濟南高三統(tǒng)考試卷講評

2023-2024濟南上學期期末考試

試卷講評閱讀理解A1.awakenorrenewpeople’senthusiasmfor喚醒或更新人們的熱情2.astronaut宇航員astronomer天文學家astronomy天文學3.hands-onexperiencesrange...to實踐經驗從……到4.Moonlitcoastalwalks-月光下的海濱漫步Keywordsandexpressions【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章為那些對太空和天文感興趣的人提供四個旅行建議。句子：TheNASA-operatedKennedySpaceCenterisamustforambitiousastronautsandspace-lovers.由美國宇航局運營的肯尼迪航天中心對于有抱負的宇航員和太空愛好者來說是必去之地。AsanInternationalDarkSkyReserveintheworld,thislovelypartofYorkshire,EnglandishosttotheUK’sfamily-friendlyNationalParksDarkSkiesfestival.作為世界上的國際暗天保護區(qū)之一，英格蘭約克郡的這片可愛地區(qū)舉辦著英國家庭友好的國家公園暗夜星空節(jié)。GettingtothePicduMidiObservatoryisalsoanadventurebyitself,involvingarideontwocable-carsuptoa2,877-meter-highmountain.前往PicduMidi天文臺本身就是一次冒險，需要乘坐兩次纜車到達高達2,877米的山頂。

Hometothelargestsolarobservatoryintheworld,itsitsonSpain’shighestmountain.這里是世界上最大的太陽天文臺所在地，位于西班牙最高的山峰之上。1.arisingstar后起之秀2.secure獲得

熟詞生義：穩(wěn)固的

3.groundbreakingcreation開創(chuàng)性創(chuàng)造4.battleagainst與...作戰(zhàn)5.emergeas嶄露頭角

；一躍成為6.standout突出；顯眼7.finalist參加決賽的選手8.innovativecreation創(chuàng)作新穎innovate---innovation

Keywordsandexpressions閱讀理解B【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了一位14歲來自弗吉尼亞州的年輕科學家HemanBekele，他通過創(chuàng)造一種抗擊皮膚癌的肥皂獲得了“美國頂尖年輕科學家”的稱號。Para2：1.centeron以...為中心2.havethepotentialtoreactivate有重新激活...的潛力3.reflecton反思4.playasignificantroleinshapinghisinnovativethinking對其創(chuàng)新思維的形成起著重要的作用5.associatewithconstantsunexposure與持續(xù)的陽光照射有關6.endlesspassionforbiologyandtechnology-對生物學和技術有著無盡的熱情KeyPhrases閱讀理解BPara3:1.sicience---scientific---scientifically2.exceptionaladj.卓越的，杰出的；不尋常的，罕見的；（心理或身體上）有缺陷的n.（公司賬目上的）異常項目3.accessibleto易接近的；易理解的4.considerateadj.體貼的，考慮周到的(27題C選項)；拓展：consideringprep.考慮到；鑒于withregardto關于；就...而言5.invaluableadj.極為珍貴的；極為有用的；無價的；不可缺少的Keyphrases閱讀理解BAtjust14yearsold,HemanBekeleemergedasthevictorofthe2023YoungScientistChallenge,standingoutamongthetenfinalistswithhisinnovativecreationknownastheSkinCancerTreatingSoap(SCTS).年僅14歲的HemanBekele在2023年年輕科學家挑戰(zhàn)賽中脫穎而出，成為冠軍。他憑借自己的創(chuàng)新發(fā)明——被稱為皮膚癌治療肥皂（SCTS）——在十名決賽選手中顯得尤為突出。Bekele’sbrilliantconceptcentersonthedevelopmentofasoapthatisnotonlyaffordable,

butalsohasthepotentialtoreactivatethebody’snaturaldefendersoftheskintostopskincancer.Bekele的杰出概念集中在開發(fā)一種肥皂上，這種肥皂不僅價格實惠，而且還有可能重新激活皮膚的天然防御機制來阻止皮膚癌。

