福建省（新高考I卷）2024年高考英語考場仿真模擬（解析版）

備戰(zhàn)2024年高考英語模擬卷05（新高考I卷）

（考試時間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）

注意事項：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。

2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，

用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選

項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

1.Whatdoesthemanthinkofputtingthefoldingtabletogether?

A.Interesting.B.Hard.C.Easy.

【答案】B

【原文】M:Theinstructionsheresaythatyouneedtoputthefoldingtabletogetheryourself.Fvespentall

afternoontryingtodoit,butitwasimpossible.

W:Iknowwhatyoumean.ThelasttimeItriedtoputtogetheratoytrainformyson,Ialmostgaveup.

2.Whichmoviedoesthemanprefer?

A.LostintheStars.B.NeverSayNever.C.Chang5an.

【答案】C

【原文】M:Lefsenjoyamovietonight!

W:Okay.Whichonedoyouwanttosee,LostintheStars,NeverSayNeverorChang9an?

M:Chang5an.IfsgoodforourkidstolearnmoreaboutLiBai.

3.Whereisthewomannow?

A.Athome.B.Atschool.C.Inapark.

【答案】B

【原文】W：Tom,afterIfinishmyworkhereatschool,I'mgoingtothepark.

M：OK,butPmjustgoingtostayathome.

4.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

A.Newchallenges.B.Stampcollecting.C.Theirhobbies.

【答案】c

【原文】W:Howbeautifulthestampsare!Howlongdidittakeyoutocollectthem?

M:Morethanthreeyears.

W:Idon'thavethepatience.Iprefersomethingchallenging,soIchoosetoplaychess.

5.Whydoesthewomancalltheman?

A.Toputoffanappointment.B.Tomakeanapology.C.Tocancel

aflight.

【答案】A

【原文】W:Hello,Mr.Smith.FmafraidDr.Brownwon'tbeabletoseeyoutoday.He'sstillwaitingfora

flightoutofNewYork.Hesaidhewouldmeetyoutomorrowafternoon.IsitOK?

M:Soundsgood.Thanksforcalling.

第二節(jié)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項

中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題

將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。

6.Whydoesthewomancometoseetheman?

A.Tomakeuponeclass.

B.Toaskabouthertermpaper.

C.Totalkaboutcomputertechnology.

7.Whafsthedatetoday?

A.November7th.B.November13th.C.November28th.

【答案】6.B7.A

【原文】M:Kendall,whydidn'tyoucometomyclassyesterday?

W:Tmsorry,ProfessorJames.ImissedyourclassyesterdaybecauseIhadabadheadache.Couldyoutell

meyourrequirementsformytermpaper,please?

M:Sure.ThethemeofthepapershouldbeaboutthedevelopmentofcomputertechnologyinAmerica.

W:OK.Howlongshoulditbe?

M:Nolessthan15pages.IfsdueonNovember28th,threeweeksfromnow,soyoushouldhaveenough

timetofinishit.

W:Thanks.Iwon'tletyoudown.

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。

8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Schoolmates.B.Brotherandsister.C.Teacherandstudent.

9.WhatjusthappenedtoCharlie?sshirt?

A.Hegotateastainonit.

B.Hegotbluepaintonit.

C.Helostitonthegrass.

10.WhatwillCharlietoafterschool?

A.Buyanewshirt.

B.Washhisshirthimself.

C.Tellhismotherwhathappened.

【答案】8.A9.B10.A

【原文】W:Don'tsitthere.Oh,Charlie!

M:Ouch!Isthischairmadeofpaper,Betty?

W:Yes.Itriedtowarnyou.Thafspartofoursetforourschoolplay.Didyouhurtyourself?

M:No,butlookatmyshirt.

W:Oh,no.Itlookslikeyougotpaintonit.Well,atleastit'stheprettyshadeofblue.

M:Mymomwillkillme.Shejustwashedthegrassstainoutofitlastnight.Shetoldmetobemorecareful

today.Ican'twearthishone.

