituri)博士開始了一個項目，他將在基拉戈(KeyLargo)一個保護區(qū)的海平面下30英尺處的一家名為“朱爾斯海底小屋”(Jules’sUnderseaLodge)的特殊酒店住上100天。）可知，朱爾斯的海底小屋的特別之處是它的位置位于海平面下30英尺處。故選C項。【5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Dr.Dituriwantedtolearnhowthispressurewouldaffectthehumanbodyovertime.Hebelievesthathighpressurecouldhelppeoplelivelongerandstayhealthierastheygetolder.Itcouldalsohelpdoctorstreatdifferentmedicalproblems,includingbraininjuries.”（迪圖里博士想了解這種壓力隨著時間的推移會如何影響人體。他認為，隨著年齡的增長，高血壓可以幫助人們活得更長，更健康。它還可以幫助醫(yī)生治療不同的醫(yī)療問題，包括腦損傷。）可知，迪圖里醫(yī)生決定在酒店里待很久是因為他想檢驗他的一個學術(shù)觀點。故選D項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Whilehewaslivingunderwater,Dr.Dituristayedbusy.Heoftenexercisedinthemorning.Hekeptteachinghiscollegeclassesvirtuallyandhadonlinechatswithover5,500studentsfrom15differentcountries.Healsoworkedwithoceanexpertstofigureoutwaystopreservetheocean.Heevenhadanumberofvisitorswhodovedowntospendalittletimewithhim.”（在水下生活期間，迪圖里一直很忙。他經(jīng)常在早上鍛煉。他一直在網(wǎng)上教授他的大學課程，并與來自15個不同國家的5500多名學生在線聊天。他還與海洋專家一起研究保護海洋的方法。他甚至有一些游客潛入水中和他待一會兒。）可推知，迪圖里博士在海底的生活和往常一樣。故選A項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“MygreatesthopeisthatIhaveinspiredanewgenerationofexplorersandresearcherstopushpastallboundaries.”（我最大的希望是，我激勵了新一代的探險家和研究人員去突破所有的界限。）可知，迪圖里博士希望年輕人勇敢地探索未知。故選B項。CEachyear,morethan27millionU.S.andCanadiankidsgettoschoolbybus.Mostofthosebusesrunondiesel(柴油)fuel,whichgiveoutpollutionthatriderscantakein.Pollutionlevelscanbeseveraltimeshigherinsideadieselschoolbusthanoutsideit.Why?Pollutioncanleakinfromthefloororblowinthroughwindows.AU.S.governmentprogramstartedin2012offeredschools’moneyspentoncleanerschoolbusesbutnotallschoolscouldgetit.Fiveyearslater,emissionsfrombusesinthewinningdistrictsfell.Andayearaftergettingnewbuses,studentattendancehadimprovedinthosedistricts.Foranaveragedistrictof10,000students,aboutsixmorestudentsattended‘schooleachday’inthewinningdistricts,paredtothelosingdistricts.Winningschoolswithhigherratesofbusridingkidshadanaverageof14morestudentsinclasseachday.Andwinningdistrictsthatreplacedtheoldestschoolbuses?Theyhadanaverageof45morestudentsinschooleachday.Thosenumbersmaysoundsmall,buttheyaddup.Andschoolattendancemattersforstudentachievement.Almost3millionU.S.kidsrideschoolbusesmorethan20yearsold.IfU.S.schooldistrictshadreplacedallofthoseolderbuses,therewouldhavebeen1.3millionfewerstudentabsenceseachyear.Theremightbeotherreasonsforbetterattendance.Forexample,maybekidspreferrednewbuses.However,themostlikelyreasonforfewerstudentabsenceswasbetterhealth.Astudydoneonadultsshowedthatabriefexposuretodieselemissionsreduced“networkconnectivity”inthebrain.Inotherstudies,suchnetworkconnectivitychangeshavebeenlinkedtoworsenedmemoryandmentaltasks.AWashingtonStateprogramupgradedpollutioncontrolsinolddieselbuses.Afterward,fewerkidswerehospitalizedinthosedistrictsthaninschoolswithoutbusupgrades.AlmostallU.S.schooldistrictscanapplyfortheprogram.Butschoolsinlowineareas,intribalareasand,inruralareaswillgetpriority.Kidsintheseareastendtofacethemosthealthrisksfromolderbuses.8.Whatcanweinferaboutdieselschoolbusesfromthefirstparagraph?A.Theyhaveashortservicelife.B.Theyoperatecosteffectively.C.Theyacmodatefewpassengers.D.Theydomuchharmtoschoolchildren.9.Whyistheincreaseinschoolattendancesmallbutimportant?A.Itisalongaccumulation. B.Itisawinningcondition.C.Itisameasuringstandard. D.Itisastudentachievement.10.Howdoesthebusreplacementbringbetterstudentattendance?A.Byreducingthenetworkconnectivity.B.Bybetteringthehealthstateofstudents.C.Byimprovingstudentsatisfactionwithschools.D.Bymeetingstudents’demandforschoolbusdrivers.11.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.The“networkconnectivity”inthebrain.B.Thegreatworkoncleanerschoolbuses.C.AU.S.governmentprogramforeducation.D.Betterattendanceduetonewschoolbuses.【答案】8.D9.A10.B11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了美國校巴更新計劃如何減少柴油污染，提高學生出勤率和健康水平。老舊巴士被指出對學生健康不利，新巴士實施后出勤有所改善。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“U.S.andCanadiankidsgettoschoolbybus.Mostofthosebusesrunondiesel(柴油)fuel,whichgiveoutpollutionthatriderscantakein.Pollutionlevelscanbeseveraltimeshigherinsideadieselschoolbusthanoutsideit.Why?Pollutioncanleakinfromthefloororblowinthroughwindows.”（美國和加拿大的孩子坐公共汽車上學。這些公共汽車大多使用柴油燃料，而柴油所產(chǎn)生的污染會讓乘客吸入。柴油校車內(nèi)的污染水平可能比外面高幾倍。為什么？污染可以從（校車）地板漏進來，或者從窗戶吹進來。）可知，從第一段我們可以推斷出柴油校車對學生有很大的危害。故選D項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thosenumbersmaysoundsmall,buttheyaddup.Andschoolattendancemattersforstudentachievement.Almost3millionU.S.kidsrideschoolbusesmorethan20yearsold.IfU.S.schooldistrictshadreplacedallofthoseolderbuses,therewouldhavebeen1.3millionfewerstudentabsenceseachyear.”（這些數(shù)字聽起來可能很小，但積少成多。出勤率對學生的成績很重要。近300萬美國兒童乘坐的校車年齡超過20歲。如果美國的學區(qū)更換了所有的舊巴士，那么就只有1輛了。每年減少300萬學生缺勤。）可知，學校出勤率的增加很小卻很重要是因為這是一個積累的過程。故選A項。【10題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Theremightbeotherreasonsforbetterattendance.Forexample,maybekidspreferrednewbuses.However,themostlikelyreasonforfewerstudentabsenceswasbetterhealth.”（提高出勤率可能還有其他原因。例如，也許孩子們更喜歡新公交車。然而，學生缺勤減少最有可能的原因是健康狀況好轉(zhuǎn)。）可知，公交車更換通過改善學生的健康狀況來提高學生出勤率。故選B項?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。全文主要談?wù)摰氖歉鼡Q新校巴帶來的更好的學生出勤率。文中詳細說明了美國某些學區(qū)采取行動換新巴士后，學生的出勤情況如何改善，以及這一改變?nèi)绾畏e極影響到學生的健康和學習成績。盡管文中也提到了美國政府的項目和對大腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接性的研究，但這些都是為了支持主題。因此D選項“Betterattendanceduetonewschoolbuses”（由于有了新的校車，出勤率提高了。）正確地反映了文本的主旨。故選D項。