Para1:outrun超越；比...跑得快Para2：liveoff依靠；依賴

；靠...生活

推展：liveby以...為生

wildlifeecology野生動植物生態(tài)學Para3:takethecake：嶄露頭角Para4:nutritionalvalue營養(yǎng)價值

28題D選項uniqueness獨特性Keyphrases閱讀理解C【導語】本文是一篇說明文。這篇文章主要講述了樹懶的獨特生活方式和適應策略。Fastanimalshavealegupinoutrunning

otheranimals,whichputsthemhighonthefoodchain.習語“havealegup”“有優(yōu)勢”或“領先一步”跑得快的動物在速度上相較于其他動物的優(yōu)勢，以及這種優(yōu)勢如何使它們在食物鏈中占據較高位置?！癟hemeasurementwasintendedtofindoutwhatitcostslothstoliveoveraday,”saysPauli,whoaddsthatadietoflittlebutleaveslacksnutritionalvalueandtheanimal’ssmallsizedoesn’tallowforovereating-soslothsneedtofindwaystomakethemostoftheirdiets,whichmeansusingtinyamountsofenergy,dramaticcontrolofbodytemperatureandlivingatanextremelyslowpace.“這項測量旨在了解樹懶一天的生活成本是多少，”波利（Pauli）說道，他補充說，僅僅以樹葉為食的飲食缺乏營養(yǎng)價值，而樹懶的小體型又不允許它們過量進食——因此，樹懶需要找到充分利用其飲食的方法，這意味著它們要使用極少量的能量，嚴格控制體溫，并以極慢的節(jié)奏生活。Para1:primarydrivingforce主要推動力haveaninborndesire有天生的欲望

curiositygap-好奇心差距unknownideasandterritories-未知的想法和領域stimulation刺激；激勵；興奮作用stimulatev激勵fuelpeople’scuriosity激發(fā)人們的好奇心/arousecuriosityPara3:conductaseriesofexperiments實施一系列實驗Para5:takeadvantageof充分利用automatically自動地intervent干涉interventionn.lackmotivation-缺乏動力34題D。dismissive輕蔑的；鄙視的；不加考慮的Keyphrases閱讀理解D

The

brain

is

often

seen

as

the

most

important

organ

of

us

humans.

It

controls

our

thoughts,emotions,

memories

and

even

our

movements.However,

what

many

people

often

forget

is

that

the

brain

and

the

body

are

closely

connected.36

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了身體與大腦之間的緊密聯(lián)系，特別是運動對大腦功能和心理健康的積極影響。七選五36.實際上，身體深深影響著大腦;此空缺處需要連接前后兩段內容。前一段強調了大腦的重要性，后一段則通過研究表明身體活動對大腦功能的改善。因此，選項B最符合邏輯，起到了承上啟下的作用。B.Actuallythebodydeeplyaffectsthebrain.Studieshaveshownthatregularexercisecansignificantlyimprovecognitivefunctionssuchasmemory,attentionandproblem-solvingabilities.37Howdoesthishappen?Well,theanswerliesintheway(exerciseaffectsthebrain.)Exerciseincreasestheproductionofproteins(thatpromotethegrowthandsurvivalofneurons(神經元)，）thusensuringbetterbrainfunctions.Moreover,exercisehasapositiveimpactonmoodandmentalwell-being.Ithelpsreleasesomenaturalmoodboostersthatmakeusfeelmorepositiveandhappy.3838.此空缺處位于段落末尾，需要總結或擴展前文關于運動對情緒和心理健康的積極影響。選項D“一個運動愛好者不太可能患抑郁癥”與前文提到的運動釋放自然情緒助推器、使人更積極快樂的內容相呼應。D.Anexerciseloverisunlikelytosufferdepression.A.Itevenstrengthenscreativity.37.段中題，結合前文規(guī)律運動的優(yōu)點，以及下文中this代詞，應該接著寫運動的優(yōu)點，A項中even屬于并列中的遞進Asfortheexercisevarieties,it'snotjustaboutaerobic(有氧的)exerciseslikerunningorcycling.37Itimprovesconcentrationanddecision-makingabilitiesbyenhancingtheconnectivitybetweendifferentregionsofthebrain.