W:Don'tworry.She'llunderstandifyoutellherwhathappened.

M:Noway.Ineedtobuyanewone.Youhavetogowithmeafterschool.

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。

11.Whatpartoftheman'sbodyishurting?

A.Thetopofhishead.

B.Therightsideofhisface.

C.Theleftsideofhismouth.

12.Wheredoesthemandecidetogo?

A.Toahospital.

B.Toadentisfsoffice.

C.Tohisregulardoctor'soffice.

13.Howwillthespeakersgothere?

A.Bybus.B.Bybike.C.Bycar.

【答案】11.c12.A13.C

【原文】M:Idon'tknowhowmuchlongerIcanstandthispain.Thedentistdoesn'tknowwhafswrong.

Myregulardoctordoesn'tknowwhafswrong.WherecanIgotofindouthowtofixmyproblem?

W:Isityourmouthagain?

M:Yeah,theleftsideofmymouth.Ithurtslikecrazy!Icanhardlysleepatnight.

W:Iguessyoushouldgotoanexpert,then.Can'tyourdoctorordentisttellyouwheretogo?

M:Theyhaven'tbeentoohelpful.MaybeIshouldgostraighttotheemergencyroomatthehospital.

W:Thatmightbeagoodidea.IfsSaturday,soyoudon'thavetoworryaboutgoingtowork.Wantmeto

driveyouthere?

M:Yeah,IguessIshoulddoitnow.I'llgetready.I'mnotlookingforwardtothis.Iwonderwhatthey911

find.

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。

14.Whatdayisittoday?

A.Thursday.B.Friday.C.Saturday.

15.Whatkindofpartywillthegirlattend?

A.Abirthdayparty.B.Awelcomeparty.C.Agoodbyeparty.

16.Whydoesthemanrefusethegirltodrivehiscar?

A.Shecantakethesubway.

B.Shedoesn'thavealicense.

C.Sheisnotskilledenoughtodrive.

17.WhatgiftwillthegirlbringforJenny?

A.Thewoodenboat.B.Chocolate.C.Someflowers.

【答案】14.A15.C16.C17.A

【原文】W:Dad,don'twaitfbrmefordinnertomorrow.I'llgotoattendaparty.

M:Issomeonehavingherbirthday?

W:No,JennyisthrowingapartyatherhouseinHillPeakthisFriday.YouknowsheismovingtoNewYork

nextweek.

M:Isee.Theclosingtimeofthesubwayinthatareaisprettyearly.Doyouneedmetopickyouupwhen

thepartyisdone.

W:Ormaybeyoucanletmedriveyourcar?

M:No,youjustgotyourlicense.Ifsnotsafe.

W:Oh,comeon.Fine,rilletyouknowwhenit'sover.Bytheway,whatgiftshouldIbringforJenny?

M:Tmnotsure.Someflowers?Orsomechocolate,maybe?

W:Well,I'mthinkingsomethingthatwilllast,somethingspecial.

M:Howaboutthewoodenboatyoumadeformonths?IrememberJennylikeditverymuchlasttimeshe

sawit.

W:You'reagenius,Daddy!Thankyou.

聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。

18.Whoarethelisteners?

A.Parents.B.Students.C.Teachers.

19.Howcanthelistenersgettheinformationabouttheprocedures?

A.Fromabrochure.B.Fromadoctor.C.Fromthespeaker.

20.Whatdoesthespeakersuggestthelistenersdointheend?

A.Gotothehealthcentersoon.

B.Offertheirmedicalhistorytothedoctor.

C.Makeanearlyappointmentwiththehealthcenter.

【答案】18.B19.A20.C

【原文】

Goodafternoon!Thankyouforcomingtotheinternationalstudentoffice?sfirstmeetingforstudents

goingabroadtoSouthAmerica,nextautumn.Ifyouhaven'tyetsignedournamelist,besuretodoiton

yourwayout.Thismeetingisamustforyou,soyouneedtomakesureweknowyou'rehere.

