新教材2024版高中英語Unit1ScienceFictionSectionⅡLearningAboutLanguage學生用書新人教版選擇性必修第四冊

SectionⅡLearningAboutLanguage每/日/金/句：Scienceisendless,itisanessentialmystery.科學是永無止境的，它恒久都是個謎。語言基礎集釋1(教材原句)ona...basis依據(jù)；以……的方式(基準)(1)onaregularbasis例行地；有規(guī)律地；定期地onadailyorweeklybasis每天或每周onthebasisof以……為基礎(2)base...on/upon把……置于……基礎之上bebasedon/upon以……為基礎/依據(jù)[佳句]Iamsavingmoneyonaregularbasiswiththeaimofbuyingahouseofmyown.我正在定期存錢，目的是買一套屬于我自己的房子。[練通]——單句語法填空①Therestaurant________(base)ontrust,anditisworkingallright.②________(base)ontheratings,Iboughtmybelovedbackpack，sawinterestingfilmsandtasteddeliciousfoods.③Onthe________(base)ofthesefacts,wecandrawtheconclusionthatheisguilty.[寫美]——應用文佳句④他每天騎自行車上班，這有利于強身健體。He________________________，whichisbeneficialtobuilduphisstrength.2(教材原句)Itwouldnotbesurprisingifwefounditdifficulttodistinguishbetweenrealityandsciencefictioninthefuture.在將來，假如我們發(fā)覺很難區(qū)分現(xiàn)實和科幻小說，那也不足為奇?！騞istinguishvi.&vt.區(qū)分；辨別(1)distinguishAfromB=distinguishbetweenAandB把A和B區(qū)分開distinguishoneself(as)(作為……)使自己揚名(2)distinguishedadj.卓越的；受人敬重的[佳句]Youshouldlearntodistinguishbetweenrightandwrong.=Youshouldlearntodistinguishrightfromwrong.你應學會明辨是非。[練通]——單句語法填空①Thetwinsaresomuchalikethatitisimpossibletodistinguishone________theother.②Confuciuswasa________(distinguish)educatorandphilosopherinChinesehistory.[寫美]——詞匯升級③Famousforitsattractivescenery,Hangzhouwitnesseslargenumbersoftouristseveryyear.(舉薦信)→________________itsattractivescenery,Hangzhouwitnesseslargenumbersoftouristseveryyear.語法專項突破復習被動語態(tài)[自主感知]①ItwasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarry'swife，Claire.②Larrypersuadedherthattherobotwouldn'tharmherorallowhertobeharmed.③Nowshewasbeinglookedafterbyarobotthatlookedsohumananditwasdisturbing.④Clairethoughtitwasridiculousthatshewasbeingofferedsympathybyarobot...⑤Ashewasnotallowedtoaccompanyhertotheshops...⑥Howawfultobediscoveredbyher，Clairethought.⑦Bythattime，Tonyexpectedthatthehouse，whichwasbeingcompletelytransformed，wouldbeready.[我的發(fā)覺]1．以上句子中都運用了被動語態(tài)，句①為________的被動語態(tài)；句③、④、⑦為________的被動語態(tài)；句⑤為________的被動語態(tài)。2．句②和句⑥為________的被動語態(tài)，句②中的tobeharmed作allow的________，而句⑥中的tobediscovered作________。[語法規(guī)則]考點一各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式項目一般時態(tài)進行時態(tài)完成時態(tài)現(xiàn)在am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehas/havebeendone過去was/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendone將來shall/willbedone/shall/willhavebeen〖〗done①Thechildrenareaskedtocleantheirroomeveryday.孩子們被要求每天打掃一次房間。(一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài))②Theworkwillhavebeenfinishedbytheendofnextmonth.到下個月底前這項工作將會完成。(將來完成時的被動語態(tài))③Manyanimalsarebeingkilledandtheirhabitatsarebeingdamaged.很多動物正在被殺害，而且它們的棲息地正在遭到破壞。(現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài))④Ireceivedthesadnewsthathehadbeenkilledinaterribleaccident.我得知了這個不幸的消息，說他在一場可怕的事故中喪生。(過去完成時的被動語態(tài))[巧學活用1]——單句語法填空①May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay,which____________(name)officiallybytheUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2024.②Weareconfidentthattheenvironment____________(improve)byourfurthereffortstoreducepollution.③Itisthefirsttimethattheactress'sperformance____________(recognize)bythedirector.④Ihavetogotoworkbytaxibecausemycar____________(repair)atthegarage.⑤Travellingtoconferences,lectures,workshops,andthelikefrequentlybyplane____________(view)asimportantforscientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.考點二運用被動語態(tài)應留意的幾個問題1．否定詞not的位置：在第一個助動詞或情態(tài)動詞之后。Hewasextremelydisappointedtohearthathewouldnotbegivenadoctor'sdegree.聽到不會獲得博士學位，他懊喪到了極點。2．主動句的謂語動詞帶有復合賓語時，應將賓語變成被動句的主語，而將賓語補足語保留不動(這時的賓語補足語變?yōu)橹髡Z補足語)。(1)Wesawhimsittingtherewithoutdoinganything.→Hewasseensittingtherewithoutdoinganything.我們望見他坐在那兒，什么也沒做。(2)Hiswordsmademethrowup.