2024屆高考英語（新高考）壓軸真題專項練習-閱讀理解CD篇（科技創(chuàng)新發(fā)明類）附答案

2024屆高考英語（新高考通用）壓軸真題專項練習——閱讀理解CD篇（科技創(chuàng)新發(fā)明類）命題預測分析近幾年高考閱讀理解C、D篇可知，高考命題中科普說明文一直都是以壓軸題的形式存在，著重考查考生對于語篇的理解能力以及信息處理能力。題材多樣，語篇主要來源于英美主流報刊、雜志和網站。內容涉及科技創(chuàng)新發(fā)明、人工智能類、醫(yī)療健身健康類、社會與文化研究報告、觀念事理類、環(huán)境與保護類、動植物研究等多種領域，具有較強的思想性、趣味性、實際功用性和較強的時代感。從近年全國卷和各地高考試卷中科普類閱讀命題的統(tǒng)計來看，高考閱讀理解科普類文章的理論性和邏輯性強、生詞多、句式結構復雜。六種命題類型都有所體現。命題尊重語篇的文體特征和行文特點，考查了考生理解說明文語篇的能力，以及靈活運用各種閱讀策略提取、歸納所讀信息的能力，尤其加大了對概括能力和推斷能力等高階思維能力的考查。預測2024年高考對于科普說明文的考查仍然是重點。高頻考法推理判斷題標題歸納題細節(jié)理解題詞義猜測題說明文基本規(guī)律及解題要領高考中科普類閱讀理解一般不給標題，反而經常要求考生選擇最佳標題。說明文一般采用如下四部分：首段：一般即是文章的主題段，開門見山點明新發(fā)明或研究對象。背景:交代問題的現狀或研究的起因。主干:部分介紹研究所取得的突破，作者往往會詳細介紹研究對象、研究方法、研究理論或具體的實驗、統(tǒng)計等過程。結尾:通常會再次對中心進行概括、重述研究成果、預計的市場未來等與主題呼應。二、說明文的解題技巧1.運用語篇結構（textstructure），了解文章大意科普說明文主題鮮明、脈絡清晰，行文結構模式較為固定。弄清文本結構有助于把握文章主旨和閱讀重點?？萍紕?chuàng)新發(fā)明類文章通常是介紹一種新產品、新技術，更多運用描述法從功能、用途、材料和市場前景等方面進行介紹。結構上一般采用上述四個部分，說明手法上常使用以下說明方法：描述法（包括舉例子、下定義、列數據等）、因果法、問題與對策法。實驗研究型文章一般會以實驗的過程進展為線索，多用描述法、問題與對策法等方法，通過列數據、做對比等來說明新的科學研究發(fā)現及其產生的影響。閱讀時，首先用略讀法快速瀏覽每段的首尾句，根據英語說明文思維模式特征，作者一般都會開門見山，直奔主題。結尾通常也是中心思想的概括，并與導語相呼應。因此在做主旨大意、寫作意圖和最佳標題等題目時，需要重點關注首尾段落里面高頻復現的詞匯和內容。2.定位標志詞，分析長難句，進行邏輯推理判斷每一個問題，在原文中，都要有一個定位。然后精讀，找出那個標志詞或者中心句。根據題干要求，用查讀法快速定位到相關段落。再利用標志詞所提供的邏輯關系找到細節(jié)信息，如列數據、舉例子、原因和結果等。如果句子成分復雜，有生詞，也不要煩躁退縮，分析主句和從句或非謂語動詞之間的關系，一些出現在術語、抽象概念、長難句前后的同義詞、近義詞等，都是用以理解文章的語境線索。通過這些對長句進行層層剖析，露出主干部分，就能明晰句意，弄懂作者的真實意圖。關注某人說到或推斷觀點態(tài)度題某人說過的話，有時并不是題眼，但可以從側面或某個角度來反映作者的觀點，也就是作者想表達的，正確答案都是和這樣的觀點相一致的。要把握關鍵詞，有感情色彩的詞。4.關注轉折關系的邏輯詞說明文中常會出現表示轉折意義的詞，如however,but,yet,while等。這些詞后面才是作者真正想表達的意思，常常會在此處命題。5.熟悉選項設置規(guī)律，關注細節(jié)正確選項：文中內容的“同義替換”或者“歸納概括”。干擾項：“張冠李戴”、“偷梁換柱”、“無中生有”和“以偏概全”四種類型。01科技創(chuàng)新發(fā)明類1.（2024·河北·二模）There’replentyoffreshfruitsandvegetablesavailableinlocalmarkets.Butwhilethoseredjuicystrawberrieslookfresh,consumershavenowayofknowinghowlongthefruitcanbestoredathome.Thesamegoesfordistributioncentersandsupermarkets.Now,thefoodtechnologystartupOneThird,locatedintheNetherlands,islookingtochangethatwithaninfrared(紅外線)scannerthatcanaccuratelypredicthowlongfreshfruitsandvegetableswilllast.ThestartupisnamedOneThirdbecauseone-thirdoffoodiswastedduetospoilage(變質)everyyear.Thestartup’sfounderswereinspiredbyaUKcompanythatusesthistypeoftechnologyinthemedicalfieldanddecidedtoseeifitwasapplicableforfood.“Ilookedatthechallengesinthefood-supplychainandfoundoutthat40percentoffoodwasteisfreshproduce.Oneofthebiggestcausesofwasteisthatnobodyknowsshelflife.”founderandCEOofOneThird,MarcoSnikkerssaid.Qualityinspectionsatfarmsanddistributioncentersaredonemanually(手動地).Aninspectorchecksthefruitsandvegetablesandmakesnotesaboutthesizeandquality.Thenthefoodissenttoconsumerswithoutconsideringtraveltimeorhowlongtheproducewillremainusable.Usingtheinfraredscanneratthedistributioncentermeansthatinspectorscanusetheinformationtoapproveshipmentsthatwillensuretheproducecanbedistributedonatimelybasis.Thismeansthatashipmentofripetomatoeswillnotbesentlongdistancesaway.OneThird’sscannercombinesthetechnologyofopticalscanners,imagemodeling,andArtificialIntelligencetoprovideaccurateshelf-lifepredictions.Thestartupfoundthatthetechnologycanreduceupto25percentproducewastethatwascausedbyspoilage.