初中英語國際音標(biāo)表語音知識以及針對性練習(xí)

英語音標(biāo)發(fā)音表英語國際音標(biāo)共48個音素，其中元音音素20個，輔音音素28個。對于初學(xué)者來說，若采用集中教學(xué)，要學(xué)會48個音素的發(fā)音并區(qū)別開。確實(shí)不易。筆者對音標(biāo)的教學(xué)采用了相對集中的方法，即從字母名稱教學(xué)過渡到部分音標(biāo)教學(xué)。國際音標(biāo)（英語語音）元音單元音前元音[i:][i][e][?]中元音[?][?:][?]后元音[u:][u][?:][?][a:]雙元音開合雙元音[ei][ai][?i][?u][au]集中雙元音[i?][ε?][u?]輔音爆破音清輔音[p][t][k]濁輔音[b][d][g]摩擦音清輔音[f][s][?][θ][h]濁輔音[v][z][?][e]破擦音清輔音[t?][tr][ts]濁輔音[d?][dr][dz]鼻音（濁輔音）[m][n][?]舌則音（濁輔音）[l][r]半元音（濁輔音）[w][j]英語國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)音標(biāo)練習(xí)元音(20個)單元音12個前元音(4個)[i:][i][e][?]后元音(5個)[ɑ:][?:][?][u:][u]中元音(3個)[?][?:][?]雙元音8個合口雙元音(5個)[ei][?u][ai][au][?i]集中雙元音(3個)[i?][u?][??]輔音(28個)清輔音(11個)[p][t][k][f][s][θ][?][t?][tr][ts][h]濁輔音(17個)[b][d][g][v][z][e][?][d?][dr][dz][l][m][n][?][j][w][r]語音知識:

1)字母：語言的書寫形式。元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u

2)音素：音的最小的單位。英語中有48音素。即20個元音音素和28個輔音音素.

3)元音：發(fā)音響亮，是樂音；口腔中氣流不收阻礙；是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。英語中有20元音。

4)輔音：發(fā)音不響亮，是噪音；口腔中氣流受到阻礙；不是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。英語中有28輔音。

