北京市2021-2022學(xué)年各區(qū)高三英語一模試題閱讀表達(dá)專項匯編解析版

北京市2021-2022學(xué)年各區(qū)高三英語一模試題閱讀表達(dá)專項匯編解析版專題05閱讀表達(dá)北京市東城區(qū)2021-2022學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期高三綜合練習(xí)（一）It'saftermidnightandyou'vebeenstudyingallday.Emptyenergydrinkslinethetableandyousigh,“Tomorrow,I'mgettingicecream.Ideservetotreatmyself.”Thisyear,theso-called“treatyourselfculture”hasexpandedfarbeyondwhatwasonceareward-basedmindset.Now,“treatingyourself"hasbecomemoreaboutstress-causedindulgence（放縱）.Itrepresentsthemoredeep-seatedissueswiththestressweregularlyputourselvesunder.Therootoftheproblemliesinourbeliefthatweshouldbedoingmoreworkifitisn'thardenough.Especiallyatatopuniversity,Iconstantlyfindmyselfwantingtodomore.Iwantmorecredits,ahigher-gradepointaverage,andmoreresponsibilitiesI'lllateruseasconversationtopicsininterviews.Thisdriveisbynomeansabadthing.Weallaretryingtoeventuallylandinaplacewherewecanrelaxandliveamoreenjoyablelife.However,therearealotofproblemswiththislogic.Withoutsoundingcompletelyhopelessandpessimistic,itispossiblethatthefutureweimagineinourtwentieswillnotbecomereality.Therefore,itisimportanttointegratethingsthatmakeushappywithwork,schoolorlife-inducedstress.Psychologycertainlysupportsthisbelief.Whilehavinggoodself-controlwaspositivelyassociatedwithhappiness,beingabletoenjoylife'slittlepleasureswithoutfeelingashamedofdoingsoisjustasimportant.Forexample,evenifyouhaveabusyscheduleofwork,maketimetostopbyyourfavoritecoffeeshoporspendtenminutestogoonawalkoutdoors.Icannoturgeyoutogiveupyourlatenightsofstudying,energydrinksandall.Icannottellyoutoalwayschoosetodosomethingthatmakesyouhappyoversomethingyouhaveorshoulddo.Frankly,thisisjustnotthewaylifeworks.Wehavetoputupwiththehardworkandputinthetime.Withoutpain,we'dalsolosehappinessandjoy.It'sallaboutbalance.So,insteadoflookingateverythingasawaytohandlethestressandsomethingto“treatmyself”,let'strytomaketreatingourselvesafarmorecommonpracticeinthebusyliveswelead.40.Whatcausestheso-called“treatyourselfculture”?41.Whatdoes“thislogic”inParagraph3referto?42.Decidewhichpartofthefollowingstatementiswrong.Underlineitandexplainwhyworkinghardplaysamoreimportantroleinahappylifethanenjoyinglife'slittlepleasures.43.Areyouafollowerof“treatyourselfculture”?Whyorwhynot?(Inabout40words)【答案】40.Stress.41.Itreferstotheideathatifweworkhardwewilleventuallylandinaplacewherewecanrelaxandliveamoreenjoyablelife.42.Workinghardplaysamoreimportantroleinahappylifethanenjoyinglife'slittlepleasures.Accordingtothepassage,workinghardisasimportantaseniovinglife'slittlepleasurestoahappylife.They'reequallyimportant.43.略北京市西城區(qū)2021-2022學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期高三綜合練習(xí)（一）Whatmakessomepeopleincapableofapologizingevenwhenthey'reclearlyinthewrong?Peoplewhocannotapologizeoftenhavedeepfeelingsoflowself-worth.Whentheirdelicateego（白我）cannotabsorbtheblowofadmittingtheywerewrong，theirdefensemechanismskickin--theymayplaceblameandevenargueaboutbasicfactstopreventthethreatofhavingtolowerthemselvesbyofferinganapology.Unfortunately,manyofusmistakenlyinterpretthesepeople'sdefensivenessasasignofpsychologicalstrength.That'sbecauseoutwardlytheyappeartobetoughindividualswhorefusetobackdown.Butthisdoesn'tshowthatthey'restrong-itshowsthatthey'reweak.Admittingthatwe'rewrongisemotionallyuncomfortableandpainfultooursenseofself.Inordertotakeresponsibilityandapologize,ourself-worthneedstobestrongenoughtoabsorbthatdiscomfort.Indeed,ifourself-worthishigherandmorestable,wecantoleratethetemporarydiscomfortthatsuchanadmissioninvolves-withoutthewallsaroundouregofallingdown.Butifourself-worthisseeminglyhighbutactuallybreakable,thatdiscomfortcangothroughourdefensivewallsandscoreadirecthittoourego.Indeed,themorefixedone'sdefensemechanismsare,themoredelicatetheegothey'reprotecting.Themistakeweoftenmakewhenfacedwithsomeonewho'shabituallyincapableofapologizingistobecomeangryandtrytowinourargumentwiththem.Butthesadrealityisthatwecanneverwin.Inthesesituations,thebestwecandoismakeourpointsascalmlyandasconvincinglyaswecanandthendisengagefromtheargumentwhenitbecomesunproductive-likewhentheydisagreewiththefacts,comeupwithsillyexcusesorturntomeanremarks:40.Whycan'tsomepeopleapologize?41.Whatdomanypeoplemistakenlythinkofanon-apologizer'sdefensiveness?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.◆Whenyouaretryingtowinanargumentwithanon-apologizer,thebestwayistoexpressyourangerandmakeyourpointascalmlyandconvincinglyaspossible.43.Inadditiontowhatismentionedinthepassage,whatelsecanyoudoifyourfriendrefusestoapologizetoyou?(Inabout40words)【答案】40.Becausetheyoftenhavedeepfeelingsoflowself-worth.41.Theythinkofitasasignofpsychologicalstrength.42.Whenyouaretryingtowinanargumentwithanon-apologizer,thebestwayistoexpressyourangerandmakeyourpointascalmlyandconvincinglyaspossible.Whenyouaretryingtowinanargumentwithanon-apologizer,thebestwayistomakeyourpointascalmlyandconvincinglyaspossibleandthendisengagefromtheargumentwhenitbecomesunproductive.43．略。北京市海淀區(qū)2021-2022學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期高三綜合練習(xí)（一） Youmightnothaveheardofthe"freshstarteffect",butifyou'veevermadeaNewYear'sresolution,you'refamiliarwithit.ltreferstothehumantendencytotakeactiontowardsachievingagoalafteraspecialoccasionorkeydatehaspassed.Thefreshstarteffectissimple.Mostpeoplewanttoimprovethemselvesinsomeway.Whenwehitimportantmilestones,we’reoftenlikelytoreflect:arewewherewethoughtwe'dbebyacertainage?Wasthisyearasuccessfulyear,ordidwewasteit?Annuallandmarkslikebirthdays,orthestartofanewyear,signifyanewtimeperiodandanopportunitytoleaveslip-upsbehindandtosetnewgoalsforbetterbehavior.Researchshowsthatanticipationofanewbeginningisakeymotivatorforthefreshstarteffect.Forexample,peopleaged29,39,49etc.were48%morelikelytorunamarathonforthefirsttime.Whentheywereapproachinganewdecade,theyweremorelikelytosearchformeaningintheirlivesandtrytoimprovethemselves.Thereasonissimple.Whenweseeourpastselfasseparatefromourcurrentself,wefeeliteasiertointroducenewgoalsandtakeaction.What'sinterestingaboutthefreshstarteffectisthatwedon'tneedtowaitforbigmilestonestotakeadvantageofthissuddendoseofmotivation.Studiesshowthatthefirstdayofeachmonthandeveneachweekcanalsoinspireus.Thesedays,knownas“temporallandmarks",encourageustostepbackandevaluateourcurrentsituation.Andwhenwedothis,wegainthemotivationtobebetter:webecomemoredrivenandmoreproductive.ThatiswhypeoplearemorelikelytostartdietsorexerciseplansonMonday,ratherthanthenextday.Freshstartsareexcitingopportunitiestolearnfromyourmistakesandmoveforward.Soifyou'recurrentlyexperiencinglossofmotivation,questioningthemeaningofyourwork,orjustfeellikeyou'restuckinarut,whydon'tyouusethefreshstarteffectinyourownlife?40.Accordingtothepassage,whatis"freshstarteffect"?41.Whyisitthat“anticipationofanewbeginningisakeymotivatorforthefreshstarteffect"?