定語從句最終版

定語從句專題講練Stepone自主探究=1\*ROMANI.基本定義回顧定語從句：用來修飾名詞或代詞的句子。分為限制性與非限制性定語從句。注意：定語從句必須有主語和謂語動詞。限制性定語從句常翻譯為“……的”。

被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫_________,引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫做________，包括__________和__________。Forexample:Thisisourschool,whereweliveandstudyeveryday.(非限制性定語從句)Thisisourschool(that/which)weareproudof.(限制性定語從句)=2\*ROMANII.關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞指代充當(dāng)成分關(guān)系代詞that人或物主（賓）which物主（賓）who人主（賓）whom人賓語whose+n人或物定語關(guān)系副詞where地點狀語（不可省略）when時間why原因注意：關(guān)系詞的3大作用：1.連接（連接主句與定語從句）2.替代（替代前面的先行詞）3.成分（在定語從句中要充當(dāng)一定的句子成分）Eg.Iknowthemanwho/thatwearahat.(連接主從句，替代先行詞theman,在定從中做主語)=3\*ROMANIII.定語從句解題三步驟：1.找出先行詞2.判斷成分：確定先行詞在從句中的成分（主語，賓語，狀語）3.選擇正確的關(guān)系詞注意：準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分Let’shaveatry.=1\*GB3①.請找出下面句子中的定語從句,并判斷其成分：ImetMarywholookedverysad.Theoldmanwhomyoutalkedtoyesterdayismyuncle.Thisisthepenwhichhegaveme.TheroomwhereIstudyisverycoolinsummer.=2\*GB3②.關(guān)系詞：1.who,whom先行詞為人，定語從句缺主語用who/that;缺賓語，用who/whom/that(介詞后指人用whom)，可省略。Eg.Heistheboy___________survivedintheearthquake.Hereistheman________________youarelookingfor.2.whose先行詞指人/物；在定語從句中做定語，表所屬關(guān)系，后面常跟名詞，翻譯為“……的”Eg：Helivesinahouse,_________________windowfacesthesea.HisnameisTom,____________________motherisadoctor.歸納：whose+n=the+n+ofwhich/whom=ofwhich/whom+the=n3.when,where,why在定語從句中做狀語；通常不可省略，常可換成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”Eg:Thisisthehouse_____________Ilive.Hedidn’tknowthereason_____________hewasdismissed.=4\*ROMANIV.考點與難點歸納：1.that與whichthat指人/物；which指物；均可充當(dāng)定語從句中的主語跟賓語，做賓語時可省略(which前有介詞不能省略)；Aplaneisamachinethat/whichcanfly.Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.=1\*GB2⑴只用that不用which=1\*GB3①.先行詞是all,everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等不定代詞或由不定代詞any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all等修飾時；=2\*GB3②.先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時；=3\*GB3③.先行詞被thevery,theonly等修飾且指物時,引導(dǎo)定語從句用that;=4\*GB3④.先行詞中既有人又有事物時，引導(dǎo)定語從句用that;=5\*GB3⑤.當(dāng)先行詞前面有who/which等疑問代詞時，只用that。Eg:Whichisthebookthatyoulikebest?(2)只用which不用that=1\*GB3①.放在介詞后，指物=2\*GB3②.用于非限制定語從句中Errorcorrection.Let’shaveatry!=1\*GB3①ThisisthebestbookwhichIwanttoread.=2\*GB3②That’sallwhichIwanttosay.=3\*GB3③Isthereanythingwhichyouwantinthisshop?=4\*GB3④Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbookswhich/whowereknowntousall.=5\*GB3⑤Theroominthatshelivesisalargeone.2．介詞+關(guān)系代詞怎樣來確定介詞？一先二動三意義根據(jù)先行詞確定介詞。Eg.Thebookwhere/inwhichIfoundmanyinterestingstoriesisnice.Thepenwithwhichhewritesislost.Thepaper__________heiswritingismadefrombamboo.A.inwhichB.atwhichC.withwhichD.onwhich二動：根據(jù)定從中的謂語動詞確定介詞。1.Inthedarkstreettherewasn’tasingleperson________shecouldturnforhelp.

A.towhomB.whomC.fromwhomD.that2.It’saprison____noonecanescape.

A.towhichB.towhomC.fromwhichD.fromwhom(3)三意義：根據(jù)定從的意思來確定介詞。Theglasses_____Ican’tseeanythingarelost.

A.withwhichB.withwhomC.withoutwhichD.withoutwhom注意：

a.某些含有介詞的動詞短語不拆開使用，如：lookfor,lookafter;takecareof,consistof,listento等。b.介詞+關(guān)系代詞：

指人時用whom，不可用who或that;

指物時用which，不能用that；Eg.Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.

TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.c.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前可有some,any,both,neither,all,none,most,each,few等代詞或數(shù)詞，表部分關(guān)系。結(jié)構(gòu)是：some/any/both/neither/all/none/most/60%/9…+of+whom(人)/which（物）

eg:(1)Thereare72studentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefromcountryside.

(2)Tomhas5referencebooks,noneofwhomisuseful.3.theway/reason做先行詞Way做先行詞：定語從句缺主語：which/that定語從句缺賓語：which/that/省略定語從句缺狀語：inwhich/that/省略

(1).Theway（_________________heexplainedthesentencetous）wasnotdifficulttounderstand.（缺？）(2).Theway（_________________heexplainedtous）wasquitesimple.(缺？)Reason做先行詞：定語從句缺主語：which/that定語從句缺賓語：which/that/省略定語從句缺狀語：why/forwhich/省略Thereason_______________hegaveyouwasreasonable.Thereason_______________hewaslatewasthathedidn’tcatchthebus4.as/that/whichEg.(1)Itissuchabigstone_________nobodycanlift.(2)Itissuchabigstone__________nobodycanliftit.(3)___________isknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.(4)Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_________surprisedeverybodyinthaoffice.as前通常與so,such,thesame搭配，即構(gòu)成so…as,such…as,thesame…as結(jié)構(gòu)。as在定語從句中應(yīng)充當(dāng)成分如：主語、賓語或表語。thesame….as(不同物)，thesame….that(同一物)as與which引導(dǎo)定語從句都能指代整句內(nèi)容，但定語從句位于句首時，只能用as,意為“正如、恰如”。5.先行詞是timeTime表次數(shù)，用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，可省略作一段時間，時代；作狀語，用關(guān)系副詞when或at/during+which引導(dǎo)定從Eg.Thisisthesecondtime(that)thePresidenthasvisitedthecountry.這是總統(tǒng)第二次訪問這個國家了。Thiswasatatimeswhen/duringwhichtherewerenoradios,notelephonesorTVsets.這是在一個沒有收音機、沒有電話，也沒有電視的時期。Let’shaveatry.Thisisthesecondtime_________________Ihavebeenhere.Canyoustillrememberthetime__________________wespenttogetherinourchildhood?Thefirsttime_______________hesawher,hefellinlovewithher.6.特殊句型（1）.Isthismuseum_____wevisitedlastweek?

Isthisthemuseum_____wevisitedlastweek?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.theone解析：變?yōu)殛愂鼍洌篢hismuseumisDwevisitedlastweek.

ThisisthemuseumA/B/不填wevisitedlastweek.（2）.Heisoneoftheboysinourclasswho________goodatsinging.

Heistheonlyoneoftheboysinourclasswho________goodatsinging.A.isB.areC.wasD.were注意：Oneof+名詞復(fù)數(shù),后面的定語從句謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；但當(dāng)oneof前有修飾詞如theonly,thevery等修飾時后面定語從句謂語動詞用單數(shù)。6.對where的考察Where：如果定語從句分別修飾point,case,situation,condition,position和part等表虛擬地點的詞，常用where引導(dǎo)，意思是“到了某種地步，在某種境況中”1.I’vecometothepoint_________Ican’tstandhim.2.Thecountryisinthesituation_____________awarwillbreakoutatanytime.7.綜合句型綜合考查一：定語從句與強調(diào)句的區(qū)分Where/that（1）Thisisthelibrary____________Iborrowedthebook.（2）Itisfromthislibrary____________Iborrowedthebook.綜合考查二：定語從句與同位語從句that/which(1).Weallhaveheardthenews________ourteamwonthematch.(2).Wedon’tbelievethenews_________hetoldusyesterday.綜合考查三：定語從句與表語從句Theplace____thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe_____thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.（05江蘇）A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich先行詞表地點，關(guān)系詞有時用where,有時用that/which;

先行詞表時間，關(guān)系詞有時用when，有時用that/which;主要看：從句成分是否完整；

完整的話用where/when;不完整(缺主語,

賓語)的話用that/which。Eg:Thisistheparkthat/which/不填wevisitedlastweek.

