2024屆四川省成都市高三年級(jí)下冊(cè)二診考試英語(yǔ)試題（含解析）

2024屆四川省成都市高三下學(xué)期二診考試英語(yǔ)試題

學(xué)校:姓名：班級(jí)：考號(hào)：

一、閱讀理解

ThePritzkerArchitecturePrizeisknownastheNobelPrizeforarchitects.Eachyearitis

awardedtoprofessionals-anindividualorteamwhohavemadeimportantcontributionsto

thefieldofarchitectureanddesign.HereisalistofsomePritzkerwinners.

IeohMingPei

Chinese-bornarchitectIeohMingPeitendedtouselarge,abstractformsandsharp,

geometricdesigns.Hisglass-coveredstructuresseemtospringfromthehigh-techmodernist

movement.Thejury（評(píng)委會(huì)）noted,t4Peihasdesignedover50projects,manyofwhichhave

beenawardwinners.TwoofhismostfamousdesignshaveincludedtheEastBuildingofthe

NationalGalleryofArtinWashington,D.C.,andtheextensionoftheLouvreinParis,

France.46

KenzoTange

Thismasterofarchitecturewasoneofthemostsignificantarchitectsofthe20thcentury,

combiningtraditionalJapanesestyleswithmodernism.Hisamazingandvisionaryconcepts

ofarchitectureledthePritzkerJurytoawardhimthePritzkerPrize,makinghimthefirst

Japanesearchitecttowinthisprestigiousaward.

DiebedoFrancisKere

Recognizedfor"'empoweringandtransformingcommunitiesthroughtheprocessof

architecture”,DiebedoFrancisKerehaswon2022PritzkerArchitecturePrize,becomingthe

firstAfricanarchitecttoobtaintheaward.Thejurypraisedhimfordevelopingan

architecturalbeautybasedonlocalclimaticconditions.

BalkrishnaDoshi

BalkrishnaDoshi,thefirstPritzkerLaureatefromIndia,studiedinBombay,today's

Mumbai,andfurtheredhisstudiesinEurope.ThePritzkerjurysaidabouthisselection,

“BalkrishnaDoshiconstantlydemonstratesthatallgoodarchitectureandurbanplanning

musttakeintoaccountfactorssuchasclimate.

1.Whoisgoodatcombiningtraditionalstylesandmodernism?

A.DiebedoFrancisKere.B.IeohMingPei.

C.BalkrishnaDoshi.D.KenzoTange.

2.WhatdoDiebedoFrancisKereandBalkrishnaDoshihaveincommon?

A.Theirnationality.B.Theirdesignphilosophy.

C.Thecommunitiestheyserve.D.Theeducationalbackground.

3.Wherecanthetextbefound?

A.Inabrochure.B.Inabiography.

C.Inanadvertisement.D.Inamagazine.

“Sticksandstonesmaybreakmybones,butwordswillneverharmme,“isanoldsaying

myfourth-gradeteacheroncetoldme.Igrewupthinkingaslongaspeopledidn'tphysically

hurteachother,hurtfulwordsweretobetolerated,butIchangedmymindafterreading

LindaO'Connell'sstory,TwoLittleWordswithaBigImpact.Shediscussedtwowords:"and”

and“but”,andexplainedhow"but"canbeoneofthemostdestructivewords.

ThenIrealizedIhadbeenhurtbytheword"but”,andthatIhadwoundedothers,too,by

usingthewordthoughtlessly.Forexample,whenIwasateacherandeditedmystudents5

stories,Iwouldalwayssaytheircontentwasgood,butthenIwouldaddcommentssuchas

“butyouneedtomakeyourcharactersmorerealistic.^^Icouldhavesaid,“Yourcontentis

goodandmakingyourcharactersmorebelievablewillmakeitevenbetter.

Insettingupguidelinesforcommentingonwriters,Irealizeweneedtopraiseeachother,

makehelpfulremarks,andthenpraiseeachotheragain,withoutusingtheword"but."I

rememberacollegeprofessorwhosaid,“Thereisnosuchthingasconstructivecriticism.

Criticismiscriticism.Shehasnowpassedon,butherwordsremainwithmealways.

