中考英語重點語法專項之現(xiàn)在完成時解讀課件

現(xiàn)在完成時ThePresentPerfectTense第一課時DaXiong,brushyourteeth,please.Mum,Ihavealreadybrushedthem.想一想：1.大熊刷牙的動作發(fā)生在什么時候？2.大熊現(xiàn)在還需不需要刷牙？nowpastIhavealreadybrushedmyteeth.Ibrushedmyteethjustnow.Ineedn'tbrushthemnow.已經(jīng)刷過了。影響Ihavealreadydonemyhomework.DaXiong,doyourhomework.想一想：1.大熊寫作業(yè)的動作發(fā)生在什么時候？2.大熊現(xiàn)在還需不需要寫作業(yè)？nowpastIhavealreadydonemyhomework.Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.Ineedn'tdomyhomeworknow.我們把表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果的時態(tài)稱為現(xiàn)在完成時。已經(jīng)做完了影響Ihavealreadybrushedmyteeth.Ihavealreadydonemyhomework.觀察：現(xiàn)在完成時的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)是什么？have/has+動詞的過去分詞（done）注意：have或has是助動詞，無實意。has用于第三人稱單數(shù)，其他人稱一律用have。a.一般直接在詞尾加上ed。look—looked—lookedb.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞，直接加d。move—moved—movedc.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞，改y為i,再加ed。carry—carried—carriedd.以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞，雙寫詞尾最后一個輔音字母，再加ed。stop—stopped—stopped動詞的過去分詞變化規(guī)則1）規(guī)則變化與動詞過去式的變化規(guī)則相同AAA型cut—cut—cutABB型bring—brought—broughtABA型come—came—comeABC型do—did—done2）不規(guī)則變化，沒有規(guī)律，需要記憶（見課本P136,137）AAB型beat—beat—beaten觀察：現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定句如何變成否定句？Ihavealreadybrushedmyteeth.Ihavenotbrushedmyteethyet.haven'tShehashadbreakfastalready.Shehasnothadbreakfastyet.hasn't在have/has后+not，縮寫為haven't/hasn't觀察：現(xiàn)在完成時的陳述句如何變成一般疑問句？如何作回答？Ihavealreadybrushedmyteeth.Haveyoubrushedyourteeth?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven't.Shehashadbreakfastalready.Hasshealreadyhadbreakfast?Yes,shehas./No,shehasn't.把助動詞have/has提到句首，其后照搬，句末“？”回答用Yes,...have/has.No,...haven't/hasn't.根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的要求完成下列各句，每空一詞(含縮寫)。1.Myparentshavecomebackalready.(改為否定句)Myparents_____________back____.2.Theboyshavereadthebooklotsoftimes.(改為一般疑問句)_______theboys_______thebooklotsoftimes?3.I'vealreadyhaddinner.(改為一般疑問句)

you

dinner

?4.She'scookedthelunch.(改為否定句)She

thelunch. havenotcomeyethavereadhavehadalreadyhavenotcooked1.---Wouldyouliketogotoseethefilmwithme?---Thankyouverymuch.ButI___italready.A.sawB.haveseenC.seeD.havesaw2.Myaunt____already___tenbooks.has;writtenB./;writesC./;wroteD.have;wrote3.---Whyareyoustillhere?---I_____myworkyet.A.haven’tfinishedB.finishedC.finishD.finishes4.Inthepastfewyears,people___manybuildings.A.builtB.hasbuiltC.havebuiltD.hasbuilded單項選擇題現(xiàn)在完成時的意義：表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對___________造成的影響或結(jié)果。即到_______為止，動作已經(jīng)完成。常和_______（曾經(jīng)）、_______（已經(jīng)）、______（還沒有）等詞連用。(漢語中常用“已經(jīng)”、“過”、“了”等表達(dá))現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在everalreadyyet一、現(xiàn)在完成時用法一小結(jié)：時態(tài)

時間謂語觀句子，察不同1.Ihavealreadyeatenmybreakfast.Iatemybreakfastjustnow.2.MymotherhaslivedinDaliforalongtime.MymotherlivedinDalitwoyearsago.3.Haveyoueverreadthatbookbefore?Didyoureadthatbookyesterday?現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時區(qū)別時態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時一般過去時時間already，yet，ever，before，never,twice,等yesterday,...ago,last...,justnow等謂語have/has+過去分詞(done)1.was/were2.did注意：現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時所表示的動作都發(fā)生在過去，但它們所強調(diào)的重點不同：現(xiàn)在完成時側(cè)重于對現(xiàn)在的影響;而一般過去時側(cè)重于動作發(fā)生在過去某個時候.用括號中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.I________(join)thebookclublastmonthandI__________(read)fivebooksalready.2.Ionly_______(start)tolearnEnglishlastweekandI____________(learn)50Englishwordsalready.3.—When________she_______(leave)?—Twohoursago.joinedhavereadstartedhavelearneddid

leave

4.Tony__________(buy)apopmusicCDyesterday,buthe_______________(notlisten)toityet.5.My

father

_______

just

_______

(come)

back

from

work.He

is

tired

now.6.She______(see)thenewspaperonthetablethismorning,butshe__________(notread)ityet.boughthasn'tlistenedhascomesawhasn'tread第二課時JingXiang,Let'sgotoDisneyland.IhavebeentoDisneylandthreetimes.