5)音節(jié)：由元音和輔音構(gòu)成的發(fā)音單位。ap'ple，stu'dent，tea'cher，un'der'stand。

6)開音節(jié)： a)輔音+元音+輔音+enamebikehomedue; b)輔音+元音he，go，hi。

7)閉音節(jié)： a)輔音+元音+輔音bad，bed，sit，hot，cup;b)元音+輔音it。8)重讀音節(jié)：單詞中發(fā)音特別響亮的音節(jié)。/i:/bee/bi:/feet/fi:t/keep/ki:p/key/ki:/team/ti:m/meet/mi:t//i/it/it/big/big/city/siti/give/giv/sick/sik//e/get/get/best/best/text/tekst/help/help//?/fat/f?t/have/h?v/cat/k?t/back/b?k/hat/h?t//a:/laugh/la:f/glass/gla:s/half/ha:f/farm/fa:m/park/pa:k//?:/horse/h?:s/saw/s?:/corn/k?:n/course/k?:s/salt/s?:t//?/dog/d?g/pot/p?t/cost/k?st/what/w?t/honest/′?nist//u:/food/fu:d/moon/mu:n/rule/ru:l/loose/lu:s/noon/nu:n//u/book/buk/put/put/good/gud/would/wud/could/kud//?/must/m?st/does/d?z/money/′m?ni/ugly/′?gli/come/k?m//?:/nurse/n?:s/bird/b?:d/burn/b?:n/turn/t?:n/girl/g?:l//?/better/bet?/never/nev?/worker/w?:k?/welcome/welk?m//ei/may/mei/name/neim/game/geim/eight/eit/age/eid?//?u/no/n?u/home/h?um/hope/h?up/wrote/r?ut/note/n?ut/pose/p?uz//ai/eye/ai/time/taim/buy/bai/right/rait/bike/baik/kite/kait//au/now/nau/out/aut/how/hau/about/?′baut/south/sauθ/house/haus//?i/boy/b?i/toy/t?i/noise/n?iz/voice/v?is/point/p?int/coin/k?in//i?/ear/i?/near/ni?/idea/ai′di?/hear/hi?/mere/mi?/spear/spi?//ε?/air/ε?/tear/tε?/care/kε?/dare/dε?/fair/fε?/there/eε?//u?/tour/tu?/poor/pu?/sure/?u?/moor/mu?/(停泊)your/ju?//p/pea/pi:/pie/pai/top/t?p/cap/k?p/people/pi:pl/pride/praid//b/bee/bi:/by/bai/buy/bai/black/bl?k/bear/bε?//t/let/let/sat/s?t/feet/fi:t/team/ti:m/tide/taid//d/led/led/sad/s?d/feed/fi:d/do/du:/dear/di?//k/lack/l?k/take/teik/clock/kl?k/class/kla:s/weekend/′wi:kend//g/big/big/lag/l?g/glass/gla:s/gum/g?m/good/gud/guest/gest//f/face/feis/fast/fa:st/leaf/li:f/surf/s?:f/favorite/′feiv?rit//v/very/′veri/five/faiv/fever/′fi:v?/serve/s?:v/never/′nev?//θ/bath/ba:θ/(v洗澡)thick/θik/mouth/mauθ/breath/breθ/(n呼吸)thought/θ?:t/author/′?θ?/truth/tru:θ//e/the/e?/they/eei/that/e?t/mother/′m?e?/thus/e?s/then/een//s/face/feis/mouse/maus/cakes/keiks/caps/k?ps/likes/laiks/stops/st?ps//z/close/kl?uz/keys/ki:z/boys/b?iz/pens/penz/halves/ha:vz//t?/catch/k?t?/cheep/t?i:p/rich/rit?/watch/wt?/child/t?aild/question/kwest??n/teach/ti:t?/challenge/t?lind?//d?/orange/′?rid?/large/la:d?/juice/d?u:s/job/d??b//tr/tree/tri:/try/trai/true/tru:/trouble/traubl/track/tr?k//dr/dry/drai/dream/dri:m/dress/dres/drink/dri?k/hundred/′h?ndrid//?/she/?i:/sharp/?a:p/fish/fi?/shock/??k/shoe/?u://?/pleasure/′ple??/measure/′me??/television/′telivi??n//ts/let′s/lets/sports/sp?:ts/puts/puts/writes/raits/seats/si:ts//dz/hands/h?ndz/birds/b?:dz/friends/freindz/beds/bedz/stands/st?ndz//h/he/hi:/hard/ha:d/him/him/heard/h?:d/half/ha:f//l/like/laik/late/leit/learn/l?:n/lead/li:d/light/lait//m/my/mai/more/m?:/seem/si:m/meat/mi:t/mind/maind/men/men//n/nice/nais/wind/waind/mind/maind/rain/rein/fine/fain//?/sing/si?/wing/wi?/ring/ri?/long/l??/beautiful/bju:t?fl//j/you/ju:/few/fju:/yard/ja:d/music/′mju:zik/student/′stju:dnt/excuse/ik′skju:z//w/work/w?:k/way/wei/well/wel/what/w?t/twelve/twelv/twin/twin//r/red/red/road/r?ud/write/rait/wrong/r??/problem/′pr?bl?m/音標(biāo)綜合練習(xí)1./i://i//e//?//bit//wi:k//di:l//ri?l//kid//dig//kwik//tip//zip//rid//wil//fil/bitweekdealrealkiddigquicktipzipridwillfill/pet//p?k//g?p//k?g//n?g//r?m//b?tl//sed//′h?pi//ten//red/petpackgapcapnagrambattlesaidhappytenred/′setl//tr??//di′pend/settletrashdepend2./a://?://?//u://u//a:sk//ma:sk//pa:st//fra:ns//?d//l?:n//n?:t//p?:z//f?ks//s?k/askmaskpastFranceoddlawnnaughtpausefoxsock/fa://la:d?//ma:k//l?:d//t?://st?:m//p?t//kr?p//θ?t//pr?mis/farlargemarkLordtorchstormpotcropthoughtpromise/huk//lu:s//sut//tuk//mud//θru://pul//wud/hookloosesoottookmoodthroughpullwood3./?//?//?//b?z//d?l//′h?ri//g?lf//′tr?bl//?:n//s?:f//′t?:n?//′beg?//t?k/bussdullhurrygulftroubleearnsurfturnerbeggertuck/k?:b//?:k//?′merik//′s?k?//′k?mp?//s?′vei//p?′veid//p?′h?ps/curbirkAmericasoccercampersurveypervadeperhaps/b?:′lesk//′m?:d?/burlesquemurder3./ei//?u//ai//au//?i//keip//greit//mein//pr?p?uz//′m?u??n//st?un//′?uv?//sait/kapegreatmainproposemotionstoneoversight/raim//daut//′taipist//aust//m?ist//′?ist?/rhymedoubttypistoustmoistoyster4./i?//??//u?//vi?//?′f??//d??//sk??//bu?n//gu?d//′ru?r?l//?′pi?//k?l?mbi?/veeraffairdarescarebourngourdruralappearColombia/m?ti?ri?l//misti?ri?s/materialmysterious5./θ//e//m?nθ//θi:f//e?t//e?n//feiθ//t?′gee?//θ??k//e?m′selvz/monththiefthatthanfaithtogetherthankthemselves一.找出畫線部分讀音不同的單詞(每題2分,共20分)