Today,lefstalkabouthealthandthenecessaryprocedurestogetyourstudentvisa.Allofyoushould

gatherhealthinformation,suchasevidencefromyourdoctorsthatyoudon'thaveanyseriousdiseases.All

theinformationabouttheprocedurescanbefoundinyourhostcountrybrochure.

Youarealsorequiredtomeetwithadoctoratthestudenthealthcenter.Thehealthcentercangiveyou

informationaboutappointmenttimes,butpleasebookyourappointmentearly,becausetheexpertisonlyon

dutyatcertaintimes.Remember,youshouldhaveyourmeetingatleastfourtosixweeksbeforeyourtrip.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37?5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

A

Animalvolunteeringabroadistheperfectopportunityforanimalloverswhowanttodosomething

goodwhiletraveling.Hereareseveralprograms.

LeatherbackTurtleAmbassador

Ourmainmissionistoprotectendangeredseaturtlessuchastheleatherbackseaturtleandthegreen

seaturtle.Byworkingwithlocalsandenvironmentaleducationprograms,wewillbeabletoeducatepeople

ontheimportanceofprotectingthevaluableseaecosystem.

Location:Limon,CostaRica

Requirements:Age:18-50;Languageskill:basicEnglish

Fee:266€perweek

WildlifeShelterCarer

Everyyear,hundredsofthousandsofnativeanimalsareinjuredorbecomesick,oftenbecauseof

interactionwithpeopleorpets.Ourwildlifesheltershaverescuedsick,injurednativewildlifeandloved

thembacktohealthtobereturnedtothenaturalenvironment.Sincewereceivenofundingfrom

governments,thesheltersrelyonthedonationsofvolunteersandthepublic.

Location:NewSouthWales,Australia

Requirements:Age:18-50;Languageskill:fluentEnglish

Fee:706€perweek

ThaiElephantSanctuary

Ourprogramhelpsdomesticatedelephantsrescuedfromalifeofworkingonthestreetsorloggingand

providescaretorescuedelephantpopulation.Theprogramhaswonnumerousawardsforitsethical

contributiontotheassistanceofThaiElephants.Theteamhaverescueddozensofelephantsandgiventhem

sheltersinbeautiful,openspaces.

Location:Phetchaburiprovince,Thailand

Requirements:Age:18-50;Languageskill:fluentEnglish

Fee:647€perweek

Force-freeHorseSanctuaryAssistant

Areyoupassionateabouthorsesandeagertomakeapositiveimpactonhorsewelfare?Joinour

incredibleForce-FreeHorseSanctuaryProgram,whereyou'llbecomepartofadevotedteamcaringforour

beautifulhorses.Throughpositivereinforcementandforce-freehorsemanshipskills,you'llhelpimprovethe

livesofthesemagnificentanimals.

Location:Atajate,Spain

Requirements:Age:14-50;Languageskill:basicEnglishorbasicSpanish

Fee:392€perweek

21.Whichprogramcostsleastperweek?

A.LeatherbackTurtleAmbassador.B.WildlifeShelterCarer.

C.ThaiElephantSanctuary.D.Force-freeHorseSanctuaryAssistant.

22.WhatcanyoudointheprogramofWildlifeShelterCarer?

A.Advocateprotectingseaanimals.

B.Attendtoanimalsinpoorcondition.

C.Adoptendangeredanimalsasyourpets.

D.Acquirecomplicatedhorsemanshipskills.

23.Wherecanyouvolunteerifyouarea15-year-oldEnglishspeaker?

A.Limon,CostaRica.B.NewSouthWales,Australia.

C.Phetchaburiprovince,Thailand.D.Atajate,Spain.

