寧夏吳忠市2024-2025學(xué)年高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期開(kāi)學(xué)第一次月考試題含解析

Page272023-2024學(xué)年高三年級(jí)開(kāi)學(xué)第一次月考英語(yǔ)試卷(試卷滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘)第一部分：聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分20分)第一節(jié)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A，B，C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置，聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題，每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Tourguideandtourist.B.Ticketsellerandtourist.C.Flightattendantandpassenger.2.Howwillthemangotoschool?A.Bycar.B.OnfootC.Bybike.3.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Getareceipt.B.Depositherluggage.C.Purchasesomeproducts.4.InwhichdepartmentdoesMrs.Laurenwork?A.Thesalesdepartment.B.Themanagementdepartment.CThehumanresourcesdepartment.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.ThesizeoftheLincolnPark.B.ThelocationoftheLincolnPark.C.TheshortcuttotheLincolnPark.其次節(jié)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.HowtallistheEiffelTower?A.About230meters.B.About320metersC.About430meters.7.Whatistheman’sattitudetowardsGustaveEiffel?A.Confusing.B.ForgivingC.Admiring.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.Whendidthemanstarttohaveafever?A.Yesterdayafternoon.B.LastnightC.Thismorning.9.Whatwillthemanprobablydofirst?A.Takesomemedicine.B.Fillintheregistrationslip.C.GototheMedicalDepartment.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatworkistherestaurantoffering?A.Servingthefood.B.Washingthedishes.C.Answeringthephone.11.Howdoesthewomanfeelabouttheworkinghours?A.Worried.B.Satisfied.C.Disappointed.12.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantogetfromhertutor?A.Aworkpermit.B.Aleavenote.C.Anapplicationform.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whoisthewoman?A.ThechairoftheYouthCouncil.B.TheaccountantoftheYouthCouncil.C.TheadministratoroftheYouthCouncil.14.WhydoesthemanwanttojointheYouthCouncil?A.TolearnfromStephanie.B.Togainexperienceinit.C.Togettodiscusslocalissues.15.WhichagegroupistheYouthCouncilfor?A.The13-18agegroup.B.The12-16agegroup.C.The10-15agegroup.16.WherewillthemanprobablystayonSaturdaynight?A.Inahostel.B.Athisparents’C.Inthecouncil’sflat.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whichisthemostpopularamongvisitors?A.Thesculpturegallery.B.The19thcenturypaintings.C.The20thand21stcenturypaintings.18.Howwasthemuseumstarted?A.Byartistsdonatingworks.B.Byhistoriansraisingmoney.C.Byordinarypeople’sdiscovery.19.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthecollectionofcoins?A.Itisafocusedcollection.B.Ithascoinsmade2,000yearsago.C.Ithascoinsfromallovertheworld.20.Whatwillthespeakerprobablytalkaboutnext?A.Themuseum’srepairwork.B.Themuseum’slonghistory.C.Themuseum’spublicfacilities.其次部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)：(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ACheapandevenfreevolunteeringprogramsareeverywhere.Don’tworryaboutabudgetthatmaystopyoufromvolunteeringabroad!KindredSpiritElephantSanctuary(愛(ài)護(hù)區(qū))istherightplaceforyou.HighlightsVolunteerwithelephantsandbringthembackintotheirnaturalhabitat.Makeadifferenceintheconservationeffortstosaveelephantslivingunderawfulconditions.HelpteachEnglishtothecommunitiesandraiseawarenessaboutthecaptive(圈養(yǎng)的)elephantsituation.Wandertheforestsandobserveelephant’snaturalbehavioursintheirhomeenvironment.OurSanctuaryOursanctuaryhasrescued5elephantsfromthetourismindustryandwehavenowbroughtthemhometoliveouttheirlivesintheforest,insemi-wildconditions.Weneedvolunteerstohelpuskeeptheseelephantshappyandhealthyintheirnaturalhabitat.Withvolunteersupport.wehopetoreturnmoreelephantstotheforestsoon.YourtasksPerformingresearchonthenaturalelephantbehavioursandthesurroundingforest.TakingpartincommunityprojectssuchasteachingEnglishattheschoolandtootherlocals.Carryingoutlitterpick-upswiththekidstoeducateonwastemanagement.YourRoughSchedule:Day1:PickupfromChiangMaiat9am.Travelthroughanationalparkandstunningmountainsuntilyouarriveinouruniquevillage.Meetyourhomestayfamilyandtheothervolunteers,andimmerseyourselfinhilltribeculture.Day2:Wakeupearlytohikeintheforestandfindourelephants.Spendthemorningrecordingandlearningabouttheseamazinganimalsandtheirnaturalbehaviours.Returntothevillageinthelateafternoonandtakepartinourcommunity&teachingprojects.Day3:Anotherearlystarttoliketoobserveourelephantsonelasttime.ReturntoChiangMaiintheafternoon.1.Whichofthefollowinghighlightsthevolunteerworkatthesanctuary?A.Lookingaftercaptiveelephants.B.Seekingelephantsinnaturalforests.C.Learninglocalcommunities’folkarts.D.Savingelephantsinpoorenvironment.2.Whatshouldyoudoasavolunteer?A.Establishexperimentalbases.B.Promoteeducationalprograms.C.Enhanceculturalexchange.D.Startanti-povertyprojects.3.Whatshouldyoukeepinmindifyouwanttovolunteerthere?A.Youshouldhavegoodabilityofhiking.B.Youcanchooseyourowntransportation.C.Youmaycamponthemountainfordays.D.Youmustbefamiliarwithlocallanguages.【答案】1D2.B3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了KindredSpirit大象愛(ài)護(hù)區(qū)志愿活動(dòng)項(xiàng)目的活動(dòng)亮點(diǎn)、工作任務(wù)和簡(jiǎn)要日程等信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)Highlights部分的“Makeadifferenceintheconservationeffortstosaveelephantslivingunderawfulconditions.(在愛(ài)護(hù)工作中發(fā)揮作用，挽救生活在惡劣條件下的大象)”可知，挽救環(huán)境惡劣的大象是愛(ài)護(hù)區(qū)志愿者工作的亮點(diǎn)之一。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)Yourtasks部分的“TakingpartincommunityprojectssuchasteachingEnglishattheschoolandtootherlocals.(參與社區(qū)項(xiàng)目，如在學(xué)?；蚪o其他當(dāng)?shù)厝私逃⒄Z(yǔ))”可知，參與提升當(dāng)?shù)亟袒幕顒?dòng)是志愿活動(dòng)任務(wù)之一。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)YourRoughSchedule部分的“Day2:Wakeupearlytohikeintheforestandfindourelephants.Spendthemorningrecordingandlearningabouttheseamazinganimalsandtheirnaturalbehaviours.(其次天：早起在森林里徒步旅行，找到我們的大象?；ㄒ粋€(gè)上午的時(shí)間記錄和學(xué)習(xí)這些奇妙的動(dòng)物和它們的自然行為)”和“Day3:Anotherearlystarttoliketoobserveourelephantsonelasttime.(第三天：又一次早起，最終一次視察我們的大象)”可知，志愿者須要在森林中徒步找尋和視察大象。所以假如你想在那里做志愿者，你應(yīng)當(dāng)記住你應(yīng)當(dāng)有很好的徒步旅行實(shí)力。故選A。BFitzGeraldisa16-year-oldlong-distancerunnerfromDevon,England,whohassetanationalrecordintheunder-17s3,000meters,butnowshe’sgettingnoticedforhercommitmenttosavingtheplanet.FitzGeraldfinishedfourthintheunder-20sraceattheEuropeanCrossCountryChampionshipsinItalylastDecember,butherjourneytogettheremadeitevenmoreimpressive.ToreachTurininItaly,FitzGeraldcouldhavetakenaquickflight.However,flyingreleasescarbondioxide.Instead,shetookanovernightcoachtoLilleinFrance,thentrainstofirstParis,thenTurin,cyclingbetweenstations.Despitehertiringjourney,shebeatathletesthreeyearsolderthanher.FitzGeraldturneddownthechancetocompeteattheWorldAthleticsCrossCountryChampionshipsinBathurst,Australia.ShetoldAthleticsWeeklymagazinethatthedecisionwasn’teasybutthattravellingfillsher“withdeepconcern”.