Myfourth-gradeteacher9squotewasaimedatwhatshethoughtwasharmless

playgroundteasing,buteventeasinghurts.Today,wecanreadsadnewsrelatedtomany

storieswherepeoplehavebeenterriblyhurtbyuglywordsandsufferedalot.NowIrealize

theimportanceofthinkingbeforespeaking,eventoavoidseeminglyunimportantwordslike

“but."Sticksandstonesbreakourbones,butthoughtlesswordsalsodoharm.Theycanleave

marksforalifetime.

4.Whatchangedtheauthor'sattitudetohurtfulwords?

A.Ateacher'sadvice.

B.Hispersonalexperience.

C.Acollegeprofessor'swords.

D.AstorybyLindaO'Connell.

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5.WhatmessagedoestheexampleinParagraph2convey?

A.Theauthorused"but"toooften.

B.Theauthorcouldtoleratecriticism.

C.Themisuseof"but"canhurtothers.

D.Realisticcharactersareneededinwriting.

6.Whichwordscanbestdescribetheauthor?

A.Honestandwarm-hearted.B.Devotedandco-operative.

C.Optimisticandopen-minded.D.Caringandself-reflective.

7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Thebenefitsoflearningfrommistakes.

B.Thelong-lastingeffectofhurtfulwords.

C.Theimportanceofusingwordsthoughtfully.

D.Thedifferencebetweenphysicalandemotionalharm.

TwopowerfulNASAtelescopeshavedetectedtheoldestandmostdistantblackhole

everfound.DatacollectedviaenergeticX-raysbytheChandraX-rayObservatoryandJames

WebbSpaceTelescopehashelpedastronomersspotthesignatureofagrowingblackhole

withintheearlyuniversejust470millionyearsafterthebigbang,whichoccurred13.8

billionyearsago.Thediscovery,describedinastudypublishedinNatureAstronomy,may

helpastronomersfigureouthowsomeofthefirstsupermassiveblackholesformedinthe

universe.

“WeneededWebbtofindthisremarkablydistantgalaxy（星系）andChandratofindits

supermassiveblackhole,usaidleadstudyauthorAkosBogdan,inastatement.,,Wealsotook

advantageofacosmicmagnifyingglass（宇宙放大鏡）thatboostedtheamountoflightwe

detected.64Hewasreferringtoaneffectcalledgravitationallensing（引力透鏡效應(yīng)），which

occurswhencloserobjectsactlikeamagnifyingglassfordistantobjects.Gravityessentially

twistsandstrengthensthelightofdistantgalaxiesinthebackgroundofwhateverisdoingthe

magnifying,enablingobservationsofotherwiseinvisiblefeatures.

AstronomersdetectedtheblackholeinagalaxycalledUHZ1.Atfirstglance,thegalaxy

appearedinthesamedirectionasaclusterofgalaxiesknownasAbell2744,whichislocated

about3.5billionlight-yearsfromEarth.ButdatacollectedbytheWebbtelescopeshowed

thatUHZ1isactuallymuchfartherawayandlocatedbeyondtheclusterat13.2billion

light-yearsfromEarth.

TheteamusedtheChandraObservatorytodetectsuperheatedgasreleasingX-rays

withinUHZ1,theobvioussignofasupermassiveblackholegrowinginsize.Thedetection

wasmadepossiblebytheAbellclusterofgalaxies,whichintensifiedthelightoftheUHZ1

galaxyandtheX-raysreleasedbytheblackholebyafactoroffour.

Astronomersthinkthediscoverywillhelpthembetterunderstandhowsupermassive

blackholesappearedandreachedtheirhugemassessosoonafterthebeginningofthe

universe.

8.Whafsthepossibleageofthenewly-foundblackhole?

A.470millionyears.B.13.33billionyears.

C.13.8billionyears.D.14.27billionyears.

9.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?

A.Theprocessoftheresearch.

B.Thesignificanceofthediscovery.

C.Thecontributorstothediscovery.

D.Thebackgroundoftheresearch.

10.WhichbestshowsthepositionofAbell2744,EarthandUHZ1?

(A：Abell27441E：Earth；

c.

U：UHZ1)

11.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TheOldestandMostDistantBlackHoleSpotted.