DResearchershaveproposedanovelmethodforcountingandtrackingvehiclesonpublicroads,adevelopmentthatcouldimprovecurrenttrafficsystemsandhelptravelersgettotheirdestinationsfaster.UsingthecamerasalreadyinstalledoncampusbusesattheOhioStateUniversity,researchersprovedthattheycouldautomaticallyandaccuratelymeasurecountsofvehiclesonurbanroadways,detectobjectsintheroadanddistinguishparkedvehiclesfromthosethataremoving.Inpreviousstudies,OhioStateresearchersfoundthatusingthesemobilecamerasprovidesmuchbetterspatialandtemporal(時間的)coveragethanrelyingonoftentemporarilyplacedsensorsthatdon’tprovideaviewofmanystreetsandroadsinacity.“Ifwecollectandprocessmorehighresolution(高清)spatialinformationaboutwhat’shappeningontheroads,thenplannerscouldbetterunderstandchangesindemand,effectivelyimprovingefficiencyinthebroadertransportationsystem,”saidKeithRedmill,leadauthorofthestudy.“Ifwecanmeasuretrafficinawaythatisasgoodorbetterthanwhatisconventionallydonewithfixedsensors,thenwewillhavecreatedsomethingincrediblyusefulextremelycheaply,”hesaid.“Ourgoalistostartbuildingasystemthatcoulddothiswithoutmuchmanualinterventionbecauseifyouwanttocollectthisinformationoverlotsofpotentialvehiclesandlotsoftime,it’sworthfullyautomatingthatprocess.”Whilestillalongwayfromtotalimplementation(實施),thestudysuggeststhesystem’sresultsbearpromiseforthefutureofintelligenttrafficsurveillance.Transportationplanners,engineersandoperatorsmakevitaldecisionsaboutthefutureofourroadways,sowhendesigningtransportationsystemstoworkoverthenext30to50years,it’snecessarythatwegivethemdatathatallowsthemtoimprovetheefficiencyofthesystemandthelevelofserviceprovidedtotravelers.12.Howcancamerasonbusesbenefittravelers?A.Byshorteningtheirtraveltime.B.Bymakingtheirschedulestight.C.Bydecreasingtheirtransportcost.D.Byimprovingtheirsafetyawareness.13.Whatcanweknowaboutthesensorsplacedonbuses?A.Theyprovidemorespatialcoverage.B.Theycan’tdetectobjectsontheroad.C.Theycoverlessviewoftheurbantraffic.D.Theyaccuratelyrecordtheflowoftraffic.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“surveillance”inparagraph6mean?A.Operation. B.Monitoring. C.Protection. D.Arrangement.15.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TransportationautomationisonitswayB.ItistimetoimprovetheefficiencyoftrafficsystemC.TransportationplannersusecamerastomakepoliciesD.Camerasinstalledonbusescanbettermeasuretraffic【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹的是研究人員提出了一種新方法來統(tǒng)計和追蹤公共道路上的車輛，這一發(fā)展有望改善當前的交通系統(tǒng)，幫助旅行者更快地到達目的地?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Researchershaveproposedanovelmethodforcountingandtrackingvehiclesonpublicroads,adevelopmentthatcouldimprovecurrenttrafficsystemsandhelptravelersgettotheirdestinationsfaster.(研究人員提出了一種計算和跟蹤公共道路上車輛新方法，這一發(fā)展可以改善當前的交通系統(tǒng)，幫助旅行者更快地到達目的地)”可知，研究人員提出的是一種新的方法即在巴士上的攝像頭能夠幫助旅行者更快的到達目的地，即縮短出行時間。故選A?