湖南省懷化市2023-2024學(xué)年高一年級上冊期末考試英語試題

懷化市2023年下期期考試題

高一英語

考試時長：120分鐘滿分：150分

1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準考證號寫在答題卡和該試題卷的封面上，并認真核對

條形碼上的姓名、準考證號和科目。

2.考生作答時，選擇題和非選擇題均須做在答題卡上，在本試題卷上答題無效。考生在答題

卡上按答題卡中注意事項的要求答題。

3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試題卷和答題卡一并交回。

4.本試題卷共8頁，如缺頁，考生須聲明，否則后果自負。

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂

到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題L5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選

項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅

讀一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.￡9.5.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.

答案是C。

1.Wheredoesthewomanwanttogo?

A.Toariver.B.Toapark.C.Toabridge.

2.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

A.Atravelexperience.B.Acapitalcity.C.Atripplan.

3.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Doctorandpatient.B.Classmates.C.Teacherandstudent.

4.WhydidCathygotoParis?

A.Totravelwithherparents.B.Toimproveherpaintingskills.C.Tovisitherfriends.

5.WhatdoesthemanthinkofMrSmith'stalk?

A.Encouraging.B.Interesting.C.Unbelievable.

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項

中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完

后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Howdoesthewomanpay?

A.ByWeChatPay.B.ByAlipay.C.Incash.

7.Howmuchdoesthewomantipthewaiter?

A.$20.B.$30.C.$50.

聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。

8.Whatdoesthemanthinkoftheflowers?

A.Special.B.Expensive.C.Important.

9.Wherewillthegraduationceremonytakeplace?

A.Inthegym.B.Inthelibrary.C.Inthetheatre.

聽第8段材料，回答第10至13題。

10.Howlongistheman'svacation?

A.10days.B.20days.C.30days.

11.Whoisgoingtoreadbooksduringthevacation?

A.Theman.B.Theman'swife.C.Theman'schildren.

12.Whatdoweknowabouttheman'schildren?

A.Theywanttomakenewfriends.

B.Theyareeagertotakethevacation.

C.Theywillbringacalendaronthetrip.

13.Whatwillthewomandothissummer?

A.SailtoEuropetovisitsomerelatives.

B.DrivetoHawaiitogoswimming.

C.FlytoEgypttoseesomefriends.

聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。

14.Wherewillthewomanwork?

A.Inatransportbusiness.B.Inashoppingcentre.C.Inahospital.

15.Howwillthewomangotowork?

A.Bybus.B.Bycar.C.Bytrain.

16Whatistheman'sopiniononparkinginBroadgreen?

A.Itiscostly.B.Itiseasy.C.Itishard.

17.WhatisthedisadvantageofBroadgreen?

A.Itisfarfromtheshoppingplaces.

B.Thereisalotofnoisenearby.

C.Therentsinthatareaarehigh.

聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。

18.WhydoTim'sclassmatesHkemakingfriendswithhim?

A.Heisgoodlooking.B.Heissporty.C.Heishelpful.

19.WhatdoesTimlikedoing?

A.Sharingnoteswithhisclassmates.B.WatchingmoviesinEnglish.C.ReadingEnglishstories.

20.WhatdoesTimwanttodointhefuture?

A.Workasateacher.B.Starthisownpany.C.Beeabasketballplayer.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

A

Ifyouhaveeverlosttouchwitholdschoolfriends,youmayfindyourselfwantingtomakecontactagain.

Someteensfindthatcertainschoolfriendsareworthkeepingcontactwithandwanttokeepthefriendshipgoing

strong.

Hangoutatthesameplaces

Onewayyoucangettogetherwitholdfriendsfromyourschoolistogotothesameplacesthattheygoto.If

youstillgotoschooltogether,youprobablyknowwhereeveryonegoesontheweekends.Ifyouareabletogo

theretoo,youmayfindthatyourrelationshipswithyouroldschoolfriendsstartupagain.

