2024年新高考考前押題密卷英語(yǔ)（新高考Ⅰ卷02）（全解全析）

地理第2頁(yè)（共3頁(yè)）2024年高考考前押題密卷（新高考I卷02）英語(yǔ)·全解全析（考試時(shí)間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)和座位號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。用2B鉛筆將試卷類型(A)填涂在答題卡相應(yīng)位置上。將條形碼橫貼在答題卡右上角“條形碼粘貼處”。2.作答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目選項(xiàng)的答案信息點(diǎn)涂黑;如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案，答案不能答在試卷上。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置上;如需改動(dòng)，先劃掉原來(lái)的答案，然后再寫上新的答案;不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案無(wú)效。4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔：考試結(jié)束后，將試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1．WhathappenedtoMary?A．Shewentcrazy. B．Shehadacaraccident. C．ShewaskilledlastFriday.【答案】A【原文】W:DoyouknowMarywassenttoStAndrew’smentalinstitutionlastFridaybyherfamily?M:Noway!What’swrongwithher?W:Shewentmadafterhersonwaskilledinthecaraccident.M:Oh,Ifeelsosorryforher.2．WhenwouldSusanliketohavedinner?A．6:30pm. B．7:00pm. C．8:00pm.【答案】B【原文】M:Areyougoingtostayandhavedinnerwithus,Susan?W:Definitely.ButImustleavebefore8:00.M:OK.Wouldyouliketoeatat6:30then?W:That’stooearlyforallofyou,isn’tit?Perhaps7:00isbetter.3．Whereisthewomanprobably?A．Atarestaurant, B．Inanoffice. C．Athome.【答案】C【原文】W:Hi,Tom,wehadtostartthedinnerwithoutyou.M:Iknow.IlefttheofficeearlybutIwasstuckinthetraffic.Sohaveyouleftanyfoodforme?W:Iwasjustkidding.Wewerewaitingforyou.Nowlet’ssetthetable.4．Howwillthemangetinformationaboutthezoo?A．Byreferringtohisphone.B．Withthehelpoftheguide.C．Byreadingthroughtheticket.【答案】A【原文】W:CanIhelpyou?M:Yes,I’dlikeonetickettothezoo,please.W:That’seighteenpounds,wouldyoulikeaguide?M:No,thanks.I’llgetalltheinformationonmyphone.5．WhywillthewomangotoEdinburghnextweek?A．Togoonatrip. B．Totravelonbusiness. C．Togoforaninterview.【答案】C【原文】W:Guesswhat?I’mgoingtoEdinburghnextweek.M:Wow!That’scool.Butforwhat?Itookatripthereyearsago.W:Iwillattendajobinterviewthere.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答6、7小題。6．Whodoesthemanbuyagiftfor?A．Hissister. B．Hiscousin. C．Hismother.7．Whatwillthemanbuy?A．Ahandbag. B．Ahandkerchief. C．Awatch.【答案】6．A7．B【原文】W:MayIhelpyou,sir?M:Yes,please.I’dliketopickapresentformyyoungersister.She’sgoingtoworkinChina.W:Byair?M:Yes.Somygiftshouldbequitelight.Whatdoyousuggest?W:Howaboutthishandbag?It’smadeoffineleather.M:Mycousinhasalreadygivenherone.Andshealsogotanewwatchfrommymother.I’dliketogivehersomethingunusual.W:Howaboutthisone?It’sprettyandpractical.M:Oh,asilkhandkerchief.That’sagreatidea.I’lltakeit.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答8、9小題。8．Whatistheman’sproblem?A．Hehastroubledoingaproject.B．Hewillbelateforanappointment.C．Helostthelawyer’sphonenumber.9．WhatwillJanetdonext?A．Phonethedentist. B．Callataxi. C．Putoffthemeeting.【答案】8．B9．A【原文】M:HelloJanet,Ineedyoutodomeafavour.I’mrunninglatefromthemeetingwiththelawyerabouttheParson’sproject.I’veonlyjustleftandI’mmeanttobeatthedentist’sin15minutes.W:Ohdear,you’renotgoingtobethereontime,areyou?M:No,I’mstuckinataxiandI’llbeatleast20minutesifI’mlucky.W:Soyouneedmetoletthedentistknowthatyou’llbeabitlate,don’tyou?M:Yes,doyoumind?Thenumberisinthephonebookonmydesk.W:Don’tworry.I’llphonethemimmediately.M:Thankssomuch.I’llbebackintheofficebytwo.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答10、11、12小題。10．WhydoesBrucecometoGloria?A．Toissueaninvitation.B．