【答案】21.A22.B23.D

【導(dǎo)語】本文是應(yīng)用文。介紹四個不同的動物保護志愿者項目，每個項目都提供了詳細的描述，包括

項目的目標、地點、要求和費用。

21.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)LeatherbackTurtleAmbassador下的“Fee:266€perweek（費用：每周266歐元）”，

WildlifeShelterCarer下的"Fee:706€perweek（費用：每周706歐元）”,ThaiElephantSanctuary下的"Fee:

647€perweek（費用：每周647歐元）”以及Force-freeHorseSanctuaryAssistant下的“Fee:392€per

week（費用：每周392歐元）”可知，LeatherbackTurtleAmbassador是花費最少的。故選A項。

22.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WildlifeShelterCarer下的"Everyyear,hundredsofthousandsofnativeanimalsare

injuredorbecomesick,oftenbecauseofinteractionwithpeopleorpets.Ourwildlifesheltershaverescued

sick,injurednativewildlifeandlovedthembacktohealthtobereturnedtothenaturalenvironment.Since

wereceivenofundingfromgovernments,thesheltersrelyonthedonationsofvolunteersandthepublic.（每

年，成千上萬的本土動物受傷或生病，通常是因為與人或?qū)櫸锏幕印Ｎ覀兊囊吧鷦游锸杖菟攘?/p>

生病、受傷的本地野生動物，并愛護它們，使它們恢復(fù)健康，回歸自然環(huán)境。由于我們沒有得到政府

的資助，這些庇護所依靠志愿者和公眾的捐款）”可知，在WildlifeShelterCarer可以照料狀況不佳的動

物。故選B項。

23.細節(jié)理解題o根據(jù)Force-freeHorseSanctuaryAssistant下的“Requirements:Age:14-50;Languageskill:

basicEnglishorbasicSpanish（要求：年齡14-50歲;語言能力:基本英語或基本西班牙語）“可知，如果你

是一個15歲的英語母語者，你可以在Force-freeHorseSanctuaryAssistant中作志愿者,地點在“Location:

Atajate,Spain”。故選D項。

B

IwastrainedasagymnastinHunan,China,inthe1970s.Thegovernmentwantedtotransfermetoa

schoolforathleteswhilemyparentswantedmetobecomeanengineer,becausetheyfirmlybelievedthere

wasonlyonesurewaytohappiness:asafeandwell-paidjob.ButmydreamwastobecomeaChineseopera

singer.AlthoughItriedeverythingIcouldtogotooperaschool,IknewIwastoooldtobetrainedandmy

dreamwouldnevercometrue.

Butthafssounfair.SoIwasdeterminedtofindanothercalling-books.Isatisfiedmyhungerfor

parentaladvicefromtheFuLeisFamilyLettersbyFuLeiandZhuMeifu,foundmyrolemodelofan

independentwomanfromJaneEyre,learnedtobeefficientfromCheaperbytheDozen,andinspiredmyself

tostudyabroadafterreadingCompleteWorksofSanmaoandLessonsfromHistory.

IcametotheU.S.in1995whereIstartedcomparativereading.Comparingandcontrastinggive

scholarsamorecompleteunderstandingofatopic.SoIthought,well,ifcomparativereadingworksfor

research,whynotdoitindailylifetoo?SoIstartedreadingbooksinpairs.Theycanbeaboutpeoplewho

areinvolvedinthesameevent-BenjaminFranklinbyWalterIsaacsonandJohnAdamsbyDavid

McCullough,forexample,orfriendswithsharedexperiences.Ialsocomparethesamestoriesindifferent

genresorsimilarstoriesfromdifferentcultures,asJosephCampbelldidinhiswonderfulbookThePowerof

Myth.

Bookshavegivenmeamagicportal（入□）toconnectwithpeopleofthepastandthepresent.Ihave

cometobelievethatcomingtrueisnottheonlypurposeofadream.Itsmostimportantpurposeistogetus

intouchwithwheredreamscomefrom,wherepassioncomesfromandwherehappinesscomesfrom.Even

ashattered（遭受極大打擊的）dreamcandothatforyou.Somaybooksbealwayswithyou.

24.Whafsthepurposeofparagraph1?

