湖北省武漢市2024-2025學(xué)年高二英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期中聯(lián)考試題含解析

Page25Page25滿分：150分★?？荚図槷?dāng)★留意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在試卷和答題卡上，并將準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。寫(xiě)在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無(wú)效。3.非選擇題的作答：用黑色簽字筆干脆答在答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫(xiě)在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無(wú)效。4.考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將本試卷和答題卡一并上交。第一部分：聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatwillthewomandotonight?A.Reschedulethemeeting.B.Joinasportsclub.C.Seeadoctor.2.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutherinterviewatfirst?A.Worried.B.Excited.C.Confident.3.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inarestaurant.B.Athome.C.Inahotel.4.Whydoesthemanneedthecar?A.Togotowork.B.Todeliveritemsforaparty.C.Totakehisuncletothehospital.5.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Storesomewater.B.Buysomecontainers.C.Fixapipe.其次節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Shelikescomedy.BSheneedstoprepareapresent.C.Shewillhaveaprojecttoworkon.7.Whatticketdoesthewomandecidetobook?A.Amusicalplay.B.Acomedyshow.C.Arockconcert.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Rentingacoach.B.Bookingahotel.C.Reschedulingaconference.9.Whyisthe.manworried?A.Theymightgooverbudget.B.Thehotelroomsarenotbigenough.C.Theyhavetogetupearlyeveryday.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohn?A.Hehaschangedalot.B.Helookslikehisfather.C.Heislookingforaplacetolive.11.WhatdoesJohnworkfor?A.Anoverseasfirm.B.Hisfamilybusiness.C.Anexportingcompany.1.2.WhatisJohn’sopiniononhislifenow?A.Enjoyable.B.Difficult.C.Exciting.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whyistheeventorganized?A.Tomakemoney.B.Toencouragereading.C.Togiveawaybookstotheschool.14.Whoistheorganizeroftheevent?A.Theschool.B.Thewoman.C.Thelocalbookstores.15.Howwillthemanhelp?A.Bycollectingbooks.B.Byleadingabakesale.C.Bymakingalistofplaces.16.Wherewilltheeventbeheld?A.Atagym.B.Atalibrary.C.Atabookstore.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatisthemuseumtryingtodo?A.Attractmorevisitors.B.Introducesomeartworks.C.Increasepeople’sappreciationofart.18.Whatprogramisavailableforchildren?A.Classesexploringart.B.Guestlectures.C.Workshops.19.Howcanvisitorslearnaboutartmovementsandtrends?A.Fromthestaff.B.Fromthelibrary.C.Fromtheclasses.20.Howmanydaysisthemuseumopeneachweek?A.Sixdays.B.Fivedays.C.Fourdays.其次部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AEachapplicanttoHarvardCollegeisconsideredwithgreatcare.WeconsidereachapplicanttoHarvardCollegeasawholeperson,andputenormouscareintoevaluatingeveryapplication.Wehopeyouwillexploretheinformationinthissectiontounderstandwhatwelookforinouradmissionsprocess.*HowtoApplySubmityourapplicationthroughtheCommonApplication,theCoalitionApplication,ortheUniversalCollegeApplication.EachistreatedequallybytheAdmissionsCommittee.Completeandsubmityourmaterialsassoonaspossibletoensurefullandtimelyconsiderationofyourapplication.ViewourApplicationTipsforstep-by-stepinformation.*WhentoApplyDateDeadlineNovember1EarlyActiondeadlineMarch1FinancialAidApplicationdeadlineLateMarchDecisionlettersmailedMid-DecemberEarlyActiondecisionsreleasedMay1ReplydateforAdmittedStudentsJanuary1RegularDecisiondeadline*WhatWeLookForWeseekpromisingstudentswhowillcontributetotheHarvardcommunityduringtheircollegeyears,andtosocietythroughouttheirlives.Whileacademicaccomplishmentisthebasicrequirement,theAdmissionCommitteeconsidersmanyotherfactors—strongpersonalqualities,specialtalentsorexcellencesofallkinds,perspectivesformedbyunusualpersonalcircumstances,andtheabilitytotakeadvantageofavailableresourcesandopportunities.WeoutlineeverythingyouneedtoapplytoHarvard.1.Wherecanyoufinddetailedinformationabouthowtoapply?A.CommonApplicat?on. B.UniversalCollegeApplication.C.ApplicationTips. D.CoalitionApplication.2.WhichisthefinaldayforFinancialAidApplication?A.November1 B.March1.C.January1. D.May1.3.WhatisthebasicrequirementtoapplyforHarvardUniversity?A.Specialtalents. B.Strongpersonalqualities.C.Academicaccomplishment. D.Uniqueperspectives.【答案】1.C2.B3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了申請(qǐng)進(jìn)入哈佛高校的流程，包括如何申請(qǐng)、何時(shí)申請(qǐng)以及哈佛高校關(guān)注何種類型的考生?！?題詳解】微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)*HowtoApply部分中的最終一句“ViewourApplicationTipsforstep-by-stepinformation.(查看我們的申請(qǐng)建議以獲得逐步信息。)”可知，假如要知道申請(qǐng)步驟，可以閱讀申請(qǐng)建議，故選C。【2題詳解】微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)*WhentoApply部分的“March1FinancialAidApplicationdeadline(3月1日財(cái)政救濟(jì)申請(qǐng)截止日期)”可知，助學(xué)金申請(qǐng)的最終期限是3月1日，故選B。【3題詳解】微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)WhatWeLookFor部分中的其次段“Whileacademicaccomplishmentisthebasicrequirement,theAdmissionCommitteeconsidersmanyotherfactors—strongpersonalqualities,specialtalentsorexcellencesofallkinds,perspectivesformedbyunusualpersonalcircumstances,andtheabilitytotakeadvantageofavailableresourcesandopportunities.(雖然學(xué)術(shù)成就是基本要求，但招生委員會(huì)還會(huì)考慮很多其他因素——強(qiáng)大的個(gè)人素養(yǎng)、特別才能或各種卓越表現(xiàn)、由不同尋常的個(gè)人環(huán)境形成的視角，以及利用現(xiàn)有資源和機(jī)會(huì)的實(shí)力)”可知，進(jìn)入哈佛高校就讀的最基本條件是學(xué)術(shù)成就要滿意要求，故選C。BBodylanguageisafascinatingaspectofhumancommunicationthatoftenspeakslouderthanwords.Itisasilentformofexpressionthatconveysourthoughtsemotions,andintentions.Ihavealwaysbeenamazedbythewayourbodiescancommunicatewithoututteringasingleword.OnevividmemorythatcomestomindisajobinterviewIhadafewyearsago.AsIsatacrossfromtheinterviewer,Icouldfeelmybodytensingup.Icrossedmyarmsandleanedbackinmychair,unconsciouslyactingadefensivebarrier.Theinterviewerpickeduponmyclosed-offpostureandbecamemorereservedintheirquestioning.Itwasclearthatmybodylanguagewassendingamessageofdiscomfortandlackofconfidence.Reflectingonthatexperience,Irealizedtheimportanceofusingopenandconfidentbodylanguageinprofessionalsettings.Subtlechangesinposture,facialexpressions,andgesturescansignificantlyimpacttheimpressionwemakeonothers.Fromthatdayforward,Imadeaconsciousefforttoprojectconfidenceandapproachability(平易近人)throughmybodylanguage.Anotherinstancewherebodylanguageplayedacrucialrolewasduringafamilygathering.Aswesataroundthedinnertable,Inoticedmyyoungersisterslumpingandavoidingeyecontactwithanyone.Herbodylanguageindicatedthatshewasfeelingupsetoranxious.Withoutsayingaword,Ireachedoutandgentlytouchedherhand,offeringasilentgestureofsupport.Shelookedatmewithgratitude,andwesharedamomentofunderstandingandconnection.Bodylanguageisnotonlyimportantininterpersonalrelationshipsbutalsoinpublicspeaking.IrememberwatchingaTEDtalkbyarenownedspeakerwhocaptivatedtheaudiencewiththeirconfidentstance,expressivegestures,andengagingeyecontact.Theirbodylanguageenhancedtheimpactoftheirwords,makingthetalkmorememorableandpowerful.Inconclusion,bodylanguageisapowerfultoolthatcanconveyemotions,attitudes,andintentionswithouttheneedforverbalcommunication.Itisessentialtobeawareofourownbodylanguageanditsimpactonothers.Bymasteringtheartofbodylanguage,wecanenhanceourcommunicationskillsandcreatestrongerconnectionswiththosearoundus.4.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinsharingthejobinterviewexperience?A.Toemphasizethesignificanceoffacialexpressionsincommunication.B.Todescribeapersonalexperienceofdiscomfortandlackofconfidence.C.Todemonstratetheimpactofbodylanguageoninterpersonalrelationships.D.Tohighlighttheimportanceofnon-verbalcommunicationinprofessionalsettings.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“captivatedtheaudience”inparagraph5mostlikelymean?A.Theaudiencewascriticalandskepticalofthetalk.B.Theaudiencewascharmedandfascinatedbythetalk.C.Theaudiencewasconfusedanddisinterestedinthetalk.D.Theaudiencewasdistractedanduninterestedinthetalk.6.Whyisitimportanttobeconsciousofourownbodylanguage?AItcanenhanceourpublicspeakingskillsandcaptivatetheaudience.B.Itcanhelpusunderstandandinterpretthebodylanguageofeachother.C.Itcanpreventusfrommakinganynon-verbalcommunicationmistakes.D.Itcancreatestrongerconnectionsandimproveinterpersonalrelationships.7.Whatisthestructureofthepassage?A. B.C. D.【答案】4.D5.B6.D7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹的是肢體語(yǔ)言的重要性?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段“Reflectingonthatexperience,Irealizedtheimportanceofusingopenandconfidentbodylanguageinprofessionalsettings.(回想起那段閱歷，我意識(shí)到在專業(yè)場(chǎng)合運(yùn)用開(kāi)放和自信的肢體語(yǔ)言的重要性。)”可知，作者共享面試閱歷的主要目的是強(qiáng)調(diào)非語(yǔ)言溝通在專業(yè)環(huán)境中的重要性。故選D?！?題詳解】詞句揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段“withtheirconfidentstance,expressivegestures,andengagingeyecontact(用他們自信的姿態(tài)、富有表現(xiàn)力的手勢(shì)和迷人的眼神)”和“Theirbodylanguageenhancedtheimpactoftheirwords,makingthetalkmorememorableandpowerful.(他們的肢體語(yǔ)言增加了他們?cè)捳Z(yǔ)的影響力，使談話更令人難忘和有力。)”可知，這些演講者很能吸引觀眾，captivatedtheaudience意為“讓觀眾著迷”，和B選項(xiàng)描述相近，故選B?！?題詳解】微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段“Itisessentialtobeawareofourownbodylanguageanditsimpactonothers.Bymasteringtheartofbodylanguage,wecanenhanceourcommunicationskillsandcreatestrongerconnectionswiththosearoundus.(意識(shí)到我們自己的肢體語(yǔ)言及其對(duì)他人的影響是至關(guān)重要的。通過(guò)駕馭肢體語(yǔ)言的藝術(shù)，我們可以提高我們的溝通技巧，并與四周的人建立更堅(jiān)實(shí)的聯(lián)系。)”可知，意識(shí)到自己的肢體語(yǔ)言很重要是因?yàn)樗梢越⒏鼜?qiáng)的聯(lián)系，改善人際關(guān)系。故選D?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。第一段“Bodylanguageisafascinatingaspectofhumancommunicationthatoftenspeakslouderthanwords.(肢體語(yǔ)言是人類溝通中一個(gè)迷人的方面，它往往比語(yǔ)言更有勸服力。)”說(shuō)明肢體語(yǔ)言很重要，其次段“OnevividmemorythatcomestomindisajobinterviewIhadafewyearsago.(我腦海中出現(xiàn)出的一個(gè)生動(dòng)的記憶是幾年前的一次面試。)”是作者回憶面試的閱歷，第三段“Reflectingonthatexperience,Irealizedtheimportanceofusingopenandconfidentbodylanguageinprofessionalsettings.