“Globalfoodwastehasanenormousenvironmentalimpact;reducingglobalfoodwastecutsglobalgreenhousegasemissionsandpromotesglobalfoodsecurity,”saidJacobSmith,aclimateexpertfromtheUniversityofMaine.1．WhatproblemdoesOneThirdaimtosolve?A．Thehighcostofstoringfreshfruitsandvegetables.B．Inefficientqualityinspectionsatdistributioncenters.C．Foodwastecausedbyuncertaintyaboutitsshelflife.D．Consumers’difficultyjudgingthefreshnessofproduce.2．WhatinspiredOneThirdtocomeupwiththeideaofusinginfraredscanner?A．Theuseofthedeviceinanotherfield. B．Observationofthefood-supplychain.C．Consumerdemandsforfresherproduce. D．Experts’adviceonfoodwastereduction.3．Whatcanwelearnaboutthemanualqualityinspections?A．Theyaretime-consumingandcostly. B．Theyarenotperformedataregulartime.C．Theinspectorstendtomakewrongjudgement. D．Theshippingtimeisnottakenintoconsideration.4．What’sJacob’sattitudetoOneThird’seffort?A．Approving. B．Doubtful. C．Tolerant. D．Dismissive.【正確答案】1．C2．A3．D4．A【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了食品科技初創(chuàng)公司OneThird通過紅外掃描儀準確預測新鮮水果和蔬菜的保質期。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段“Now,thefoodtechnologystartupOneThird,locatedintheNetherlands,islookingtochangethatwithaninfrared(紅外線)scannerthatcanaccuratelypredicthowlongfreshfruitsandvegetableswilllast.ThestartupisnamedOneThirdbecauseone-thirdoffoodiswastedduetospoilage(變質)everyyear.(現在，位于荷蘭的食品科技初創(chuàng)公司OneThird正試圖改變這一現狀，他們發(fā)明了一種紅外掃描儀，可以準確預測新鮮水果和蔬菜的保質期。這家初創(chuàng)公司之所以被命名為OneThird，是因為每年有三分之一的食物因變質而被浪費)”可知，OneThird旨在解決由于不確定食物的保質期而造成的食物浪費。故選C。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段“Thestartup’sfounderswereinspiredbyaUKcompanythatusesthistypeoftechnologyinthemedicalfieldanddecidedtoseeifitwasapplicableforfood.(這家初創(chuàng)公司的創(chuàng)始人受到一家英國公司的啟發(fā)，該公司在醫(yī)療領域使用這種技術，并決定看看它是否適用于食品)”可知，設備在其他領域的使用激發(fā)了OneThird使用紅外掃描儀的想法。故選A。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段“Thenthefoodissenttoconsumerswithoutconsideringtraveltimeorhowlongtheproducewillremainusable.(然后，食品被送到消費者手中，而不考慮運輸時間或產品的可用性)”可知，人工質量檢驗中，運輸時間沒有考慮在內。故選D。4．推理判斷題。根據最后一段““Globalfoodwastehasanenormousenvironmentalimpact;reducingglobalfoodwastecutsglobalgreenhousegasemissionsandpromotesglobalfoodsecurity,”saidJacobSmith,aclimateexpertfromtheUniversityofMaine.(“全球食物浪費對環(huán)境有巨大影響;減少全球食物浪費可以減少全球溫室氣體排放，促進全球糧食安全，”緬因大學氣候專家雅各布·史密斯說)”可知，雅各布對OneThird的努力持支持態(tài)度。故選A。2.（2024·山東棗莊·二模）Evenifyouhaven’theldaconversationwithSiriorAlexa,you’velikelyencounteredachatbotonline.Theyoftenappearinachatwindowthatpopsupwithafriendlygreeting:Thankyouforvisitingoursite.HowcanIhelpyoutoday?Dependingonthesite,thechatbotisprogrammedtorespondaccordinglyandevenaskfollow-upquestions.ChatbotsareaformofconversationalAIdesignedtosimplifyhumaninteractionwithcomputers.Theyareprogrammedtosimulatehumanconversationandexhibitintelligentbehaviorthatisequivalenttothatofahuman.Chatbotscommunicatethroughspeechortext.Bothrelyonartificialintelligencetechnologieslikemachinelearningandnaturallanguageprocessing(NLP),whichisabranchofartificialintelligencethatteachesmachinestoread,analyzeandinterprethumanlanguage.Thistechnologygiveschatbotsabaselineforunderstandinglanguagestructureandmeaning.NLP,inessence,allowsthecomputertounderstandwhatyouareaskingandhowtoappropriatelyrespond.Withdevelopmentsindeeplearningandreinforcementlearning,chatbotscaninterpretmorecomplexitiesinlanguageandimprovethedynamicnatureofconversationbetweenhumanandmachine.Essentially,achatbottriestomatchwhatyou’veaskedtoanintentthatitunderstands.Themoreachatbotcommunicateswithyou,themoreitunderstandsandthemoreitlearnstocommunicatelikeyouandotherswithsimilarquestions.Yourpositiveresponsesreinforceitsanswers,andthenitusesthoseanswersagain.Fromcustomerservicechatbotsonlinetopersonalassistantsinourhomes,chatbotshavestartedtoenterourlives.Inalmosteveryindustry,companiesareusingchatbotstohelpcustomerseasilynavigatetheirwebsites,answersimplequestionsanddirectpeopletotherelevantpointsofcontact.PersonalassistantslikeSiriandAlexaaredesignedtorespondtoawiderangeofscenariosandqueries,fromcurrentweatherandnewsupdatestopersonalcalendars,musicselectionsandrandomquestions.5．WhydoestheauthormentionSiriandAlexainParagraph1?A．Toexplainhowachatbotworks. B．Toshowwheretofindachatbot.C．Togiveexamplesofchatbots. D．Tocomparedifferentchatbots.6．Whatisthebasisofchatbots?A．Languagestudy. B．Datatransmission.C．Socialinteraction. D．Naturallanguageprocessing.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reinforce”inparagraph4mean?A．Inspire. B．Strengthen. C．Organize. D．Match.8．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thefuturetrendofchatbots. B．Theauthor’spredictions.C．Theeffectsofchatbots. D．Theapplicationsofchatbots.【正確答案】5．C6．D7．B8．D【導語】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了聊天機器人的工作原理和應用。5．推理判斷題。根據第一段“Evenifyouhaven’theldaconversationwithSiriorAlexa,you’velikelyencounteredachatbotonline.Theyoftenappearinachatwindowthatpopsupwithafriendlygreeting:Thankyouforvisitingoursite.”（即使你沒有和Siri或Alexa進行過對話，你也可能在網上遇到過聊天機器人。它們經常出現在聊天窗口中，并彈出友好的問候：感謝您訪問我們的網站）可知，為什么作者在第一段提到了Siri和Alexa是給出聊天機器人的例子。故選C項。6．細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段“Bothrelyonartificialintelligencetechnologieslikemachinelearningandnaturallanguageprocessing(NLP)”（兩者都依賴于機器學習和自然語言處理(NLP)等人工智能技術。）可知，聊天機器人的基礎是是自然語言處理。故選D項。7．詞句猜測題。根據上文“Themoreachatbotcommunicateswithyou,themoreitunderstandsandthemoreitlearnstocommunicatelikeyouandotherswithsimilarquestions.”（聊天機器人和你交流得越多，它就越能理解你，也就越能學會像你和其他有類似問題的人一樣交流）以及下文“thenitusesthoseanswersagain.”（然后它會再次使用這些答案。）可知，“Yourpositiveresponses reinforce itsanswers”表達的意思是“你的積極回應強化了它的答案”，劃線詞reinforce與Strengthen“鞏固，強化”意思一致。故選B項。8．主旨大意題。根據最后一段“Fromcustomerservicechatbotsonlinetopersonalassistantsinourhomes,chatbotshavestartedtoenterourlives.Inalmosteveryindustry,companiesareusingchatbotstohelpcustomerseasilynavigatetheirwebsites,answersimplequestionsanddirectpeopletotherelevantpointsofcontact.PersonalassistantslikeSiriandAlexaaredesignedtorespondtoawiderangeofscenariosandqueries,fromcurrentweatherandnewsupdatestopersonalcalendars,musicselectionsandrandomquestions.”（從在線客服聊天機器人到家庭私人助理，聊天機器人已經開始進入我們的生活。幾乎在每個行業(yè)，公司都在使用聊天機器人來幫助客戶輕松瀏覽網站，回答簡單的問題，并將人們引導到相關的聯絡點。