統(tǒng)考版高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)限時(shí)提分練二十一必修⑤Unit1Greatscientists含解析

一輪復(fù)習(xí)精品資料(高中)PAGE1-限時(shí)提分練(二十一)必修⑤Unit1GreatscientistsⅠ.閱讀理解A〖2021·太原市高三年級(jí)模擬試題〗TheChineseDoctorWhoBeatthePlague(鼠疫)Inthewinterof1910,Dr.WuLien-tehsteppedoffatraininthenorthernChinesecityofHarbin.Hewastheretosolveamedicalmystery,atgreatpersonalrisk.Overthepastfewmonths,anunknowndiseasehadsweptalongtherailwaysofnortheastChina,killing99.9%ofitsvictims.TheQingImperialCourthadsenttheCambridge-educatedDr.Wunorthtostoptheepidemic(流行病)．WhenDr.WuarrivedinHarbinonDecember24,1910,hecarriedlittleinthewayofmedicalinstrumentsandhadonlyoneassistant.OneofWu'sfirstactsuponarrivalwastosetupspecialquarantine(隔離)unitsandtoorderlockdownstostopinfectedpersonsfromtravelingandspreadingthedisease.Hehadteamscheckhouseholdsforpossiblecases,andevenmanagedtoconvinceauthoritiestocompletelyclosetherailwaysintheearlyweeksof1911.OfparticularconcernwastheupcomingChineseNewYearholiday,whichhadbecomeagreatannualmigrationofpeopletravelingacrossthecountrytoseetheirfamilies.ThankstoDr.Wu'sefforts,thenumberofplaguevictimsbegantodecrease,andbyMarch1,1911,theepidemicwasfullycontained.Theplagueoutbreakof1910－1911lastednearlyfourmonths,affectedfiveprovincesandsixmajorcities,andaccountedforover60,000deaths.ItisclearthatwithoutthebraveanddecisiveactionstakenbyDr.Wuitcouldhavebeenmuchworse.Hadtheepidemicgoneunchecked,allowingholidayrailpassengerstospreadthediseasetotherestofChinacouldhavemeantacatastrophiclossoflifeandpossiblyaglobalhealthcrisis.InApril1911,Dr.WuchairedanInternationalPlagueConferenceinShenyang,attendedbyscientistsfrom11countriesincludingtheUnitedStates,JapanandFrance.TheypraisedDr.Wuforhishandlingofthe1910－1911outbreak.Foratime,Dr.Wuwastheworld'smostfamousplaguefighter,atitlehedefendedinfightingcholerainChinain1919,andareturnofplaguein1921.1．WhatwasDr.Wu'smissionin1910?A．Totakepersonalrisks.B．Toendanepidemic.C．Toprovidemedicaleducation.D．Toinvestigatethenumberofvictims.2．WhichofDr.Wu'sactsstoppedthediseasefromspreadingnationwide?A．Settingupspecialquarantineunits.B．Carryingmedicalinstrumentswithhim.C．Checkinghouseholdsforpossiblecases.D．Convincingauthoritiestoclosetherailways.3．Whatcanweinferfromthethirdparagraph?A．ThediseaseworsenedafterMarch1,1911.B．60,000peoplewouldhavediedwithoutDr.Wu'sefforts.C．Theworldwassavedfromamajorepidemicin1911.D．Aglobalhealthcrisisfollowedthe1910－1911outbreak.4．WhatcanweknowaboutDr.Wufromthelastparagraph?A．Hecontinuedtofightepidemicsafter1911.B．Hewasinfectedwithcholerain1919.C．Hetraveledworldwidehostingconferences.D．Heclaimedtheplaguewouldneverhappenagain.B〖2021·開(kāi)封市高三第一次模擬〗AndrewGreydoesn'tfitmostpeople'sideaofanastronomer.Heworksinacarrepairshop,notinalaboruniversity,yettheAustralianrepairmandiscoveredastarsystemhidingindatafromNASA'sKeplerspacetelescope.Mr.Greyisoneofmillionsofcitizenscientistshelpingresearcherstoexpandcollectiveunderstanding.Forcenturies,onlyafewordinarypeoplehadbeencontributingtoscience,butadvancesintechnologyhavebroughtahigherlevelofdemocratization(民主化)toscience.