Tohelpherorganizeaschooldance.C．Toinquireaboutstudyingabroad.11．WherewillGloriabeonSaturdaynight?A．Inarestaurant. B．Inadancestudio. C．Athercousin’splace.12．WhatdoesGloriaadviseBrucetodo?A．Practicetenniswithher. B．GetintouchwithAlice. C．Searchforinformationonline.【答案】10．A11．C12．B【原文】M:Hey,Gloria,haveyouheardabouttheschooldancethisweekend?W:Yes,Bruce,what’sup?M:Hmm.Haveyouhadadate?Iwonderifyou’dliketogowithme.W:I’dlovetoBruce,butIhaveafamilyreuniononSaturdaynightatmycousin’shouse.Shewillstudyabroadsoon.WewillhaveabigfamilydinnerandIneedtoprepareagiftforher.M:That’stotallyfine,Gloria.IguessImightgoalone.W:Well,whenIplayedtenniswithAliceyesterday,shementionedshewantedtogotothedanceparty,butshecouldn’tfindanyonetopairupwith.Youmaytryaskingher.M:Oh,really,thanksfortheinformation.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答以下小題。13．Howdidthemanlearntodoskateboardingatfirst?A．Bytakingafewlessons. B．Bywatchingsomevideos. C．Byaskinghiscousinforhelp.14．Wheredoesthemanoftendoskateboarding?A．Aroundthecitysquare. B．Onthebasketballcourt. C．Bythebeach.15．Whatdoesthemanusuallydotokeepfit?A．Swim. B．Cycle. C．Jog.16．Whatistheman’slatestplan?A．Totrainforaskateboardcompetition.B．Tovisitchildren’sskateboardcamps.C．Totakepartinaskateboardadvertisement.【答案】13．B14．C15．A16．B【原文】W:Blaine,whendidyoustartskateboarding?M:Igotmyfirstskateboardateight,Iwantedtojointheskateboardclubatmylocalpark,butyouhadtobeatleasttwelve.Mycousinwasgoodatdoingjumps,buthewasnotinterestedinteachingkidslikeme.SoIwatchedalotofskateboardingvideosandpractisedallthemoves.W:Whereisthebestplaceforskateboarding?M:Well,forfreestyleboarding,whichdoesn’tneedaskatepark.Anysmooth,flatgroundlikeabasketballcourtorasquarewilldo.TheplaceImostoftengotoistheparkthatgoesalongthebeach.W:Thenwhatdoyouliketodotostayfit?M:Iusedtocycleorjogtwiceaweek.Thatwasn’tkeepingmefitenoughthough.NowI’vejoinedthegymtospendtimeswimming.W:Doyouhaveanyplansforthefuture?M:I’llmissabigcompetitionasI’mrecoveringfromanankleinjury.I’vebeenaskedtoadvertiseanewskateboard,butthat’llhavetowaituntilIgetbackfromtheUSA.First,I’mgoingtheretoseeskateboardcampforchildren.聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。17．Whoisthespeakertalkingto?A．Shopcustomers. B．Houseagents. C．Cafeemployees.18．Whydoesthespeakergivethetalk?A．Toannouncetheopeningofanewshop.B．Totellthelistenersthemoveofthecafe.C．Toapologizeforthewrongdecisions.19．Whenisanewplaceexpectedtobefound?A．ByNovember. B．BySeptember. C．ByDecember.20．Whatisthespeaker’sattitudetowardthematteringeneral?A．Confused. B．Nervous. C．Positive.【答案】17．C18．B19．B20．C【原文】M:Hi,fellowworkers.Ihavesomesurprisingnewstoreport.IhavejustcomefromthehouseagencyanditseemsthattheownerofthisplacehasdecidednottocontinuetorentthehouseafterNovember,sorry,I’mwrong,afterDecemberofthisyear.Unfortunately,thatmeansthatBurnsideCafewillhavetomove.NowIknowthatwehavebeenatthisplaceforover20yearsandthemovewillcertainlyraiseanumberofchallenges.First,I’mgoingtohavetofindasuitablenewplace.OfcourseI’llbelookingtokeepusinthesamearea,hopefullysomewhererighthereinthisneighborhood.IhopeIcangetthatdonebySeptember.Afterfindingasuitableplace,themoveitselfwillalsobeaheadache.Therearesomanythingsthatcouldgowrong.Butallthosedifficultiescanbeovercome.Althoughwe’llfacesometoughtimesoverthenextfewmonths,IknowIcanlookforwardtoeveryone’scompletecooperation.Withyourhelp,BurnsideCafecanreopenbetterthanever.