(回想起那段閱歷，我意識(shí)到在專業(yè)場(chǎng)合運(yùn)用開(kāi)放和自信的肢體語(yǔ)言的重要性。)”是作者通過(guò)這次閱歷意識(shí)到肢體語(yǔ)言在專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的重要性；第四段“Anotherinstancewherebodylanguageplayedacrucialrolewasduringafamilygathering.(肢體語(yǔ)言發(fā)揮重要作用的另一個(gè)例子是在家庭聚會(huì)期間。)”是作者回憶肢體語(yǔ)言在家庭生活中的重要性，第五段“Bodylanguageisnotonlyimportantininterpersonalrelationshipsbutalsoinpublicspeaking.(肢體語(yǔ)言不僅在人際關(guān)系中很重要，在公共演講中也很重要。)”是講肢體語(yǔ)言在公共演講中的重要性，最終一段“Inconclusion,bodylanguageisapowerfultoolthatcanconveyemotions,attitudes,andintentionswithouttheneedforverbalcommunication.(總之，肢體語(yǔ)言是一種強(qiáng)大的工具，可以在不須要言語(yǔ)溝通的狀況下傳達(dá)情感、看法和意圖。)”是總結(jié)肢體語(yǔ)言的重要性，因此其次段，第四段，第五段是并列關(guān)系，是肢體語(yǔ)言在三個(gè)場(chǎng)景下的重要性，第三段是作者由自己的閱歷而發(fā)表感慨，和其次四五段不是并列關(guān)系，因此結(jié)構(gòu)是D選項(xiàng)，故選D。CThesunflowerseastarhasbeenlistedasacriticallyendangeredspeciesfollowingagroundbreakingpopulationstudyledbyOregonStateUniversity(OSU)andTheNatureConservancy.“Thesegiantseastarsusedtobeeasytofindandwereahitwithdivers.Unfortunately,yourchancesoffindingonenowarenexttonothinginmostoftheareasneartheUnitedStates—thislistingisonesteptoextinction—andIdon’tthinkthey’recomingbackwithouthelp,”saidOSU’sSarahGravem,aresearchassociateintheCollegeofScienceandtheleadauthorofthestudy.Populationsofthesunflowerseastarsuffereddramaticcrashesbecauseofamarine(海洋的)wildlifeepidemicevent,whichbeganin2013.Scientistsusedmorethan61,000populationsurveysfrom31datasetstocalculatea90.6%declineinthesunflowerseastarsandestimatedthatasmanyas5.75billionanimalsdiedfromthedisease,whosecausehasnotbeendetermined.Moreover,theresearchshowednosignofpopulationrecoveryinanyregioninthefivetosevenyearssincetheevent.Sunflowerseastarsareakeycatcherofpurpleseaurchins(海膽)andtheseastardeclinehashelpedtheincreaseintheurchinpopulationinmanyregions.Toomanyurchinsarelinkedtoadeclineinkelpforests（海藻林)alreadyfacingpressurefrommarineheatwaveevents,makingthefutureuncertainforecosystemsthatprovidehabitatforthousandsofmarineanimalsandhelpsupportcoastaleconomies.“Becausemostpeoplearenotoutintheoceaneveryday,wedon’trealizehowmuchit’sbeingchangedandimpactedbyhumans.Weneedtothinkabouthowtokeepouroceanhealthy.Whilereducingthereleaseofcarbondioxideisthemostpressingneed,rebuildingkeycatcherpopulations,likethesunflowerseastar,canbeanimportantpieceofthepuzzletoo,”saidstudyco-authorSaraHamilton,aPh.D.candidateintheOSUCollegeofScience.8.WhatcanweinferaboutsunflowerseastarsfromSarahGravem’swords?A.Theypresentadangertodivers.B.Theycannotrecoverontheirown.C.Theycannotadapttothenewenvironment.D.TheyattractmanytouriststotheUnitedStates.9.Whatledtothesharpdeclineinthenumberofsunflowerseastars?A.Humanbeings’overfishing.B.Thearrivalofanewspecies.C.Therisingoceantemperature.D.Theoccurrenceofamarinedisease.10.Whatistherelationshipbetweensuntlowerseastarsandtheseakelpforests?A.Theircommonenemiesareseaurchins.B.Sunflowerseastarsfeedontheseakeepforests.C.Sunflowerseastarshelppreservetheseakelpforests.D.Theseakelpforestsprovidehabitatsforsunflowerseastars.11.WhatmightSaraHamiltonagreewith?A.Morespeciesshouldbeintroducedtotheocean.B.Scientistsplaythemostimportantroleinprotectingtheocean.C.Theinfluenceofhumanactivitiesontheoceanhasdecreasedsince2013.D.Moreactionshouldbetakentoincreasethenumberofsunflowerseastars.