Joinsportsteams

Ifyouareathleticandyourformerfriendsaretoo,joiningschoolsportsteamsisagreatwaytocatchupwith

oldfriends.Thisdoesn'tmeanthatyoushouldjoinasportwhichyoudonotlikejustsoyoucanseeyourold

friends.However,ifyoulikesports,wishtojoinateamandyourformerfriendsareonthatteam,thenplayingthe

teamsportsisagreatwaytogettoknowthemagain.

Takepartinschoolclubs

Thereareoftenalotofschoolclubsinwhichteensparticipate.Dependingonyourinterestsandyourformer

friends9interests,youmayjustfindaclubatschool.Sharingamoninterestsuchasaclubactivitywillhelpyouto

havesomethinginmonandsomethingtotalkabout.

1.Whatcanyoudotogettogetherwitholdschoolfriends?

A.You'dbetterjointheschooldanceclubs.B.Youshouldhavedinnerwiththem.

C.Youmaygototheplaceswheretheygo.D.Youcanoftengoshoppingwiththem.

2.Whichactivityisbestforasportslovertocontactoldfriend?

A.Hangingoutatthesameplaces.B.Joiningschoolsportsteams.

C.Takingpartinschoolclubs.D.Participatinginschoolpetitions.

3.Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthistext?

A.Totelldifferenthobbiesthatstudentshave.B.Tosharevariousinterestingthingsinschool.

C.Tojoinclubswiththesameinterests.D.Togiveadviceoncontactingoldfriends.

【答案】l.C2.B3.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些和老朋友保持聯(lián)系的方法。

【1題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Onewayyoucangettogetherwitholdfriendsfromyourschoolistogotothesame

placesthattheygoto.Ifyoustillgotoschooltogether,youprobablyknowwhereeveryonegoesontheweekends.

Ifyouareabletogotheretoo,youmayfindthatyourrelationshipswithyouroldschoolfriendsstartupagain.（有

一種方法可以讓你和學(xué)校的老朋友聚在一起，那就是去他們常去的地方。如果你們還在一起上學(xué)，你可能

知道每個人周末都去哪里。如果你也能去那里，你可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)你和老同學(xué)的關(guān)系又開始了）”可知，你可以

去老同學(xué)常去的地方來和老同學(xué)聚會。故選C。

【2題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Ifyouareathleticandyourformerfriendsaretoo,joiningschoolsportsteamsisa

greatwaytocatchupwitholdfriends.Thisdoesn'tmeanthatyoushouldjoinasportwhichyoudonotlikejustso

youcanseeyouroldfriends.However,ifyoulikesports,wishtojoinateamandyourformerfriendsareonthat

team,thenplayingtheteamsportsisagreatwaytogettoknowthemagain.（如果你是運動員，你以前的朋友也

是，加入學(xué)校的運動隊是一個很好的方式來聯(lián)系老朋友。這并不意味著你應(yīng)該參加一項你不喜歡的運動，

這樣你就可以看到你的老朋友。然而，如果你喜歡運動，希望加入一個團隊，而你以前的朋友是那個團隊

的成員，那么參加團隊運動是再次了解他們的好方法）”可知，參加學(xué)校運動隊最適合運動愛好者聯(lián)絡(luò)老朋

友。故選B。

【3題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Ifyouhaveeverlosttouchwitholdschoolfriends,youmayfindyourselfwantingto

makecontactagain.Someteensfindthatcertainschoolfriendsareworthkeepingcontactwithandwanttokeep

thefriendshipgoingstrong.（如果你曾經(jīng)與老同學(xué)失去聯(lián)系，你可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己想要再次聯(lián)系。一些青少年發(fā)

現(xiàn)，某些學(xué)校的朋友是值得保持聯(lián)系，并希望保持友誼牢固）”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了一些和老朋友保持聯(lián)系

的方法。可推知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是提供聯(lián)系老朋友的建議。故選D。

B

Lights,camera,action!Haveyoueverdreamedofbeingadirector?Atage29,DiDialreadyhasalmost10

yearsofdirectingexperienceunderhisbelt.Throughthemediapanyhefounded,hemakesadvertisingand

promotionalvideos,includingforTsinghuaUniversity.