B.TwoPowerfulNASATelescopesComingintoService.

C.NewSupportingEvidenceoftheBigBangTheoryDetected.

D.AstronomersFiguringOutHowtheFirstBlackHolesFormed.

There'sanenormousamountofpersonalhealthinformationpeoplenowfeedortapinto

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digitalmonitors,healthapps,searchenginesandotheronlinetools.Ifthesameinformation

wereprovidedinyourdoctor9soffice,yourprivacywouldbesafeguarded.Butthafsnothow

thedigitizedhealthworldworks.

Instead,wehaveanecosystemofabuseinwhichhealthtechnologycompaniesoperate

largelyoutsidethelawthatrequiresdoctorsandothermedicalpersonnel,hospitalsand

insurerstoprotectanindividuaFshealthinformation.

Thatmeanstechnologycompaniescan——anddo-digyourdigitaldataforcluesabout

yourhealthstatus,accessinginformationlikeprescriptionsyouhavepurchasedandother

healthservicesyoumighthavesought,andpotentiallylinkthisinformationtoyourname,

address,emailaddressandotherpersonallyidentifyinginformation.Thedatacanthenbe

usedbyplatformsincludingFacebookandGoogletohelpadvertiserstargetpromotionsor

othercommunicationstoyou.

Ifsagapingholeinhealthprivacyprotectionsthatcomesfromtheprivacylaw,which

protectsinteractionsbetweenpatients,medicalprofessionalsandinsurersbutdoesnot,in

mostcases,protectpatienthealthdatathatisrecordedonnewtechnologies.

Closingthepatientprivacygapcan-andshould-beapriorityforlawmakers.The

consequencesofdigitalexposureforthoseseekingreproductiveserviceshavedrawn

significantconcernandattention.Theseworriesarereasonable.Butreproductivecareisonly

oneareaofhealthserviceswhereprivatepatientinformationisdigitallydisclosed.

Therefore,lawmakersmusttakeactiontoprotecttheprivacyofpeoplewhoarenow

onlineforallmannersofpersonal,professionalandotherreasons.Untilthen,anarrowly

targetedapproachthatprotectshealthprivacymaybepoliticallyeasiertocomeintoeffect.

Theexplosionofdigitalhealthtechnologyandthedramaticincreaseinitsuseinthepastfew

yearsrequireitgreatly.

12.Whatcanwelearnaboutthepresentsituationofthedigitizedhealthworld?

A.Personalhealthdataisusedforotherpurposes.

B.Personalhealthinformationisdifficulttoidentify.

C.Targetedpromotionsareusedtoimprovepeople'shealth.

D.Medicalpersonnelprotectthepersonalhealthinformationwell.

13.Whafstheauthor'sattitudetowardsthepresentprivacylaw?

A.Approving.B.Critical.C.Cautious.D.Ambiguous.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph6referto?

A.Thespreadofhealthservice.

B.People'sprivacy.

C.Anarrowlytargetedapproach.

D.Theexplosionofdigitaltechnology.

15.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?

A.Toadvocateimprovementintheprivacylaw.

B.Toreportcasesofillegalinformationexposure.

C.Toexplainhowthedigitizedhealthworldworks.

D.Tointroduceadebateontheeffectoftechnology.

There?snogoodreasonnottohaveameaningfullife16Butthroughcareful

thinkingandself-reflection,wecantakestepstochangethat.

Onethingthatcanhelpyoufindmeaninginyourlifeisstructured,systematicreflection.

17Thenfollowuponthatbyreflectingonwhatyou'dHketoaddtoyourlifeandwhat

youcouldgetridoftomakeitmoremeaningful.Ifthisprovestricky,trytakingalookatthe

livesofpeopleyourespectandthinkingaboutwhatmakesyouthinktheirlivesare

meaningful.

18Imagineyourself,afewdecadesfromnow,findingoutthatyouonlyhavea

fewmonthsorevenonlyafewdaystolive.Whatareyouhappytohavedoneandsadnotto

havedone?Remindingyourselfthatlifehasalimitwillhelpyoufocusonwhattrulymatters.