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A（原創(chuàng)試題）題源：TheTopEnvironmentalCharities:AComparisonoftheBestEnvironmentalcharitiesplayacrucialroleinpreservingourplanetforfuturegenerations.Here'salookathowafewoftheseorganizationsaremakingadifference.SierraClubFoundation(SCF)TheSCFhasbeenaleaderinenvironmentalconservationforoveracentury.Withafocusonwildlifeprotectionandhabitatrestoration,thefoundationhashelpedestablishnumerousnationalparksandwildlifereserves.Theyalsoruneducationalprogramstoraiseawarenessaboutenvironmentalissues.FriendsoftheEarth(FOE)FriendsoftheEarthisaninternationalnetworkofenvironmentalorganizationsthatadvocatefortheprotectionofthenaturalworld.Theyareknownfortheiractivism（激進(jìn)主義）andpersuadingefforts,pushingforstrongerenvironmentallawsandcorporateresponsibility.FOEalsoprovidesresourcestohelpindividualsmakesustainablechoices.EnvironmentalDefenseFund(EDF)TheEDFisaglobalorganizationdedicatedtoaddressingclimatechangeandpreservingbiodiversity.Theyusescience,economics,andlawtofindenvironmentalsolutionsthatworkwithindustryandgovernment.Theirinitiativeshaveledtosignificantpolicychangesandcorporateresponsibilityimprovements.EcologyandEnvironmentFoundation(EEF)TheEEFisacharitableorganizationthatfocusesoncommunity-basedconservationprojects.Theyworkcloselywithlocalcommunitiestodevelopsustainablepracticesthatprotecttheenvironmentandimprovelivelihoods.Byempoweringindividualsandcommunities,EEFaimstocreatelastingchange.WhatistheprimarymissionoftheSierraClubFoundation?A.RelyingonstrongerenvironmentallawsB.SettingupnationalparksandwildlifereservesC.ProvidingresourcesforsustainablelivingD.Appealingtocorporateresponsibility22.HowdoestheEnvironmentalDefenseFund(EDF)mainlyoperate?A.Throughcommunity-basedconservationprojectsB.Byusingscience,economics,andlawtofindsolutionsC.ByrunningeducationalprogramsforthepublicD.Bysellingmerchandiseandasking24.WhatisauniqueapproachoftheEcologyandEnvironmentFoundation(EEF)?A.WorkingwithindustryandgovernmenttocreatepolicychangesB.AdvocatingfortheprotectionofthenaturalworldthroughactivismC.UsingscienceandeconomicstoaddressclimatechangeD.Grantingrightsoflocalcommunitiestodevelopsustainablepractices【答案】21．B22．B23．D【詳解】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。本文介紹了幾個(gè)致力于環(huán)境保護(hù)和教育的慈善組織，它們?cè)诒Ｗo(hù)地球和促進(jìn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展方面做出了顯著貢獻(xiàn)。SierraClubFoundation(SCF)：這個(gè)基金會(huì)超過(guò)一個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)一直是環(huán)保領(lǐng)域的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，專注于野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)和棲息地恢復(fù)。它通過(guò)教育項(xiàng)目提高公眾對(duì)環(huán)境問(wèn)題的認(rèn)識(shí)，并幫助建立了眾多國(guó)家公園和野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)。FriendsoftheEarth(FOE)：FOE是一個(gè)國(guó)際性的環(huán)保組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)，以激進(jìn)主義和游說(shuō)活動(dòng)著稱。他們推動(dòng)環(huán)保法律的改革，反對(duì)可能破壞環(huán)境和美國(guó)價(jià)值觀的政策議程，并通過(guò)網(wǎng)站提供資源幫助個(gè)人做出可持續(xù)的選擇。EcologyandEnvironmentFoundation(EEF)：EEF專注于基于社區(qū)的保護(hù)項(xiàng)目，與當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)合作，發(fā)展既保護(hù)環(huán)境又改善生計(jì)的可持續(xù)做法。通過(guò)賦予個(gè)人和社區(qū)權(quán)力，EEF旨在創(chuàng)造持久的變革。EnvironmentalDefenseFund(EDF)：作為一個(gè)全球性的非黨派環(huán)保組織，EDF致力于應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化和保護(hù)生物多樣性。