“Thisisacollaborative(合作的)effortthatanyonecouldgetinvolvedin，”saysChrisLintott,anOxfordUniversityastrophysicist(天體物理學(xué)家)andco-founderofZooniverse,aplatformthathostsdozensofcitizenscienceprojects.Citizenscientistscancontributetobreakthroughsinalmostanyfield,fromecologytoastrophysics.“Aslongaspatternrecognitionisinvolved,therearenolimitstowhatcanbecomeacitizenscienceproject，”Lintottsays.“Anyonecanidentifypatternsinimages,graphs,orevenseeminglyboringdataafterashorttutorial.Machinelearningallowscomputerstodosomepatternrecognition.Buthumans,particularlyamateurscientists,don'tstayfocusedonwhatthey'resupposedto.Andthat'sgood,becausepeoplewhodothatnoticetheunusualthingsinadataset.”“Andcitizensciencedoesn'thavetobedirectedbyascientist，”saysSheilaJasanoff,directoroftheProgramonScience,TechnologyandSocietyatHarvardUniversity.“Citizensproducingknowledgeinplaceswhereofficialorganshavefailedthemcanalsobecitizenscientists，”shesays.That'swhathappenedinFlint,Michigan,whenalocalmotherstarteddrinkingwaterteststhatcausedabroaderinvestigationofleadlevels.Citizen-poweredresearchisasoldasscientificinquiry.Forcenturiesbeforesciencebecameprofessionalized,regularpeoplelookedforpatternsintheworldaroundthem.Despitealotofadvancedequipmentandcomputermodels,scientistsstillwelcomehelpfromeverydaypeople.Asaprofessionalscientisthimself,Lintottsays,“Peoplethinkthatwe'reintelligent,butscienceiseasyandweneedyourhelp.”5．Whatmadecitizenscientistsappear?A．Thehighlevelofscienceprojects.B．Thedevelopmentoftechnology.C．Thesupportofthegovernment.D．ThefoundationofZooniverse.6．Whatisanadvantageofhumansinpatternrecognitioncomparedwithmachines?A．Humanscanidentifypatternsmoreswiftly.B．Humansfocustheirattentionondata.C．Humanscanobserveuncommonthings.D．Humanshavestrongeremotions.7．WhatisLintott'sattitudetowardscitizenscience?A．Favorable. B．Cautious.C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful.8．Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A．CitizenScientistsCanBeIntelligentB．ScienceIsImportanttoEveryoneC．AnyoneCanBeaScientistD．ScienceIsEverywhereⅡ.完形填空〖2021·太原市高三年級(jí)模擬試題〗WhenpeoplefindoutthatmysonSamisacompetitivemathlete,theyusuallyaskifmyhusbandandIare“mathpersons”.Theansweris“Definitelynot”．Ninthgradewas__1__forSam.Toprepareforacompetition,hetook__2__practicetests,whichweresometimesas__3__asthreehours.Intheend,hedidn'tdoaswellashe'dhopedandwas__4__byamathcamphe'dappliedto.Hewanderedintomyofficeonedaylastspring,murmuring.“Ijustfeellikethewholeyearhasbeena__5__.”Igetit.Howmanydays—weeks,months—haveI“wasted”writingthe__6__sceneoverandoveragain?Writinganovelsometimesfeelsliketwostepsforward,onestepback.__7__wheneverIfeellikethat,Itryto__8__myselfthatnomatterwhathappenswithmybook,I've__9__thetimeI'vespentworkingonit.ThedelightIfindinwritingis__10__forme.