(

)1.A.teaB.meatC.weatherD.beach

(

)2.A.backB.fastC.haveD.map

(

)3.A.warmB.gardenC.marketD.party

(

)4.A.schoolB.toothC.chooseD.good

(

)5.A.bookB.moodyC.lookD.cook

(

)6.A.JuneB.rulerC.putD.menu

(

)7.A.pushB.funC.sunD.ugly

(

)8.A.tigerB.herC.officerD.over

(

)9.A.goB.noC.coldD.hot

(

)10.A.likeB.lionC.pizzaD.Friday（）11．A．too B．classroom C．broomD．a(chǎn)fternoon（）12．A．houses B．spell C．student D．sister（）13．A．colour B．American C．doctor D．licence（）14．A．teacher B．seat C．sweater D．please（）15．A．which B．who C．what D．where（）16．A．little B．thing C．white D．with（）17．A．yellow B．brown C．window D．know（）18．A．worry B．sky C．only D．many（）19．A．school B．chair C．China D．much（）20．A．these B．they C．brother D．three()21.A.brotherB.comeC.policeD.mothers()22.A.cinemaB.climbC.sisterD.film()23.A.theseB.bathC.thinkD.health()24.A.morningB.colorC.workD.doctor()25.A.basementB.favoriteC.basketD.table()26.A.islandB.smallC.askD.helps()27.A.mouthB.dangerousC.thousandD.about()28.A.beachB.mealC.theatreD.leave()29.A.howB.snowC.tomorrowD.own()30.A.largeB.languageC.giraffeD.great二．根據(jù)音標(biāo)寫單詞：[blu:][da:ns][mu:n][fa:][laik][geit][tju:b][flai][lend][priti][lesn][h?pi][f?mili][plei][f?ks][t?′gee?][meni]taig?三．在單詞音標(biāo)的下面寫出單詞：1、單元音：2、雙元音：3、清、濁輔音：I,復(fù)習(xí)26個字母：請按順序默寫出26個英文字母（含大小寫）。請寫出5個元音字母。請寫出21個輔音字母。請寫出兩個半元音字母。請寫出12個以元音開頭的字母。單項(xiàng)填空：()1.1Thereis“r”intheword“red”.A,aB,anC,the()1,2Thereis“s”intheword“small”. A,aB,anC,the()1.3Thereis“a”intheword“apple”. A,aB,anC,the()1.4Thisisusefulbook.A,aB,anC,the()1.5Thisisinterestingbook.A,aB,anC,the48個英語音標(biāo)表音標(biāo)英語國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)音標(biāo)練習(xí)元音(20個)單元音12個前元音(4個)[i:][i][e][?]后元音(5個)[ɑ:][?:][?][u:][u]中元音(3個)[?][?:][?]雙元音8個合口雙元音(5個)[ei][?u][ai][au][?i]集中雙元音(3個)[i?][u?][??]輔音(28個)清輔音(11個)[p][t][k][f][s][θ][?][t?][tr][ts][h]濁輔音(17個)[b][d][g][v][z][e][?][d?][dr][dz][l][m][n][?][j][w][r]語音知識:

1)字母：語言的書寫形式。元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u

2)音素：音的最小的單位。英語中有48音素。即20個元音音素和28個輔音音素.