“TohavetheopportunitytocompeteforGreatBritaininAustraliaisaprivilege,”FitzGeraldsaid.“However,Iwouldneverbecomfortableflyingintheknowledgethatpeoplecouldbelosingtheirlivelihoods,homesandlovedonesasaresult.TheleastIcandoisvoicemysolidarity(團(tuán)結(jié)一樣)withthosesufferingonthefrontlineofclimatebreakdown.”FitzGerald’srefusaltoflyhasledpeopletocomparehertotheclimateactivistThunberg,whooncetravelledtoNewYorkbyboat.FitzGeraldcouldtravelbyshiptoAustralia,butitwouldtakehermorethanamonthtogetthere.FitzGeraldknowsherchoicetoputtheneedsoftheEarthfirstcouldaffectherathleticscareer,butshehastoactasifit’sanemergency.ChampionsforEarth,anorganizationforenvironmentally-friendlyathletes,said:“Sheislookingforsponsorsandsupporterswhocanhelpherwiththemoreexpensivepublictransport,accommodationandeco-friendlykitthatsherequires.ItisclearthatFitzGeraldhasthesteelydeterminationandfocus,combinedwiththecourageandclaritytofacearealityquitedifferenttoathletesofpreviousgenerations.”4.WhydidFitzGeraldmakeheadlines?A.BecauseshechosegreentransportinsteadofaflighttoItaly.B.Becauseshemadeanationalrecordin3,000metersinEngland.C.Becauseshedevotedallhertimetoeco-environmentinEngland.D.BecauseshewonthechampioninthecrosscountryraceinItaly.5.WhatcausedFitzGeraldtorefusethecompetitioninAustralia?A.Ungreentravelling. B.TiringcompetinginItaly.C.Changeableclimateontheway. D.Affectedathleticscareer.6.WhatdoFitzGeraldandThunberghaveincommon?A.Actingimmediatelyifthereisanemergency.B.Preferringtakingtheshipinsteadoftheflight.C.Spendingalltheirlifeinprotectingtheenvironment.D.Choosingtheeco-friendlymeansoftransportation.7.WhichcanbestdescribeFitzGeraldaccordingtoChampionsforEarth?A.Honestandoutgoing. B.Determinedandconcentrated.C.Attractiveandmodest. D.Courageousandhumorous.【答案】4.A5.A6.D7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文，主要介紹了16歲的越野長(zhǎng)跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員FitzGerald是位環(huán)保主義者。為了削減碳排放，她不乘坐飛機(jī)，并因此放棄了在澳大利亞實(shí)行的越野長(zhǎng)跑競(jìng)賽?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段“FitzGeraldfinishedfourthintheunder-20sraceattheEuropeanCrossCountryChampionshipsinItalylastDecember,butherjourneytogettheremadeitevenmoreimpressive.ToreachTurininItaly,FitzGeraldcouldhavetakenaquickflight.However,flyingreleasescarbondioxide.Instead,shetookanovernightcoachtoLilleinFrance,thentrainstofirstParis,thenTurin,cyclingbetweenstations.Despitehertiringjourney,shebeatathletesthreeyearsolderthanher.(去年12月，菲茨杰拉德在意大利實(shí)行的歐洲越野錦標(biāo)賽上獲得了20歲以下年齡組競(jìng)賽的第四名，但她的旅程讓她的成果更加令人印象深刻。要到達(dá)意大利的都靈，菲茨杰拉德本可以快速飛行。然而，飛行會(huì)釋放二氧化碳。于是，她坐了一整夜的長(zhǎng)途汽車(chē)去了法國(guó)里爾，然后先坐火車(chē)去了巴黎，再去了都靈，在車(chē)站之間騎自行車(chē)。盡管路途乏累，她還是擊敗了比她大三歲的運(yùn)動(dòng)員)”可知，F(xiàn)itzGerald成為頭條新聞是因?yàn)樗x擇了綠色交通，而不是坐飛機(jī)去意大利。故選A?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段“However,Iwouldneverbecomfortableflyingintheknowledgethatpeoplecouldbelosingtheirlivelihoods,homesandlovedonesasaresult.TheleastIcandoisvoicemysolidarity(團(tuán)結(jié)一樣)withthosesufferingonthefrontlineofclimatebreakdown.(然而，假如我知道人們可能因此失去生計(jì)、家園和親人，我就恒久不會(huì)安心飛行。我至少可以表達(dá)我對(duì)那些在氣候崩潰前線受苦的人們的聲援)”可知，F(xiàn)itzGerald拒絕參與澳大利亞的競(jìng)賽，是因?yàn)槿ネ拇罄麃嗧氁俗w機(jī)，此交通方式不環(huán)保。