A.Toprovidebackgroundinformation.B.Tolistsomeexamples.

C.Tomakeacomparison.D.Tosummarizetheparagraphsbelow.

25.Fromwhichbookdidtheauthorgetthemotivationtostudyabroad?

A.FuLeisFamilyLetters.B.JaneEyre.

C.CheaperbytheDozen.D.CompleteWorksofSanmao.

26.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Thefutureofcomparativereading.

B.Theconceptofcomparativereading.

C.Thewriter'sexperiencesofcomparativereading.

D.Thewriter'sachievementsofcomparativereading.

27.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.HowIChaseMyDreamsB.HowBooksOpenMyMind

C.WhyIAmKeenonComparativeReadingD.WhyaShatteredDreamChangesMyLife

【答案】24.A25.D26.C27.B

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章介紹了作者熱愛閱讀，他在出國后進行對比閱讀研究并將其運用

到生活之中，作者希望書籍可以伴隨人們終身。

24.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"IwastrainedasagymnastinHunan,China,inthe1970s.Thegovernment

wantedtotransfer（轉(zhuǎn)學）metoaschoolforathleteswhilemyparentswantedmetobecomeanengineer,

becausetheyfirmlybelievedtherewasonlyonesurewaytohappiness:asafeandwell-paidjob.Butmy

dreamwastobecomeaChineseoperasinger.AlthoughItriedeverythingIcouldtogotooperaschool,I

knewIwastoooldtobetrainedandmydreamwouldnevercometrue.^^（20世紀70年代，我在中國湖南

接受體操訓練。政府想把我調(diào)到一所運動員學校，而我的父母則希望我成為一名工程師，因為他們堅

信只有一條通往幸福的可靠途徑：一份安全且高薪的工作。但我的夢想是成為一名中國戲曲歌手。盡

管我想盡一切辦法去上歌劇院，但我知道我太老了，無法接受訓練，我的夢想永遠不會實現(xiàn)。）可知，

這一段的目的是介紹了故事發(fā)生的背景信息。故選A項。

25.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“IsatisfiedmyhungerforparentaladvicefromtheFuLeisFamilyLettersby

FuLeiandZhuMeifu,foundmyrolemodelofanindependentwomanfromJaneEyre,learnedtobe

efficientfromCheaperbytheDozen,andinspiredmyselftostudyabroadafterreadingCompleteWorksof

SRIMOOandLessors加機“由°療.”（我從傅雷和朱梅馥的《傅雷家書》中滿足了對父母建議的渴望，

從《簡?愛》中找到了獨立女性的榜樣，從《兒女一篁筐》中學會了高效，讀了《三毛全集》和《歷

史教訓》后，我萌生了出國留學的念頭。）可知，作者在閱讀《三毛全集》后得到了出國的動力。故

選D項。

26.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“cametotheU.S.in1995whereIstartedcomparativereading.Comparing

andcontrastinggivescholarsamorecompleteunderstandingofatopic.SoIthought,well,ifcomparative

readingworksforresearch,whynotdoitindailylifetoo?SoIstartedreadingbooksinpairs.”（我1995年

來到美國，在那里我開始了比較閱讀。比較和對比使學者們對一個主題有了更全面的了解。所以我想，

如果比較閱讀是為了研究，為什么不在日常生活中也這樣做呢？所以我開始兩人一組看書。）可知，

第三段主要介紹了關(guān)于作者對比閱讀的經(jīng)歷。故選C項。

27.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“IsatisfiedmyhungerforparentaladvicefromtheFuLeisFamilyLettersby