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Afreshstartlikethefirstdayofeachweekisatimewhenweforgetaboutourmistakesandmoveforward.43.Besidesthefreshstarteffect,inwhatotherwaysdoyoumotivateyourselfinyourlife?(Inabout40words)【答案】40.Itreferstothehumantendencytotakeactiontowardsachievingagoalafteraspecialoccasionorkeydatehaspassed.41.Becausewhenweseeourpastselfasseparatefromourcurrentself,wefeeliteasiertointroducenewgoalsandtakeaction.42.Afreshstartlikethefirstdayofeachweekisatimewhenweforgetaboutourmistakesandmoveforward.Accordingtothepassage,freshstartsareexcitingopportunitiestolearnfromourmistakesandmoveforward.43.Iconstantlyremindmyselfofmyultimategoaltomotivatemyself,inwhichwayIcanvisualizemysuccess.Besides,Iwouldcelebrateeverymilestonealongtheway.Thesenseofachievementwillgivememorepowertomoveforward.Ioftenusepositiveself-talktoencouragemyself,especiallywhenIsufferfrompeerpressureorloseconfidence.Also,Ihavedesignedarewardsystemtogivemyselfareasontomoveforward.EverytimeIthinkaboutthereward,Ifeelenergizedandmotivated.北京市朝陽區(qū)2021-2022學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期高三綜合練習(xí)（一） Manyparentsarewatchfulabouttheirkids’useofelectronicdevicesandsetstrictlimitsforthemtoprotecttheirchildrenfromthepotentiallyharmfuleffectsoftoomuchscreentime.Butparentsmaybeoverlookinganotherdevice-relateddanger—secondhandscreentime.It’smeanttomirrorthedangerinregardtosecondhandsmoking.Whenparentsaredistractedbyanelectronicdeviceandonlygivepartialattentiontotheirchildren,thekidsareactuallysufferingfromitsinfluence. Secondhandscreentimecanbringnegativeconsequences.Kids,whoseparentsspendtoomuchtimewiththeirdevices,aremorelikelytodevelopaddictivebehaviourswithdevicesastheygrow.Excessive(過度的)deviceusealsosendsthemessagethatthedeviceandactivitiesonitaremoreimportantthanthechildren.Thiscanleadtoabreakdownintheparent-childrelationship.Whenparentsareabsorbedintheirdevices,theymaynotrealizetheirchildrenareexposedtoviolentormaturecontentorfast-movingimagesthatareoverlystimulatingforyoungbrains. Secondhandscreentimeisanissueparentsneedtobeawareofregardlessoftheirchildren’sage.Parentscantakethefollowingtipstoreduceitsimpact.Focusonqualitytime Achild’scognitive,communication,socialandemotionaldevelopmenthappensviatheirrelationshipswiththeircareproviders.Themoretimeparentsspendlookingatelectronics,thelesstimetheycandevotetogivingthekidstheirfullattention.Thisdoesn’tmeanparentsshouldneverusedeviceswhentheyaretogetherwiththeirchildren.Parentsneedtobeawareofhowoftentheyarefullyengagedwiththeirchildrenwithoutdevicesandmakesuretheyofferqualityinteractionandattention.Setanexample Parentsoftentellkidsit’simportanttocontroldeviceuse,butiftheirexperiencewithparentsfromearlyageiswatchingparentsusedevicesfrequently,childrenaremuchmorelikelytofollowthatmodel.Bysettingagoodexample,parentsaresendingtotheirkidsthemessage“doasIdo”,whichismoreeffectivethan“doasIsay”.Whatissecondhandscreentimeaccordingtothepassage?Whatproblemsdoessecondhandscreentimebringtochildren?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Excessivedeviceusegetsinthewayofmaintainingagoodparent-childrelationship,soparentsshouldneverusedevicesinthepresenceoftheirchildren.43. Apartfromthetipsmentionedinthepassage,whatotherwayscanyouthinkoftoreducesecondhandscreentime?