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段“FitzGerald’srefusaltoflyhasledpeopletocomparehertotheclimateactivistThunberg,whooncetravelledtoNewYorkbyboat.(菲茨杰拉德拒絕坐飛機(jī)讓人們將她與氣候活動(dòng)家Thunberg同日而語(yǔ)，Thunberg曾乘船前往紐約)”和其次段的“ToreachTurininItaly,FitzGeraldcouldhavetakenaquickflight.However,flyingreleasescarbondioxide.Instead,shetookanovernightcoachtoLilleinFrance,thentrainstofirstParis,thenTurin,cyclingbetweenstations.(要到達(dá)意大利的都靈，菲茨杰拉德本可以快速飛行。然而，飛行會(huì)釋放二氧化碳。于是，她坐了一整夜的長(zhǎng)途汽車(chē)去了法國(guó)里爾，然后先坐火車(chē)去了巴黎，再去了都靈，在車(chē)站之間騎自行車(chē))”可知，菲茨杰拉德和Thunberg的共同之處是他們都選擇環(huán)保的交通工具。故選D?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段內(nèi)容“ItisclearthatFitzGeraldhasthesteelydeterminationandfocus,combinedwiththecourageandclaritytofacearealityquitedifferenttoathletesofpreviousgenerations.(很明顯，菲茨杰拉德有著鋼鐵般的決心和專(zhuān)注力，再加上志氣和清楚，能夠面對(duì)與前幾代運(yùn)動(dòng)員迥然不同的現(xiàn)實(shí))”可知，F(xiàn)itzGerald是有決心和專(zhuān)注的，可用determined和concentrated描述她，故選B。CCanceriscausedbygenemutations(突變)thataccumulateincellsovertime,yetlong-livedanimalsthathavelotsofcells,suchaselephantsandwhales,hardlyevergetit.Why?Forelephants,atleast,partoftheanswermaybethegenecommonlyknownasp53,whichalsohelpshumansandmanyotheranimalsrepairDNAdamagedduringreplication(復(fù)制).Elephantshaveanamazing20copiesofthisgene.Thosecopies,eachwithtwovariationsproduceatotalof40proteins,comparedwithhumans’(andmostanimals’)singlecopyproducingtwoproteins.Inmammals,p53playsacrucialroleinpreventingmutatedcellsfromturningintotumors(腫瘤).Itworksbypausingreplicationandtheneitherinitiatingrepairorcausingcellstoself-destructifthedamageistooextensive.Withoutactionfromp53,cancercaneasilytakehold:inmorethanhalfofallhumancancers,thegene’sfunctionhasbeenlostthroughrandommutations.Thescientistsvirtuallymodeledandstudiedcarefullyelephants’40p53proteins,findingtwowaysthegenecouldhelpelephantsavoidcancer.First,thefactthatelephantspossessmultiplecopieslowersthechanceofp53nolongerworkingbecauseofmutations.Additionally,elephants’p53copiesactivateinresponsetovaryingmutationsandsorespondtodamagedcellsdifferently,whichlikelygivesanedgewhendetectingandgettingridofmutations.These“remarkable”resultsimplythatelephantshaveaseriesofmeansthoughwhichp53canoperate,saysSueHaupt,acellbiologistwhowasnotinvolvedinthework.Thispointsto“excitingpossibilitiesforexploringpowerfulnewapproachestocancerprotectioninhumans,”sheadds.Studyco-authorRobinFahraeusandhiscolleaguesarenowfollowingupontheseresultsusingbloodsamplesfromanAfricanelephantattheViennaZoo.Theyareexploringhowitsp53proteinsinteractwithdamagedcellsandplantocomparethosefindingswithresultsfromhumancells.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“initiating”meaninparagraph3?A.Delaying. B.Indicating.C.Stopping. D.Starting.9.Howdop53copiesfreeelephantsfromcancer?A.Bypreventingthereplicationthoroughly.B.Byprovidingpreciseresponsecontinuously.C.Byloweringthechanceofmutationsinadvance.D.Byrepairingthedamagedcellsinthesameway.10.Whatcanweconcludefromthelast2paragraphs?A.Theresultsneedfurthertests.B.Morebiologistswillparticipateinthestudy.C.Theresultsthrowlightonhumans’fightingcancer.D.ResearchershavenewfindingsinAfricanelephants.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Whyelephantsdon’tgetcancer.B.Whatcontributestoelephants’longlife.C.Wheretheanticancerbreakthroughlies.D.Howthekeycancer-fightinggeneworks.