Thisistheparkwhere/inwhichweholdapartylastweek.Steptwo合作探究注意一個難點：先行詞為時間、地點時引導(dǎo)詞的使用：用關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。(1)—Doyourememberthedays___weworkedonthefarm?—Certainly,especiallythehardtimes___wespenttogether?A.which;whenB.when;whichC.when;whenD.which;which(2)Alltheneighborsadmirethisfamily,_______theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.whyB.whereC.whichD.that解析：把從句補充完整inthefamilytheparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.顯然，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作地點狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞。解題口訣：遇到時間和地點，判斷成分是關(guān)鍵，主語、賓語用關(guān)代，狀語才能用關(guān)副。注意標(biāo)點.Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,_____arebeyondourcontrol.mostofthemB.mostofwhichC.mostofwhatD.mostofthat.Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors;_____arebeyondourcontrol.A.mostofthemB.mostofwhichC.mostofwhatD.mostofthat.3.注意看準(zhǔn)誰是先行詞Theriverinthepicturebroughtthedaysbacktotheold_____theyswaminit.A.whenB.thatC.whoD.there句意：溫馨提示：一般情況下，定語從句緊跟著先行詞，可有時，定從用與先行詞之間插入了另外的內(nèi)容，不要誤把插入內(nèi)容當(dāng)成先行詞。注意原因Hecouldn’tgiveusagoodreason_____hewasabsent.將從句補充完整：Thereason_____hegivesusforhisabsenceseemedunreasonable.將從句補充完整：溫馨提示：先行詞是reason時，若引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語，用_________________;若作主語或賓語，用_________________.注意區(qū)分定語從句和狀語從句。---Mom,whatdidthedoctorsay?---Headvisedmetolive______theairisfresher.inwhereB.inwhichC.theplacewhereD.where試題特征：解題訣竅：重要提示：解決定語從句的三種方法方法1：先行詞還原法1.I’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool______ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.A.whoB.whereC.whenD.which解析：把先行詞thestudents代入定語從句后為_____________________________________________________________________方法2.：三步分析法Asachild,Jackstudiedinavillageschool,_______isnamedafterhisgrandfather.whichB.whereC.whatD.That三步分析法：方法3：固定搭配法Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy_____wemayreturninthenearfuture.A.onwhichB.bywhichC.towhichD.fromwhichStepthree高考鏈接1.（2014四川卷）Untilnow,wehaveraised50,000poundsforthepoorchildren,_________isquiteunexpected.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.it2.(2013四川卷)Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironment_________theylive.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.where3.(2012四川卷)Inourclassthereare46students,____________halfwearglasses.A.inwhomB.inthemC.ofwhomD.ofthem4.(2011四川卷)Theschoolshop,____________customersaremainlystudents,isclosedforholidays.A.whichB.whoseC.whenD.where5.(2010四川卷)Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Itooksometimeofftogotravelling,_________turnedouttobeawisedecision.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where6.(2014江西卷,28)Amongthemanydangers_________sailorshavetoface,probablythegreatestofallisfog.A.whichB.whatC.whereD.when7.(2014陜西卷,13)Pleasesendusalltheinformation__________youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.A.thatB.whichC.asD.what8.(2014北京卷,26)IborrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,___________myclassmatesrecommendedtome.A.whoB.whichC.whenD.where9.(2014安徽,22)Theexactyear___________AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.A.whenB.whereC.whyD.which10.(2014湖南,31)Iamlookingforwardtotheday_________mydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.A.asB.whyC.whenD.where11.(2014.江蘇，22)Thebookhashelpedmegreatlyinmydailycommunication,especiallyatwork__________agoodimpressionisamust.A.whichB.whenC.asD.where12.(2014浙江，5)Ididn'tbecomeaseriousclimberuntilthefifthgrade,___________Iwentuptorescueakitethatwasstuckinthebranchesofatree.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.why13.(2014福建卷31)Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivities____________theycangainexperienceforgrowth.A.whoB.whenC.whichD.where14.(2013天津6)Wehavelaunchedanotherman-madesatellite,___________isannouncedintoday'snewspaper.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what15.(2013重慶24)Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding,mostof_________arefamilymembers.A.themB.thatC.whichD.who