(Inabout40words)【答案】40. Itisadevice-relateddangerthatchildrenexperiencewhenparentsaredistractedbyanelectronicdeviceandonlygivepartialattentiontotheirchildren.41. Secondhandscreentimecancauseaddictivebehaviours,abreakdownintheparent-childrelationshipandexposuretooverlystimulatingcontent.42.Excessivedeviceusegetsinthewayofmaintainingagoodparent-childrelationship,soparentsshouldneverusedevicesinthepresenceoftheirchildren.Accordingtothepassage,it’snotthatparentsshouldneverusedeviceswhenachildispresent.Parentsjustneedtobeawareofhowoftentheyarefullyengagedwiththeirchildrenwithoutdevices.43.略北京市豐臺區(qū)2021-2022學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期高三綜合練習(xí)（一）Everyyearmoreofustryandreduceourimpactontheplanet.Arefillshop,orzerowasteshop,givesyouachoicetogogreen.Refillshopstendtobesmall,independentstoresthatsellnon-packagedgoods.Mostofthetimetheywillbedryoneslikericeandnutsproduceddirectlyinthelocalsites,whichmeanslesscarbonfootprintfromfarmtoplate.Theycanalsobemanyothersustainable(可持續(xù)的)products,likerefillcleaningproductsandsoaps.Shoppersonlyneedtobringcontainerstheyalreadyownandrefillthemfromlargercontainersinthestore.Refillandzero-wasteshopsareusuallylocatedincommunities.Buyingfromwithinwalkingdistance,clearly,ismoresustainableandkindertotheplanet,andyourcommunity.Ifyou'rewalkingdownthestreettoyourlocalrefillshop,thenyou'redoinggreatbutifyou'redrivinghoursawaytofindyourclosestshop,thenthetransportmaycanceloutanybenefitsofwhatyoubuy.Remember,it'sthewholeprocessnotjusttheendproduct.Perhapsthemostsignificantaspectofshoppingatlocalrefillshopsisthattheyencourageustothinkaboutourconsumerhabits.Theymakeuspauseandthinkabouthowwecanmakepositivechangesfortheenvironment.Ifyoucanshoplocalandfromindependentrefillshops,thenyoushould.Itdoesn'thavetobeallthetimebutminimizingwasteandchoosingrefillswhereyoucanwillmakeapositivedifference.Whatarerefillshops?41.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemostimportantvalueofrefillshopping?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Refillshopsarebuiltincommunitieswithinwalkingdistancebecausedrivingtotheseshopscancostmoney.43.Inreality,refillshopshavenotwonmuchpopularityyet.Whatdoyouthinkmightbethepossiblereason(s)?(Inabout40words)【答案】Refillshopsaresmall,independentstoresthatsellnon-packagedgoods.Themostimportantvalueofrefillshoppingisthatitencouragesustothinkaboutourconsumerhabits.Accordingtothepassage,refillshopsarebuiltincommunitieswithinwalkingdistancebecausewalkingtorefillshopsisenvironmentally-friendly.略北京市石景山區(qū)2021-2022學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期高三綜合練習(xí)（一）RevengeSleepProcrastinationAccordingtothesleepexpertDorothyChambers,"revengesleepprocrastination"referstoaphenomenoninwhichwedelaygoingtosleeptodootherunimportantthingsthatwehaven'thadtimetodointheday,andreflectsaverypoorworkandlifebalance.Theresearcherssurveyed2,012adultsandfoundthatoverthreequartersadmitdoingaformofrevengesleepprocrastination,usingtheirphonesrightupuntilfallingasleep.Thentheresearchersselectedsomesocialmediaappstotesthowseriouslytheyaffectsleepquality.Eachparticipantwasaskedtowearasmartwatchtorecordhowlongittooktofallasleep,andprovidefeedbackonhowtiredtheyfeltthenextmorning.Theresultrevealedthattheaveragetimetakentofallasleepwasover45minutesandanincreasingtirednesswasreportedbyoverhalfoftheparticipants.Itshowedthatrevengesleepprocrastinationimpactedsleepqualityalot,whichcanleadtoadverseimplicationsonphysicalandmentalhealth.Sowhydoesithappen?Accordingtotheresearchers,it'slargelydowntothehelightemittedfromphonescreens.Itstimulatesthebrainandreducesnaturalmelatonin(褪黑素)production,increasingtiredness,andinturnincreasingtheamountoftimespentfallingasleep.Theresearcherspointedthatsocialmediaappsencouragethereleaseof“pleasurechemicals”,givingusenergyanda“happy”feeling.Thiscouldbewhymanyofuschoosethemasourmeansofrevengesleepprocrastination,eventhoughweknowtheydohavenegativeeffectsonourhealth.Tosolvethisproblem,Dorothyrecommendedthatweshouldn'tuseanyelectronicsforatleasttwohoursbeforesleepingtoavoidsleepdeprivation.Instead,weshouldtryreadingabookortakingdeepbreaths.40.Whatisrevengesleepprocrastination?41.Whatistheeffectofrevengesleepprocrastination?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Forsomeprocrastinators,theirsleeptroubleresultsfromthebluelight,pleasurechemicalsandtheirunawarenessofthebadeffectsofusingsocialmediaappsbeforebed.43.Ifyoupreferredusingsocialmediaappsbeforebed,whatwouldyoudotofightsuchatypeofsleeprevengeprocrastinationbesidesthepracticementionedinthepassage?(Inabout40words)【答案】40.Revengesleepprocrastinationreferstoaphenomenoninwhichwedelay,goingtosleeptodootherunimportantthingsthatwehaven'thadtimetodointheday.41.Itcausesaverypoorworkandlifebalance.Itaffectssleepquality./ItimpactssleepqualityalotItleadstoadverseimplicationsonphysicalandmentalhealth.42.Forsomeprocrastinators,theirsleeptroubleresultsfromthebluelight,pleasurechemicalsandtheirunawarenessofthebadeffectswhiletheyusesocialmediaappsbeforebed.Accordingtothepassages,althoughtheprocrastinatorsalreadyknowusingsocialmediaappsbeforebedhasnegativeeffectsontheirhealth,theycan'thelpusingthem43.Iwouldfightsuchtypeofprocrastinationintwoways.Planningtimeeffectivelycouldgivememorecontrolofmyday,likeprioritizingstudyingorothernecessarystuffandsparingthetimeforentertainment.Plus,atbedtime,Iwouldkeepmyphoneinthelivingroomtoavoidaddictivesocialmediaapps.北京市順義區(qū)2021-2022學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期高三綜合練習(xí)（一）Somepeopleseecolourswhentheyheardifferentsounds.Othersseecolourswhentheyseewordsandnumbersprintedinblackandwhite.Theseinterestingpeoplearecalledsynaesthetes,andwhattheyexperienceiscalledsynaesthesia.AstudyattheUniversityofSussexisfindingouthowlearningtoseesoundsascoloursorthinkoflettersincolourcouldimproveyourIQandmemory.Oneofthestudyleaders,DrBorsaysthatcarryingoutthesetestshasgiventhemtheopportunitytofindoutmoreabouthowpeopleusedifferentkindsofmemory.DrBorbasedhislatestresearcharoundsomethingscientistsalreadyknowalotabout—"chunking".Heexplainsthatthisisawayofbreakinglargepiecesofinformationintosmallerunits,tomakeiteasiertoremember."WhenIgiveyoumyphonenumber,01274737215,youprobablyrememberitas01274737215,orsomethingsimilar.Ifyoucanremember012andthefirst74,youcanremembertherest.Youcangetsomeamazingbenefitsfromchunking!"Thisisreallyimportantforunderstandingsynaesthesia.DrBorsaysthatsynaesthesiaaddsextrainformationtothingsthataredifficulttoremember,suchaslettersandnumbers,orextracolours.Thishelpsusrememberthingsbetter.AndDrBor'sownstudyofoneamazingperson,whohasbothsynaesthesiaandaverystrongmemoryadvantage,supportsthisideaaswell.Thestudybeganasawaytotestwhethersynaesthesiaisconnectedtogreaterabilitiestodocertainthingsandaimedtocreateawayoflearningsynaesthesiatodevelopbenefitsforeveryone.Aftertraining,peoplewereabletopassthenormalsynaesthesiatests,andtheirIQjumpedupabout12points!ButDrBorsaystheyneedtotesttheincreaseinIQwithdifferentgroupsofpeopleapartfromcleverstudentswhotookpartinthisstudy.40．