ForDi,beingadirectoris"anadventurebasedoninterest”.Majoringinjournalism,hegotintodirectingby

chance.66In2013,1cameupwithanideaforTsinghua^admissionsvideobutcouldn'tfindadirector,Disaid."So

Idecidedtobethedirectormyself!Iendedupreallyenjoyingtheprocessofbeingcreativeandworkingwitha

team.ThatwaswhenIknewIwantedtobeadirector.

Whilemanypeoplethinkthatdirectorsareexpertsatart,Difoundthatdirectorsare,infact,expertsat

management.t6Onlyonethirdofmytimeisspentonset.Therestofthetime,I'mdoinglotsofplanningwithmy

customersandcolleagues,hesaid.Thisplanningprocessincludesworkingoutthevideo'sthemewiththeclient,

creatingascript,bringingtogetherthevisualsandtextcontent,andalsomanaginglogisticslikewheretoparkthe

carsandhowtobringelectricitytotheset.

Despitethepressure,Digetsgreatjoyfrommakinganimpactthroughhisworks.In2019,hemadeafilmfor

Tsinghua,whichtellsthestoryofagroupoffirstgenerationcollegestudents.Itwasviewedmorethan15million

timesonsocialmediaandbecameahottop20trendingtopiconSinaWeibo.Beingafirstgenerationcollege

studenthimself,Difeltverypassionateaboutthevideosgoalofinspiringstudentstousetheireducationtomakea

betterlifefortheirfamilies.Onemonthbeforethenationalcollegeentranceexamin2020,Direleasedafeature

filmencouraginghighschoolstudentstokeepworkinghardaftertheexamwaspushedbackbyonemonth.

“IwanttouncoverandshareChina'sstorieswiththeworld,truestoriesofChineseyouthfightingfortheir

dreams,saidDi.

4.WhatdoweknowaboutDiDi?

A.Hestarteddirectingattheageof19.B.Hestudiedfilmdirectingatcollege.

C.Hewantedtobeadirectorwhenyoung.D.HestarredinTsinghua'sadmissionsvideo.

5.WhatdoesDithinkisnecessaryfordirectors?

A.Artisticskill.B.Technicalknowledge.

C.Moneymanagementskill.D.Organizationalskill.

6.WhyarethetwofilmsmentionedinParagraph4?

A.TogiveexamplesofDi?smostpopularworks.B.ToshowhowDiinspirespeoplethroughhisworks.

C.TostresshiscontributionstoTsinghuaUniversity.D.ToprovethepopularityofDiasadirector.

7.WhatdoesDiaimtodothroughhisfilms?

A.Furtherhiscareeroverseas.B.Beefamousandinfluential.

C.TellstoriesofyoungChinesetotheworld.D.Encouragestudentstogotofamousuniversities.

【答案】4.A5.D6.B7.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一位名叫DiDi的年輕導(dǎo)演在自己創(chuàng)辦的媒體公司中從事廣告和

宣傳視頻制作工作，通過自己的作品影響他人。

【4題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Atage29,DiDialreadyhasalmost10yearsofdirectingexperienceunderhisbelt.（29

歲的迪迪已經(jīng)有了近10年的導(dǎo)演經(jīng)驗。）”可知，DiDil9歲時開始當(dāng)導(dǎo)演。故選A。

【5題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題o根據(jù)第三段的“Whilemanypeoplethinkthatdirectorsareexpertsatart,Difoundthatdirectorsare,

infact,expertsatmanagement.t6Onlyonethirdofmytimeisspentonset.Therestofthetime,I'mdoinglotsof

planningwithmycustomersandcolleagues,“hesaid.Thisplanningprocessincludesworkingoutthevideo'stheme

withtheclient,creatingascript,bringingtogetherthevisualsandtextcontent,andalsomanaginglogisticslikewhere

toparkthecarsandhowtobringelectricitytotheset.（雖然很多人認為導(dǎo)演是藝術(shù)專家，但迪發(fā)現(xiàn)導(dǎo)演實際上