Siri和Alexa等個人助理的設計目的是響應各種場景和查詢，從當前天氣和新聞更新到個人日歷、音樂選擇和隨機問題）可知，最后一段主要是關于聊天機器人的應用。故選D項。3.（2024·江蘇南京·二模）Sincethelasticeage,humanshaveclearednearlyhalfoftheearth’sforestsandgrasslandsforagriculture.Withtheworldpopulationexpanding,there’sever-increasingpressureonfarmlandtoproducenotonlymorefoodbutalsocleanenergy.InplacessuchasYakimaCounty,Washington,it’screatedcompetitionforceasland-hungrysolarpanels(板)consumeavailablefields.Lastmonth,thestateapprovedplanstocover1,700acresofagriculturallandwithsolarpanels,fuelingconcernsoverthelong-termimpactsoflosingcropland.ArecentstudyfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,however,showshowfarmersmaysoonharvestcropsandenergytogether.Oneresearcher,MajdiAbouNajm,explainsthatvisiblelightspectrum(光譜)canbeseparatedintoblueandredlightwaves,andtheirphotons(光子)havedifferentproperties.Blueoneshavehigherenergythanredones.Whilethatgivesbluelightwhatisneededtogeneratepower,italsoresultsinhighertemperatures.“Fromaplantangle,redphotonsaretheefficientones,”saysAbouNajm.“Theydon’tmaketheplantfeelhot.”Agoalofthestudyistocreateanewgenerationofsolarpanels.Heseespotentialintheorganicsolarcells,whichcomefromcarbon-basedmaterials.Thinandtranrent,thecellsareappliedlikeafilmontovarioussurfaces.Thisnewtechnologycouldbeusedtodevelopspecialsolarpanelsthatblockbluelighttogeneratepower,whilepassingtheredlightontocropsplanteddirectlybelow.Thesepanelscouldalsoprovideshadeforheat-sensitivefruitsduringthehottestpartoftheday.By2050,we’llhavetwobillionmorepeople,andwe’llneedmorefoodandmoreenergy.Bymaximizingthesolarspectrum,“we’remakingfulluseofanendlesslysustainableresource,”saysAbouNajm.“Ifatechnologykicksinthatcandevelopthesepanels,thentheskyisthelimitonhowefficientwecanbe.”9．Whatproblemdoesthefirstparagraphfocuson?A．Losingcroplandtosolarpanels.B．Distributionoftheworldpopulation.C．Reductioninforestsandgrasslands.D．Competingforlandbetweenfarmers.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?A．Generationofsolarpower.B．Hotweatherincreasingefficiency.C．Bluephotonshavinghigherenergy.D．Separationofvisiblelightspectrum.11．Whatdoweknowabouttheorganicsolarcells?A．Theymakefruitsheat-sensitive.B．Theycancooldowninhotdays,C．Theyallowredlighttopassthrough.D．Theycanstorecarbon-basedmaterials.12．WhatdoesAbouNajmthinkofthefutureofthenewsolarpanels?A．Limited. B．Promising.C．Uncertain. D．Challenging.【正確答案】9．A10．C11．C12．B【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了一項研究表明，可以通過開發(fā)新一代太陽能電池板來收獲紅色和藍色的光波，分別滿足農業(yè)和發(fā)電的需要，最大限度地利用太陽能。9．主旨大意題。根據第一段中的“Withtheworldpopulationexpanding,there’sever-increasingpressureonfarmlandtoproducenotonlymorefoodbutalsocleanenergy.InplacessuchasYakimaCounty,Washington,it’screatedcompetitionforceasland-hungrysolarpanels(板)consumeavailablefields.Lastmonth,thestateapprovedplanstocover1,700acresofagriculturallandwithsolarpanels,fuelingconcernsoverthelong-termimpactsoflosingcropland.(隨著世界人口的增長，農田不僅要生產更多的糧食，還要生產清潔能源，農田的壓力越來越大。在華盛頓州亞基馬縣等地，由于需要土地的太陽能電池板消耗了可用的田地，這就造成了空間競爭。上個月，該州批準了用太陽能電池板覆蓋1700英畝農田的計劃，這加劇了人們對失去農田的長期影響的擔憂。)”可知，第一段主要講述了太陽能電池板占據農田，導致農田空間減少。故選A。10．代詞指代題。that為指示代詞，常用來指代上文提到的事物。根據畫線詞前一句“Blueoneshavehigherenergythanredones.