40Exerciseisn'tjustaboutkeepingfitorlosingweight;it'saboutimprovingcognitivefunctions,boostingmoodandevenhelpingusthinkmorecreatively.So,thenexttimeyoufeellazyorunmotivatedtoexercise,rememberthat

everystepyoutakeisonestepclosertoahealthier,happierandmoreintelligentyou.F.

Strengthtraininghasalsobeenshowntobenefitthebrain.此空缺處需要引入除了有氧運動之外的其他運動形式對大腦的好處。選項F“力量訓練也被證明對大腦有益”符合這一要求，并引出了下文關于不同運動形式對大腦功能的具體影響。G.Thelinksbetweenthebrainandthebodycannotbeoverstated.此空缺處位于段落開頭，需要引出下文關于運動如何影響大腦的討論。選項G“大腦和身體之間的聯(lián)系再怎么強調也不為過”強調了身體與大腦之間的緊密聯(lián)系，為下文的具體解釋做了鋪墊。詞匯connected

adj.[計]連接的；有聯(lián)系的；連貫的v.連接（過去式）connective

adj.連合的，連接的

n.連接詞；連接物connectible

adj.可聯(lián)結的

connection

n.連接；關系；連接件connector

n.連接器，連接頭

connectivity

n.[數]連通性，連接性短語：improvecognitivefunctions改善認知功能haveapositiveimpacton（對...有積極影響）moodboosters（情緒助推器）feelmorepositiveandhappy（感到更加積極和快樂）enhancingtheconnectivitybetweendifferentregionsofthebrain（增強大腦不同區(qū)域之間的連接）cannotbeoverstated/overemphasizedcannotemphasizetheimportanceof~toomuch.再怎么強調/重視都不過分例句：Theimportanceofmarketresearchcannotbeoverstated.市場調研的重要性無論怎樣強調都不為過。類似的結構：cannot…too;cannot…over-；cannot…enough等表示“無論怎樣也不為過”，“越…越好”，其意義是肯定的。decision-makingabilities做決定的能力/決策能力problem-solvingabilities解決問題的能力feelunmotivatedtoexercise沒有動力運動boostmood

提升情緒句子："Thebrainisoftenseenasthemostimportantorganofushumans."大腦通常被視為我們人類最重要的器官。"Regularexercisecansignificantlyimprovecognitivefunctionssuchasmemory,attentionandproblem-solvingabilities."定期運動可以顯著改善認知功能，如記憶、注意力和解決問題的能力。"Exerciseincreasestheproductionofproteinsthatpromotethegrowthandsurvivalofneurons,thusensuringbetterbrainfunctions."運動增加了促進神經元生長和存活的蛋白質的產生，從而確保了更好的大腦功能。"Asfortheexercisevarieties,it'snotjustaboutaerobicexerciseslikerunningorcycling."至于運動的種類，不僅僅是像跑步或騎自行車這樣的有氧運動。"Exerciseisn'tjustaboutkeepingfitorlosingweight;it'saboutimprovingcognitivefunctions,boostingmoodandevenhelpingusthinkmorecreatively."運動不僅僅是關于保持健康或減肥；它是關于改善認知功能、提升情緒，甚至幫助我們更有創(chuàng)造性地思考。thenexttimeyoufeellazyorunmotivatedtoexercise,rememberthateverystepyoutakeisonestepclosertoahealthier,happierandmoreintelligentyou."下一次當你感到懶惰或沒有動力去鍛煉時，記住你邁出的每一步都是朝著一個更健康、更快樂、更聰明的自己邁進的一步。【導語】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了一個兩歲的小女孩丟失了，在救援中各部門行動迅速，積極配合，不懈努力，讓孩子及時得救。Atwo-year-oldgirlinNewberryCountyhadlastbeenseenatabout3:00p.m.,butshewasmissinglaterintheday.Thesituationtooka41turnaround6:00p.m.whenahunterintheareaheardthecriesofthemissingchild.Reactingimmediately,thehunter42anemergencycalltellingauthoritiesthechild’slocation.Theoperators43