【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了水中生物——太陽(yáng)花海星數(shù)量下降的緣由?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章其次段“Unfortunately,yourchancesoffindingonenowarenexttonothinginmostoftheareasneartheUnitedStates—thislistingisonesteptoextinction—andIdon’tthinkthey’recomingbackwithouthelp,”saidOSU’sSarahGravem,aresearchassociateintheCollegeofScienceandtheleadauthorofthestudy.(不幸的是，在美國(guó)旁邊的大部分地區(qū)，你現(xiàn)在找到它們的機(jī)會(huì)幾乎為零——這是邁向滅亡的一步——我認(rèn)為沒(méi)有幫助它們是不會(huì)回來(lái)的，俄勒岡州立高校的薩拉·格雷姆說(shuō)，她是科學(xué)學(xué)院的探討助理，也是這項(xiàng)探討的主要作者。)”可知，太陽(yáng)花海星面臨滅亡的緊急，須要人們的幫助，因?yàn)樗鼈冏约簾o(wú)法復(fù)原。故選B?！?題詳解】微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第三段“Populationsofthesunflowerseastarsuffereddramaticcrashesbecauseofamarine(海洋的)wildlifeepidemicevent,whichbeganin2013.(由于2013年起先的海洋野生動(dòng)物流行病事務(wù)，向日葵海星的數(shù)量急劇下降。)”可知，導(dǎo)致太陽(yáng)花海星數(shù)量急劇下降的緣由是海洋性流行疾病的出現(xiàn)。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第四段中“Sunflowerseastarsareakeycatcherofpurpleseaurchins(海膽)andtheseastardeclinehashelpedtheincreaseintheurchinpopulationinmanyregions.Toomanyurchinsarelinkedtoadeclineinkelpforests(海藻林)alreadyfacingpressurefrommarineheatwaveevents,makingthefutureuncertainforecosystemsthatprovidehabitatforthousandsofmarineanimalsandhelpsupportcoastaleconomies.(太陽(yáng)花海星是紫色海膽的主要捕手，海星的削減有助于很多地區(qū)海膽數(shù)量的增加。海膽過(guò)多與海帶森林的削減有關(guān)，海帶森林已經(jīng)面臨海洋熱浪事務(wù)的壓力，這使得為成千上萬(wàn)的海洋動(dòng)物供應(yīng)棲息地并幫助支持沿海經(jīng)濟(jì)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的將來(lái)變得不確定。)”可知，太陽(yáng)花海星有助于海藻林的繁殖。故選C。【11題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章最終一段“Weneedtothinkabouthowtokeepouroceanhealthy.Whilereducingthereleaseofcarbondioxideisthemostpressingneed,rebuildingkeycatcherpopulations,likethesunflowerseastar,canbeanimportantpieceofthepuzzletoo,”saidstudyco-authorSaraHamilton,aPh.D.candidateintheOSUCollegeofScience.(我們須要考慮如何保持我們的海洋健康。“雖然削減二氧化碳的釋放是最迫切的須要，但重建關(guān)鍵的捕鯨者種群，如太陽(yáng)花海星，也可能是這個(gè)難題的重要組成部分，”該探討的合著者、俄勒岡州立高校理學(xué)院的博士候選人薩拉·漢密爾頓說(shuō)。)”可知，人們應(yīng)當(dāng)主動(dòng)行動(dòng)起來(lái)，實(shí)行詳細(xì)的措施去疼惜太陽(yáng)花海星一類的生物。故選D。DResearchersinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles(UCLA)havediscoveredamajordifferenceinthewaymenandwomenrespondtostress.Thisdifferencemayexplainwhymenaremorelikelytosufferfromstressrelateddisorders.Untilnow,psychologicalresearchhasmaintainedthatbothmenandwomenhavethesame“fightorflight”reactiontostress.However,theUCLAresearchteamfoundthatmenandwomenhavequitedifferentbiologicalandbehavioralresponsestostress.Whilemenoftenreacttostressinthefightorflightresponse,womenoftenhaveanotherkindofreactionwhichcouldbecalled“tendandbefriend.”Thatis,theyoftenreacttostressfulconditionsbyprotectingandnurturingtheiryoung(“tend”),andbylookingforsocialcontactandsupportfromothers—especiallyotherfemales(“befriend”).Scientistshavelongknownthatinthefighttostress,animportantroleisplayedbycertainhormones(激素)releasedbythebody.TheUCLAresearchteamsuggeststhatthefemaletendorbefriendresponseisalsobasedonahormone,whosenameisoxytocin(催產(chǎn)素).Butnowitisbeingstudiedforitsroleintheresponseofbothmenandwomentostress.Accordingtotheprincipalinvestigator,Dr.ShelleyTaylor,“Animalsandpeoplewithhighlevelsofoxytocinarecalmer,morerelaxed,moresocial,andlessanxious.Whilemenalsosecrete(分泌)oxytocin,itseffectsarereducedbymalehormones.”Thestudyalsoshowedhowfathersandmothersrespondeddifferentlywhentheycamehometotheirfamilyafterastressfuldayatwork.Thetypicalfatherwantedtobeleftalonetoenjoysomepeaceandquiet.Foratypicalmother,copingwithabaddayatworkmeantfocusingherattentiononherchildrenandtheirneeds.Thedifferencesinrespondingtostressmayexplainthefactthatwomenhavelowerfrequencyofstressrelateddisorderssuchashighbloodpressureoraggressivebehavior.Thetendandbefriendregulatory(調(diào)整的)systemmayprotectwomenagainststress,andthismayexplainwhywomenonaveragelivelongerthanmen.12.TheUCLAstudyshowsthatinresponsetostress,menaremorelikelythanwomento.A.solveaconflictcalmly B.seekcomfortfromchildrenC.turntofriendsforsomehelp D.findanescapefromthereality13.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutoxytocinaccordingtothepassage?A.Menhavethesamelevelofoxytocinaswomendo.B.Oxytocinusedtobestudiedinbothmenandwomen.C.Oxytocinhasmoreofaneffectonwomenthanonmen.D.Bothanimalsandpeoplehavethehighlevelsofoxytocin.14.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.Malehormoneshelpbuildupthebody’sresistancetostress.B.Biologicaldifferencesleadtodifferentbehavioralreactstostress.C.Inafamilyamothercaresmoreaboutchildrenthanafatherdoes.D.UCLAstudywasdesignedtoconfirmpreviousresearchfindings.15.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.HowmenandwomenmanagetogetoverstressB.HowmenandwomensufferfromdifferentstressC.HowresearchersovercomemajorstressproblemsD.Howresearchersdealwithstressrelateddisorders【答案】12.D13.C14.B15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講的是由于生理上的不同，男人和女人是如何克服壓力的?！?2題詳解】微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段的“Whilemenoftenreacttostressinthefightorflightresponse,womenoftenhaveanotherkindofreactionwhichcouldbecalled“tendandbefriend.”(面對(duì)壓力，男性通常會(huì)做出“戰(zhàn)或逃”的反應(yīng)，而女性通常會(huì)有另一種反應(yīng)，被稱為“照看并成為摯友”。)”及倒數(shù)其次段的“Thetypicalfatherwantedtobeleftalonetoenjoysomepeaceandquiet.(典型的父親希望自己一個(gè)人呆著，享受一些平和和安靜。)”可知，當(dāng)遇到壓力時(shí)，男人更有可能躲避現(xiàn)實(shí)，故選D?！?3題詳解】微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段的“Animalsandpeoplewithhighlevelsofoxytocinarecalmer,morerelaxed,moresocial,andlessanxious.Whilemenalsosecrete(分泌)oxytocin,itseffectsarereducedbymalehormones.(催產(chǎn)素水平高的動(dòng)物和人更安靜，更放松，更社交，更少焦慮。雖然男性也會(huì)分泌催產(chǎn)素，但它的作用會(huì)被男性荷爾蒙所減弱。)”可知，oxytocin對(duì)于女性的影響要比男性大，故選C。【14題詳解】微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段的“However,theUCLAresearchteamfoundthatmenandwomenhavequitedifferentbiologicalandbehavioralresponsestostress.(然而，加州高校洛杉磯分校的探討小組發(fā)覺(jué)，男性和女性對(duì)壓力的生理和行為反應(yīng)迥然不同。)”和第三段的“Scientistshavelongknownthatinthefighttostress,animportantroleisplayedbycertainhormones(激素)releasedbythebody.(科學(xué)家們?cè)缇椭?，在?duì)抗壓力的過(guò)程中，身體釋放的某些激素起著重要作用。)”可知，生物學(xué)上的差異導(dǎo)致了對(duì)壓力的不同行為反應(yīng)。故選B?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的“ResearchersinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles(UCLA)havediscoveredamajordifferenceinthewaymenandwomenrespondtostress.Thisdifferencemayexplainwhymenaremorelikelytosufferfromstressrelateddisorders.(加州高校洛杉磯分校(UCLA)心理學(xué)系的探討人員發(fā)覺(jué)，男性和女性應(yīng)對(duì)壓力的方式存在重大差異。這一差異或許可以說(shuō)明為什么男性更簡(jiǎn)潔患上與壓力有關(guān)的疾病。)”