【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講解并描述了為什么長(zhǎng)壽的動(dòng)物們不會(huì)患癌癥的問(wèn)題。【8題詳解】詞句揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)第三段第一句及劃線詞所在句“Inmammals,p53playsacrucialroleinpreventingmutatedcellsfromturningintotumors(腫瘤).Itworksbypausingreplicationandtheneitherinitiatingrepairorcausingcellstoself-destructifthedamageistooextensive.(在哺乳動(dòng)物中，p53在防止突變細(xì)胞變成腫瘤方面起著至關(guān)重要的作用。它的工作原理是暫停復(fù)制，然后要么initiating修復(fù)，要么在損傷過(guò)于廣泛時(shí)導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞自我毀滅)”可知，對(duì)于損傷過(guò)于廣泛的細(xì)胞，p53會(huì)讓細(xì)胞自我毀滅，因而對(duì)于可以修復(fù)的細(xì)胞，p53則會(huì)起先修復(fù)它。由此可知，劃線詞此處為“起先”含義。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段“Thescientistsvirtuallymodeledandstudiedcarefullyelephants’40p53proteins,findingtwowaysthegenecouldhelpelephantsavoidcancer.First,thefactthatelephantspossessmultiplecopieslowersthechanceofp53nolongerworkingbecauseofmutations.Additionally,elephants’p53copiesactivateinresponsetovaryingmutationsandsorespondtodamagedcellsdifferently,whichlikelygivesanedgewhendetectingandgettingridofmutations.(科學(xué)家們事實(shí)上建立了大象40種p53蛋白的模型，并細(xì)致探討了這些蛋白，發(fā)覺(jué)了這種基因可以幫助大象避開(kāi)癌癥的兩種方式。首先，大象擁有多個(gè)p53的副本的事實(shí)降低了p53由于突變而不再起作用的可能性。此外，大象的p53的副本對(duì)不同突變的反應(yīng)也不同，因此對(duì)受損細(xì)胞的反應(yīng)也不同，這可能在檢測(cè)和消退突變方面有優(yōu)勢(shì))”可知，p53對(duì)不同的突變的作用是不同的，即p53通過(guò)持續(xù)的針對(duì)不同的突變作出精確的回應(yīng)，進(jìn)而幫助大象避開(kāi)癌癥。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中“These“remarkable”resultsimplythatelephantshaveaseriesofmeansthoughwhichp53canoperate,saysSueHaupt,acellbiologistwhowasnotinvolvedinthework.Thispointsto“excitingpossibilitiesforexploringpowerfulnewapproachestocancerprotectioninhumans,”sheadds.(沒(méi)有參與這項(xiàng)工作的細(xì)胞生物學(xué)家蘇·豪普特(SueHaupt)說(shuō)，這些“非凡”的結(jié)果意味著，大象有一系列的方法可以讓p53起作用。她補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，這表明“探究強(qiáng)有力的人類(lèi)癌癥防護(hù)新方法的令人興奮的可能性”)”可知，這些非凡的結(jié)果意味著“探究強(qiáng)有力的人類(lèi)癌癥防護(hù)新方法的令人興奮的可能性”。由此推知，這些結(jié)果的發(fā)覺(jué)為人類(lèi)對(duì)抗癌癥供應(yīng)了線索。故選C?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，依據(jù)第一段“Canceriscausedbygenemutations(突變)thataccumulateincellsovertime,yetlong-livedanimalsthathavelotsofcells,suchaselephantsandwhales,hardlyevergetit.Why?(癌癥是由基因突變引起的，隨著時(shí)間的推移，基因突變積累在細(xì)胞中，然而長(zhǎng)壽的動(dòng)物有很多細(xì)胞，如大象和鯨魚(yú)，幾乎從來(lái)不會(huì)有癌癥。為什么？)”及其次段中“Forelephants,atleast,partoftheanswermaybethegenecommonlyknownasp53,whichalsohelpshumansandmanyotheranimalsrepairDNAdamagedduringreplication(復(fù)制).(至少對(duì)大象來(lái)說(shuō)，部分答案可能是通常被稱(chēng)為p53的基因，它也幫助人類(lèi)和很多其他動(dòng)物修復(fù)復(fù)制過(guò)程中受損的DNA)”可知，本文主要講解并描述了為什么長(zhǎng)壽的動(dòng)物們不會(huì)患癌癥的問(wèn)題。故選A。DOnlineeatingshows,orMukbang(直播吃飯),originatedinSouthKoreaandhavegainedpopularityglobally.Manyhostsofsuchshowshavebecomepopularfortheirabilitytoeatlargeamountsoffood.Buttheseshowshavealsoreceivedcriticismfortheirwasteoffood.Whilesomehostsactuallydoconsumetheamountoffoodshown,othersmaybefakingit.OnAug12,CCTVexposedseveralChinesehostswhowerepretendingtoeatlargeamountsoffoodwhileoncamera,butactuallylaterthrewitaway.Todiscouragethispractice,manyvideoandlivestreamingplatforms,includingDouyin,KuaishowandBilibili,haveremovedvideosthatshowfoodwaste,andhavepromotedmessagesto“stopfoodwasteandeatreasonably.”InJune2020,theUnitedNationswarnedthattheworldisonthevergeoftheworstfoodcrisisin50years.AccordingtotheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations,aboutathirdoftheworld’sfood-1.3billiontons-iswastedeveryyear.InChinaalone,50milliontonsoffoodendsupinlandfillseveryyear,accordingtoBeijingNews.Recently,campaignsagainstfoodwastehavebeenfurtherpromoted.InAugust,PresidentXiJinpingstressedtheneedforsafeguardingfoodsecurityandstoppingfoodwaste.AccordingtoChinaDaily,restaurantsandcateringassociationsinmorethan18provincesandall4municipalcitieshaveissuedguidelinestocontrolfoodwaste.InShanxiprovince,localrestaurantshavebeenaskedtoservehalfportionstoavoidwaste.TheWuhanCateringAssociationproposedthatrestaurantsadoptthe“N-1mode”.Forexample,agroupof10dinersshouldonlyorderenoughforninepeoplefirst.Morefoodisonlybroughttothetableifrequired.Inaddition,anationwide“ClearYourPlate”campaignhasbeenlaunchedonline.UsersofSinaWeiboareencouragedtosharephotosorvideosofemptyplatesafterfinishingtheirmeals.Meanwhile,newlawsarealsobeingconsidered,accordingtoChinadaily.“Wewillmakenewlawsthatgiveclearinstructionsonavoidingfoodwaste,”saidZhangGuilongfromthelegislativeAffairsCommitteeoftheNationalPeople’sCongress.Theinstructionswillbedetailedineveryyearoffoodproduction,purchasingstorage,transportation,processingandconsumption,accordingtoZhang.12.WhatisCCTV’sattitudetowardonlineeatingshows?A.Supportive. B.Critical. C.Objective. D.Unclear.13.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?A.Mostvideomediaarecontributingtostoppingfoodwaste.B.Weshouldeatupallthefoodonthetable.C.It’shardtocarryout"ClearYourPlatecampaign.D.Allthevideosthatshowfoodwastehavebeenremoved.14.Whatcanwedotoavoidfoodwaste?A.Wecanadoptthe“N+1mode”.B.Wecaneatmorefoodthanweneed.C.Wecanchoosenottowatchonlineeatingshows.D.Wecanasktherestaurantstoserveushalfportions.15.What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A.Onlineeatingshowsshouldbebanned.B.Newlawsshouldbemadetoavoidfoodwaste.C.Measuresarebeingtakentostopfoodwaste.D.Weshouldsharephotosorvideosofemptyplates.【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。介紹了直播吃飯存在食物奢侈的現(xiàn)象，近日直播平臺(tái)紛紛表態(tài)，相關(guān)的立法工作也在主動(dòng)開(kāi)展，全國(guó)各地也主動(dòng)響應(yīng)，杜絕“舌尖上的奢侈”?！?2題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第三段內(nèi)容“OnAug12,CCTVexposedseveralChinesehostswhowerepretendingtoeatlargeamountsoffoodwhileoncamera,butactuallylaterthrewitaway.”可知，在8月12日，央視曝光了幾個(gè)中國(guó)主播在鏡頭前假裝吃大量食物但后來(lái)卻把食物扔掉的行為。由此可推出央視對(duì)onlineeatingshows持“指責(zé)”的看法。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第四段內(nèi)容“Todiscouragethispractice,manyvideoandlivestreamingplatforms,includingDouyin,KuaishowandBilibili,haveremovedvideosthatshowfoodwaste,andhavepromotedmessagesto“stopfoodwasteandeatreasonably.””可知，為了阻擋虛假直播吃飯、奢侈糧食的行為，抖音、快手、嗶哩嗶哩等多家視頻和直播平臺(tái)已經(jīng)刪除了展示奢侈食物的視頻，并推出了“停止食物奢侈，合理飲食”的信息。由此可推出，視頻媒體正在為阻擋食物奢侈做著貢獻(xiàn)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第九段“InShanxiprovince,localrestaurantshavebeenaskedtoservehalfportionstoavoidwaste.”可知，在山西省，餐廳被要求供應(yīng)一半的食物重量來(lái)避開(kāi)奢侈?？芍?，為了避開(kāi)奢侈，我們可以要求餐廳給我們一半的重量。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了直播吃飯存在食物奢侈的現(xiàn)象，近日直播平臺(tái)紛紛表態(tài)，相關(guān)的立法工作也在主動(dòng)開(kāi)展，全國(guó)各地也主動(dòng)響應(yīng)，杜絕“舌尖上的奢侈”，故選C項(xiàng)。其次節(jié)：七選五(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中途出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Istoppedtowatchmylittlegirlbusyplayinginherroom.Inonehandwasaplasticphone,andintheotherhandwasatoybroom.Ilistenedasshespoketohermake-believe(假裝的)littlefriend.