他們運(yùn)用科學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和法律知識(shí)來(lái)尋找與工業(yè)界和政府合作的環(huán)境解決方案，并推動(dòng)到2025年實(shí)現(xiàn)一系列環(huán)境保護(hù)目標(biāo)。文章強(qiáng)調(diào)了這些慈善組織在提升環(huán)境意識(shí)、推動(dòng)法律改革、保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物和棲息地以及促進(jìn)社區(qū)可持續(xù)發(fā)展方面的重要作用。通過(guò)這些組織的努力，公眾可以更好地了解如何參與環(huán)保活動(dòng)，以及他們的捐贈(zèng)如何被有效利用來(lái)保護(hù)我們的地球。21.B解析:細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文：“Withafocusonwildlifeprotectionandhabitatrestoration,thefoundationhashelpedestablishnumerousnationalparksandwildlifereserves.”文章中提到SierraClubFoundation重點(diǎn)是野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)和棲息地恢復(fù)，并幫助建立眾多的國(guó)家公園和野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)。因此，答案是B.settingupnationalparksandwildlifereserves（建立國(guó)家公園和野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)）。因此選項(xiàng)B是正確的。B解析:細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文：“Theyusescience,economics,andlawtofindenvironmentalsolutionsthatworkwithindustryandgovernment.”文章指出EDF使用科學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和法律來(lái)尋找環(huán)境解決方案，所以選項(xiàng)B“Byusingscience,economics,andlawtofindsolutions”（通過(guò)使用科學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和法律來(lái)找到解決方案）是正確答案。D解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文：“Theyworkcloselywithlocalcommunitiestodevelopsustainablepracticesthatprotecttheenvironmentandimprovelivelihoods.”EcologyandEnvironmentFoundation(EEF)與當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)緊密合作，發(fā)展可持續(xù)的做法，既保護(hù)環(huán)境又改善生計(jì)。這表明EEF的獨(dú)特之處在于其賦予當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)發(fā)展可持續(xù)做法的能力。因此，答案是D.Grantingrightsoflocalcommunitiestodevelopsustainablepractices（賦予當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)發(fā)展可持續(xù)做法的能力）是正確的。BEmestOwusuwas13in1980whenhewasgiventheopportunitytoappearintheaudienceofaBBCshow,andaskThatcherhowshefeltaboutbeingcalledtheIronLady.Thisencounterre-emergedinaBBC’sprogrammerecently.Atthetimeoftheirmeeting,Owusuwasonfreeschoolmeals,livingonapublicestateinBrixton,southLondon,whereheandhissisterwerebeingraisedbytheirmotherRose,astrugglinghairdresser.Now57,Owusulooksremarkablysimilarevenwithagreyingbeard.Buthislifehasbeentransformed.Thefatherofthreeisahumanresourcesdirector,andthefirstblackcaptainoftheAddingtongolfclubinits110-yearhistory.Asablackguy,itisaboutbreakingtheglassceiling.Speakinginitsclubhouse,Owusudescribeshisriseinsocialstatus(地位)asa“ThatcheriteJourney”.Andhesaysitbeganbyaskingthewomanherself.“Tothisdayitstillhasanimpact.Myconfidencechangedfromthatsliding-doormoment.Somethingaboutherconnectedwithme.”ThatchertoldOwususheenjoyedbeingcalledtheIronLady.“Ithinkit’sratherapraise,don’tyou?”shesaid,“Becausesooftenpeoplehavesaidtomeifyou’reinyourjobyou’vegottobesoftandwarmandhuman,butyou’vegottohaveatouchofsteel.”O(jiān)wusurecallsthemoment,“Ijustrememberhereyecontact.Shewasansweringme,notthecamera.Shewelcomedthequestionsayingyou’vegottobefirminthisworld.Andthatstuckwithme.”Aftertheshowwasbroadcast,Owususaidhebecame“alittleheroinBrixtonforagoodthreemonths”.Owusuadded,“Itallgavemeextraconfidence.Doorsmightnothaveopenedsoquickly.Itwasoneofthosekeymomentstomakeyoudothingsmaybeyouwouldn’totherwisehavedone.”24．WhatdoweknowaboutOwusuwhenhewas13?A．HemetwithThatchertwice.B．Hejoinedafamousgolfclub.C．HehostedaBBC’sprogramme.D．Helivedatthebottomofsociety.25．