“Nothing'severwasted.Youmaynothavegottenthe__11__youwanted,butasyoutrytosolvethe__12__problems,youaremakingprogresswitheacheffortyoumake.”Heshrugged(聳肩).“Ifeellikeeveryoneelsedidbetterthanme.”Samwastalkingaboutthe__13__boards,wheremathkidscometogethertoshareresourcesand,moreoftenthannot,__14__theirwins.“Iknowitfeelsthatway,butitisn'ttrue.Youknowpeople__15__theirsuccessesfarmorethantheir__16__，”Isaid,asmuchtomyselfastoSam.JustlikeSam,Ican'tcontrolthe__17__，andIcanonlycontrolmyinput.Todevotetimetosomethingwithno__18__ofitssuccessisriskyand__19__.But,thenagain,soiseverything.Andyoudon'tneedtobea(n)__20__persontoknowthat.1．A.simple B．toughC．peaceful D．exciting2．A.few B．casualC．multiple D．easy3．A.far B．longC．deep D．straight4．A.accepted B．praisedC．replied D．rejected5．A.waste B．vacationC．pleasure D．trouble6．A.same B．vividC．brief D．literary7．A.So B．AndC．But D．Because8．A.help B．convinceC．improve D．a(chǎn)nswer9．A.offered B．killedC．saved D．enjoyed10．A.limited B．popularC．obvious D．enough11．A.exam B．a(chǎn)dviceC．course D．result12．A.challenging B．urgentC．historical D．imaginary13．A.message B．chessC．drawing D．safety14．A.escapefrom B．thinkaboutC．showoff D．competein15．A.ban B．postC．doubt D．receive16．A.methods B．intentionsC．struggles D．reasons17．A.solution B．outcomeC．custom D．fortune18．A.courage B．a(chǎn)ccidentC．chance D．guarantee19．A.terrifying B．instructiveC．personal D．ridiculous20．A.art B．a(chǎn)dultC．math D．business

限時(shí)提分練(二十一)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型：記敘文主題語(yǔ)境：人與社會(huì)——衛(wèi)生與健康——中國(guó)醫(yī)生伍連德控制住了鼠疫〖語(yǔ)篇解讀〗1910年的冬天一種死亡率極高的流行病席卷中國(guó)東北，在劍橋受過(guò)教育的伍連德醫(yī)生被派去阻止這種流行病，他到達(dá)目的地后，采取了諸如設(shè)立專(zhuān)門(mén)的隔離病區(qū)、對(duì)感染者實(shí)行活動(dòng)限制之類(lèi)的有效措施，由于伍連德醫(yī)生的努力，鼠疫最終被完全控制。1．〖答案〗與〖解析〗B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段尾句“TheQingImperialCourthadsenttheCambridge-educatedDr.Wunorthtostoptheepidemic(流行病)”可知，清朝政府派遣在劍橋受過(guò)教育的伍醫(yī)生北上，以阻止這種流行病。故B項(xiàng)正確。2．〖答案〗與〖解析〗D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“spreadingnationwide”定位至第二段最后兩句中的“evenmanagedtoconvinceauthoritiestocompletelyclosetherailwaysintheearlyweeksof1911...toseetheirfamilies”和第三段最后一句可知，他說(shuō)服當(dāng)局在春節(jié)前徹底關(guān)閉鐵路，防止人口通過(guò)鐵路流動(dòng)，從而阻止了鼠疫在全國(guó)流行，故D項(xiàng)正確。3．〖答案〗與〖解析〗C考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段尾句可知，如果疫情沒(méi)有得到控制，允許假期乘坐火車(chē)的旅客將疾病傳播到中國(guó)其他地方，可能意味著災(zāi)難性的生命損失，并可能引發(fā)全球健康危機(jī)。據(jù)此可以推斷，鼠疫在1911年得到完全控制，有效阻止了其向世界傳播，故C項(xiàng)正確。4．〖答案〗與〖解析〗A考查推理判斷。根據(jù)本文尾句可知，那時(shí)伍醫(yī)生是世界上最著名的抗擊鼠疫的人，他在抗擊1919年中國(guó)的霍亂和1921年卷土重來(lái)的鼠疫中捍衛(wèi)了這一稱(chēng)號(hào)。據(jù)此可推知，在1911年之后，他繼續(xù)卓有成效地抗擊流行病，故A項(xiàng)正確。B語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型：說(shuō)明文主題語(yǔ)境：人與社會(huì)——人與科學(xué)——公民科學(xué)家〖語(yǔ)篇解讀〗數(shù)個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，只有少數(shù)普通人為科學(xué)作出了貢獻(xiàn)，但科技的進(jìn)步已經(jīng)為科學(xué)帶來(lái)了更高水平的民主化，科學(xué)是任何人都能參與的，每個(gè)人都有可能成為科學(xué)家。