____16____Shesaid,“Suzie’sinthecornerbecauseshe’sbeenbehavingbadly.Shedidn’tlistentoanythingIsaid.”InthecomerIsawherbabydollalldressedinpink.Itwasobviousshe’dbeenputtositaloneandthink.____17____Shecontinued,“I’mfedup.Ijustdon’tknowwhattodowithher.ShecrieswheneverIhavetowork.SheneverletsmedothethingsthatIjusthavetodo.Shetriestohelpmewiththedishes.Andshedoesn’tknowhowtofoldtowels.____18____Ihavelotsofworktodoandabighousetokeepclean.Idon’thavethetimetositandplay.Don’tyouknowwhatImean?”ThatdayIthoughtalotaboutmakingsomechangesinmylife.____19____Ihadn’tbeenpayingenoughattentiontomydeardaughter.I’dbeencaughtupinresponsibilitiesthatincreasedthroughouttheyears.Butnowmyattitudehaschanged.I’veseentheworldinadifferentlightthroughmylittledarling’seyes.Soletthecobwebs(蜘蛛網(wǎng))havethecomersandthedustrulethefloor.I’mnotgoingtoworryaboutkeepingupwiththemanymore.____20____Wearegrantedonlyonechildhoodandwewillnevergetanother.A.Idon’thavethetimetoteachher.B.Herinnocentwordscutmelikeaknife.C.Mydaughterwastheonlychildinthefamilythen.D.I’mgoingtofillthehousewithmemoriesofachildandhermother.E.Mydaughtercontinuedher“conversation”asIsatdownonthefloor.F.AndI’llneverforgetthewordsshesaid,eventhoughtheywereimagined.G.Whatapityitisformetotreatherlikethat,forIamtheypersonshetrusts【答案】16.F17.E18.A19.B20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。文章主要講解并描述的是作者通過(guò)與女兒相處的一件小事明白了孩子的童年只有一個(gè)，從而確定放下手中種種，更好地陪伴女兒度過(guò)一個(gè)歡樂(lè)的童年?！?6題詳解】依據(jù)空前“Istoppedtowatchmylittlegirlbusyplayinginherroom.Inonehandwasaplasticphone,andintheotherhandwasatoybroom.Ilistenedasshespoketohermake-believe(假裝的)littlefriend.(我停下來(lái)看我的小女兒在她的房間里忙著玩。一只手拿著一個(gè)塑料電話，另一只手拿著一個(gè)玩具掃帚。我聽(tīng)著她和她虛構(gòu)的小摯友說(shuō)話。)”可知女兒一個(gè)人在自顧自地和虛構(gòu)的小摯友說(shuō)話玩耍，依據(jù)空后“Shesaid,“Suzie’sinthecornerbecauseshe’sbeenbehavingbadly.Shedidn’tlistentoanythingIsaid.”(她說(shuō)：“Suzie在角落里，因?yàn)樗冀K表現(xiàn)不好。我說(shuō)什么她都沒(méi)聽(tīng)進(jìn)去?！?”可知此處講的是女兒和虛構(gòu)的摯友之間的對(duì)話，空處承上啟下，所以空處應(yīng)當(dāng)講我聽(tīng)到女兒這些話時(shí)的反應(yīng)，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)AndI’llneverforgetthewordsshesaid,eventhoughtheywereimagined.(我恒久不會(huì)遺忘她說(shuō)的話，即使那是想象出來(lái)的。)指出作者聽(tīng)到女兒與虛構(gòu)的小摯友對(duì)話時(shí)的反應(yīng)，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選F項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】依據(jù)空后“Shecontinued,“I’mfedup.Ijustdon’tknowwhattodowithher.ShecrieswheneverIhavetowork.SheneverletsmedothethingsthatIjusthavetodo.Shetriestohelpmewiththedishes.Andshedoesn’tknowhowtofoldtowels.____3____Ihavelotsofworktodoandabighousetokeepclean.Idon’thavethetimetositandplay.Don’tyouknowwhatImean?”(她接著說(shuō)道，“我受夠了。我只是不知道該拿她怎么辦。我一上班她就哭。她從來(lái)不讓我做我必需做的事。她試著幫我洗碗。而且她不知道怎么疊毛巾。我沒(méi)時(shí)間教她。我有很多工作要做，還有一間大房子要打掃。我沒(méi)有時(shí)間坐下來(lái)玩。莫非你不明白我的意思嗎？”)”可知此處講的是女兒和虛構(gòu)小摯友的談話內(nèi)容，空處位于句首，所以空處應(yīng)當(dāng)講的是我聽(tīng)到女兒在接著著她和虛擬小摯友的談話。E項(xiàng)Mydaughtercontinuedher“conversation”asIsatdownonthefloor.(我在地板上坐下時(shí)，女兒接著她的“談話”。)指出我聽(tīng)到女兒在接著著她與小摯友的談話，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選E項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】依據(jù)空前““I’mfedup.Ijustdon’tknowwhattodowithher.ShecrieswheneverIhavetowork.SheneverletsmedothethingsthatIjusthavetodo.Shetriestohelpmewiththedishes.Andshedoesn’tknowhowtofoldtowels.(“我受夠了。我只是不知道該拿她怎么辦。