汽車(chē)運(yùn)用工程課設(shè)

計(jì)算過(guò)程計(jì)算結(jié)果第1章汽車(chē)原始數(shù)據(jù)、技術(shù)參數(shù)1.12010款?yuàn)W迪Q52.0L越野車(chē)技術(shù)參數(shù)根本參數(shù)數(shù)值單位裝載質(zhì)量300Kg整備質(zhì)量1100Kg總質(zhì)量1400Kg車(chē)輪半徑0316m傳動(dòng)系效率0.91滾動(dòng)阻力系數(shù)0.011空氣阻力系數(shù)*迎風(fēng)面積0.3*2.2319m2主減速器速比4.25飛輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量0.16Kg*m2前輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量1.6Kg*m2后輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量1.6Kg*m2軸距2.578m質(zhì)心至前軸距離1.463m質(zhì)心高度0.58m發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)型號(hào)EA888一檔速比3.46二檔速比1.94三檔速比1.37四檔速比1.03五檔速比0.8511.2發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外特性曲線圖 圖1-2發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外特性曲線計(jì)算內(nèi)容計(jì)算結(jié)果1.2發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外特性曲線圖 圖1-2奧迪A1.8L發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外特性曲線發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外特性曲線圖2計(jì)算內(nèi)容計(jì)算結(jié)果第2章轎車(chē)動(dòng)力性的分析計(jì)算2.1汽車(chē)動(dòng)力性的計(jì)算繪制驅(qū)動(dòng)力-行駛阻力平衡圖〔1〕變速器下各檔的速度轉(zhuǎn)換其中：為車(chē)輪滾動(dòng)半徑，m;為發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速，r/min；為主減速速比；為變速箱各檔速比，，為檔位數(shù)，在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外特性〔轉(zhuǎn)矩-轉(zhuǎn)速〕曲線上選取8個(gè)點(diǎn)，在根據(jù)公式算出各檔驅(qū)動(dòng)輪的對(duì)應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)速?！?〕各檔轉(zhuǎn)矩與牽引力的轉(zhuǎn)換汽車(chē)的牽引力：x=y+z/e其中：為對(duì)應(yīng)不同轉(zhuǎn)速下發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)輸出使用扭矩，N?m；為傳動(dòng)效率。在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外特性〔轉(zhuǎn)矩-轉(zhuǎn)速〕曲線上選取8個(gè)點(diǎn)，將對(duì)應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)矩值代入公式算出各檔驅(qū)動(dòng)輪的對(duì)應(yīng)的驅(qū)動(dòng)力?！?〕汽車(chē)的空氣阻力與滾動(dòng)阻力之和其中：FW為空氣阻力；為空氣阻力系數(shù)；A為汽車(chē)迎風(fēng)面積〔㎡〕。3計(jì)算內(nèi)容計(jì)算結(jié)果其中：＝mg為滿載汽車(chē)總重(N)，為滾動(dòng)阻力系數(shù)汽車(chē)的行駛阻力之和Fr為:〔4〕根本數(shù)據(jù)表轉(zhuǎn)速與車(chē)速轉(zhuǎn)速車(chē)速1檔2檔3檔4檔5檔150017.5612.1521930.6909440.8219349.46657200023.4116.2029240.9212554.4292465.95543250029.2620.2536651.1515768.0365582.44429300035.1224.3043961.3818881.6438698.93315350040.9728.3551271.6121995.25117115.422400046.8232.4058581.84251108.8585131.9109450052.6836.4565892.07282122.4658148.3997500058.5340.50731102.3031136.0731164.8886550064.3844.55804112.5334149.6804181.3774轉(zhuǎn)矩與驅(qū)動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)矩M驅(qū)動(dòng)力F1檔2檔3檔4檔5檔25010703.016