5．〖答案〗與〖解析〗B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“onlyafewordinarypeople...toscience”可知，科技的進(jìn)步為科學(xué)帶來(lái)了更高水平的民主化，從而使更多的普通人也能參與科學(xué)研究，促成了公民科學(xué)家的出現(xiàn)，故選B。6．〖答案〗與〖解析〗C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Andthat'sgood,becausepeoplewhodothatnoticetheunusualthingsinadataset”可知，在模式識(shí)別方面，人類(lèi)與機(jī)器相比，人類(lèi)的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于其能夠注意到一些不尋常的東西，故C項(xiàng)正確。7．〖答案〗與〖解析〗A考查觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。根據(jù)第三段Lintott表述的科學(xué)人人都能參與，第四段他表述的公民科學(xué)家有自身的優(yōu)勢(shì)和尾段中他說(shuō)的話“‘Peoplethinkthatwe'reintelligent,butscienceiseasyandweneedyourhelp’”可推知，Lintott支持公民科學(xué)，故選A。8．〖答案〗與〖解析〗C考查主旨大意。文章第一段以表述澳大利亞汽車(chē)修理工AndrewGrey成為公民科學(xué)家來(lái)引入話題，接著又講到天體物理學(xué)家ChrisLintott和SheilaJasanoff對(duì)于公民科學(xué)的看法，并結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二段中的“scientistsstillwelcomehelpfromeverydaypeople”可知，本文主要肯定了公民科學(xué)家，表達(dá)了任何人都可能成為科學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)，故C項(xiàng)最適合作文章標(biāo)題。Ⅱ.完形填空語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型：記敘文主題語(yǔ)境：人與自我——積極的生活態(tài)度——努力的過(guò)程就是進(jìn)步的過(guò)程〖語(yǔ)篇解讀〗作者的兒子為準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)比賽而參加了各種訓(xùn)練測(cè)試，但并沒(méi)有獲得自己想要的結(jié)果，最后被數(shù)學(xué)營(yíng)拒絕了，他為此向作者發(fā)牢騷。作者根據(jù)自己寫(xiě)書(shū)的經(jīng)歷，告訴兒子，他所作的每一次努力都是在進(jìn)步，雖然他人總是將成功展示出來(lái)，但是背后他們也付出了很多努力。1．〖答案〗與〖解析〗B根據(jù)該段最后一句中的“Intheend,hedidn'tdoaswellashe'dhoped”和語(yǔ)境可知，九年級(jí)對(duì)Sam來(lái)說(shuō)非常艱難。故選B。2．〖答案〗與〖解析〗C根據(jù)本句中的“Toprepareforacompetition”和語(yǔ)境可知，為了準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)比賽，Sam參加了多種練習(xí)測(cè)試。multiple“多種的”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。3．〖答案〗與〖解析〗B根據(jù)本句中的“threehours”和常識(shí)可知，這些測(cè)試的時(shí)間有時(shí)長(zhǎng)達(dá)三個(gè)小時(shí)，故選B。4．〖答案〗與〖解析〗D根據(jù)第三段中的“wanderedintomyoffice”和“murmuring”以及下文作者安慰他可知，Sam最后被數(shù)學(xué)營(yíng)拒絕了，因此他到作者的辦公室里發(fā)牢騷，故選D。5．〖答案〗與〖解析〗A根據(jù)第6空前的“wasted”和下文中的“Nothing'severwasted”可知，Sam感覺(jué)自己一整年的時(shí)光都被浪費(fèi)了，故選A。6．〖答案〗與〖解析〗A根據(jù)本句中的“overandoveragain”和下文中的“Writinganovelsometimesfeelsliketwostepsforward，onestepback”可知，這里作者是在反問(wèn)自己，反復(fù)地寫(xiě)同一個(gè)場(chǎng)景是不是也在浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，故選A。vivid“生動(dòng)的，逼真的”；literary“文學(xué)的”。7．〖答案〗與〖解析〗C根據(jù)下文中的“ThedelightIfindinwriting”和語(yǔ)境可知，作者看待自己的寫(xiě)作和Sam看待他的數(shù)學(xué)營(yíng)結(jié)果的方式不同，此處表轉(zhuǎn)折，故選C。8．〖答案〗與〖解析〗B根據(jù)第10空前的“ThedelightIfindinwriting”和第五段第一句“‘Nothing'severwasted’”可知，作者努力讓自己確信，無(wú)論她寫(xiě)的書(shū)會(huì)有一個(gè)什么樣的結(jié)果，她都已享受(enjoyed)寫(xiě)書(shū)所度過(guò)的那段時(shí)光。從寫(xiě)作中發(fā)現(xiàn)的快樂(lè)對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)已經(jīng)足夠(enough)了。convince“使確信，使相信，使信服”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B。9．〖答案〗與〖解析〗D參見(jiàn)上題〖解析〗。10．〖答案〗與〖解析〗D參見(jiàn)第8題〖解析〗。11．