是管理專家。“我只有三分之一的時間花在片場。其余時間，我與客戶和同事一起做很多計劃，”他說。這

個規(guī)劃過程包括與客戶一起制定視頻主題，創(chuàng)建腳本，將視覺和文本內(nèi)容整合在一起，以及管理物流，比如

在哪里停車以及如何為布景供電。）”可知，DiDi所做的事情是需要組織技能的，因此在DiDi看來組織技

能是導(dǎo)演必備的。故選D。

【6題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“In2019,hemadeafilmforTsinghua,whichtellsthestoryofagroupof

firstgenerationcollegestudents.Itwasviewedmorethan15milliontimesonsocialmediaandbecameahottop20

trendingtopiconSinaWeibo.Beingafirstgenerationcollegestudenthimself,Difeltverypassionateaboutthevideos

goalofinspiringstudentstousetheireducationtomakeabetterlifefortheirfamilies.Onemonthbeforethenational

collegeentranceexamin2020,Direleasedafeaturefilmencouraginghighschoolstudentstokeepworkinghard

aftertheexamwaspushedbackbyonemonth.（2019年，他為清華大學(xué)拍攝了一部電影，講述了一群第一代大

學(xué)生的故事。該視頻在社交媒體上的點擊量超過1500萬次，并成為新浪微博熱門話題前20名之一。作為

第一代大學(xué)生，迪對視頻的目標充滿熱情，即激勵學(xué)生利用所學(xué)知識為家人創(chuàng)造更好的生活。在2020年高

考推遲一個月后，迪發(fā)布了一部故事片，鼓勵高中生繼續(xù)努力學(xué)習(xí)。）”可知，本段提到了這兩部電影是為

了展示DiDi如何通過他的作品激勵人們。故選B。

【7題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“"IwanttouncoverandshareChina'sstorieswiththeworld,truestoriesofChinese

youthfightingfortheirdreams,saidDi.（他說：“我想與世界分享中國的故事，中國年輕人為夢想而奮斗的真

實故事?？芍珼iDi的目的是通過他的電影向世界講述中國年輕人的故事。故選C。

C

Mostofushaveheardofthe3Rs:reduce,reuseandrecycle.Itisthecoreprincipleofasustainable（可持續(xù)

的）life,butfewofuscanapplyitinourownlives.Now,there5sa"lab"youcanexploreanddiscoveraway

towardlivingsustainably.

3RLabislocatedinXuhuidistrict,Shanghai.Itoffersexhibitions,activitiesandgoodsthatshowcasethe3R

principle.Thekeytoasustainablelife,accordingtoVincentT.M.Fong,the32yearoldfromHongKongwho

createdthelab,istomakeitalongtermpromise.t6Asustainablelifeshouldbesustainableitselfinthefirstplace.

Youcan'tleadasustainablelifeonawhim.Smallandfortablechangesareexactlywhatyouneed,^^Fongsaid.

Thelabregularlyhostsuglyfruitmarkets,offeringthesestrangefruitswhichareoftenthrownawayby

traditionalmarketsandconsumersataquiteattractiveprice."They'rethrownawaysimplybecauseoftheir

appearance.Buyingfruitregardlessofhowtheylookreducesfoodwastesignificantlyinourdailyliffe,“Fong

mented.

Awatertankwithtwotypesofstrawsisanotherequipmentinthelab."Onetypeismadefromnormalplastics

widelyusedinourdailylifewhiletheotherisfromPHA,anewreplacementforplastics,andthewaterissourced

fromtheSuzhouRiver,9,explainedNiLi,anemployeeofthelab.VisitorscanseehowthePHAstrawsdegrade（降

解）intoathinlayerinjustonemonth,whiletheothersremainunchanged.