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Inpreviousstudies,OhioStateresearchersfoundthatusingthesemobilecamerasprovidesmuchbetterspatialandtemporal(時間的)coveragethanrelyingonoftentemporarilyplacedsensorsthatdon’tprovideaviewofmanystreetsandroadsinacity.(在之前的研究中，俄亥俄州立大學的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，使用這些移動攝像頭可以提供更好的空間和時間覆蓋，而不是依賴于通常臨時放置的傳感器，這些傳感器不能提供城市中許多街道和道路的視圖)”可知，安裝在公交車上的傳感器不能提供城市中許多道路和街道的視圖。由此推知，它們對城市交通的覆蓋較少。故選C。【14題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中“UsingthecamerasalreadyinstalledoncampusbusesattheOhioStateUniversity,researchersprovedthattheycouldautomaticallyandaccuratelymeasurecountsofvehiclesonurbanroadways,detectobjectsintheroadanddistinguishparkedvehiclesfromthosethataremoving.(俄亥俄州立大學的研究人員利用已經(jīng)安裝在校園公交車上的攝像頭，證明了它們可以自動準確地測量城市道路上的車輛數(shù)量，探測道路上的物體，并區(qū)分停放的車輛和行駛的車輛)”以及劃線詞前面的內(nèi)容“Whilestillalongwayfromtotalimplementation(實施),thestudysuggeststhesystem’sresultsbearpromiseforthefuture

...(雖然距離全面實施還有很長的路要走，但研究表明，該系統(tǒng)的結(jié)果對未來充滿希望…)”可知，安裝在公交車上的攝像頭能夠自動準確地測量城市道路上的車輛數(shù)量，探測道路上的物體，并區(qū)分停放的車輛和行駛的車輛，雖然距離全面實施這項技術(shù)還有很長的路要走，但研究表明，該系統(tǒng)的結(jié)果對未來的交通監(jiān)控室充滿希望的。故劃線詞與B選項“Monitoring.(監(jiān)控)”為同義詞。故選B?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“UsingthecamerasalreadyinstalledoncampusbusesattheOhioStateUniversity,researchersprovedthattheycouldautomaticallyandaccuratelymeasurecountsofvehiclesonurbanroadways,detectobjectsintheroadanddistinguishparkedvehiclesfromthosethataremoving.(俄亥俄州立大學的研究人員利用已經(jīng)安裝在校園公交車上的攝像頭，證明了它們可以自動準確地測量城市道路上的車輛數(shù)量，探測道路上的物體，并區(qū)分停放的車輛和行駛的車輛)”以及通讀全文可知，文章講述的是研究人員提出了一種新方法來統(tǒng)計和追蹤公共道路上的車輛，這一發(fā)展有望改善當前的交通系統(tǒng)，幫助旅行者更快地到達目的地。由此可知，D選項“Camerasinstalledonbusescanbettermeasuretraffic(安裝在公交車上的攝像頭可以更好地測量交通狀況)”概括文章主要內(nèi)容，符合文章標題。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Gettingandstayingfocusedcanbeachallengeeveninthebestoftimes.Butwitheverythinggoingonintheworld,concentratingcanoftenfeeldownrightimpossible.Belowaresometipstohelpyoufindyourflow.Distract(使分心)yourbrain.Scheduleintoeveryworkdaysomebreaksfromallthatfocusingandallowyourmindtotravelintowhat’scalledthe“default(默認的)modenetwork”forabitoffreestyleactivities.___16___.It’stheplacewhereourmindsfindinnovationandcreativityandoftenmakebetterdecisionsthanthefocusedmind.___17___.Thisinvolvesfirstturningyourattentioninward.Trytravelingwithyourmindtosomeplaceenjoyable—maybeit’sawalkthroughanimaginaryforestorsunbathingonawarmsandybeach.Doingthisseveraltimesadaycanofferyourmindafreshapproachtothejobathand.Blockinterruptionsbeforedivingintodeepwork.___18___.Tohelp,turnofftextmessaging,notificationsandsocialmediaalerts.Bevitalwhenyouwantadeepdiveintofocus.Yourimportantworkbenefitswhenyoushutofforputawayyourphoneandotherscreens.Knowyourbodyclock.Whetheryouaresharpinthemorningoranightowldon’tspendyourday—inparticularyourpeakbrainhours—doingbusywork.