〖答案〗與〖解析〗D根據(jù)上文的內(nèi)容可知，Sam為準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)比賽，參加了多種練習(xí)測(cè)試，這些測(cè)試的時(shí)間有時(shí)長(zhǎng)達(dá)三個(gè)小時(shí)，但他并沒(méi)有像他自己期望的做得那么好，最后他被他所申請(qǐng)的數(shù)學(xué)營(yíng)拒絕了，因此此處作者是在安慰他，說(shuō)他也許沒(méi)有得到自己想要的結(jié)果(result)，但是當(dāng)他在努力解決有挑戰(zhàn)性的(challenging)問(wèn)題時(shí)，他所作的每一次努力都是在進(jìn)步，故選D。12．〖答案〗與〖解析〗A根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)境可知，Sam在準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)比賽的過(guò)程中，參加了各種練習(xí)測(cè)試，因此他所面臨的問(wèn)題應(yīng)是有挑戰(zhàn)性的問(wèn)題。故選A。urgent“緊迫的”；historical“(有關(guān))歷史的”；imaginary“想象中的，幻想的”。13．〖答案〗與〖解析〗A根據(jù)本句中的“wheremathkidscometogethertoshareresources”可知，這里指的是用來(lái)分享信息資源的留言板，故選A。14．〖答案〗與〖解析〗C根據(jù)上文中的“‘Ifeellikeeveryoneelsedidbetterthanme’”和語(yǔ)境可知，Sam之所以感覺(jué)其他所有人都比自己做得好，是因?yàn)檫@些孩子通常也在留言板上炫耀(showoff)自己的勝利，故選C。15．〖答案〗與〖解析〗B根據(jù)上文中的“__14__theirwins”和“butitisn'ttrue”以及該空后的“theirsuccessesfarmorethantheir__16__”并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，作者認(rèn)為，比起他們所付出的努力(struggles)，人們更多地展示他們成功的那些方面。post“張貼，公布”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B。16．〖答案〗與〖解析〗C參見(jiàn)上題〖解析〗。17．〖答案〗與〖解析〗B根據(jù)本段中的“Icanonlycontrolmyinput”并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，作者認(rèn)為，她只能控制自己付出的努力，而無(wú)法控制最終的結(jié)果，故選B。18．〖答案〗與〖解析〗D根據(jù)本段中的“Icanonlycontrolmyinput”“risky”以及“soiseverything”并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，作者認(rèn)為，將時(shí)間花在沒(méi)有成功保證的事情上是有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)且令人恐懼的，不過(guò)一切事情都是如此。故選D。19．〖答案〗與〖解析〗A參見(jiàn)上題〖解析〗。instructive“富有教益的，增長(zhǎng)知識(shí)的”；ridiculous“荒唐的”。20．〖答案〗與〖解析〗C此處應(yīng)與第一段中的“mathpersons”呼應(yīng)，表明作者是借她兒子被數(shù)學(xué)營(yíng)拒絕的故事與自己寫(xiě)作的經(jīng)歷和感受進(jìn)行對(duì)比，進(jìn)而說(shuō)明不是非得成為一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)方面的成功人士才會(huì)懂得上面講的道理，很多事情都遵循這個(gè)道理。故選C。限時(shí)提分練(二十一)必修⑤Unit1GreatscientistsⅠ.閱讀理解A〖2021·太原市高三年級(jí)模擬試題〗TheChineseDoctorWhoBeatthePlague(鼠疫)Inthewinterof1910,Dr.WuLien-tehsteppedoffatraininthenorthernChinesecityofHarbin.Hewastheretosolveamedicalmystery,atgreatpersonalrisk.Overthepastfewmonths,anunknowndiseasehadsweptalongtherailwaysofnortheastChina,killing99.9%ofitsvictims.TheQingImperialCourthadsenttheCambridge-educatedDr.Wunorthtostoptheepidemic(流行病)．WhenDr.WuarrivedinHarbinonDecember24,1910,hecarriedlittleinthewayofmedicalinstrumentsandhadonlyoneassistant.OneofWu'sfirstactsuponarrivalwastosetupspecialquarantine(隔離)unitsandtoorderlockdownstostopinfectedpersonsfromtravelingandspreadingthedisease.Hehadteamscheckhouseholdsforpossiblecases,andevenmanagedtoconvinceauthoritiestocompletelyclosetherailwaysintheearlyweeksof1911.OfparticularconcernwastheupcomingChineseNewYearholiday,whichhadbecomeagreatannualmigrationofpeopletravelingacrossthecountrytoseetheirfamilies.ThankstoDr.Wu'sefforts,thenumberofplaguevictimsbegantodecrease,andbyMarch1,1911,theepidemicwasfullycontained.Theplagueoutbreakof1910－1911lastednearlyfourmonths,affectedfiveprovincesandsixmajorcities,andaccountedforover60,000deaths.ItisclearthatwithoutthebraveanddecisiveactionstakenbyDr.Wuitcouldhavebeenmuchworse.Hadtheepidemicgoneunchecked,allowingholidayrailpassengerstospreadthediseasetotherestofChinacouldhavemeantacatastrophiclossoflifeandpossiblyaglobalhealthcrisis.InApril1911,Dr.WuchairedanInternationalPlagueConferenceinShenyang,attendedbyscientistsfrom11countriesincludingtheUnitedStates,JapanandFrance.TheypraisedDr.Wuforhishandlingofthe1910－1911outbreak.Foratime,Dr.Wuwastheworld'smostfamousplaguefighter,atitlehedefendedinfightingcholerainChinain1919,andareturnofplaguein1921.1．WhatwasDr.Wu'smissionin1910?A．Totakepersonalrisks.B．Toendanepidemic.C．Toprovidemedicaleducation.D．Toinvestigatethenumberofvictims.2．WhichofDr.Wu'sactsstoppedthediseasefromspreadingnationwide?A．Settingupspecialquarantineunits.B．Carryingmedicalinstrumentswithhim.C．Checkinghouseholdsforpossiblecases.D．Convincingauthoritiestoclosetherailways.3．Whatcanweinferfromthethirdparagraph?A．ThediseaseworsenedafterMarch1,1911.B．60,000peoplewouldhavediedwithoutDr.Wu'sefforts.C．Theworldwassavedfromamajorepidemicin1911.D．Aglobalhealthcrisisfollowedthe1910－1911outbreak.4．WhatcanweknowaboutDr.Wufromthelastparagraph?A．Hecontinuedtofightepidemicsafter1911.B．Hewasinfectedwithcholerain1919.C．Hetraveledworldwidehostingconferences.D．Heclaimedtheplaguewouldneverhappenagain.B〖2021·開(kāi)封市高三第一次模擬〗AndrewGreydoesn'tfitmostpeople'sideaofanastronomer.Heworksinacarrepairshop,notinalaboruniversity,yettheAustralianrepairmandiscoveredastarsystemhidingindatafromNASA'sKeplerspacetelescope.Mr.Greyisoneofmillionsofcitizenscientistshelpingresearcherstoexpandcollectiveunderstanding.Forcenturies,onlyafewordinarypeoplehadbeencontributingtoscience,butadvancesintechnologyhavebroughtahigherlevelofdemocratization(民主化)toscience.“Thisisacollaborative(合作的)effortthatanyonecouldgetinvolvedin，”saysChrisLintott,anOxfordUniversityastrophysicist(天體物理學(xué)家)andco-founderofZooniverse,aplatformthathostsdozensofcitizenscienceprojects.Citizenscientistscancontributetobreakthroughsinalmostanyfield,fromecologytoastrophysics.“Aslongaspatternrecognitionisinvolved,therearenolimitstowhatcanbecomeacitizenscienceproject，”Lintottsays.“Anyonecanidentifypatternsinimages,graphs,orevenseeminglyboringdataafterashorttutorial.Machinelearningallowscomputerstodosomepatternrecognition.Buthumans,particularlyamateurscientists,don'tstayfocusedonwhatthey'resupposedto.Andthat'sgood,becausepeoplewhodothatnoticetheunusualthingsinadataset.”“Andcitizensciencedoesn'thavetobedirectedbyascientist，”saysSheilaJasanoff,directoroftheProgramonScience,TechnologyandSocietyatHarvardUniversity.