FuLeiandZhuMeifu,foundmyrolemodelofanindependentwomanfromJaneEyre,learnedtobe

efficientfromCheaperbytheDozen,andinspiredmyselftostudyabroadafterreadingCompleteWorksof

andLessors加機“而”.“（我從傅雷和朱梅芙的《傅雷家書》中滿足了對父母建議的渴望，

從《簡?愛》中找到了獨立女性的榜樣，從《兒女一夢筐》中學會了高效，讀了《三毛全集》和《歷

史教訓I》后，我萌生了出國留學的念頭。）及第三段“IcametotheU.S.in1995whereIstartedcomparative

reading."（我1995年來到美國，在那里我開始了比較閱讀。）及最后一段“Bookshavegivenmeamagic

portal（A□）toconnectwithpeopleofthepastandthepresent.”（書籍給了我一個與過去和現(xiàn)在的人們聯(lián)

系的神奇入口。）可知，本文講述的是書籍使我出國從事研究并讓我有了新的認識，說明本文主要介

紹的是書籍如何開闊我的頭腦。故選B項。

C

Acidrainisveryharmfultotheenvironmentbecauseitmakeslivingthingsdie.Acidrainaffectslifein

thewateraswellaslifeontheland.Itisevenworseinthewaterbecausethefishneedthewatertobreathe.

Whenthewatergetspolluted,thefishgetsickandendupdying.

Allrainwatercontainssomelevelacidity.AcidityismeasuredbyPH,whichstandsforpotentialof

hydrogen（氫）.ThePHscalemeasurestheamountofacidinasubstance.PHismeasuredonascalefrom0

to14,with7beingneutral（中性的）.ThelowerthenumberisonthePHscale,themoreacidicthatsubstance

is.NormalrainwaterhasaPHof5.6.WhenthePHlevelofrainwatergoesbelow5.6,itisconsideredacid

rain.

Allofthesealifewilldiewhenthewaterbecomestooacidic.Forexample,allfishwilldiewhenthe

watergoesbelowaPHof4.5.Mostofthefrogsandinsectsthatlivearoundthewaterwillalsodiewhenthe

waterreachesaPHof4.5.WhenthewaterhasaPHof5.5,allofthebottom-dwellingbacterial

decomposers（分解體），animalsthateattheremainsofthefoodthatotheranimalsdon'twant,willbeginto

die.Whenthesedecomposersdie,theywillleavetheunder-composedfoodonthebottom.Thiswillmake

thewaterdirtyandpolluted.Allfreshwatershrimps（蝦）willdiewhenthewaterhasaPHof6.0.Aquatic

plantswillgrowthebestwhenthewaterhasaPHbetween7.0and9.2.Iftheacidrainproblemgetsworse,

allofthesealifewilleventuallybegone.

28.Whatcanweknowaboutacidrain?

A.Itdoesmoreharmtolifeinthewaterthanonland.

B.Itwillkillthelivingthingsassoonasittouchesthem.

C.Itisrainwaterwhichcontainsanyamountofacidity.

D.Itisasubstancewhichhaspotentialofhydrogen.

29.Whichofthefollowingcandiemosteasilyinacidicwater?

A.Allfish.B.Frogsandinsects.

C.Bacterialdecomposers.D.Freshwatershrimps.

30.Accordingtothetext,weknowthat.

A.ifthePHofrainwateris5.6,allofthesealifewillbegone

B.ifthePHofseawaterisbelow7.0,itisnotaproblem

C.ifthePHofrainwaterisbelow5.6,itisdangerous

D.ifthePHofseawaterisbelow4.5,someoftheseafishcan'tdie

31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Thedefinitionofacidrain.B.Howtomeasurerainwater'sPHlevel.

C.Theeffectsthatacidrainhasonsealife.D.Howtoprotectsealifefromacidrain.