___19___.Trynewhobbies.Engaginginhobbiesnotonlyisfunbutcanhelpuseupwithnewsolutionstoproblemswe’refacingatworkorhome.___20___A.TrytodaydreamwhathappenedB.WetrytoobtainfocusbutinvainC.EngageinpositiveconstructivedaydreamingD.Instead,reserveyourbestbraintimeforthebigstuffE.ThisnetworkofthebraincircuitiswheremagichappensF.Ourdaysarefilledwithdistractions,fromothersandourselvesG.Allowingyourmindtimetoplayisanotherwaytoinviteinnovation【答案】16.E17.C18.F19.D20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了幾種提高注意力的方法?！?6題詳解】上文“Scheduleintoeveryworkdaysomebreaksfromallthatfocusingandallowyourmindtotravelintowhat’scalledthe“default(默認的)modenetwork”forabitoffreestyleactivities.(在每個工作日安排一些休息時間，讓你的大腦進入所謂的‘默認模式網(wǎng)絡(luò)’”，進行一些自由活動。)”建議在每個工作日安排一些休息時間，讓大腦進入“默認模式網(wǎng)絡(luò)”；E選項“Thisnetworkofthebraincircuitiswheremagichappens(這個大腦回路網(wǎng)絡(luò)就是奇跡發(fā)生的地方)”承接上文，對大腦的“默認模式網(wǎng)絡(luò)”進一步闡述，選線中的“Thisnetwork”指代上文中的“default(默認的)modenetwork”。故選E?！?7題詳解】句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，設(shè)空處此段為主旨句；下文“Thisinvolvesfirstturningyourattentioninward.Trytravelingwithyourmindtosomeplaceenjoyable—maybeit’sawalkthroughanimaginaryforestorsunbathingonawarmsandybeach.Doingthisseveraltimesadaycanofferyourmindafreshapproachtothejobathand.(這包括首先將你的注意力轉(zhuǎn)向內(nèi)部。試著帶著你的思想去一個令人愉快的地方旅行——也許是在想象中的森林里散步，或者在溫暖的沙灘上曬日光浴。)”建議想象自己去一個令人愉快的地方旅行，比如想象中的森林里散步，或者在溫暖的沙灘上曬太陽；C選項“Engageinpositiveconstructivedaydreaming(做一些積極的、有建設(shè)性的白日夢)”能夠概括本段主旨，適合作為主旨句。故選C?！?8題詳解】本段主旨句“Blockinterruptionsbeforedivingintodeepwork.(在投入工作之前屏蔽干擾)”指出投入工作之前要屏蔽干擾；下文“Tohelp,turnofftextmessaging,notificationsandsocialmediaalerts.(為了有所幫助，關(guān)閉短信、通知和社交媒體提醒。)”指出關(guān)閉短信、通知和社交媒體提醒等會幫助屏蔽干擾，提高注意力；F選項“Ourdaysarefilledwithdistractions,fromothersandourselves(我們生活充滿了干擾，來自他人和自己)”指出我們生活中充滿干擾，符合語境。故選F?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Whetheryouaresharpinthemorningoranightowl,don’tspendyourday—inparticularyourpeakbrainhours—doingbusywork.(無論你是早晨思維敏捷還是夜貓子，都不要把一天的時間——尤其是大腦最活躍的時間——花在消磨時間的工作上。)”指出不要把一天的時間，尤其是大腦最活躍的時間花在消磨時間的工作上；D選項“Instead,reserveyourbestbraintimeforthebigstuff(相反，把你大腦最好的時間留給重要的事情)”提出應(yīng)該把大腦最好的時間用于做重要的事情，符合語境，選項中的“thebigstuff”與上文中的“busywork”相對應(yīng)。故選D。【20題詳解】上文“Trynewhobbies.Engaginginhobbiesnotonlyisfunbutcanhelpuseupwithnewsolutionstoproblemswe’refacingatworkorhome.(嘗試新愛好。從事業(yè)余愛好不僅有趣，而且可以幫助我們想出解決工作或家庭中遇到的問題的新方法。)”建議嘗試新的愛好，并指出這可以幫助我們想出解決問題的新方法；G項“Allowingyourmindtimetoplayisanotherwaytoinviteinnovation(讓你的大腦有時間玩耍是另一種激發(fā)創(chuàng)新的方式)”承接上文，闡述嘗試新愛好的益處，符合語境。故選G。