Accordingtothepassage,whendopeopleexperiencesynaesthesia?41．Howcansynaesthesiahelpimprovememory?42．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy?DrBorhasprovedthattheIQofpeoplefromdifferentgroupswasabletoimproveabout12pointsafterlearningsynaesthesia.43．Besidessynaesthesia,whatdoyouthinkaresomeotherwaystoimproveyourmemory?（Inabout40words）【答案】40．PeopleexperienceSynaesthesiawhentheyseecolourswhilehearingdifferentsoundsorseeingwordsandnumbersprintedinblackandwhite.41．Byaddingextrainformationtothingsthataredifficulttoremember,suchaslettersandnumbers,orextracolours.42．DrBorhasprovedthattheIQofpeoplefromdifferentgroupswasabletoimproveabout12pointsafterlearningsynaesthesia.DrBorhasprovedthatcleverstudents’IQwasabletojumpupabout12pointsafterlearningsynaesthesia.DrBorsaystheyneedtotesttheincreaseinIQwithdifferentgroupsofpeopleapartfromcleverstudentswhotookpartinthisstudy.43．言之有理即可。Possibleanswer：Inordertoimproveourmemorywecandonewthingsandchangeourdailyhabitstokeepourbrainactive.WecanalsotrytomemorizesomethingnewandplayMathspuzzletogetlotsofregularexercise.北京市房山區(qū)2021-2022學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期高三綜合練習(xí)（一）TheChinesecapital,thefirstcityintheworldtohostthesummerandthewinterOlympicGames,hascomeupwithinnovativehigh-techstandardsforBeijing2022,deliveringChina’spromisetoholda“simple,safeandsplendid”event.AstheWinterOlympicGamescontinueinChina,someofthedifferenttechnologiesarebeingusedinBeijing.JournalistsreportingontheWinterOlympicsareofferedthechancetosleeponthejobthankstothehigh-techcabins(房艙)attheBeijingmediacentre.The20sleeprestcabinsweredevelopedbyChina’sKeesonTechnologyCorp,andwithasimplescanoftheirphones,journalistscanusethemforpowernapsforuptoanhour.Thespaciouscabinsareequippedwiththesametypeofbedsprovidedfortheathletes.Thesmartbedswithsensorscancollectinformationonthingslikebreathingandheartrates.Userscanadjustthepositionofthebeds,whichhaveamassagesetting,byusingaremotecontrolortheirphone.Thebedsalsohavecontrolstopermituserstochoosedifferentsleepingpositions,includingonecalled“zerogravity”,whichisespeciallydesignedfortheBeijingWinterGames.Raisingthehead15degreesandlegsby35degreesisbeneficialforbloodcirculationandabletohelptheuserstorelievestressandgetagoodnightsleep.Sofar,thirtytofortypeopleadayhaveusedthecabinsattheBeijingmediacentre.Thecabinsarefullycleanedaftereachuse.ThesleeprestcabinsarejustoneofanumberofinnovationsattheGames.ThecityhasgonetogreatlengthstomaketheWinterOlympicsasmartsportsexperience.40.Accordingtothepassage,whathigh-techequipmentisprovidedtojournalistsattheBeijingmediacentre?41.Howdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedpart“powernaps”inthesecondparagraph?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Thesmartbedshavemanyfunctions,suchastreatingbreathingandheartdiseases,providingmassagesettingandpermittingzerogravitysleepingposition.43.Therearemanyotherhigh-techproductsusedinourdailylife.Pleaseintroduceanotherhigh-techproduct.