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“sliding-doormoment”inparagraph4probablymean?A．Turningpoint. B．Importantdecision.C．Socialstatus. D．Remarkableachievement.26．Basedonthetext,whatmadeabigdifferencetoOwusu?A．Others’treatinghimequallyatwork.B．Others’votinghimaheroinBrixton.C．Thatcher’seffortstopreservehisdignity.D．Thatcher’sfaithinthenecessityoftoughness.27．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheArtofDialogue B．ThePowerofConfidenceC．ALife-changingMeeting D．AStatus-improvingTale【答案】24．D25．A26．D27．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是EmestOwusu受到Thatcher夫人的影響，從而改變了自己的人生。24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Atthetimeoftheirmeeting,Owusuwasonfreeschoolmeals,livingonapublicestateinBrixton,southLondon,whereheandhissisterwerebeingraisedbytheirmotherRose,astrugglinghairdresser.(在他們相遇的時(shí)候，Owusu在學(xué)校吃免費(fèi)午餐，住在倫敦南部布里克斯頓的一處公共住宅里，他和妹妹由母親羅斯撫養(yǎng)，她是一名苦苦掙扎的美發(fā)師。)”可知，Owusu13歲時(shí)生活在社會(huì)的底層。故選D。25．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段“Tothisdayitstillhasanimpact.Myconfidencechanged(直到今天，它仍然有影響。我的信心改變了)”可知，從那一刻Owusu的信心改變了，說(shuō)明那是一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)，sliding-doormoment的意思是“轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)”，和Turningpoint意思相近，故選A。26．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Becausesooftenpeoplehavesaidtomeifyou’reinyourjobyou’vegottobesoftandwarmandhuman,butyou’vegottohaveatouchofsteel.(因?yàn)槿藗兘?jīng)常對(duì)我說(shuō)，如果你在工作中，你必須溫柔、溫暖、人性化，但你也必須有一點(diǎn)鋼鐵的感覺(jué)。)”和“Shewelcomedthequestionsayingyou’vegottobefirminthisworld.

Andthatstuckwithme.(她對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題表示歡迎，說(shuō)在這個(gè)世界上你必須要堅(jiān)定。這讓我印象深刻。)”可知，Thatcher堅(jiān)信強(qiáng)硬的必要性使Owusu發(fā)生了巨大的變化。故選D。27．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第三段“Speakinginitsclubhouse,Owusudescribeshisriseinsocialstatus(地位)asa“ThatcheriteJourney”.Andhesaysitbeganbyaskingthewomanherself.“Tothisdayitstillhasanimpact.Myconfidencechangedfromthatsliding-doormoment.Somethingaboutherconnectedwithme.”(在俱樂(lè)部里，Owusu將自己社會(huì)地位的提升描述為“撒切爾之旅”。他說(shuō)，首先要問(wèn)這位女士本人?！爸钡浇裉?，它仍然有影響，我的信心從那一刻起就改變了。她身上的某種東西與我聯(lián)系在一起。”)”可知，本文主要講的是EmestOwusu受到Thatcher夫人的影響，從而改變了自己的人生，因此最恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題是C選項(xiàng)“ALife-changingMeeting(改變?nèi)松臅?huì)面)”。故選C。C“Theoppositeofplayisn’twork;it’sdepression,”saysplayresearcherStuartBrown.“Theadult-playshortageisbecomingapublichealthcrisis.”Playmayappearinsignificant,butrecentstudiesindicateitmaybeasessentialastheneedforsleep.Playfulnesshelpssomeyounganimalslearntomastertheirbodiesandtheirenvironments—andoncetheydo,moststopplayingasadults.“Adultplaypromotesqualitiesthatwehumanscouldusemoreof,”saysJeffHarry,aplayconsultant.Unfortunately,socialstandardsrestrain(抑制)oururgetoletloose.“Beingaplayfuladultisreallydisapprovedinoursociety,”hesays.“Youdon’twantpeopletothinkthatyou’rechildish.”“Ithasn’talwaysbeenthisway,”saysPeterGray,aplayresearcheratBostonUniversity.WhenGrayrevieweddescriptionsofthelastremaininghunter-gatherertribes,henoticedthattheywereoftendescribedas“good-humored”and“joyful”.“Whatwewouldcallwork—huntingandgathering—wasfun,”hesays.