想一想：靜香現(xiàn)在在哪里？WhereisDaXiong?HehasgonetotheGreatWall.想一想：大熊現(xiàn)在在哪里？HowlonghaveyoustayedinJapanwithDaXiong?IhavebeeninJapanfortenyears.想一想：哆啦A夢現(xiàn)在在哪里?觀察：對比三個句子的句意，找出區(qū)別IhavebeentoDisneylandthreetimes.

HehasgonetotheGreatWall.（已經(jīng)在日本10年了）（去了長城，現(xiàn)在還沒有回來）（去過3次，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了）IhavebeeninJapanfortenyears.have三兄弟havebeento+地點havegoneto+地點havebeenin+地點去過某地，已回來（次數(shù)，never，ever）去了某地，還沒回來（sbisn'there）在某地待了多久（for+時間段，

since+時間點）注意：遇到地點副詞home，here，there時，固定詞組中介詞要去掉一.用havebeento/havegoneto/havebeenin填空1.—Whereisyourbrother?—He________theshop.He’llbebacksoon.2.—_____youever_______toAmerica?—Yes,I_______NewYorktwice.3.—David___________Australia.—I’msurehehasalreadyarrived.4.—IsBennyhere?—No,he______theschoollibrary.Heleftfiveminutesago.havegonetohavegonetohavebeentohavegonetohavebeenin選擇題1.—

youever

totheartmuseum?

—No,never.A.Do;goB.Did;goC.Have;beenD.Will;go2.—Haveyouever___toThailand?—Yes,I___therelastyear.A.been;goB.gone;wentC.been;wentD.been;havebeen3.—____MaryeverbeentoHainan?—Yes,she____withmelastmonth.A.Have;hasbeenB.Have;havebeenC.Has;hasbeenD.Has;went第三課時HowlonghaveyoustayedinJapanwithDaXiong?IhavebeeninJapanfortenyears.HowlonghaveyoulearnedEnglishinourschool?多久YouhavelearnedEnglishfor

2years.YouhavelearnedEnglishsince

2020.IhavetaughtEnglishatthisschoolfor

11years.IhavetaughtEnglishatthisschoolsince

11yearsago.YouhavelivedinXiaguansinceyouwereborn.

YouhavelivedinXiaguanfor14years.pastfuturenow(2022)since2011for10yearsIwillgoonteachingEnglishatthisschool表示過去發(fā)生的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在且有可能繼續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)。Ibeganto

teachEnglishatthisschool10yearsago.IhavetaughtEnglishatthisschoolfor10years.IhavetaughtEnglishatthisschoolfor

11years.IhavetaughtEnglishatthisschoolsince

9yearsago.YouhavelearnedEnglishfor

2years.YouhavelearnedEnglishsince

2020.觀察句子，分析時間狀語的表達(dá)有何不同？時間段

開始的時間點for和sincefor

+時間段since+時間點since+一段時間+agosince+一般過去時的從句e.g.fortwoweeksfortenyearsforalongtimee.g.since2011/sincelastAprilsincetwoyearsagosinceIwasborn.HowlongmayIkeepyourmagicbook?Foraweek.Butyoucan'tlendittoothers.想一想：keep在句中什么意思？Becauseofanaccident,Kobediedin2020.Kobehasbeendeadfortwoyears.想一想：died,dead什么意思？觀察下面3組句子，判斷正誤Themanhasdiedfortwoyears.Themanhasbeendeadfortwoyears.

Ihaveboughtthebookforfiveyears.

Ihavehadthebookforfiveyears.Ihaveborrowedthedictionaryfor3days.Ihavekeptthedictionaryfor3days.延續(xù)性動詞非延續(xù)性動詞表示動作能夠持續(xù)，可以與for和since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用.常見延續(xù)性動詞：learn,work,sleep,watch,sing,readlive等等…表示動作不能持續(xù)，這種動作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束.常見非延續(xù)性動詞：open,close,begin,finish,come,go,borrow,buy,die…等等。非延續(xù)性動詞不能與for和since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用。延續(xù)性動詞與非延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換begin/startbeonputonwearleavebeawaygethomebehomediebedeadopenbeopenjoinbein/beamemberofclosebeclosedbecomebefallasleepbeasleepgetmarriedbemarriedborrowkeepcomebackbebackbuyhave1.—Thenewshirtlooksgoodonyou.Whendidy