Whafsmore,ifyoutakeacloserlook,youmightrealizethatyourlifeisalreadyfullof

meaning.Alltoooftenwedon'trecognizewhafsimportantuntilwearelikelytoloseit.But

there5snoneedtowaitforadversitytohelpyouappreciatethegreatthingsinyourlife.

19

Finally,youcanmakesmallchangesandcreatenewhabitsthatwillhelpyouappreciate

thevalueinyourlife.20Thiscanhelpyoucultivateadeepersenseofgratitudeand

findjoyinthesimplepleasuresofeverydaylife.

A.Firstly,trytobemoreawareofyourpreference.

B.Itcanalsohelptoseeyourlifefromanewangle.

C.Thereareusualargumentsabouthowlifeismeaningless.

D.Sadly,wearealwaysleftstrugglingtofindmeaninginlife.

E.Youcanalwaysexposeyourselftothevaluethafsallaroundyou.

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F.Startbymakingalistofthingsthatarealreadymeaningfulinyourlife.

G.Itcomesdowntotryingtoseeallthesmallthingsinyourlifewithfresheyes.

二、完形填空

Attheageof16,1wenttoAustraliaasanexchangestudentandlivedwithahostfamily.

EventhoughIhadmadesomepreparations,thecultureshockwasstill21.

Duringthefirstmonths,whichiscalledthe"'honeymoonphase“ofcultureshock,Iwas

super22tobeinadifferentcultureandfoundeverything23andexciting.

Butsoon,thingsstartedtofeel24.Differencesbecamemoreapparentandfrustrating

25populatedmyhead:"IwishpeoplewouldjustbeabletospeakGermanforoneday!”

“Iwishpublictransportationwould...Thesethoughtswereofcoursehighly26.

However,they5repartofthe"'negotiationphase^^.

Overthenextfewmonths,though,feelingsofadjustmentandbelonginggradually

27.Idevelopedmyownroutine,learnedtoadapttothe28,andmademanynew

friends.Ihadslowlyandunknowingly29the'"adjustmentphase”.Ihadadaptedmy

ownbehaviorandlearnedto30newwaysofthinkingandattitudes.MyEnglish

hadimproved31!

ThingsstartedtomakesenseandI32Australianculturebetterandbetter!

Thatwasamajor33formepersonally.EverydayIfeltmore34with

mynewhome.Iadoptedmanynewtraits（特'性）whilealso35earlieronesfrom

myhomecountry.Thisprocessiscalledthe“masteryphase”.Myhappiestmomentwaswhen

mydearfriendoneday36duringaconversation:"Jude,you37just

likeus!You'reanAustraliannow!^^IhadtransformedfromasilenttimidGermantoan

almostaccent-freebiculturalAustralian/German.

The38ofcultureshockaredifferentforeveryoneandcancausedifferent

behaviorsand39.Butonethingisforsurethough:Cultureshockcannotbe

avoidedand40isthefirststeptowardsadaptingtoaforeignculture.

21.A.unavoidableB.unbearableC.unbelievableD.unforgettable

22.A.worriedB.lonelyC.thrilledD.proud

23.A.similarB.expensiveC.advancedD.fresh

24.A.uncontrollableB.oddC.distractingD.worthless

25.A.experiencesB.commentsC.thoughtsD.news

26.A.effortlessB.unimportantC.unhelpfulD.aimless

27.A.tookoverB.brokeoutC.wentonD.fadedaway

28.A.requirementsB.trendC.behaviorsD.stress

29.A.missedB.enteredC.completedD.created

30.A.appreciateB.meetC.ignoreD.change

31.A.slowlyB.dramaticallyC.suddenlyD.regularly

32.A.memorizedB.introducedC.understoodD.analyzed

33.A.breakthroughB.barrierC.dilemmaD.method

34.A.patientB.familiarC.carefulD.comfortable

35.A.keepingB.enjoyingC.rememberingD.spreading

36.A.complainedB.remarkedC.declaredD.emphasized

37.A.lookB.soundC.eatD.dress

38.A.effectsB.descriptionsC.advantagesD.attractions

39.A.understandingB.changesC.feelingsD.response

40.A.questioningB.explorationC.imitationD.acceptance

三、語(yǔ)法填空

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Chinaisacountryrichinteaculture.41(add)totheintangible(非物質(zhì)的)

culturalheritage(遺產(chǎn))listoftheUNESCO,China's,traditionaltea-makingbecamethe

country's43rdonthelist.Thisrecognitionwillmakethisculturalheritage42(visible)

tothepublicthanbeforeandhelppromoterespectforculturaldiversityandhumancreativity.