(藍色的光子比紅色的光子能量高。)”可知，that指代的是藍色光子有更高的能量，更高的能量給予了產生電所需的藍光。故選C。11．細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中的“Thisnewtechnologycouldbeusedtodevelopspecialsolarpanelsthatblockbluelighttogeneratepower,whilepassingtheredlightontocropsplanteddirectlybelow.(這項新技術可以用于開發(fā)特殊的太陽能電池板，該電池板可以阻擋藍光發(fā)電，同時讓紅光傳給正下方種植的作物。)”可知，這種有機太陽能電池板能夠阻擋藍光，讓紅光通過。故選C。12．推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“Bymaximizingthesolarspectrum,‘we’remakingfulluseofanendlesslysustainableresource,’saysAbouNajm.‘Ifatechnologykicksinthatcandevelopthesepanels,thentheskyisthelimitonhowefficientwecanbe.’(AbouNajm說，通過最大限度地利用太陽能光譜，‘我們正在充分利用無盡的可持續(xù)資源?！缒軌蜷_發(fā)出這些面板的果一項技術生效，那么我們的效率就是無限的。’)”可知，AbouNajm認為有機太陽能電池板能夠最大限度地利用無盡的太陽能資源，讓人類的效率變得無限，由此可推測出，他認為有機太陽能電池板非常有前景。故選B。4.（2024·山東·一模）Withthehelpfromanartificiallanguage(AL)model,MITneuroscientistshavediscoveredwhatkindofsentencesaremostlikelytofireupthebrain’skeylanguageprocessingcenters.Thenewstudyrevealsthatsentencesthataremorecomplex,becauseofeitherunusualgrammarorunexpectedmeaning,generatestrongerresponsesintheselanguageprocessingcenters.Sentencesthatareverystraightforwardbarelyengagetheseregions,andmeaninglessordersofwordsdon’tdomuchforthemeither.Inthisstudy,theresearchersfocusedonlanguage-processingregionsfoundinthelefthemisphere(半球)ofthebrain.Bycollectingasetof1,000sentencesfromvarioussources,theresearchersmeasuredthebrainactivityofparticipantsusingfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI)whiletheyreadthesentences.Thesamesentenceswerealsofedintoalargelanguagemodel,similartoChatGPT,tomeasurethemodel’sactivationpatterns.Oncetheresearchershadallofthosedata,theytrainedthemodeltopredicthowthehumanlanguagenetworkwouldrespondtoanynewsentencebasedonhowtheartificiallanguagenetworkrespondedtothese1,000sentences.Theresearchersthenusedthemodeltodetermine500newsentencesthatwoulddrivehighestbrainactivityandsentencesthatwouldmakethebrainlessactive,andtheirfindingswereconfirmedinsubsequenthumanparticipants.Tounderstandwhycertainsentencesgeneratestrongerbrainresponses,themodelexaminedthesentencesbasedon11differentlanguagecharacteristics.Theanalysisrevealedthatsentencesthatweremoresurprisingresultedingreaterbrainactivity.Anotherlinguistic(語言的)aspectthatcorrelatedwiththebrain’slanguagenetworkresponseswasthecomplexityofthesentences,whichwasdeterminedbyhowwelltheyfollowedEnglishgrammarrulesandbowlogicallytheylinkedwitheachother.TheresearchersnowplantoseeiftheycanextendthesefindingsinspeakersoflanguagesotherthanEnglish.Theyalsohopetoexplorewhattypeofstimulimayactivatelanguageprocessingregionsinthebrain’srighthemisphere.13．Whatsentencesmakeourbrainworkharder?A．Lengthy. B．Logical.C．Straightforward. D．Complicated.14．WhatisthefunctionoftheALmodelintheresearch?A．Toexaminelanguagenetwork. B．Toreducelanguagecomplexity.C．Tolocatelanguageprocessingarea. D．Toidentifylanguagecharacteristics.15．Howdidtheresearcherscarryouttheirstudy?A．Byconductinginterviews. B．Bycollectingquestionnaires.C．Byanalyzingexperimentdata. D．Byreviewingpreviousstudies.16．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ALModelStimulatesBrainActivitiesB．