【答案】28.A29.D30.C31.C

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要講述的是酸雨對海洋生物的影響。

28.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中"Acidrainaffectslifeinthewateraswellaslifeontheland.Itiseven

worseinthewaterbecausethefishneedthewatertobreathe.Whenthewatergetspolluted,thefishgetsick

andendupdying.（酸雨不僅影響陸地上的生命，也影響水中的生命。在水里情況更糟，因為魚需要水

來呼吸。當水被污染時，魚會生病并最終死亡。）”可知，酸雨它對水中生命的危害比陸地上更大。故

選Ao

29.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的句子“ThelowerthenumberisonthePHscale,themoreacidicthat

substanceis.（PH值越低，表示該物質(zhì)的酸性越強。）”和最后一段的句子“Allofthesealifewilldiewhen

thewaterbecomestooacidic.Forexample,allfishwilldiewhenthewatergoesbelowaPHof4.5.Mostof

thefrogsandinsectsthatlivearoundthewaterwillalsodiewhenthewaterreachesaPHof4.5.Whenthe

waterhasaPHof5.5,allofthebottom-dwellingbacterialdecomposers（分解體），animalsthateatthe

remainsofthefoodthatotheranimalsdon'twant,willbegintodie.Whenthesedecomposersdie,theywill

leavetheunder-composedfoodonthebottom.Thiswillmakethewaterdirtyandpolluted.Allfreshwater

shrimps（蝦）willdiewhenthewaterhasaPHof6.0.（當水變得太酸時，所有的海洋生物都會死亡。例如，

當水的PH值低于4.5時，所有的魚都會死亡。當水的PH值達到4.5時，生活在水周圍的大多數(shù)青蛙

和昆蟲也會死亡。當水的PH值為5.5時，所有生活在海底的細菌分解者，也就是那些吃了其他動物

不想要的食物殘渣的動物，都會開始死亡。當這些分解者死亡時，它們會把未分解的食物留在底部。

這將使水變得骯臟和污染。當水的PH值為6.0時，所有的淡水蝦都會死亡）”可知，淡水蝦的耐酸性

是最弱的，所以，在酸性水中，最容易死亡的是淡水蝦。故選D。

30.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“PHismeasuredonascalefrom0to14,with7beingneutral（中性的）.The

lowerthenumberisonthePHscale,themoreacidicthatsubstanceis.NormalrainwaterhasaPHof5.6.

WhenthePHlevelofrainwatergoesbelow5.6,itisconsideredacidrain.（PH值在0至！J14的范圍內(nèi)測量，

其中7為中性。PH值越低，表示該物質(zhì)的酸性越強。正常雨水的PH值為5.6。當雨水PH值低于5.6

則被認為是酸雨。）”可知，如果雨水的PH值低于5.6時雨水就被認為是酸雨，此時就很危險了。故

選C。

31.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Acidrainaffectslifeinthewateraswellaslifeontheland.Itiseven

worseinthewaterbecausethefishneedthewatertobreathe.Whenthewatergetspolluted,thefishgetsick

andendupdying.（酸雨不僅影響陸地上的生命，也影響水中的生命。在水里情況更糟，因為魚需要水

來呼吸。當水被污染時，魚會生病并最終死亡。）”以及通讀全文可知，本文主要講述的是酸雨對海洋

生物的影響。故選C。

D

Everwonderedwhyyourpartnerisupwiththelark（百靈鳥）whileyouarehappilysleepingtillnoon?

ItcouldbethankstoNeanderthalgenes,accordingtoanewstudy.

ScientistscomparingancientDNAwiththegeneticsofmodemhumansdiscovereda"'strikingtrend”,

saidJohnCapra,anepidemiologist（流彳亍病學家）attheUniversityofCaliforniainSanFrancisco.The

researchersfoundthattheNeanderthalgenesthatremainaffectthebodyclock-increasingtendencytobea

morningperson.

Neanderthalslivedathigherlatitudes（緯度）thanourancestorswhomigratedfromAfrica-further

awayfromtheequator,withthedayslongerinsummerandshorterinwinter.t6Thegenethatmakespeople

earlyriserslikelyenablesmorerapidalignment（協(xié)調(diào)——致）ofthecircadianclock（生物鐘）withchanging

seasonallightpatterns,9,DrCaprasaid,t6whenNeanderthalswereabletomakethemostofdaylighthoursto

hunt.^^

Scientistshavepreviouslyexploredhowthecircadianrhythmsofinsects,plants,andfishhave

developeddependingonlatitude.Butthathasn'tbeenwellstudiedinhumans.Theresearcherswantedtosee

whethertherewasageneticreasonfordifferencesincircadianrhythmsbetweenNeanderthalsandmodern

people,andfound16variants（變異體）associatedwithgreater"momingness”.Theysuspectedthatas

Neanderthalsandtheancestorsofmodernhumansmated,peopletodaycouldhavefollowedNeanderthal

"circadianvariants^^.