3)元音：發(fā)音響亮，是樂音；口腔中氣流不收阻礙；是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。英語中有20元音。

4)輔音：發(fā)音不響亮，是噪音；口腔中氣流受到阻礙；不是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。英語中有28輔音。

5)音節(jié)：由元音和輔音構(gòu)成的發(fā)音單位。ap'ple，stu'dent，tea'cher，un'der'stand。

6)開音節(jié)： a)輔音+元音+輔音+enamebikehomedue; b)輔音+元音he，go，hi。

7)閉音節(jié)： a)輔音+元音+輔音bad，bed，sit，hot，cup;b)元音+輔音it。音標(biāo)綜合練習(xí)1./i://i//e//?//bit//wi:k//di:l//ri?l//kid//dig//kwik//tip//zip//rid//wil//fil/bitweekdealrealkiddigquicktipzipridwillfill/pet//p?k//g?p//k?g//n?g//r?m//b?tl//sed//′h?pi//ten//red/petpackgapcapnagrambattlesaidhappytenred/′setl//tr??//di′pend/settletrashdepend2./a://?://?//u://u//a:sk//ma:sk//pa:st//fra:ns//?d//l?:n//n?:t//p?:z//f?ks//s?k/askmaskpastFranceoddlawnnaughtpausefoxsock/fa://la:d?//ma:k//l?:d//t?://st?:m//p?t//kr?p//θ?t//pr?mis/farlargemarkLordtorchstormpotcropthoughtpromise/huk//lu:s//sut//tuk//mud//θru://pul//wud/hookloosesoottookmoodthroughpullwood3./?//?//?//b?z//d?l//′h?ri//g?lf//′tr?bl//?:n//s?:f//′t?:n?//′beg?//t?k/bussdullhurrygulftroubleearnsurfturnerbeggertuck/k?:b//?:k//?′merik//′s?k?//′k?mp?//s?′vei//p?′veid//p?′h?ps/curbirkAmericasoccercampersurveypervadeperhaps/b?:′lesk//′m?:d?/burlesquemurder3./ei//?u//ai//au//?i//keip//greit//mein//pr?p?uz//′m?u??n//st?un//′?uv?//sait/kapegreatmainproposemotionstoneoversight/raim//daut//′taipist//aust//m?ist//′?ist?/rhymedoubttypistoustmoistoyster4./i?//??//u?//vi?//?′f??//d??//sk??//bu?n//gu?d//′ru?r?l//?′pi?//k?l?mbi?/veeraffairdarescarebourngourdruralappearColombia/m?ti?ri?l//misti?ri?s/materialmysterious5./θ//e//m?nθ//θi:f//e?t//e?n//feiθ//t?′gee?//θ??k//e?m′selvz/monththiefthatthanfaithtogetherthankthemselves一.找出畫線部分讀音不同的單詞(每題2分,共20分)

(

)1.A.teaB.meatC.weatherD.beach

(

)2.A.backB.fastC.haveD.map

(

)3.A.warmB.gardenC.marketD.party

(

)4.A.schoolB.toothC.chooseD.good

(

)5.A.bookB.moodyC.lookD.cook

(

)6.A.JuneB.rulerC.putD.menu

(

)7.A.pushB.funC.sunD.ugly

(

)8.A.tigerB.herC.officerD.over

(

)9.A.goB.noC.coldD.hot

(

)10.A.likeB.lionC.pizzaD.Friday（）11．A．too B．classroom C．broomD．a(chǎn)fternoon（）12．A．houses B．spell C．student D．sister（）13．A．colour B．American C．docto