immediately,applyingadvancedmappingtechnologytolocatetheposition.Thiscrucialinformationwasthen44senttoaSouthCarolinaLawEnforcementDivision(SLED)andthecounty’sfirst45.hopefulWiththelocationdatainhand,asearchteamwasquickly46C

tothewoodedarea.Thetirelesseffortsoftheserescueworkersultimately47Daheartwarmingreunion.Themissingtwo-year-oldwasfoundintheforest,safeandsoundexceptsomeslightinjuries.Despiteher48Aexperience,shewasfoundtobeinsurprisinglygood49B,exceptherunderstandabletiredness,thirstandfear.46．A．adaptingB．returning C．heading D．pointing47．A．paidfor B．setup C．tookon D．ledto48．A．frighteningB．regretful C．annoyingD．shameful49．A．shape B．mind C．order D．faith50．A．risky B．remarkableC．traditional D．joyful51．A．respect B．cooperationC．balance D．discussion52．A．blessing B．kindness C．concern D．gratitude53．A．offering B．praising C．advocatingD．assessing54．A．performance B．virtue C．recovery D．courage55．A．edited B．perfected C．performed D．celebrated詞匯積累tookahopefulturn-發(fā)生變化/轉機

placeanemergencycall緊急呼叫reactimmediately-立即反應applyadvancedmappingtechnologytolocatetheposition-應用先進的地圖技術來定位bequicklydispatchedto被迅速派往bequicklyheadingtothewoodedareasafeandsound安然無恙ledtoaheartwarmingreunion促成了一次感人的團聚expressedtheirgratitudefor-對...表示感謝insurprisinglygoodshape狀態(tài)良好inthecareof-由...照顧

incaseof萬一發(fā)生，如果有heroicactions（英勇行為）heartwarmingsuccessstory（感人的成功故事）heroicactions（英勇行為）thecollaboration/cooperationbetween...之間的合作/協(xié)作Atwo-year-oldgirlinNewberryCountyhadlastbeenseenatabout3:00p.m.,butshewasmissinglaterintheday.新貝里縣的一名兩歲女孩最后一次被看到是在下午3點左右，但當天晚些時候她就失蹤了。（事件的時間，地點，人物，事件）Withthelocationdatainhand,asearchteamwasquicklydispatched/headingtothewoodedarea.有了位置數據，搜救隊很快就被派往了林區(qū)。beheadingto朝...方向前進Thetirelesseffortsoftheserescueworkersultimatelyledtoaheartwarmingreunion.這些救援人員的不懈努力最終促成了一次感人的團聚?！緦дZ】本文是一篇說明文。文章詳細介紹了大運河的歷史、功能、影響以及與杭州亞運會吉祥物宸宸的關聯(lián)。GrandCanalisoneofthegreatengineeringwondersbuiltbyancientChinese.“Itbearswitness36aremarkableandearlydevelopmentofhydraulic(水利的)engineering,”theUNESCOwebsitestates.Inancienttimes,theGrandCanal37(serve)asthemainchannelforgraintransportandeverykindofeconomicandculturalexchange.Italsofacilitatedthetime-consumingjourneysoflaborersandmaterialsforthe38(construct)oftheForbiddenCityinBeijing,thecapitalcityoftheYuan,MingandQingDynasties.oneofthegreatengineeringwonders最