“Generallyspeaking,weliketodothethingsthatarenecessaryforoursurvival.Humanstookonegiantstepawayfromfunwhenwestartedplantingcrops.Thenweinventedfactoriesandlostsightofplayentirely,”Grayadds.Wemaybeabletoreversethissituation,saysHarry.Aswefullymakethetransitiontoaknowledge-basedeconomy,workandplayarebeginningtomerge(合并)again.Someoftoday’smostsuccessfulcompanies,suchasGoogleandApple,werestartedbypeopletinkering(小修補(bǔ))intheirgarages.“Playisallaboutlookingatatoughworldwithcreativityandoptimism,”Brownsays.Hegoessofarastodeclarethat“adultplayisnecessaryforoursurvivalasaspecies”.ThenexttimeI’mcaughtplaying,IknowexactlywhatI’llsay,“Iamnotwastingtime,oractingimmature.I’mplayingforthebenefitofallhumanity.You’rewelcome.”28．WhydoesStuartBrownconsideradultplayessential?A．Itpromotescreativity. B．Itbattlesdepression.C．Itfacilitatescooperation. D．Itimprovesadaptivity.29．WhatsocietalfactorrestrainsadultplayaccordingtoJeffHarry?A．Fearofjudgmentfromothers. B．Lackofsufficienttimeforleisure.C．Culturalemphasisonpersonalvalues. D．Pressurefromwork-relatedresponsibilities30．WhichstatementwillPeterGrayagreewithaccordingtoParagraph3?A．Adultplaycontributespositivelytowork.B．Socialattitudestowardplayregularlyshift.C．Humansinitiallyfoundjoyinsurvivalactivities.D．Industrializationcloselyconnectedworkandplay.31．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Tostressthesignificanceofadultplay. B．Todiscusstheevolutionofworkandplay.C．Toadvocateplayfulnessinmodernbusinesses. D．Toexploretheimpactofadultplayondepression.【答案】28．B29．A30．C31．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了成人玩游戲?qū)€(gè)體和社會(huì)的重要性，呼吁社會(huì)重新認(rèn)識(shí)并重視成人玩游戲的作用。28．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中StuartBrown所說(shuō)的話“Theoppositeofplayisn’twork;it’sdepression(游戲的反義詞不是工作，而是抑郁)”和“Theadult-playshortageisbecomingapublichealthcrisis.(成人游戲的短缺正成為一場(chǎng)公共健康危機(jī))”可知，StuartBrown認(rèn)為成人玩游戲重要的原因在于它可以對(duì)抗抑郁。故選B項(xiàng)。29．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中JeffHarry所說(shuō)的話“Beingaplayfuladultisreallydisapprovedinoursociety(在我們的社會(huì)里，做一個(gè)愛(ài)玩的成年人是不被認(rèn)可的)”和“Youdon’twantpeopletothinkthatyou’rechildish.(你不想讓別人覺(jué)得你幼稚)”可知，JeffHarry認(rèn)為成人害怕被別人評(píng)判的心理導(dǎo)致他們限制自己進(jìn)行游戲。故選A項(xiàng)。30．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“WhenGrayrevieweddescriptionsofthelastremaininghunter-gatherertribes,henoticedthattheywereoftendescribedas“good-humored”and“joyful”.“Whatwewouldcallwork—huntingandgathering—wasfun,”hesays.(當(dāng)Gray回顧對(duì)最后幸存的狩獵采集部落的描述時(shí)，他注意到他們經(jīng)常被描述為“幽默”和“快樂(lè)”。“我們所謂的工作——狩獵和采集——很有趣，”他說(shuō))”和“Generallyspeaking,weliketodothethingsthatarenecessaryforoursurvival.(一般來(lái)說(shuō)，我們喜歡做生存所必需的事情)”可知，PeterGray發(fā)現(xiàn)這些部落在狩獵和采集這樣的生存活動(dòng)中得到了樂(lè)趣，變得幽默而快樂(lè)。由此推知，他會(huì)贊同“人類最初在生存活動(dòng)中找到快樂(lè)”的觀點(diǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)。31．推理判斷題。通讀全文，并結(jié)合第一段中“Playmayappearinsignificant,butrecentstudiesindicateitmaybeasessentialastheneedforsleep.(玩耍可能看起來(lái)微不足道，但最近的研究表明，它可能和睡眠一樣重要)”可知，文章主要討論了成人玩游戲?qū)€(gè)體和社會(huì)的重要性。研究表明，游戲不僅可以幫助小動(dòng)物學(xué)會(huì)控制自己和環(huán)境，還可以幫助成人對(duì)抗抑郁。然而，社會(huì)往往并不認(rèn)可成人玩游戲的行為。但實(shí)際上，狩獵采集部落中的工作實(shí)際上是有趣而快樂(lè)的。由此可知，文章的寫作目的在于強(qiáng)調(diào)成人玩游戲的重要性。故選A項(xiàng)。DInitialconversationscanhaveahugeimpactonhowrelationshipsdevelopovertime.Peopleareoftenstuckintheimpressionstheythinktheymighthavemadetheminutetheyfinishspeakingwithsomeoneforthefirsttime:“Didtheylikemeorweretheyjustbeingpolite?”