ALModelSpeedsUpLanguageLearningC．ALModelRevealstheSecretsofBrainActivationD．ALModelEnhancesBrainProcessingCapacity【正確答案】13．D14．D15．C16．C【導語】本文是篇新聞報道。這篇文章詳細描述了MIT神經科學家利用人工語言模型進行的一項新研究，揭示了哪種類型的句子最有可能激發(fā)大腦關鍵的語言處理中心。13．細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段“Withthehelpfromanartificiallanguage(AL)model,MITneuroscientistshavediscoveredwhatkindofsentencesaremostlikelytofireupthebrain’skeylanguageprocessingcenters.Thenewstudyrevealsthatsentencesthataremorecomplex,becauseofeitherunusualgrammarorunexpectedmeaning,generatestrongerresponsesintheselanguageprocessingcenters.(在人工語言(AL)模型的幫助下，麻省理工學院的神經科學家們發(fā)現了哪種句子最有可能激活大腦的關鍵語言處理中心。這項新研究表明，由于語法不同尋常或含義出乎意料，更復雜的句子會在這些語言處理中心產生更強烈的反應)”可知，復雜的句子會讓我們的大腦更努力工作。故選D項。14．推理判斷題。根據第二段“Thesamesentenceswerealsofedintoalargelanguagemodel,similartoChatGPT,tomeasurethemodel’sactivationpatterns.Oncetheresearchershadallofthosedata,theytrainedthemodeltopredicthowthehumanlanguagenetworkwouldrespondtoanynewsentencebasedonhowtheartificiallanguagenetworkrespondedtothese1,000sentences.(同樣的句子也被輸入到一個類似于ChatGPT的大型語言模型中，以測量模型的激活模式。一旦研究人員獲得了所有這些數據，他們就會訓練模型，根據人工語言網絡對這1000個句子的反應，來預測人類語言網絡對任何新句子的反應)”以及第三段“Theresearchersthenusedthemodeltodetermine500newsentencesthatwoulddrivehighestbrainactivityandsentencesthatwouldmakethebrainlessactive,andtheirfindingswereconfirmedinsubsequenthumanparticipants.Tounderstandwhycertainsentencesgeneratestrongerbrainresponses,themodelexaminedthesentencesbasedon11differentlanguagecharacteristics.(然后，研究人員用這個模型確定了500個能激發(fā)大腦最高活動的新句子和能讓大腦不那么活躍的句子，他們的發(fā)現在隨后的人類參與者中得到了證實。為了理解為什么某些句子會產生更強烈的大腦反應，該模型根據11種不同的語言特征檢查了這些句子)”可知，人工智能模型在本研究中的作用是識別語言特征。故選D項。15．推理判斷題。根據第三段“Theresearchersthenusedthemodeltodetermine500newsentencesthatwoulddrivehighestbrainactivityandsentencesthatwouldmakethebrainlessactive,andtheirfindingswereconfirmedinsubsequenthumanparticipants.Tounderstandwhycertainsentencesgeneratestrongerbrainresponses,themodelexaminedthesentencesbasedon11differentlanguagecharacteristics.Theanalysisrevealedthatsentencesthatweremoresurprisingresultedingreaterbrainactivity.Anotherlinguistic(語言的)aspectthatcorrelatedwiththebrain’slanguagenetworkresponseswasthecomplexityofthesentences,whichwasdeterminedbyhowwelltheyfollowedEnglishgrammarrulesandbowlogicallytheylinkedwitheachother.(然后，研究人員用這個模型確定了500個能激發(fā)大腦最高活動的新句子和能讓大腦不那么活躍的句子，他們的發(fā)現在隨后的人類參與者中得到了證實。為了理解為什么某些句子會產生更強烈的大腦反應，該模型根據11種不同的語言特征檢查了這些句子。分析顯示，更令人驚訝的句子會導致更大的大腦活動。另一個與大腦語言網絡反應相關的語言方面是句子的復雜性，這取決于他們遵循英語語法規(guī)則的程度以及彼此之間的邏輯聯系)”可知，研究人員通過對實驗數據的分析來進行他們的研究。故選C項。16．主旨大意題。根據第一段“Withthehelpfromanartificiallanguage(AL)model,MITneuroscientistshavediscoveredwhatkindofsentencesaremostlikelytofireupthebrain’skeylanguageprocessingcenters.(在人工語言(AL)模型的幫助下，麻省理工學院的神經科學家們發(fā)現了哪種句子最有可能激活大腦的關鍵語言處理中心)”以及縱觀全文可知，本文主要講述了MIT神經科學家利用人工語言模型進行的一項新研究，揭示了哪種類型的句子最有可能激發(fā)大腦關鍵的語言處理中心，所以C項“ALModelRevealstheSecretsofBrainActivation(人工智能模型揭示了大腦激活的秘密)”是本文最好的標題。故選C項。5.