001.1084237.8963186.1552629.35128011987.376721.2414746.4433568.4942944.87328011987.376721.2414746.4433568.4942944.87328011987.376721.2414746.4433568.4942944.87328011987.376721.2414746.4433568.4942944.87328011987.376721.2414746.4433568.4942944.87328011987.376721.2414746.4433568.4942944.87328011987.376721.2414746.4433568.4942944.8732319889.5785545.0233915.8162944.0072429.5212108990.5255040.933559.8322676.372208.6554Vamax=190km/himax=0.45計(jì)算過(guò)程計(jì)算結(jié)果車(chē)速滾動(dòng)阻力空氣阻力行駛阻力0150.920150.9220154.025312.90894166.934340163.341451.63574214.977160178.8681116.1804295.048680200.6056206.543407.1486100228.5537322.7234551.2771120262.7126464.7217727.4343140303.0821632.5379935.62160349.6624826.17191175.834驅(qū)動(dòng)力與行駛力5計(jì)算過(guò)程計(jì)算結(jié)果最高車(chē)速與最大爬坡度的計(jì)算1〕最高車(chē)速計(jì)算最高車(chē)速是指汽車(chē)在平直、良好道路上所能到達(dá)的平均最高行駛車(chē)速。a理論最高車(chē)速計(jì)算只有當(dāng)汽車(chē)的驅(qū)動(dòng)力與行駛阻力平衡時(shí)，車(chē)速才到達(dá)最高。根據(jù)最高檔驅(qū)動(dòng)力與行駛阻力平衡方程可得=+帶入原始數(shù)據(jù)可求得求解=215.6km/h。這個(gè)即為理論最高車(chē)速。b實(shí)際最高車(chē)速由汽車(chē)驅(qū)動(dòng)力-阻力平衡圖可知，當(dāng)五檔的驅(qū)動(dòng)力曲線與阻力曲線相交時(shí)對(duì)應(yīng)橫坐標(biāo)的車(chē)速即為汽車(chē)的實(shí)際最高車(chē)速為209km/h〔2〕最大爬坡度汽車(chē)最大爬坡度是指汽車(chē)在良好路面克服〔Ff+FW〕后剩余全部動(dòng)力用來(lái)克服坡度阻力時(shí)所能爬上的最大坡度imax。Fi=Gsinаmax=Ft-(Ff+FW)аmax=Sin-1[Ft-(Ff+FW)/G]由平衡圖可得Ft-(Ff+FW)=4044.4，可算得аmax=17.74oimax=Tanаmax=0.326=215.6km/hаoimax=0.47計(jì)算過(guò)程計(jì)算結(jié)果繪制動(dòng)力因數(shù)特性曲線圖〔1〕動(dòng)力因素的計(jì)算同理，在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外特性曲線上選取6個(gè)點(diǎn)〔與上面的相同〕，計(jì)算對(duì)應(yīng)的驅(qū)動(dòng)力與空氣阻力，然后根據(jù)公式5算出各檔對(duì)應(yīng)的動(dòng)力因素點(diǎn)。數(shù)據(jù)表所示?！?〕滾動(dòng)阻力系數(shù)確實(shí)定f=f0(1+ua2/19440)取f0=0.014據(jù)公式6算出對(duì)應(yīng)車(chē)速下的滾動(dòng)阻力系數(shù)，見(jiàn)數(shù)據(jù)表:轉(zhuǎn)速空氣阻力Fw1檔2檔3檔4檔5檔1500152.0665154.3845158.2326163.8571169.91652000152.9582157.079163.9202173.9193184.69162500154.1046160.5435171.2327186.8564203.68813000155.5059164.7779180.1703202.6685226.90613500157.1619169.7821190.733221.3554254.34554000159.0726175.5562202.9206242.9173286.00644500161.2382182.1002216.7333267.3541321.88875000163.6585189.414232.1709294.6658361.99255500166.3336197.4978249.2336324.8524406.31786200170.5067210.1084275.8515371.9435475.46517計(jì)算過(guò)程計(jì)算結(jié)果轉(zhuǎn)速n動(dòng)力因素D1檔2檔3檔4檔5檔15000.991730.5547290.3902790.2917750.23932120001.1104980.6208790.4365050.325980.26706125001.1101220.6202260.4355560.3247180.26553130001.1097460.6195720.4346070.3234550.26400235001.109370.6189