“Weretheydeepinthoughtordeeplybored?”Tofindoutwhethertheseworriesarenecessary,wehaveconductednearly10yearsofresearch.Inourstudies,participantsintheUKtalkedwithsomeonetheyhadnevermetbefore.Afterward,theywereaskedhowmuchtheylikedtheirconversationpartnerandhowmuchtheybelievedthattheirconversationpartnerlikedthem.Thisallowedustocomparehowmuchpeoplebelievedtheywerelikedtohowmuchtheywereactuallyliked.Timeandtimeagain,wefoundthatpeoplelefttheirconversationswithnegativefeelingsabouttheimpressiontheymade.Thatis,peoplesystematicallyunderestimatehowmuchtheirconversationpartnerslikethemandenjoytheircompany—afalsebeliefwecallthe“l(fā)ikinggap”.Thisbias(偏見(jiàn))mayseemlikesomethingthatwouldoccuronlyininitialinteractions,butitseffectsextendfarbeyondafirstimpression.Surprisingly,thelikinggapcanconstantlyaffectavarietyofrelationships,includinginteractionswithcoworkers,longaftertheinitialconversationshavetakenplace.Havingalargerlikinggapisassociatedwithbeinglesswillingtoaskworkmatesforhelp,lesswillingtoprovideworkmateswithopenandhonestfeedback,andlesswillingtoworkonanotherprojecttogether.Therearenumerousstrategiestominimizeyourbiasedfeelings.Oneplacetostartisshiftingyourfocusofattention.Trytodirectyourattentiontoyourconversationpartner,begenuinelycuriousaboutthem,askthemmorequestions,andreallylistentotheiranswers.Themoreyou’rezeroedinontheotherperson,andthelessyou’refocusedonyourself,thebetteryourconversationwillbeandthelessyourmindwillturntoallthethingsyouthinkyoudidn’tdowell.32．Whydidtheauthorcarryout10yearsofresearch?A．Todismissnationalconcerns. B．Tocheckoutapotentialbias.C．Toenhancehumancommunication. D．Todevelopharmoniousrelationships.33．Whatisoneeffectofpeople’slikinggap?A．Fewerchancesofnewprojects. B．Underestimationoftheirability.C．Badrelationshipswithpeoplearound. D．Lowwillingnesstointeractwithothers.34．Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?A．Restateopinions. B．Deliverwarnings. C．Givesuggestions. D．Makeasummary.35．Whichmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A．LikingGapMayInfluenceWorkPerformancesB．FirstImpressionsRelyOnInitialConversationsC．PeopleProbablyLikeYouMoreThanYouThinkD．HowPeopleLikeYouMattersLessThanYouAssume【答案】32．B33．D34．C35．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了什么是“好感認(rèn)知差距”以及這種心態(tài)對(duì)人們社交關(guān)系的影響。32．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Initialconversationscanhaveahugeimpactonhowrelationshipsdevelopovertime.Peopleareoftenstuckintheimpressionstheythinktheymighthavemadetheminutetheyfinishspeakingwithsomeoneforthefirsttime:“Didtheylikemeorweretheyjustbeingpolite?”“Weretheydeepinthoughtordeeplybored?”(最初的對(duì)話會(huì)對(duì)關(guān)系的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。人們常常會(huì)陷入自己第一次和別人說(shuō)話時(shí)留下的印象中：“他們是喜歡我還是只是出于禮貌？”“他們是在沉思還是很無(wú)聊？”)”以及第二段“Tofindoutwhethertheseworriesarenecessary,wehaveconductednearly10yearsofresearch.(為了弄清楚這些擔(dān)憂是否有必要，我們進(jìn)行了近10年的研究)”可知，作者進(jìn)行10年的研究是為了找出潛在的偏見(jiàn)。故選B。33．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Havingalargerlikinggapisassociatedwithbeinglesswillingtoaskworkmatesforhelp,lesswillingtoprovideworkmateswithopenandhonestfeedback,andlesswillingtoworkonanotherprojecttogether.(好感認(rèn)知差距越大，就越不愿意向同事尋求幫助，越不愿意向同事提供公開(kāi)和誠(chéng)實(shí)的反饋，越不愿意一起完成另一個(gè)項(xiàng)目)”可知，好感認(rèn)知差距的一個(gè)影響是與他人互動(dòng)的意愿低。故選D。34．