電力專業(yè)英語閱讀與翻譯 課件 7-Alternating-Current Electric Machines、8-Electric Machines

電力專業(yè)英語(7)Alternating-CurrentElectricMachines參考教材：朱永強.電力專業(yè)英語閱讀與翻譯.機械工業(yè)出版社，2024-06ElectricalMachine電機電機的種類發(fā)電機generator電動機motor狹義的innarrowsense廣義的inbroadsense旋轉(zhuǎn)電機rotarymachine靜止電機staticmachinegeneratormotortransformerOnlythese

willbediscussedElectricalMachine電機電機的種類交流電機ACmachine直流電機DCmachine根據(jù)輸出accordingtooutput根據(jù)運行特點accordingtooperationfeature同步電機synchronousmachine異步電機asynchronousmachine感應(yīng)電機inductionmachineElectricalMachine電機Exercise同步發(fā)電機異步電動機特性用途同步發(fā)電機synchronousgenerator異步電動機asynchronousmotor感應(yīng)電機inductionmachine感應(yīng)電機能有多少種組合？定子stator轉(zhuǎn)子rotor電機的基本結(jié)構(gòu)氣隙airgapStructureofElectricalMachine電機結(jié)構(gòu)固定的stationary旋轉(zhuǎn)的revolvingrotatingturningrotaryComponentsandPrincipleofoperationofInductionMotorsTherotorisseparatedfromthestatorbyasmallairgapthatrangesfrom0.4mmto4mm,dependingonthepowerofthemotor.嘗試翻譯Therotorisseparatedfromthestatorbyasmallairgapthatrangesfrom0.4mmto4mm,dependingonthepowerofthemotor.重點關(guān)注asmallairgap作為介詞的賓語，本身又帶有較長的定語，這在翻譯時容易造成句子拗口不通順，可以適當(dāng)拆解和調(diào)整語序，構(gòu)造新的句子，把較長的定語以謂語的形式表示Therotorisseparatedfromthestatorbyasmallairgap;theairgaprangesfrom0.4mmto4mm;thisdependson

thepowerofthemotor.ComponentsandPrincipleofoperationofInductionMotorsTherotorisseparatedfromthestatorbyasmallairgapthatrangesfrom0.4mmto4mm,dependingonthepowerofthemotor.嘗試翻譯Therotorisseparatedfromthestatorbyasmallairgapthatrangesfrom0.4mmto4mm,dependingonthepowerofthemotor.轉(zhuǎn)子與定子通過氣隙隔開，該氣隙從0.4毫米到4毫米，這取決于電動機的功率。n.轉(zhuǎn)子rotorstator翻譯生詞airgapn.定子n.氣隙PrincipleofoperationofInductionMotors:

感應(yīng)電動機的工作原理：Abalancedthree-phasesource（current）三相對稱電源(電流)statorwindings定子繞組afieldrotatingatsynchronousspeedns產(chǎn)生ns同步速旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場inducingvoltageinrotorwindings(current)轉(zhuǎn)子繞組中感應(yīng)出電動勢(電流)relativemotionproducingatorqueacceleratingrotortonfollowingns產(chǎn)生轉(zhuǎn)矩加速轉(zhuǎn)子以nr跟隨nsnr<ns“asynchronous”“異步”由來ComponentsandPrincipleofoperationofInductionMotors嘗試翻譯Itsvaluedependsupontheslipandhenceuponthespeedofthemotor.EquivalentCircuitandCharacteristicsofInductionMotors翻譯其數(shù)值取決于滑差因而由電動機的速度決定。說明句中出現(xiàn)了省略的情況。事實上，從邏輯上講，連詞and連接了兩個并列的謂語，分別是dependsupontheslip和dependsuponthespeedofthemotor，其中第二個謂語的動詞depend省略了，在翻譯時應(yīng)注意。Itsvaluedependsupontheslipandhenceuponthespeedofthemotor.生詞n.滑差slipEquivalentCircuitandCharacteristicsofInductionMotors嘗試翻譯Thisequivalentcircuitofawound-rotorinductionmotorissosimilartothatofatransformerthatitisnotsurprisingthatthewound-rotorinductionmotorissometimescalledarotarytransformer.Thisequivalentcircuitofawound-rotorinductionmotorissosimilartothatofatransformerthatitisnotsurprisingthatthewound-rotorinductionmotorissometimescalledarotarytransformer.解釋說明等效電路equivalentcircuit類似similarto旋轉(zhuǎn)變壓器rotarytransformer整個句子的意思大致就是繞線式電機的等效電路類似旋轉(zhuǎn)變壓器重點關(guān)注句中的三個that用法各不相同Thisequivalentcircuitofawound-rotorinductionmotorissosimilartothatofatransformerthatitisnotsurprisingthatthewound-rotorinductionmotorissometimescalledarotarytransformer.第一個that引導(dǎo)了一個名詞短語thatofatransformer，