可知，本文主要講的是由于生理上的不同，男女是如何克服壓力的，因此最好的題目是A選項(xiàng)“Howmenandwomenmanagetogetoverstress.(男人和女人是如何克服壓力的。)”，故選A。其次節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Childrenloveplayingoutdoors.Theyusuallygetmuddy,withnoregardforthecolouroftheirclothing.“Don’tgetdirty!”wasonceaconstantfamilywarning,asparentswatchedtheirchildrenruintheirbestclothes.Theywerehappyrunningthroughfarmer’sfieldsorclimbingtrees.____16____Accordingtotheexperts,parentsdon’thavetoconcerntoomuchaboutit.Recentresearchshowsthatthedirtoutsidecandevelopresistancetoarangeofillnesses.Certainnaturalmaterials,suchasmud,containsurprisinglypowerfulmicroorganisms(微生物群)whosepositiveimpactonchildren’shealthweareonlybeginningtofullyunderstand.____17____.Manyofthepsychologicalbenefitsofoutdoorplayareestablishedaswell.Ourbrainsevolvedinbeautifullandscapes,andthewayweperceivetheworldisparticularlysuitedtowildoutdoorspaces.Thismeansthatnaturalscenesprovidetheperfectlevelofstimulation(刺激).____18____OnestudyfoundthatchildrenwithADHD(留意力缺陷多動(dòng)癥)werebetterabletoconcentratefollowinga20-minutewalkinthepark.Beingclosetograssandtreesseemedtohaveabeneficialeffectontheirminds.Outdoorplaycanalsooffervaluablelearningexperiences.____19____.Thustheygraduallyunderstandtheexternalenvironmentandtheinternalconnectionsofthingsindifferentways.Ifchildrenplaywithothers,theycandevelopeffectivestrategiestopromotecommunicationandsocialization.Today,withtheattractionofvideogamesandsocialmedia,contactwithnatureisrarerthaninthepast.Moreandmoreparentsbegintorecognizetheimportanceofoutdoorplay.____20____Theybelievethatnotonlydoesitmakechildrenemotionallyhappybutitalsohasapowerfuleffectontheirwellbeing.A.Outdoorplaydoesbettertochildren’sphysicalgrowth,comparedwithgettingmuddy.B.Formany,itissimplyanopportunitytogetclosetonature.C.Theymaysecretlywishtheirchildrenhadthechancetopickupabitofdirt.D.Theyrecommendusingnatureasanaccessiblewayofinteractingwithothers.E.Ithelpschildrendevelopthewaytheirsensesandmovementinteract.F.Ithelpsrefreshthebrainandevenreducedepressionandanxiety.G.Itwasobviousthatchildren’swhiteswouldturnbrownbeforethedaywasover.【答案】16.G17.A18.F19.E20.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了戶外玩耍對(duì)孩子們有好處?！?6題詳解】由上文“Childrenloveplayingoutdoors.Theyusuallygetmuddy,withnoregardforthecolouroftheirclothing.(孩子們寵愛(ài)在戶外玩耍。不管衣服的顏色如何，它們通常都會(huì)泥濘不堪。)”和“Theywerehappyrunningthroughfarmer’sfieldsorclimbingtrees.(他們很興奮在農(nóng)夫的田地里跑步或爬樹(shù)。)”可知，該空呼應(yīng)上文講戶外玩耍會(huì)讓孩子們的衣服變臟，G選項(xiàng)“很明顯，孩子們的白色衣服在一天結(jié)束之前就會(huì)變成棕色?！鼻泻险Z(yǔ)境。故選G項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】由上文“Recentresearchshowsthatthedirtoutsidecandevelopresistancetoarangeofillnesses.Certainnaturalmaterials,suchasmud,containsurprisinglypowerfulmicroorganisms(微生物群)whosepositiveimpactonchildren’shealthweareonlybeginningtofullyunderstand.(最近的探討表明，外面的污垢可以對(duì)一系列疾病產(chǎn)生抗拒力。某些自然材料，如泥漿，含有令人驚異的強(qiáng)大微生物，它們對(duì)兒童健康的主動(dòng)影響我們才剛剛起先完全了解。)”可知，本段主要講戶外玩耍為孩子們的健康帶來(lái)好處，A選項(xiàng)“與泥濘相比，戶外玩耍對(duì)孩子的身體成長(zhǎng)更有好處。”切合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】由上文“Manyofthepsychologicalbenefitsofoutdoorplayareestablishedaswell.Ourbrainsevolvedinbeautifullandscapes,andthewayweperceivetheworldisparticularlysuitedtowildoutdoorspaces.(戶外玩耍的很多心靈或精神好處也已確立。