“Leadingasustainablelifedoesnotnecessarilymeansacrifice,saidFong.Consuminguglyfruitandusing

degradableplasticsaresmallchangesthataregoodfortheenvironmentandeasytostickto.Onlyinthiswaycan

the3Rprinciplebeepartofourlives,headded.

Afterworkingthereforsixmonths,Ni,whowasn'tmindfulofthe3Rprinciplebeforearrivingatthelab,now

useshercupeverytimeshebuysacoffee.t4ThejobhasreshapedmyNisaid.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“onawhim“inthesecondparagraphprobablymean?

A.Inarush.B.Onaregularbasis.

C.Withoutanyreason.D.Asamonpractice.

9.Whatisthepurposeoftheuglyfruitmarketat3RLab?

A.Toreducefoodwaste.B.Topromotehealthyeating.

C.Tosellnewkindsoffruit.D.Toprovidemoreaffordablefruit,

10.Whatcanthewatertankat3RLabshowtoitsvisitors?

A.Thewaterpollutioncausedbyplastics.B.ThedegradationofPHAstraws.

C.Theinteractionbetweentwotypesofstraws.D.Thedisappearanceofnormalplasticstraws.

11.WhatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphaboutNi?

A.Sheavoidsgoingtotraditionalmarkets.B.Shehasdevotedlesstimetoherhobbies.

C.Shehasgotridofafewbadhabits.D.Sheisleadingalowcarbonlifenow.

【答案】8.A9.A10.B11.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了3R實驗室正在探索一種可持續(xù)生活方式。

【8題詳解】

詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線短語的下文“Smallandfortablechangesareexactlywhatyouneed,（小而舒適的改變正

是你所需要的，）”可知，需要小而舒適的改變，也就是說你不可能一時興起就過上可持續(xù)的生活的，所以

推斷劃線短語的意思是“一時興起、匆忙地”。故選A項。

【9題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“They'rethrownawaysimplybecauseoftheirappearance.Buyingfruit

regardlessofhowtheylookreducesfoodwastesignificantlyinourdailylife,（它們僅僅因為外表而被丟棄。購買

水果，不管它們看起來如何，都能大大減少我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪械氖澄锢速M，）”可知，3R實驗室丑陋水果市

場的目的是為了減少食物浪費。故選A項。

【10題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“VisitorscanseehowthePHAstrawsdegrade（降解）intoathinlayerinjustone

month,whiletheothersremainunchanged.（參觀者可以看到PHA吸管是如何在一個月內(nèi)降解成薄薄的一層，

而其他吸管則保持不變。）”可知，3R實驗室的水箱能向參觀者展示PHA吸管的降解。故選B項。

【11題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段uAfterworkingthereforsixmonths,Ni,whowasn'tmindfulofthe3R

principlebeforearrivingatthelab,nowuseshercupeverytimeshebuysacoffee.（在那里工作了六個月后,倪在

來實驗室之前并不知道3R原理，現(xiàn)在她每次買咖啡都要用自己的杯子。）”可推知，倪現(xiàn)在過著低碳生

活。故選D項。

D

Theyear2023markedthe20thanniversaryofChina'sfirstmannedspacemission,withYangLiweibeingthe

firstChineseastronauttogotospace.Sincethen,another17astronautshavereachedforthestars.Theselectionof

thefourthgenerationofastronautsbeganin2022andisnowinfullswing.Expertsrevealedhowdifficultthe

trainingisbeforeastronautscanexplorethespace.

Thehumanbodyisnotdesignedforspacelife.Astronautsarefacedwithmultiplechallengesonaspace

mission.Thechangesingravitycanhaveanimpactontheirbodies.Thefeelingofisolationandclosedlivingina

smallspacecraftformonthscandamagetheirmentalhealth.Emergenciesduringmissionschallengetheir

knowledgeandabilitytosolveproblemsunderhugepressure.Soifsnowonderthatastronautshavetomeet

extremelyhighstandardsandgothroughatoughtrainingprogram.