Totestthis,scientistsanalysethegeneticsofseveralhundredthousandpeoplefromtheUKBiobank

andfoundmanyofthevariantsthataffectsleeppreference."Mostnoticeably,theyfoundthatthesevariants

increasemomingness,^^theresearcherssaid.Thisisconsistentwithwhathasbeenfoundinotheranimals

thathaveadaptedtolivingatahighlatitude,asNeanderthalsdid.

32.Whydoestheauthormention“yourpartnerisupwiththelark“inparagraph1?

A.Tointroducethefollowingcontext.

B.Tocomparetwomorninglifestyles.

C.Topraisethosewhogetupearly.

D.ToexpressgratitudetoNeanderthals.

33.WhatistherootforNeanderthals?momingnessaccordingtoparagraph3?

A.Thecapabilityofhuntinganimals.B.ThegenesfromAfricanancestors.

C.Theenvironmentathigherlatitudes.D.Thedaylighthoursaroundtheirhabitats.

34.Whatcanbeinferredinparagraph4?

A.Morningnessinhumanisunlikethatinplants.

B.Insects5circadianrhythmsareimpactedbylatitude.

C.Scientistshavepreviouslystudiedthegenesofanimals.

D.ThegenesofNeanderthalsistheonlyreasonformorningness.

35.Howdidresearchersprovetheirsuspection?

A.Byanalyzingstatisticsofthesubjects.

B.Byobservingpeople'ssleepinghabits.

C.Byinterviewingparticipantsintheexperiment.

D.Bycomparingsleeppreferenceamonghumanandanimals.

【答案】32.A33.D34.B35.A

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。根據(jù)一項新的研究，尼安德特人的基因影響著生物鐘的增加，使他們成

為早起的人。

32.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Everwonderedwhyyourpartnerisupwiththelark（百靈鳥）whileyouare

happilysleepingtillnoon?ItcouldbethankstoNeanderthalgenes.accordingtoanewstudy.（你有沒有想

過，為什么你的伴侶起得很早，而你卻在快樂地睡到中午？根據(jù)一項新的研究，這可能要歸功于尼安

德特人的基因）“可知，while表示對比，后面說到你睡到中午，你的伴侶不同，所以，作者提至!J“你的

伴侶起得很早”是為了介紹下面的研究背景。故選A。

33.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Neanderthalslivedathigherlatitudes（緯度）thanourancestorswhomigrated

fromAfrica-furtherawayfromtheequator,withthedayslongerinsummerandshorterinwinter.'The

genethatmakespeopleearlyriserslikelyenablesmorerapidalignment（協(xié)調(diào)一致）ofthecircadianclock

（生物鐘）withchangingseasonallightpatterns/DrCaprasaid,'whenNeanderthalswereabletomakethe

mostofdaylighthourstohunt」（尼安德特人生活在比我們從非洲遷徙而來的祖先更高的緯度遠離

赤道，夏季白晝更長，冬季白晝更短?？ㄆ绽┦空f：“使人們早起的基因可能使生物鐘與季節(jié)光照

模式的變化更迅速地保持一致，因為尼安德特人能夠充分利用白天的時間打獵?！睆V可知，尼安德特

人早起是為了充分利用白天的時間打獵。由此可知，尼安德特人早起的根源是他們棲息地周圍的白天

時間。故選D。

34.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Scientistshavepreviouslyexploredhowthecircadianrhythmsof

insects,plants,andfishhavedevelopeddependingonlatitude.（科學家們此前