“Citizensproducingknowledgeinplaceswhereofficialorganshavefailedthemcanalsobecitizenscientists，”shesays.That'swhathappenedinFlint,Michigan,whenalocalmotherstarteddrinkingwaterteststhatcausedabroaderinvestigationofleadlevels.Citizen-poweredresearchisasoldasscientificinquiry.Forcenturiesbeforesciencebecameprofessionalized,regularpeoplelookedforpatternsintheworldaroundthem.Despitealotofadvancedequipmentandcomputermodels,scientistsstillwelcomehelpfromeverydaypeople.Asaprofessionalscientisthimself,Lintottsays,“Peoplethinkthatwe'reintelligent,butscienceiseasyandweneedyourhelp.”5．Whatmadecitizenscientistsappear?A．Thehighlevelofscienceprojects.B．Thedevelopmentoftechnology.C．Thesupportofthegovernment.D．ThefoundationofZooniverse.6．Whatisanadvantageofhumansinpatternrecognitioncomparedwithmachines?A．Humanscanidentifypatternsmoreswiftly.B．Humansfocustheirattentionondata.C．Humanscanobserveuncommonthings.D．Humanshavestrongeremotions.7．WhatisLintott'sattitudetowardscitizenscience?A．Favorable. B．Cautious.C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful.8．Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A．CitizenScientistsCanBeIntelligentB．ScienceIsImportanttoEveryoneC．AnyoneCanBeaScientistD．ScienceIsEverywhereⅡ.完形填空〖2021·太原市高三年級(jí)模擬試題〗WhenpeoplefindoutthatmysonSamisacompetitivemathlete,theyusuallyaskifmyhusbandandIare“mathpersons”.Theansweris“Definitelynot”．Ninthgradewas__1__forSam.Toprepareforacompetition,hetook__2__practicetests,whichweresometimesas__3__asthreehours.Intheend,hedidn'tdoaswellashe'dhopedandwas__4__byamathcamphe'dappliedto.Hewanderedintomyofficeonedaylastspring,murmuring.“Ijustfeellikethewholeyearhasbeena__5__.”Igetit.Howmanydays—weeks,months—haveI“wasted”writingthe__6__sceneoverandoveragain?Writinganovelsometimesfeelsliketwostepsforward,onestepback.__7__wheneverIfeellikethat,Itryto__8__myselfthatnomatterwhathappenswithmybook,I've__9__thetimeI'vespentworkingonit.ThedelightIfindinwritingis__10__forme.“Nothing'severwasted.Youmaynothavegottenthe__11__youwanted,butasyoutrytosolvethe__12__problems,youaremakingprogresswitheacheffortyoumake.”Heshrugged(聳肩).“Ifeellikeeveryoneelsedidbetterthanme.”Samwastalkingaboutthe__13__boards,wheremathkidscometogethertoshareresourcesand,moreoftenthannot,__14__theirwins.“Iknowitfeelsthatway,butitisn'ttrue.Youknowpeople__15__theirsuccessesfarmorethantheir__16__，”Isaid,asmuchtomyselfastoSam.JustlikeSam,Ican'tcontrolthe__17__，andIcanonlycontrolmyinput.Todevotetimetosomethingwithno__18__ofitssuccessisriskyand__19__.But,thenagain,soiseverything.Andyoudon'tneedtobea(n)__20__persontoknowthat.1．A.simple B．toughC．peaceful D．exciting2．A.few B．casualC．multiple D．easy3．A.far B．longC．deep D．straight4．A.accepted B．praisedC．replied D．rejected5．A.waste B．vacationC．pleasure D．trouble6．A.same B．vividC．brief D．literary7．A.So B．AndC．But D．Because8．A.help B．convinceC．improve D．a(chǎn)nswer9．A.offered B．killedC．saved D．enjoyed10．A.limited B．popularC．obvious D．enough11．A.exam B．a(chǎn)dviceC．course D．result12．A.challenging B．urgentC．historical D．imaginary13．A.message B．chessC．drawing D．safety14．A.escapefrom B．thinkaboutC．showoff D．competein15．A.ban B．postC．doubt D．receive16．A.methods B．intentionsC．struggles D．reasons17．A.solution B．outcomeC．custom D．fortune18．A.courage B．a(chǎn)ccidentC．chance D．guarantee19．A.terrifying B．instructiveC．personal D．ridiculous20．A.art B．a(chǎn)dultC．math D．business