→Iwasmadetothrowupbyhiswords.他的話令我作嘔。[名師指津]在主動語態(tài)中，make，hear，see等詞后接不定式時要省略to，但轉換為被動語態(tài)時，則不能省略to。3．帶雙賓語的動詞作謂語的主動句轉換為被動句時，可將表示物的(干脆)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，用for或to引出表示人的(間接)賓語，或將表示人的(間接)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z。Myfatheristellingmeaninterestingstorynow.→Aninterestingstoryisbeingtoldtomebymyfathernow.→I'mbeingtoldaninterestingstorybymyfathernow.爸爸正在給我講一個好玩的故事。4．動詞短語在主動結構中是不行分割的，在被動結構中也是如此，不行去掉后面的介詞或副詞。Theoldmanwasoftenlaughedat.那位老人常常被人訕笑。[巧學活用2]——將下列各句改為被動語態(tài)/單句語法填空①Wesawastrangerenterthebuildingjustnow.→________________________________________________________________________②Myunclegavemeapresenttheotherday.→________________________________________________________________________③Thebadweathermademedecidetostayhereforanotherday.→________________________________________________________________________④MyuncletookgoodcareofmewhenIwasyoung.→________________________________________________________________________⑤Theartistwassurehewould________(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor'schiefminister，theoldmanlaughed.⑥Everyminutemust________(make)useoftoimproveourspokenEnglish.考點三動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)和用法當不定式的邏輯主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，不定式一般要用被動形式。不定式的被動式可分為一般式和完成式。(1)一般式：tobedone表示動詞不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之后或同時發(fā)生。(2)完成式：tohavebeendone表示不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。Itisagreathonortobeinvitedtohosttheopeningceremony.很榮幸被邀主持開幕式。HeissaidtohavebeenadmittedtoTsinghuaUniversity.據(jù)說他已經(jīng)被清華高校錄用了。[巧學活用3]——用不定式的被動語態(tài)補全句子①法官好像已經(jīng)知道了真相。Thetruthseems________________bythejudge.②我很榮幸能有機會做一個主題為“生命之糧”的演講。Ifeelsohonored________________deliveraspeechthemed“foodforlife”．③明年建成的機場將有助于促進這一地區(qū)的旅游業(yè)。Theairport________________nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.考點四主動形式表示被動意義1．主動語態(tài)表被動意義(1)系動詞(如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，remain，seem，hear，appear，prove等)后接表語時，一般用主動形式表示被動意義。Thefoodtastesdelicious.這種食物嘗起來美味可口。Whathesaidatthemeetingsoundedencouraging.他在會上說的話聽起來令人備受鼓舞。(2)當wash，write，sell，open，close，shut，lock，cook等不及物動詞后加副詞(easily，well等)時，通常用主動形式表示被動意義。ThesciencefictionwrittenbyLiuCixinsellsverywell.劉慈欣寫的科幻小說很暢銷。Thepenmyfathergavemeasabirthdaygiftwritessmoothly.父親給我的作為生日禮物的鋼筆寫起來很流暢。(3)need，want，require，deserve等+doing用主動形式表示被動意義。Thisladderwants/requires/needsrepairing/toberepaired.這個梯子須要修理。(4)beworthdoing→beworthytobedone主動形式表示被動意義。Thenovelisworthreadingagain.→Thenovelisworthytobereadagain.這部小說值得再讀一次。[巧學活用4]——用所給動詞的適當形式填空①Hisbooks________(sell)well，sotheyaresoldoutsoon.②Thischeese________(notcut)easily.It'stoosoft.③Tomakewayforthewidestreet，thesehousesneed________(pull)down.2．動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)(1)動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)由“to+be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構成，當動詞不定式所表示的動作與其邏輯主語之間是被動關系時，要用動詞不定式的被動式。動詞不定式的被動式只有一般式(tobedone)和完成式(tohavebeendone)。Iamveryhappytobepraised.受到褒獎我特別興奮。Themagazinesarenotallowedtobetakenoutofthelibrary.這些雜志不允許帶出圖書館。IamproudtohavebeenadmittedtoPekingUniversity.我很高傲已被北京高校錄用。(2)動詞不定式的主動形式表示被動意義的狀況。①sb.havesth.todo/Therebesth.todo句型中。Beforetheendofthemeeting,Ihavesomethingimportanttodeclare.會議結束之前，我有很重要的事情要宣布。Thereissomuchhomeworktodoeveryday，whichalmostdrivesmemad.每天有那么多家庭作業(yè)要做，這幾乎讓我發(fā)瘋。②動詞不定式跟在性質形容詞(difficult，hard，easy，comfortable，good等)后，與句子主語之間構成邏輯上的動賓關系時(構成sb./sth.be+adj.+todo)。Ourheadmasterlookshardtogetcloseto,butinfactheiseasytogetalongwith.我們校長看起來很難接近，但事實上他很簡潔相處。③動詞不定式與疑問詞連用時。Withsomanybooksathand，Tomhadnoideawhichtoreadfirst.手頭有那么多的書，湯姆不知道先讀哪一本。[巧學活用5]——用所給詞的適當形式填空①Wehavefourreadingpassages________(complete)inthecomingholiday.②Theoldmanfoundthecomputerwashard________(operate)．③Sh