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Thisisatruestorythattookplaceafewdaysago.Thiswomanlooked___21___,butshewasveryprettyinmyeyes.Imetthemostbeautifulwomaninashop.Shewasn’tthat___22___asshewas5feetatthemost.Her___23___wasbent,too.Shewasthinandherfacewas___24___withblackagespotsfromalifetimeofworkinginthesun.Herhairwasthinandwhite.Shewasatleast80yearsoldandmighthavebeenover90.Shemoved___25___andwithgreatcare.However,whenshe___26___atyouintheeyeandspoketoyou,youcouldseeher___27___beautyshiningthrough.Herfacewaswrinkledfromavery___28___lifeofhardworkanddifficulty.Butitwasthelinesaroundhereyesthatcaughtmy___29___.Thesewrinklesweredeepandforever“canyons”thathadbeen____30____byamillionsmilesandalifetimeoflaughter.Her____31____weredeepsetandhiddenbehindthick,heavyglasses.Butyoucouldstillseealovelylight____32____outofthem.Whenshetalkedtoyou,theywerebrightwithawonderfulshinethattoldyoushewas____33____withfaith,love,hope,kindnessandjoy.Ionly____34____herforaminuteortwo,yetIleftfeelingbetter,andhappier.Ionlyhopethatonedaymyownfacewill____35____thesignsthathersdid,showingahappylife,andalovedlife.21.A.ordinary B.accessible C.delightful D.delicate22.A.depressed B.efficient C.tall D.lazy23.A.foot B.image C.back D.dignity24.A.awarded B.covered C.associated D.issued25.A.slowly B.firmly C.finally D.obviously26.A.wondered B.looked C.glared D.pointed27.A.superb B.slight C.typical D.true28.A.long B.mon C.reserved D.strange29.A.concern B.attention C.curiosity D.sympathy30.A.rewarded B.motivated C.formed D.integrated31.A.options B.emotions C.smiles D.eyes32.A.escaping B.shining C.dying D.swinging33.A.anxious B.pared C.content D.filled34.A.castoff B.focusedon C.spoketo D.applaudedfor35.A.change B.present C.lose D.improve【答案】21.A22.C23.C24.B25.A26.B27.D28.A29.B30.C31.D32.B33.D34.C35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者幾天前在一家商店里遇到了一個女人，雖然她看起來很普通，但是在作者眼里卻很漂亮，因為當她看著你的眼睛和你說話時，你可以看到她真正的美麗，她內(nèi)心充滿了信仰、愛、希望、善良和喜悅，作者希望有一天自己的臉也能像她那樣，顯示出幸福的生活和被愛的生活。【21題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這個女人看起來很普通，但在我眼里卻很漂亮。A.ordinary普通的；B.accessible可接近的；C.delightful令人愉快的；D.delicate精美的。根據(jù)下文“butshewasveryprettyinmyeyes”可知，上下文語義有轉(zhuǎn)折，下文說作者認為這個女人很漂亮，因此此處指她看起來很普通。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她沒有那么高，最多只有5英尺。A.depressed沮喪的；B.efficient高效的；C.tall高的；D.lazy懶惰的。根據(jù)下文“asshewas5feetatthemost”可知，此處描述這個女人的身高，應(yīng)該指她沒有那么高。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她的背也彎了。A.foot腳；B.image形象；C.back背部；D.dignity尊嚴。根據(jù)上文“Shewasn’tthat___2___asshewas5feetatthemost.”和下文“Shewasthinandherfacewas___4___withblackagespotsfromalifetimeofworkinginthesun.”可知，本段主要描述這個女人的外形，再結(jié)合空后“wasbent”可推知，此處指她的背也彎了。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她很瘦，由于常年在太陽下工作，臉上布滿了黑色的老年斑。A.awarded授予；B.covered覆蓋；C.associated聯(lián)想；D.issued發(fā)行。根據(jù)上文“herface”和下文“withblackagespotsfromalifetimeofworkinginthesun”可推知，此處描述這個女人的臉部，她的臉應(yīng)該是因為日曬而布滿了黑色的老年斑，固定短語becoveredwith意為“被……覆蓋，充滿著”。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：她緩慢而小心地移動著。A.slowly慢慢地；B.firmly堅定地