Thetraditionaltea-makinginChinaisawholesystem43(involve)knowledge,

skills,andpracticesaboutthe44(manage)ofteaplantations,pickingoftealeaves,

manualprocessing,drinking,andsharingoftea.ThehistoryofChinesetea45(date)

fromover3,000yearsago.Sincethen,Chinesepeoplehavebeenplanting,picking,making,

anddrinkingtea.TeaproducersinChinahavesuccessfullydevelopedsixcategoriesoftea:

green,yellow,dark,white,oolong,andblackteas,each46itsownflavorandhealth

benefits.Forinstance,greenteaisfamousforitshealthbenefits,47blackteais

knownforitsstrongflavor.Togetherwithprocessedteas,suchasflower-scentedteas,there

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are48(total)over2,000teaproductsinChina.

TeaisanessentialpartofChinesecultureandtradition.49iscommonin

Chinesepeople'sdailylife,assteeped(浸泡的)orboiledtea50(serve)infamilies,

workplaces,teahouses,andrestaurants,tonameafew.Ifsalsoimportantforsocialization

andceremoniessuchasweddings.

四、改錯(cuò)

51.假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文

中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或

修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(八)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。

修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及修改均僅限一詞。

2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。

LastFriday,IwasplayingbasketballwiththefriendonthecourtwhenIaccidentallyhit

apassedstudentwiththeball.Ifeltterriblyandimmediatelyapologizedhim.Hewasinpain

andIknewIhavetodosomethingtohelphim.Iofferedtowalkhimtothenurseofficeand

waitedwithhimuntilhefeltwellthanbefore.Iwasalsocarriedhisbooksandaccompanied

himfortherestoftheday.Ilearnedthatinthefuturehoweverhappens,weshouldtake

responsibilityfortheiractionsandmakethingsright.

五、書信寫作

52.你校英文報(bào)正舉辦以“ThePowerofSmile”為題的征文比賽，請(qǐng)結(jié)合自身經(jīng)歷寫一篇

短文投稿，內(nèi)容包括：

1.自身經(jīng)歷；

2.你的感悟。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)100左右；

2.題目已為你寫好。

ThePowerofSmile

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參考答案:

1.D2.B3.D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】

本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了普利茲克建筑獎(jiǎng)及其一些獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)?，包括他們的建筑風(fēng)格

和成就，為讀者提供了關(guān)于這一獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)及其獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)叩南嚓P(guān)信息和背景知識(shí)。

1.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章KenzoTange部分中的“Thismasterofarchitecturewasoneofthemost

significantarchitectsofthe20thcentury,combiningtraditionalJapanesestyleswithmodernism.（這

位建筑大師是20世紀(jì)最重要的建筑師之一，他將傳統(tǒng)的日本風(fēng)格與現(xiàn)代主義相結(jié)合。）”可

知，KenzGTange善于把傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)格和現(xiàn)代主義結(jié)合起來(lái)。故選D。

2.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章DiebedoFrancisKere部分中的“Thejurypraisedhimfordevelopingan

architecturalbeautybasedonlocalclimaticconditions.（評(píng)審團(tuán)稱贊他在當(dāng)?shù)貧夂驐l件的基礎(chǔ)上

創(chuàng)造了建筑之美。）”和BalkrishnaDoshi部分中的“ThePritzkerjurysaidabouthisselection,

t6BalkrishnaDoshiconstantlydemonstratesthatallgoodarchitectureandurbanplanningmusttake

intoaccountfactorssuchasclimate.”（普利茲克評(píng)審團(tuán)對(duì)他的選擇說(shuō)：“BalkrishnaDoshi不斷證

明，所有優(yōu)秀的建筑和城市規(guī)劃都必須考慮氣候等因素?！保笨芍?，DiCbCd。FrancisK&6和

BalkrishnaDoshi都認(rèn)為建筑要考慮氣候，也就是他們倆的設(shè)計(jì)理念是一樣的。故選B。

3.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，本文介紹了普利茲克建筑獎(jiǎng)及其一些獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)?，并詳?xì)描述