190.4336580.3221930.26247240001.1089950.6182660.4327090.3209310.26094345001.1086190.6176130.431760.3196690.25941350001.1082430.616960.4308110.3184060.25788455000.9132670.5071950.3528090.2592140.20854862000.8293410.4595190.3184580.232620.185918車(chē)速Va020406080100120140160滾動(dòng)阻力系數(shù)f0.0140.0142880.0151520.0165930.0186090.0212020.024370.0281150.032436動(dòng)力因素特性曲線8計(jì)算過(guò)程計(jì)算結(jié)果繪制加速度倒數(shù)曲線圖〔1〕各檔汽車(chē)旋轉(zhuǎn)質(zhì)量換算系數(shù)б確實(shí)定其中：IW為車(chē)輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量〔IW=1.6〕If飛輪的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量〔If=0.16〕將數(shù)據(jù)代入公式可得〔2〕各檔加速度確實(shí)定其中Di-f汽車(chē)動(dòng)力因素特性曲線中選取6個(gè)點(diǎn)讀出，在將各檔的f、D代入求得對(duì)應(yīng)的加速度?！?〕各檔加速度倒數(shù)確實(shí)定將上面求得的各個(gè)檔位的加速度求倒數(shù)，就能得到相應(yīng)的數(shù)值?！?〕得根本數(shù)據(jù)表: 9б1=1.013б2=1.013б3=1.013б4=1.013б5=1.013計(jì)算過(guò)程計(jì)算結(jié)果1檔加速度2檔加速度3檔加速度4檔加速度5檔加速度7.269184.0994823.4050232.5584182.0676628.1512844.5958893.8097012.8432152.275548.1472094.5833313.7768412.7857152.1904488.1422284.5679823.7366792.7154382.0864478.1363424.5498433.6892142.6323821.9635368.129554.5289133.6344482.5365491.8217168.1218524.5051923.5723792.4279391.6609878.1132494.4786813.5030082.306551.4813486.6577943.6226272.7236171.634170.8351676.0232683.2201922.3028421.1942080.3335891/a11/a21/a31/a41/a50.1375670.2439330.2936840.3908660.4836380.122680.2175860.2624880.3517150.4394560.1227410.2181820.2647720.3589740.4565280.1228170.2189150.2676170.3682650.4792840.1229050.2197880.271060.3798840.5092850.1230080.2208040.2751450.3942360.5489330.1231250.2219660.2799250.4118720.6020520.1232550.223280.2854690.4335480.6750610.15020.2760430.3671590.6119311.1973650.1660230.310540.4342460.8373752.997697繪制加速度倒數(shù)曲線10計(jì)算過(guò)程計(jì)算結(jié)果繪制二檔起步加速的車(chē)速-時(shí)間曲線1〕加速時(shí)間計(jì)算公式由加速度曲線可知，二檔時(shí)加速度變化不大，故可認(rèn)為是常數(shù)，即1/a為常數(shù)，那么2〕根本數(shù)據(jù)速度變化Km/h25-4545-6060-7575-9090105105-120加速時(shí)間s3.37084.37125.52946.68758.531710.1765累加時(shí)間s5.43268.803413.174625.391133.922844.09933〕繪制表格11t1=3.37st2=4.37st3=5.53st4=6.6875st5=8.53st6=10.18s計(jì)算結(jié)果第三章汽車(chē)經(jīng)濟(jì)性的計(jì)算3．1根本數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算經(jīng)濟(jì)性根本數(shù)據(jù)表ner/min200025003000350040004500ua5km/h65.9554382.4442998.93315115.422131.9109148.3997beg/(kw/h)285273271290310332Pekw60698498118131QeL/100km29.2163625.7471125.9290931.2495533.0260736.215993.2最高檔等速百公里油耗計(jì)算其中：為燃料的密度〔kg/L〕；g為重力加速度(m/s2)，對(duì)于汽油來(lái)說(shuō)，g可取7.3N/L代入