(Inabout40words)【答案】第40題Thehigh-techcabins./Thesleeprestcabins.(2分)內(nèi)容：意義忠實于原文，表達(dá)內(nèi)容完整2分。語言不完整扣1分，語言表達(dá)與試題答案無關(guān)或者關(guān)聯(lián)性較小0分。語言：準(zhǔn)確、連貫。語言表達(dá)有少量錯誤，但不影響理解，扣1分。語言質(zhì)量影響理解給0分。第41題“Powernaps”meansasoundsleep/havingagoodrest.（2分）內(nèi)容：意義忠實于原文，表達(dá)內(nèi)容完整2分。語言不完整扣1分，語言表達(dá)與試題答案無關(guān)或者關(guān)聯(lián)性較小0分。語言：準(zhǔn)確、連貫2分。語言表達(dá)有少量錯誤，但不影響理解，扣1分。語言質(zhì)量影響理解給0分。第42題一、劃線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)劃線Thesmartbedshavemanyfunctions,suchastreatingbreathingandheartdiseases,providingmassagesettingandpermittingzerogravitysleepingposition.1.劃線treatingbreathingandheartdiseases完全正確，得1分。2.劃線Thesmartbedshavemanyfunctions,suchastreatingbreathingandheartdiseases得1分。3.整句劃線等情況不得分。二、內(nèi)容：解釋符合原文意義。參考：Accordingtothepassage,thesmartbedscancollectinformationonthingslikebreathingandheartratesinsteadoftreatingdiseases.三、語言：準(zhǔn)確、連貫；如準(zhǔn)確性和連貫性欠佳，酌情扣1分。語言質(zhì)量影響理解不給分。第43題參考答案：43.WhenIwatchedTV，IsawtherobotchefsworkingintheWinterOlympicGames.Therobotchefsarecapableofindependentlycookingavarietyofdishesfromstarttofinish.Withtheserobots,thedishesareservedwithgreatefficiency.北京市延慶區(qū)2021-2022學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期高三綜合練習(xí)（一）Inlife,onceonapath,wetendtofollowit,forbetterorworse.What’ssadisthatevenifit’sthelatter,weoftenfollowacertainpathanywaybecauseweareusedtothewaythingsarethatwedon’tevenrecognizethattheycouldbedifferent.Psychologistscallthisphenomenonfunctionalfixedness.Thisclassicexperimentwillgiveyouanideaofhowitworks—andasenseofwhetheryoumayhavefallenintothesametrap:Peoplearegivenaboxoftacks(大頭釘)andsomematchesandaskedtofindawaytoattachacandletoawallsothatitburnsproperly.Typically,thesubjectstrytackingthecandletothewallorlightingittofixitwithmeltedwax(石蠟).Thetacksaretooshort,andthecandledoesn’tfastentothewall.Sohowcanyouaccomplishthetask?Thesuccessfultechniqueistousethetackboxasacandleholder.Youemptyit,tackittothewall,andstandthecandleinsideit.Tothinkofthat,youhavetolookbeyondthebox’susualroleasacontainerjustfortacksandreimagineitservinganentirelynewpurpose.Thatisdifficultbecauseweallsuffer—toonedegreeoranother—fromfunctionalfixedness.Theinabilitytothinkinnewwaysaffectspeopleineverycornerofsociety.ThepoliticaltheoristHannahArendcoinedthephrasefrozenthoughtstodescribedeeplyheldideasthatwenolongerquestionbutshould.InArendt’seyes,thecomplacentrelianceonsuchaccepted“truths”alsomadepeopleblindtoideasthatdidn’tfittheirworldview,evenwhentherewasampleevidenceforthem.Frozenthinkinghasnothingtodowithintelligence,shesaid,“Itcanbefoundinhighlyintelligentpeople.”Anothercontextinwhichfrozenthinkingcanturntrulydangerousismedicine.Ifyoulandinthehospital,it’snaturaltowanttobetreatedbythemostexperiencedphysiciansonstaff.Butaccordingtoa2014studyintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation(JAMA),you’dbebetteroffbeingtreatedbytherelativenovices.40.Whatdoes“functionalfixedness”mean?41.Howisthecandleattachedtothewall?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.FrozenthinkingiscommonamongordinarypeopleaswellasthosewithhighIQalthoughfrozenthinkinghasmuchtodowithintelligence.43.Howcanyouavoidfrozenthoughtsinyourdailylife?(Inabout40words)【答案】40.Whatdoes“functionalfixedness”