了他們的建筑風(fēng)格、成就以及對(duì)建筑界的貢獻(xiàn)。這種類型的信息和文章通常出現(xiàn)在雜志或新

聞?lì)惓霭嫖镏?，因?yàn)檫@些媒體會(huì)定期報(bào)道文化、藝術(shù)和社會(huì)事件。故選D。

4.D5.C6.D7.C

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】

本文是一篇議論文。文章作者通過分享自己的經(jīng)歷、觀察和思考，闡述了對(duì)“但是”這個(gè)詞的

破壞性認(rèn)識(shí)，以及言語(yǔ)的傷害。

4.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Igrewupthinkingaslongaspeopledidn'tphysicallyhurteach

答案第1頁(yè)，共14頁(yè)

other,hurtfulwordsweretobetolerated,butIchangedmymindafterreadingLindaO'Connell's

story,TwoLittleWordswithaBigImpact.Shediscussedtwowords:"and"and"but”,and

explainedhow"but"canbeoneofthemostdestructivewords.（從小至!J大，我一直認(rèn)為只要人們

不互相傷害，傷害性的話是可以容忍的，但在讀了琳達(dá)?奧康奈爾的故事《兩個(gè)小詞大影響》

后，我改變了想法。她討論了兩個(gè)詞：“和”和“但是"，并解釋了“但是”如何成為最具破壞性

的詞之一。）”可知，在讀了琳達(dá)?奧康奈爾的故事《兩個(gè)小詞大影響》后，作者改變了對(duì)傷人

話語(yǔ)的態(tài)度。故選D。

5.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ThenIrealizedIhadbeenhurtbytheword"but”,andthatIhad

woundedothers,too,byusingthewordthoughtlessly.Forexample,whenIwasateacherand

editedmystudents9stories,Iwouldalwayssaytheircontentwasgood,butthenIwouldadd

commentssuchas"butyouneedtomakeyourcharactersmorerealistic.,,Icouldhavesaid,“Your

contentisgoodandmakingyourcharactersmorebelievablewillmakeitevenbetter.（然后我意識(shí)

到我被“但是”這個(gè)詞傷害了，而且我也因?yàn)檩p率地使用了這個(gè)詞而傷害了別人。例如，當(dāng)我

是一名教師，編輯我的學(xué)生的故事，我總是會(huì)說(shuō)他們的內(nèi)容很好，但我會(huì)添加評(píng)論，如“但

你需要讓你的角色更真實(shí)?！蔽铱梢哉f(shuō)，“你的內(nèi)容很好，讓你的角色更可信會(huì)讓它變得更

好?？芍?，第二段中作者舉例是為了告訴我們?yōu)E用“但是”會(huì)傷害別人。故選C。

6.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Igrewupthinkingaslongaspeopledidn'tphysicallyhurteach

other,hurtfulwordsweretobetolerated,butIchangedmymindafterreadingLindaO'Connell's

story,TwoLittleWordswithaBigImpact.（從小至!j大，我一直認(rèn)為只要人們不互相傷害，傷害

性的話是可以容忍的，但在讀了琳達(dá)?奧康奈爾的故事《兩個(gè)小詞大影響》后，我改變了想

法。）“和第二段"ThenIrealizedIhadbeenhurtbytheword"but”,andthatIhadwoundedothers,

too,byusingthewordthoughtlessly.（然后我意識(shí)到我被“但是”這個(gè)詞傷害了,而且我也因?yàn)檩p

率地使用了這個(gè)詞而傷害了別人。）”可知，作者通過個(gè)人經(jīng)歷，特別是作為一名教師時(shí)對(duì)學(xué)

生作品的評(píng)價(jià)，認(rèn)識(shí)到了“但是”這個(gè)詞的破壞性，并且反思了自己過去無(wú)意中用這個(gè)詞傷害

了他人的情況。這表明作者是一個(gè)關(guān)心他人，同時(shí)也善于自我反思的人。故選D。

7.