我一上班她就哭。她從來(lái)不讓我做我必需做的事。她試著幫我洗碗。而且她不知道怎么疊毛巾。)”可知此處講的是女兒在對(duì)虛構(gòu)的小摯友訴說(shuō)Suzie讓她不滿的種種，依據(jù)空后“Ihavelotsofworktodoandabighousetokeepclean.Idon’thavethetimetositandplay.Don’tyouknowwhatImean?”(我有很多工作要做，還有一間大房子要打掃。我沒(méi)有時(shí)間坐下來(lái)玩。莫非你不明白我的意思嗎？”)”可知此處講的是女兒在告知虛構(gòu)的小摯友自己之所以不能坐下來(lái)陪伴Suzie是因?yàn)樽约河泻芏嗉覄?wù)要做，空處承上啟下，所以空處應(yīng)當(dāng)講女兒指出Suzie不會(huì)疊毛巾的緣由是因?yàn)樽约簺](méi)有時(shí)間教她，A項(xiàng)Idon’thavethetimetoteachher.(我沒(méi)時(shí)間教她。)指出Suzie不會(huì)疊毛巾的緣由是因?yàn)樽约簺](méi)有時(shí)間去教她，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】依據(jù)空前“ThatdayIthoughtalotaboutmakingsomechangesinmylife.(那天我想了很多，想要變更我的生活。)”可知聽(tīng)了女兒的話之后我想要作出變更，依據(jù)空后“Ihadn’tbeenpayingenoughattentiontomydeardaughter.I’dbeencaughtupinresponsibilitiesthatincreasedthroughouttheyears.(我沒(méi)有對(duì)我敬愛(ài)的女兒賜予足夠的關(guān)注。這些年來(lái)，我的責(zé)任越來(lái)越重。)”可知此處講的是女兒的話促使我進(jìn)行了自我反省，空處承上啟下，所以空處應(yīng)當(dāng)講的是女兒的話讓我有了觸動(dòng)，所以我確定進(jìn)行變更，B項(xiàng)Herinnocentwordscutmelikeaknife.(她天真的話語(yǔ)像刀一樣刺痛了我。)指出女兒天真的話讓我心靈受到觸動(dòng)，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】依據(jù)空前“Butnowmyattitudehaschanged.I’veseentheworldinadifferentlightthroughmylittledarling’seyes.Soletthecobwebs(蜘蛛網(wǎng))havethecomersandthedustrulethefloor.I’mnotgoingtoworryaboutkeepingupwiththemanymore.(但現(xiàn)在我的看法變更了。通過(guò)我敬愛(ài)的小珍寶的眼睛，我看到了一個(gè)不同的世界。所以讓蜘蛛網(wǎng)占據(jù)角落，讓灰塵統(tǒng)治地板。我再也不用擔(dān)憂如何跟上他們了。)”可知女兒的話讓決心變更我的生活，所以我再也不會(huì)在房間的整理方面投入太多精力，因?yàn)槲乙獙⒏嗟臅r(shí)間用來(lái)和女兒歡樂(lè)地相處，依據(jù)空后“Wearegrantedonlyonechildhood,andwewillnevergetanother.(我們的童年只有一次，而且恒久不會(huì)有其次次。)”可知作者意識(shí)到孩子的童年只有一次，所以應(yīng)當(dāng)賜予孩子更多的關(guān)注和陪伴，空處承上啟下，所以空處應(yīng)當(dāng)講的是我決心將更多的精力投入到女兒的成長(zhǎng)中，力爭(zhēng)在房間的每一個(gè)角落都留下母女美妙的回憶，D項(xiàng)I’mgoingtofillthehousewithmemoriesofachildandhermother.(我要用一個(gè)孩子和她媽媽的回憶填滿屋子。)指出作者確定作出變更，要用女兒和媽媽的回憶填滿房間，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)。第三部分：語(yǔ)言學(xué)問(wèn)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)：(共20小題;每小題15分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。TwoofthesaddestwordsintheEnglishlanguageare“ifonly”.Ilivemylifewiththe___21___ofneverhavingtosaythosewords.Thetwowords___22___regret,lostopportunities,mistakes,and___23___.Andsometimesthewords“ifonly”gowith___24___disasters.Thinkabouthowmanytimesyouhaveheardaboutsomethingawfulhappening,___25___by"ifonlyhehadcalledherbacktomakesureshewasokay.”or“ifonlyIhad___26___thatnoise...”Myfather-in-lawis___27___inourfamilyforsaying,“___28___anextraminutetodoitright.”Hemustbedoingsomething___29___,sinceheis91yearsoldandstilldoingthingsright.Ialways____30____tolivebythe“extraminute”rule.SometimesitonlytakessecondstomakesureIwritethewordsdown____31____,orchecksomeinformationontheInternet,ormoveanobject____32____beforeittrips（絆倒）someone.Andofcoursewhenmychildrenwereyoungand____33____tocauseallkindsoftroubles,Ilivedandstucktothe“extraminute”____34____.IalwaysthoughtaboutwhatIcoulddoto____35____an“ifonly”moment,whetheritwassomethingsimplelikemovingacupfullofhotcoffeeawayfromtheedgeofacounter,orsomethingthatrequiredalittlemoreworksuchastapingpadding(襯墊)ontothe____36____cornersofaglasstable.Iknowtherewillstillbe____37____whenIhavetosay“ifonly”aboutsomething,butmylifeissurelymorepeacefulbecauseofmyprincipleofdoingeverythingpossibletoavoidthat____38____.Andeventhoughittakesanextraminutetodosomethingright,oritoccasionallyta