（2024·山東·一模）Cafeteriashavebeenfilledwithchallenges—rightfromplanning,purchasing,andpreparing,toreducingwaste,stayingonbudget,managinggoods,andtrainingstaff.Throughthetediousprocess,restaurateurslackedaunifiedplatformforefficientmanagement.Tobringconsistencytotheunorganisedcatering(餐飲)industry,childhoodfriendsArjunSubramanianandRajJain,whosharedapassionforinnovation,decidedtopartnerin2019toexploreopportunitiesinthecafeteriaindustry.InMay2020,theyco-foundedPlatos,aone-stopsolutionforrestaurantswithacustomtechnologykittostreamlineallaspectsofcafeteriamanagement.Thecompanyoffersend-to-endcafeteriamanagement,staffselectionandfoodtrialstoensuresmoothoperationsandconsistentservice.“WebelievestartupssolverealproblemsandPlatosisourshotatmakingdailyworkplacefoodenjoyableagain.Weaimtosimplifythediningexperience,

providingaconvenientandefficientsolutionthatbenefitsbothrestaurateursandcustomersandcreatingaconnectedecosystem,”saysSubramanian,CEOandco-founder.Platosguaranteesthatatechnology-drivencafeteriaallowscustomerstoorder,pay,pickup,andprovideratingsandfeedback.Italsooffersgoodsandmenumanagementtoeffectivelyperformdailyoperations.Additionally,itsapplicationsconnectallshareholdersforasmartcafeteriaexperience.“Wehelpbusinessesthatareintocateringonconditionthattheyhaveaccesstoanindustrialkitchensetupwherethey’remakingfoodaccordingtocertainstandards,”Jainstates.Sincethebeginning,Platosclaimstohavetransformed45cafeteriasacrosseightcitiesinthecountry.Currently,ithasover45,000monthlyusersplacingmorethan200,000orders.Despitefacingchallengesinlaunchingcafeteriasacrossmajorcitiesintheinitialstages,Platoshasexperienceda15%increaseinitsmonth-over-monthprofits.Asforfutureplans,thestartupislookingtoraise$1millionfrominvestorsasstrategicpartners,bringingincapital,expertise,andnetworks.“Findingtherightleadinvestoristhecompassthatpointsyourstartuptowardsuccess,”Subramaniansays.17．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tedious”inParagraph1mean?A．Time-consuming. B．Breath-taking.C．Heart-breaking. D．Energy-saving.18．WhatisthepurposeoffoundingPlatos?A．Toconnectcustomerswithagreenerecosystem.B．Toensurefoodsecurityandvarietyincafeterias.C．Toimprovecafeteriamanagementwithtechnology.D．Tomakestaffselectionmoreefficientandenjoyable.19．WhatcanwelearnfromthestatisticsinParagraph4?A．Platoshasachieveditsultimatefinancialgoal.B．Platoshasgainedimpressivemarketingprogress.C．Challengesinfoodindustrycanbeeasilyovercome.D．Tech-drivencafeteriashavecoveredmosturbanareas.20．WhatisSubramanian’sfutureplanforPlatos?A．Toreducecosts. B．Toincreaseprofits.C．Toseekinvestment. D．Toinnovatetechnology.【正確答案】17．A18．C19．B20．C【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了Platos這個創(chuàng)業(yè)公司的起源、業(yè)務模式、發(fā)展歷程以及未來規(guī)劃。17．詞句猜測題。根據劃線詞上文“Cafeteriashavebeenfilledwithchallenges—rightfromplanning,purchasing,andpreparing,toreducingwaste,stayingonbudget,managinggoods,andtrainingstaff.(自助餐廳充滿了挑戰(zhàn)——從計劃、采購和準備，到減少浪費、保持預算、管理商品和培訓員工)”可知，自助餐廳的流程和繁瑣。由此推知，劃線詞tedious是“繁瑣的”意思，和A項意思相近。故選A項。18．推理判斷題。根據第二段“InMay2020,theyco-foundedPlatos,aone-stopsolutionforrestaurantswithacustomtechnologykittostreamlineallaspectsofcafeteriamanagement.Thecompanyoffersend-to-endcafeteriamanagement,staffselectionandfoodtrialstoensuresmoothoperationsandconsistentservice.“WebelievestartupssolverealproblemsandPlatosisourshotatmakingdailyworkplacefoodenjoyableagain.Weaimtosimplifythediningexperience,