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Therearenumerousstrategiestominimizeyourbiasedfeelings.Oneplacetostartisshiftingyourfocusofattention.Trytodirectyourattentiontoyourconversationpartner,begenuinelycuriousaboutthem,askthemmorequestions,andreallylistentotheiranswers.Themoreyou’rezeroedinontheotherperson,andthelessyou’refocusedonyourself,thebetteryourconversationwillbeandthelessyourmindwillturntoallthethingsyouthinkyoudidn’tdowell.(有很多策略可以減少你的偏見(jiàn)?？梢詮霓D(zhuǎn)移你的注意力開(kāi)始。試著把你的注意力轉(zhuǎn)移到你的談話對(duì)象身上，真誠(chéng)地對(duì)他們感到好奇，問(wèn)他們更多的問(wèn)題，并認(rèn)真傾聽(tīng)他們的回答。你越關(guān)注對(duì)方，越少關(guān)注自己，你們的對(duì)話就會(huì)越好，你也就越不會(huì)去想那些你認(rèn)為自己做得不好的事情)”可知，作者在最后一段想給出建議。故選C。35．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Timeandtimeagain,wefoundthatpeoplelefttheirconversationswithnegativefeelingsabouttheimpressiontheymade.Thatis,peoplesystematicallyunderestimatehowmuchtheirconversationpartnerslikethemandenjoytheircompany—afalsebeliefwecallthe“l(fā)ikinggap”.(我們一次又一次地發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們?cè)诮Y(jié)束談話時(shí)對(duì)自己留下的印象感到消極。也就是說(shuō)，人們系統(tǒng)性地低估了交談對(duì)象對(duì)自己的喜愛(ài)程度和對(duì)陪伴的享受程度——這種錯(cuò)誤的信念我們稱之為“好感認(rèn)知差距”)”結(jié)合文章主要說(shuō)明了什么是“好感認(rèn)知差距”以及這種心態(tài)對(duì)人們社交關(guān)系的影響?？芍珻選項(xiàng)“人們可能比你想象的更喜歡你”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Supercommunicatorsarepeoplewhoareconsistentlyabletocreaterealconnectionswithothersjustbylisteningandtalking.Thefollowingarefourhabitsofsupercommunicators.Theyknowwhatkindofconversationthey’rehaving.Supercommunicatorsareusuallyabletorespondaccordingly.Ifyou’rehavingapracticalconversation,yourfriendmightaskyoutohelpmakeharddecisions.36Ifyourfriendisjustexpressinghisfeelings,youjustneedtobeagoodlistener.Theyprovethey’relistening.Thereareplentyofwaystoappearlikeyou’relistening,likemakingeyecontactornodding.Todothat,expertssuggestatechniquecalled“cycleforunderstanding”.Askaquestionandlistentotheresponse.Repeatwhattheyjusttoldyou.Askyourconversationpartnerifyougotwhattheysaidcorrect.37Theyaskalotoftherightquestions.Researchshowsthathighlyeffectivecommunicatorstendtoask10to20timesasmanyquestionsaseveryoneelse.Theymaysimplybefollow-upquestionslike“Whathappenednext?”.Supercommunicatorsalsoaskquestionsthatgetpeopletoopenup.38Theyaskaboutpeople’svaluesorexperiencesandcreateanopportunityforemotionalconnection.39Thegoalofadiscussionisn’ttoimpresssomeone,convincesomeoneorwaitfortheirturntospeak.It’stogenuinelycomprehendsomeoneelse’spointofviewandsharetheirownviewsaccordingly.Therightresponsecreatesanatmosphereoftrustandopennessthatbothpartiescanbenefitfrom.40A．Theyaimtounderstand.B．Expertscallthem“deepquestions”.C．Theyarepersuasivecommunicators.D．Thedecisionsshouldbeeasytocarryout.E．Thispracticesoundssimplebutispowerful.F．Thenyoushouldbereadytogivegoodadvice.G．Andthatisactuallythemostmagicalthingthatcanhappen.【答案】36．F37．E38．B39．A40．G【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一些超級(jí)溝通者常用的溝通技巧。36．根據(jù)下文“Ifyourfriendisjustexpressinghisfeelings,youjustneedtobeagoodlistener.(如果你的朋友只是在表達(dá)他的感受，你只需要做一個(gè)好的傾聽(tīng)者)”可知，當(dāng)朋友只是表達(dá)感受時(shí)，我們只需要傾聽(tīng)。結(jié)合空處上文“Ifyou’rehavingapracticalconversation,yourfriendmightaskyoutohelpmakeharddecisions.(如果你正在進(jìn)行一場(chǎng)實(shí)際的對(duì)話，你的朋友可能會(huì)讓你幫忙做一些艱難的決定)”可知，如果朋友拿不定主意時(shí)，超級(jí)溝通者會(huì)給出建議。F項(xiàng)“Thenyoushouldbereadytogivegoodadvice.(那么你應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備好給出好的建議)”符合語(yǔ)境，advice呼應(yīng)上文harddecision。故選F。