TomakesurethatChineseastronautspletetheirmissionsandreturntoEarthsafely,t6Eighttypes,including

over200subjectsoftraining,wereset,“HuangWeifen,chiefdesigneroftheastronautsystemforChina'smanned

spaceproject,toldCCTVNews.Apartfromphysicalfitnesstraining,italsoincludesbasicscientifictheories,

psychologicalhealth,andmock（模擬的）missions.

Amongthetrainingsubjects,themosttiringoneisunderwatertraining.Thistrainingisdesignedfor

astronautstoadapttothemicrogravityenvironmentinspace.AccordingtoHuang,astronautsstayunderwaterin

suitsweighingover100kilogramsforsixhoursatatime.Waterresistance（阻力）andtheheavysuitmakeevery

moveexhausting.a'NieHaishengoncereportedatwokilogramlossinweightafteroneunderwateitraining

exercise,9,saidHuang.Eachastronautreceivestrainingforatleastthreeandahalfyearsbeforehavingthechance

togotospace.

Whocanbeeastronauts?ThefirstandsecondgenerationsofChineseastronautswereselectedonlyfromthe

ChinesePeople'sLiberationArmyAirForce.However,since2018,whenthethirdgenerationselectionprocess

began,ordinarypeoplehavebeeninvitedtoapply.Theycanflywithpilotastronautstospace.

12.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?

A.Highstandardsastronautsneedtomeet.B.Healthproblemscausedbymicrogravity.

C.Requirementsofthetoughastronauttraining.D.Differentchallengesastronautsfaceinspace.

13.Whichisthemostphysicallydemandingforitsparticipantsaccordingtothearticle?

A.Mockmission.B.Underwatertraining.

C.Physicalfitnesstraining.D.Scientifictheorylearning.

14.WhydidHuangmentionNieHaishertg'stwokilogramweightloss?

A.Tostresshowchallengingthetrainingis.B.TodescribeNie'spersonalachievements.

C.Tointroducetheweightlimitforastronauts.D.Toexplaintheimportanceofpropertraining.

15.Whatisthemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?

A.TheQualitiesofBeinganAstronautB.AstronautsFacedwithMultipleChallenges

C.PreparingtheMindandBodyforSpaceD.The20thAnniversaryofChina'sSpaceMission

【答案】12.D13.B14.A15.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了中國第四代航天員的選拔已經(jīng)開始，并且正在如火如荼地進行中。

專家透露，成為一名宇航員需要經(jīng)歷極其艱苦的訓(xùn)練，包括身體、心理和模擬任務(wù)等方面的訓(xùn)練。

【12題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段^Astronautsarefacedwithmultiplechallengesonaspacemission.Thechangesin

gravitycanhaveanimpactontheirbodies.Thefeelingofisolationandclosedlivinginasmallspacecraftfor

monthscandamagetheirmentalhealth.Emergenciesduringmissionschallengetheirknowledgeandabilityto

solveproblemsunderhugepressure.（宇航員在太空任務(wù)中面臨著多重挑戰(zhàn)。重力的變化會對他們的身體產(chǎn)生

影響。在小宇宙飛船中生活數(shù)月的孤立感和封閉感會損害他們的心理健康。任務(wù)期間的緊急情況挑戰(zhàn)了他

們在巨大壓力下解決問題的知識和能力。）”可知，第二段主要討論了宇航員在太空中面臨的各種挑戰(zhàn)。故

選D。

【13題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Amongthetrainingsubjects,themosttiringoneisunderwatertraining.（在訓(xùn)練科目

中，最累人的是水下訓(xùn)練。）”可知，水下訓(xùn)練對參與者的體力要求最高。故選B。

【14題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Thistrainingisdesignedforastronautstoadapttothemicrogravityenvironmentin

space.AccordingtoHuang,astronautsstayunderwaterinsuitsweighingover100kilogramsforsixhoursatatime.