主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段"Myfourth-gradeteacher'squotewasaimedatwhatshethought

washarmlessplaygroundteasing,buteventeasinghurts.Today,wecanreadsadnewsrelatedto

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manystorieswherepeoplehavebeenterriblyhurtbyuglywordsandsufferedalot.NowIrealize

theimportanceofthinkingbeforespeaking,eventoavoidseeminglyunimportantwordslike

“but."Sticksandstonesbreakourbones,butthoughtlesswordsalsodoharm.Theycanleave

marksforalifetime.（我四年級(jí)老師的這句話是針對(duì)她認(rèn)為無(wú)害的操場(chǎng)上的玩笑，但即使是玩

笑也會(huì)傷人。今天，我們可以讀到關(guān)于許多故事的悲傷新聞，人們被丑陋的話語(yǔ)嚴(yán)重傷害，

遭受了很多?，F(xiàn)在我意識(shí)到說(shuō)話前思考的重要性，甚至要避免像“但是”這樣看似不重要的詞。

棍棒和石頭能打斷我們的骨頭，但輕率的言語(yǔ)也會(huì)傷害我們。它們會(huì)留下一輩子的印記。y

以及全文可知，本文主要講述的是言語(yǔ)的重要性以及使用言語(yǔ)時(shí)需要慎重考慮。文章通過作

者的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷和思考，強(qiáng)調(diào)了即使是看似無(wú)關(guān)緊要的詞語(yǔ)，如“但是”，也可能給他人帶來(lái)傷

害。作者通過舉例和反思，闡述了在言語(yǔ)表達(dá)時(shí)應(yīng)該更加細(xì)心和體貼，避免使用可能造成傷

害的詞語(yǔ)。因此，本文的主旨是強(qiáng)調(diào)使用言語(yǔ)時(shí)需要深思熟慮，以避免無(wú)意中對(duì)他人造成傷

害。故選c。

8.B9.C10.B11.A

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】

這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了美國(guó)宇航局兩臺(tái)強(qiáng)大的望遠(yuǎn)鏡發(fā)現(xiàn)了迄今為止發(fā)現(xiàn)的最古老、

最遙遠(yuǎn)的黑洞。

8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“DatacollectedviaenergeticX-raysbytheChandraX-ray

ObservatoryandJamesWebbSpaceTelescopehashelpedastronomersspotthesignatureofa

growingblackholewithintheearlyuniversejust470millionyearsafterthebigbang,which

occurred13.8billionyearsago.（錢德拉X射線天文臺(tái)和詹姆斯?韋伯太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡通過高能X射

線收集的數(shù)據(jù)幫助天文學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了138億年前大爆炸后4.7億年早期宇宙中一個(gè)正在增長(zhǎng)的

黑洞的特征。）''可知，新發(fā)現(xiàn)黑洞的可能年齡為13.8billion-0.47binion=13.33billion。故選B。

9.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段""WeneededWebbtofindthisremarkablydistantgalaxy（星

系）andChandratofinditssupermassiveblackhole,64saidleadstudyauthorAkosBogdan,ina

statement.9,Wealsotookadvantageofacosmicmagnifyingglass（宇宙放大鏡）thatboostedthe

amountoflightwedetected.66Hewasreferringtoaneffectcalledgravitationallensing（弓|力透鏡

效應(yīng)），whichoccurswhencloserobjectsactlikeamagnifyingglassfordistantobjects.Gravity

essentiallytwistsandstrengthensthelightofdistantgalaxiesinthebackgroundofwhateveris

doingthemagnifying,enablingobservationsofotherwiseinvisiblefeatures.，我們需要韋伯來(lái)發(fā)

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現(xiàn)這個(gè)非常遙遠(yuǎn)的星系，需要錢德拉來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)它的超大質(zhì)量黑洞，”該研究的主要作者阿科

斯?波格丹在一份聲明中說(shuō)。我們還利用了一個(gè)宇宙放大鏡來(lái)增加我們探測(cè)到的光的數(shù)量。

他指的是一種叫做引力透鏡的效應(yīng)，當(dāng)較近的物體像放大鏡一樣放大遠(yuǎn)處的物體時(shí)，就會(huì)發(fā)

生這種效應(yīng)。從本質(zhì)上講，引力扭曲并增強(qiáng)了背景中遙遠(yuǎn)星系的光，使人們能夠觀察到其他

不可見的特征。）”可知，第二段主要講述了這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的貢獻(xiàn)者。故選C。

10.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“AstronomersdetectedtheblackholeinagalaxycalledUHZ1.