providingaconvenientandefficientsolutionthatbenefitsbothrestaurateursandcustomersandcreatingaconnectedecosystem,”saysSubramanian,CEOandco-founder.(2020年5月，他們共同創(chuàng)立了Platos，這是一個一站式解決方案，為餐廳提供定制技術套件，以簡化自助餐廳管理的各個方面。該公司提供端到端的自助餐廳管理、員工選擇和食品試驗，以確保順利運營和始終如一的服務?！拔覀兿嘈艅?chuàng)業(yè)公司能解決真正的問題，而Platos是我們讓日常工作場所的食物再次變得美味的機會。我們的目標是簡化用餐體驗，提供方便高效的解決方案，使餐館老板和顧客都受益，并創(chuàng)造一個互聯的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，”首席執(zhí)行官兼聯合創(chuàng)始人Subramanian說)”可推知，創(chuàng)立Platos的目的是用科技改善食堂管理。故選C項。19．推理判斷題。根據第四段“Sincethebeginning,Platosclaimstohavetransformed45cafeteriasacrosseightcitiesinthecountry.Currently,ithasover45,000monthlyusersplacingmorethan200,000orders.Despitefacingchallengesinlaunchingcafeteriasacrossmajorcitiesintheinitialstages,Platoshasexperienceda15%increaseinitsmonth-over-monthprofits.(從一開始，Platos就聲稱已經改變了全國8個城市的45家自助餐廳。目前，它的月用戶超過4.5萬，訂單超過20萬。盡管在最初階段在主要城市開設自助餐廳面臨挑戰(zhàn)，但Platos的月利潤環(huán)比增長了15%)”可推知，統(tǒng)計數據顯示Platos在市場營銷方面取得了令人矚目的進展。故選B項。20．推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Asforfutureplans,thestartupislookingtoraise$1millionfrominvestorsasstrategicpartners,bringingincapital,expertise,andnetworks.“Findingtherightleadinvestoristhecompassthatpointsyourstartuptowardsuccess,”Subramaniansays.(至于未來的計劃，這家初創(chuàng)公司希望從作為戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴的投資者那里籌集100萬美元，帶來資金、專業(yè)知識和網絡?！罢业胶线m的領投人是指引你的創(chuàng)業(yè)公司走向成功的指南針，”薩勃拉曼尼亞說)”可推知，薩勃拉曼尼亞對Platos的未來計劃是尋求投資。故選C項。6.（2024·湖北·二模）NeuroengineerSilvestroMiceradevelopsadvancedtechnologicalsolutionstohelppeopleregainsensoryandmotorfunctionsthathavebeenlostduetoinjuryeventsorneurologicaldisorders.Untilnow,hehasneverbeforeworkedonstrengtheningthehumanbodyandcognitionwiththehelpoftechnology.NowinastudypublishedinScienceRobotics,Miceraandhisteamreportonhowdiaphragm(隔膜)movementcanbemonitoredforsuccessfulcontrolofanextraarm,essentiallyaugmentingahealthyindividualwithathird-robotic-arm.Forfurtherexploration,theresearchersfirstbuiltavirtualenvironmenttotestahealthyuser’scapacitytocontrolavirtualarmusingmovementofhisorherdiaphragm.Theyfoundthatdiaphragmcontroldoesnotinterferewithactionslikecontrollingone’sphysiological(生理的)arms,one’sspeechorgaze.Inthisvirtualrealitysetup,theuserisequippedwithabeltthatmeasuresdiaphragmmovement.Wearingavirtualrealityheadset,theuserseesthreearms:therightarmandhand,theleftarmandhand,andathirdarmbetweenthetwowithasymmetric(對稱),six-fingeredhand.Inthevirtualenvironment,theuseristhenhintedtoreachoutwitheitherthelefthand,therighthand,orinthemiddlewiththesymmetrichand.Intherealenvironment,theuserholdsontoanexoskeleton(外骨骼)withbotharms,whichallowsforcontrolofthevirtualleftandrightarms.Movementdetectedbythebeltaroundthediaphragmisusedforcontrollingthevirtualmiddle,symmetricarm.Thesetupwastestedon61healthysubjects(受試者)inover150sessions.Previousstudiesregardingthecontrolofroboticarmshavebeenfocusedonhelpingthedisabled.ThelatestScienceRoboticsstudyisastepbeyondrepairingthehumanbodytowardsaugmentation.“Ournextstepistoexploretheuseofmorecomplexroboticd