Waterresistance（阻力）andtheheavysuitmakeeverymoveexhausting.t6NieHaishengoncereporteda

twokilogramlossinweightafteroneunderwateitrainingexercise,9,saidHuang.（這項訓(xùn)|練是為宇航員適應(yīng)太空

微重力環(huán)境而設(shè)計的。據(jù)黃說，宇航員穿著重達100多公斤的宇航服，一次在水下呆6個小時。水的阻力

和沉重的衣服使每一個動作都筋疲力盡?！奥櫤僭?jīng)報告說，在一次水下訓(xùn)練后，他的體重減輕了兩公

斤。"黃說）”可知，黃提到聶海勝的兩公斤體重損失是為了強調(diào)訓(xùn)練的挑戰(zhàn)性有多大。故選A。

【15題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Apartfromphysicalfitnesstraining,italsoincludesbasicscientifictheories,

psychologicalhealth,andmock（模擬的）missions.（除了體能訓(xùn)練，它還包括基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)理論、心理健康和模擬

任務(wù)。）”及全文可知，文章主要介紹了成為一名宇航員需要經(jīng)歷極其艱苦的訓(xùn)練，包括身體、心理和模擬

任務(wù)等方面的訓(xùn)練。所以選擇項C"PreparingtheMindandBodyforSpace（為太空做好身心準備）”作為文

章標題最為合適。故選C。

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12?5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選

項。

MinorColdisthe23rdsolartermofthe24traditionalChinesesolarterms.FormostareasofChina,itmarks

thestartofthecoldestdaysoftheyear.Still,bittercoldcan'tpreventpeoplefromenjoyingtheirlives.16

EnjoyMuttonhotpotandbakedsweetpotato.

Muttonhotpot,andbakedsweetpotatoaretworemendedfoodsforMinorCold.17Itcanhelp

preventcoldfromharmingtheirorgans.Theyangenergyinthethreetypesoffoodisstrengthenedthroughtheir

methodofcooking:boiling,stirfryingandbaking.

EatLabaporridge.

AnotherimportanttraditionalfoodforMinorColdisLabaporridge.18LocalpeopleinBeijing

oftencookLabaporridgeonthenightoftheseventhdayofthetwelfthlunarmonth.Afteronenight'sslow

simmering,alltheingredientsmeltintotheporridgeinthemorningoftheeighthday,beingawarmdelicacyto

enjoyoncolddays.

19

PeopleinNanjingusedtotakeMinorColdquiteseriously,andtheystillkeepacustomofeatingvegetable

ricetocelebratethissolarterm.Thericeissteamedwithaijiaohuang,sausageandsaltedduckthatareallthe

specialtiesinNanjing.

MakeChinesetraditionalherbalmedicine.

20Manypeopleneedthemtopreparenewmedicines,whichwillbeconsumedbeforetheLunar

NewYear.

A.StockupforNewYear.

B.TasteNanjingvegetablerice.

C.Itismadefromover20kindsofnuts,cerealsanddriedfruits.

D.MinorColdisalsothebusiesttimefordoctorsandpharmacies,

E.HerearesomethingsthathelpusstaywarmduringMinorCold.

EBeef,sesameandwalnutsarealsogoodchoicesforMinorCold.

G.AccordingtoChinesetradition,peopleeatfoodcontainingmoreyangenergy.

【答案】16.E17.G18.C19.B20.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了小寒，以及一些小寒的一些飲食習(xí)俗。

【16題詳解】

I艮據(jù)上文“MinorColdisthe23rdsolartermofthe24traditionalChinesesolarterms.FormostareasofChina,it

marksthestartofthecoldestdaysoftheyear.Still,bittercoldcan,tpreventpeoplefi-omenjoyingtheirlives.（〃、寒