Atfirstglance,thegalaxyappearedinthesamedirectionasaclusterofgalaxiesknownasAbell

2744,whichislocatedabout3.5billionlight-yearsfromEarth.ButdatacollectedbytheWebb

telescopeshowedthatUHZ1isactuallymuchfartherawayandlocatedbeyondtheclusterat13.2

billionlight-yearsfromEarth.（天文學(xué)家在一個(gè)名為UHZ1的星系中發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個(gè)黑洞。乍一看，

這個(gè)星系與一個(gè)名為Abell2744的星系團(tuán)的方向相同，該星系團(tuán)距離地球約35億光年。但

韋伯望遠(yuǎn)鏡收集的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，UHZ1實(shí)際上要遠(yuǎn)得多，位于星系團(tuán)之外，距離地球132億光

年。）”可知，Abell2744的星系團(tuán)距離地球約35億光年，UHZ1星系團(tuán)距離地球132億光年，

并且UHZ1位于Abell2744的星系團(tuán)之外，考慮到UHZ1星系團(tuán)和Abell2744星系團(tuán)到地球

的距離以及這兩個(gè)星系團(tuán)沒有交集。故選B。

11.

主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“TwopowerfulNASAtelescopeshavedetectedtheoldestandmost

distantblackholeeverfound.（美國(guó)宇航局兩臺(tái)強(qiáng)大的望遠(yuǎn)鏡發(fā)現(xiàn)了迄今為止發(fā)現(xiàn)的最古老、

最遙遠(yuǎn)的黑洞。）”可知，文章主要講述了最古老，最遙遠(yuǎn)的黑洞被發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選A。

12.A13.B14.C15.A

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】

本文是一篇議論文。文章主要圍繞數(shù)字化健康世界中個(gè)人隱私保護(hù)的問題展開論述，分析了

當(dāng)前健康技術(shù)公司在處理個(gè)人健康信息時(shí)存在的法律漏洞和濫用現(xiàn)象，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了立法者需要

采取行動(dòng)來(lái)保護(hù)個(gè)人隱私的重要性。

12.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Instead,wehaveanecosystemofabuseinwhichhealth

technologycompaniesoperatelargelyoutsidethelawthatrequiresdoctorsandothermedical

personnel,hospitalsandinsurerstoprotectanindividual'shealthinformation4相反，我們有一個(gè)

濫用的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，在這個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中，醫(yī)療技術(shù)公司在很大程度上違反了要求醫(yī)生和其他醫(yī)

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務(wù)人員、醫(yī)院和保險(xiǎn)公司保護(hù)個(gè)人健康信息的法律）”以及第三段“Thatmeanstechnology

companiescan-anddo——digyourdigitaldataforcluesaboutyourhealthstatus,accessing

informationlikeprescriptionsyouhavepurchasedandotherhealthservicesyoumighthave

sought,andpotentiallylinkthisinformationtoyourname,address,emailaddressandother

personallyidentifyinginformation.ThedatacanthenbeusedbyplatformsincludingFacebook

andGoogletohelpadvertiserstargetpromotionsorothercommunicationstoyou.（這意味著科技

公司可以——也確實(shí)做到了——挖掘你的數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)，尋找你健康狀況的線索，獲取你購(gòu)買的

處方和你可能尋求的其他健康服務(wù)等信息，并可能將這些信息與你的姓名、地址、電子郵件

地址和其他個(gè)人身份信息聯(lián)系起來(lái)。然后，這些數(shù)據(jù)可以被包括Facebook和谷歌在內(nèi)的平

臺(tái)使用，以幫助廣告商向你定向促銷或其他通信）”可知，現(xiàn)在我們的個(gè)人健康信息沒有得到

應(yīng)有的保護(hù)，反而這些數(shù)據(jù)被包括Facebook和谷歌在內(nèi)的平臺(tái)使用，以幫助廣告商向你定

向促銷或其他通信。故選A。

13.

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“It