限時(shí)提分練(二十一)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型：記敘文主題語(yǔ)境：人與社會(huì)——衛(wèi)生與健康——中國(guó)醫(yī)生伍連德控制住了鼠疫〖語(yǔ)篇解讀〗1910年的冬天一種死亡率極高的流行病席卷中國(guó)東北，在劍橋受過(guò)教育的伍連德醫(yī)生被派去阻止這種流行病，他到達(dá)目的地后，采取了諸如設(shè)立專(zhuān)門(mén)的隔離病區(qū)、對(duì)感染者實(shí)行活動(dòng)限制之類(lèi)的有效措施，由于伍連德醫(yī)生的努力，鼠疫最終被完全控制。1．〖答案〗與〖解析〗B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段尾句“TheQingImperialCourthadsenttheCambridge-educatedDr.Wunorthtostoptheepidemic(流行病)”可知，清朝政府派遣在劍橋受過(guò)教育的伍醫(yī)生北上，以阻止這種流行病。故B項(xiàng)正確。2．〖答案〗與〖解析〗D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“spreadingnationwide”定位至第二段最后兩句中的“evenmanagedtoconvinceauthoritiestocompletelyclosetherailwaysintheearlyweeksof1911...toseetheirfamilies”和第三段最后一句可知，他說(shuō)服當(dāng)局在春節(jié)前徹底關(guān)閉鐵路，防止人口通過(guò)鐵路流動(dòng)，從而阻止了鼠疫在全國(guó)流行，故D項(xiàng)正確。3．〖答案〗與〖解析〗C考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段尾句可知，如果疫情沒(méi)有得到控制，允許假期乘坐火車(chē)的旅客將疾病傳播到中國(guó)其他地方，可能意味著災(zāi)難性的生命損失，并可能引發(fā)全球健康危機(jī)。據(jù)此可以推斷，鼠疫在1911年得到完全控制，有效阻止了其向世界傳播，故C項(xiàng)正確。4．〖答案〗與〖解析〗A考查推理判斷。根據(jù)本文尾句可知，那時(shí)伍醫(yī)生是世界上最著名的抗擊鼠疫的人，他在抗擊1919年中國(guó)的霍亂和1921年卷土重來(lái)的鼠疫中捍衛(wèi)了這一稱(chēng)號(hào)。據(jù)此可推知，在1911年之后，他繼續(xù)卓有成效地抗擊流行病，故A項(xiàng)正確。B語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型：說(shuō)明文主題語(yǔ)境：人與社會(huì)——人與科學(xué)——公民科學(xué)家〖語(yǔ)篇解讀〗數(shù)個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，只有少數(shù)普通人為科學(xué)作出了貢獻(xiàn)，但科技的進(jìn)步已經(jīng)為科學(xué)帶來(lái)了更高水平的民主化，科學(xué)是任何人都能參與的，每個(gè)人都有可能成為科學(xué)家。5．〖答案〗與〖解析〗B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“onlyafewordinarypeople...toscience”可知，科技的進(jìn)步為科學(xué)帶來(lái)了更高水平的民主化，從而使更多的普通人也能參與科學(xué)研究，促成了公民科學(xué)家的出現(xiàn)，故選B。6．〖答案〗與〖解析〗C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Andthat'sgood,becausepeoplewhodothatnoticetheunusualthingsinadataset”可知，在模式識(shí)別方面，人類(lèi)與機(jī)器相比，人類(lèi)的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于其能夠注意到一些不尋常的東西，故C項(xiàng)正確。7．〖答案〗與〖解析〗A考查觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。根據(jù)第三段Lintott表述的科學(xué)人人都能參與，第四段他表述的公民科學(xué)家有自身的優(yōu)勢(shì)和尾段中他說(shuō)的話“‘Peoplethinkthatwe'reintelligent,butscienceiseasyandweneedyourhelp’”可推知，Lintott支持公民科學(xué)，故選A。8．〖答案〗與〖解析〗C考查主旨大意。文章第一段以表述澳大利亞汽車(chē)修理工AndrewGrey成為公民科學(xué)家來(lái)引入話題，接著又講到天體物理學(xué)家ChrisLintott和SheilaJasanoff對(duì)于公民科學(xué)的看法，并結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二段中的“scientistsstillwelcomehelpfromeverydaypeople”可知，本文主要肯定了公民科學(xué)家，表達(dá)了任何人都可能成為科學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)，故C項(xiàng)最適合作文章標(biāo)題。Ⅱ.完形填空語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型：記敘文主題語(yǔ)境：人與自我——積極的生活