是中國傳統(tǒng)二十四節(jié)氣中的第23個節(jié)氣。對于中國大部分地區(qū)來說，這標志著一年中最冷的日子的開

始。盡管如此，嚴寒并不能阻止人們享受生活）”以及后文主要介紹小寒的一些飲食習(xí)俗可知，有一些食物

可以幫助人們御寒。故E選項“這里有一些東西可以幫助我們在小寒期間保持溫暖”符合語境，故選E。

【17題詳解】

根據(jù)上文“Muttonhotpot,andbakedsweetpotatoaretworemendedfoodsforMinorCold.（羊肉火鍋和烤紅薯

是小寒的兩種推薦食物）“以及后文"Itcanhelppreventcoldfromharmingtheirorgans.Theyangenergyinthe

threetypesoffoodisstrengthenedthroughtheirmethodofcooking:boiling,stirfryingandbaking.（它可以幫助防

止寒冷傷害他們的器官。這三種食物的陽氣是通過它們的烹飪方法來增強的：煮、炒、烤）”可知，本句說

明吃羊肉和紅薯是因為屬于陽性食物。故G選項“根據(jù)中國的傳統(tǒng)，人們吃含有更多陽氣的食物”符合語

境，故選G。

【18題詳解】

根據(jù)上文uAnotherimportanttraditionalfoodforMinorColdisLabaporridge.（小寒另一種重要的傳統(tǒng)食物是

臘八粥）”可知，本句承接上文，說明臘八粥是用什么制作的。故C選項”它是由20多種堅果、谷物和干

果制成的”符合語境，故選C。

【19題詳解】

根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容"PeopleinNanjingusedtotakeMinorColdquiteseriously,andtheystillkeepacustomofeating

vegetablericetocelebratethissolarterm.Thericeissteamedwithaijiaohuang,sausageandsaltedduckthatareall

thespecialtiesinNanjing.（南京人過去很重視小寒，他們?nèi)匀槐Ａ糁允卟孙垇響c祝這個節(jié)氣的習(xí)俗。米飯

是用南京的特色菜艾椒黃、香腸和咸鴨肉蒸的）”可知，本段主要介紹了南京蔬菜飯，故B選項“品嘗南

京蔬菜飯”符合語境，故選B。

[20題詳解】

根據(jù)后文“Manypeopleneedthemtopreparenewmedicines,whichwillbeconsumedbeforetheLunarNew

Year.（許多人需要他們來準備新的藥物，這些藥物將在農(nóng)歷新年前被消耗掉）”可知，后文提到了人們需要

某些人來準備新的藥物，可推測是醫(yī)療方面的人員。故D選項“小寒也是醫(yī)生和藥房最忙的時候”符合語

境，故選D。

第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

“Nothingwilleverbethesameagain”,Allysaidtoherself.

Ally'sfatherdiedlastsummer.Itwasn'tfair,Allythought.Dadwasyoungandhadneverbeen21.

Whyhadhisheartsuddenlystopped?Ally22slowlyintoherfather^favoritechairandlookedathis

pictureonthebookcase.Allysmiled,a4Imissyou,Dads”.

Shefeltahand23herhairandlookedup."Whydon'tyoueoutsidewithme,Ally?”hermother

asked.t6Thebirdsare24inthewoods.Bythistimelastyearyou'dalreadytakendozensofpictures.^^

Buthermothermustknow25wouldn'tbethesamethisyear.Howcoulditbe?Ally26.

Eversinceshecouldremember,sheandDadhadbeena27、searchingthewoodsforthespecialwood

warbler（林鶯）."I'llbeoutinawhile,“sheanswered.

Afterhermotherleft,AllyreachedforthephotoalbumsheandDadhadputtogether.Onthecoverwasa

photoofatinyyellow28withbluegraywingsandblackeyes.Dadcutitfromalocalnewspaper.Ally

smiled,rememberingthe29lookonDad'sfacewhenheshowedhertheprettybird.

"Ican'tbelievesomeone30thislittleguywayuphereinNewJersey,hesaid.uWoodwarblersare

usuallyfoundinthesouth,notthisfarnorth.Ibetifwesearch31,Ally,we'llseethislittleguytogether

someday.^^Allyclosedhereyes.Shelovedthinkingaboutthetimes