我們的大腦在漂亮的風(fēng)景中進(jìn)化，我們感知世界的方式特別適合野外空間。)”和下文“OnestudyfoundthatchildrenwithADHD(留意力缺陷多動(dòng)癥)werebetterabletoconcentratefollowinga20-minutewalkinthepark.Beingclosetograssandtreesseemedtohaveabeneficialeffectontheirminds.(一項(xiàng)探討發(fā)覺(jué)，患有多動(dòng)癥的兒童在公園閑逛20分鐘后能夠更好地集中留意力?？拷莸睾蜆?shù)木好像對(duì)他們的思想產(chǎn)生了有益的影響。)”可知，該空承接上下文講戶外玩耍給孩子們帶來(lái)的心靈或精神好處，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“它有助于刷新大腦，甚至削減抑郁和焦慮?！鼻泻险Z(yǔ)境，是心靈或精神好處之一。故選F項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】承接上文“Outdoorplaycanalsooffervaluablelearningexperiences.(戶外嬉戲也可以供應(yīng)珍貴的學(xué)習(xí)閱歷。)”進(jìn)一步講戶外玩耍給孩子們帶來(lái)的學(xué)習(xí)好處，再結(jié)合下文“Thustheygraduallyunderstandtheexternalenvironmentandtheinternalconnectionsofthingsindifferentways.Ifchildrenplaywithothers,theycandevelopeffectivestrategiestopromotecommunicationandsocialization.(因此，他們漸漸以不同的方式理解事物的外部環(huán)境和內(nèi)部聯(lián)系。假如孩子們和其他人一起玩，他們可以制定有效的策略來(lái)促進(jìn)溝通和社會(huì)化。)”可知，戶外玩耍有助于孩子們感知世界，發(fā)展促進(jìn)溝通和社會(huì)化的技能，E選項(xiàng)“它有助于兒童發(fā)展他們的感官和動(dòng)作的溝通方式?！鼻泻险Z(yǔ)境。故選E項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】由上文“Today,withtheattractionofvideogamesandsocialmedia,contactwithnatureisrarerthaninthepast.Moreandmoreparentsbegintorecognizetheimportanceofoutdoorplay.(如今，隨著電子嬉戲和社交媒體的吸引，與大自然的接觸比過(guò)去更加罕見(jiàn)。越來(lái)越多的家長(zhǎng)起先相識(shí)到戶外嬉戲的重要性。)”可知，比起孩子們接觸電子產(chǎn)品，家長(zhǎng)更希望孩子們接觸自然，該空應(yīng)進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明家長(zhǎng)情愿讓孩子們進(jìn)行戶外玩耍，C選項(xiàng)“他們可能私下里希望自己的孩子有機(jī)會(huì)撿一點(diǎn)臟東西?！鼻泻险Z(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Ihadsomeprettyseriousissueswithmycommunityforthelastyear,andourrelationshipcompletelyfellapart6monthsago.Asaresult,I____21____themonsocialmedia,anddidmybesttoforgetaboutthem.Theeventsthoughcontinuedto____22____me,andthe____23____thatIfeltfromthoseeventsaffectedotheraspectsofmylife.ItbegandestroyingrelationshipsinotherpartsofmylifeandIendedup____24____bridgeswithbigopportunitiesandpeopleIreally____25____.Yesterday,Iwasforcedtoseethiscommunitybecauseofamajorworkevent.Iwasfearingthiseventformonthsanditwaspretty____26____whenIfirstsawthepeoplewithwhomIwasin____27____.Despiteallofthis,thestrangestyetmostwonderfulthinghappenedtome.AfterIlefttheevent,IfeltsomethingthatIhadn’tfeltinalongtime-peaceand____28____.Someofthepeopleatthis____29____didn’tevenknowwhoIwasanditwasclearthatalotofpeoplehad____30____fromtheevents.____31____breakingupwiththatcommunity,Icouldstillseethemduringtheconferenceandapologizeinmyheadandforgivethem.Afterdoingthis,Ifeltpeaceinmyself,andIfindI’vebeenabletoseethingsfromabigger____32____.Whenyouforgiveothers,younotonlyfreethem,butyoufreeyourself____33____.Younotonlyfindpeacewiththem,butyoufindpeace____34____yourself.Now,Ionlywishthemthebestlifethattheycanhave,themostsuccessthattheycan____35____,andthemosthappinesstheycouldeverhave.21.A.shared B.posted C.blocked D.contacted22.A.frustrate B.disturb C.defeat D.interrupt23.A.interactions B.emotions C.fantasies D.passions24.A.burning B.building C.crossing D.strengthening25.A.disagreedwith B.sidedwith C.worriedabout D.caredabout26.A.overwhelming B.annoying C.frightening D.embarrassing27.A.harmony B.comparison C.conflict D.contact28.A.security B.confidence C.forgiveness D.comfort29.A.conferen