代指equivalentcircuit，作為besimilarto的賓語。第二個that與so遙相呼應(yīng)，組成一個詞組so…that…，

表示“如此…以至…”。第三個與前面的內(nèi)容構(gòu)成句型itisnotsurprisingthat，實際上它是引導(dǎo)了一個賓語從句。EquivalentCircuitandCharacteristicsofInductionMotors重點關(guān)注為了便于理解和翻譯，句子可以拆解為Thisequivalentcircuitofawound-rotorinductionmotorissosimilartothatofatransformerthatitisnotsurprisingthatthewound-rotorinductionmotorissometimescalledarotarytransformer.Thisequivalentcircuitofawound-rotorinductionmotorissimilartothatofatransformer;soitisnotsurprisingthatthewound-rotorinductionmotorissometimescalledarotarytransformer.EquivalentCircuitandCharacteristicsofInductionMotors翻譯繞線式感應(yīng)電動機的這個等效電路與變壓器的如此類似，以至繞線式感應(yīng)電動機有時被稱為旋轉(zhuǎn)變壓器并不奇怪。equivalentcircuitofawound-rotormotor：繞線式電動機等效電路：similartoatransformer（“rotarytransformer”）類似變壓器（“旋轉(zhuǎn)變壓器”）start-up(s=1)tosynchronousspeed(s=0)

從起動(s=1)一直到同步速(s=0)EquivalentCircuitandCharacteristicsofInductionMotorsTheequivalentcircuitofasquirrel-cageinductionmotoristhesame,exceptthatR2isthenequaltotheequivalentresistancer2oftherotoralonereferredtothestator,therebeingnoexternalresistor.嘗試翻譯翻譯鼠籠式感應(yīng)電動機的等效電路是一樣的，不過R2等于折算到定子側(cè)的轉(zhuǎn)子自己的等效電阻r2

，沒有額外的電阻。說明詞組referto表示“折算到”。介詞except有兩個賓語，一是that從句，一是therebe的動名詞短語。EquivalentCircuitandCharacteristicsofInductionMotorsequivalentcircuitofasquirrel-cagemotor：鼠籠式電動機等效電路：sametoawound-rotormotor

和繞線式一樣noexternalrotorresistor

轉(zhuǎn)子沒有外接電阻EquivalentCircuitandCharacteristicsofInductionMotorsSynchronousGeneratorsandMotorsThefrequencyoftheinducedalternatingvoltagesandoftheresultingcurrentsthatflowinthestatorwindingswhenaloadisconnecteddependsonthespeedoftherotor.嘗試翻譯重點關(guān)注Thefrequencyoftheinducedalternatingvoltagesandoftheresultingcurrentsthatflowinthestatorwindingswhenaloadisconnecteddependsonthespeedoftherotor.解釋說明dependon的主語是什么？SynchronousMachine同步電機frequency句子的主干frequencydependsonthespeedoftherotor.SynchronousGeneratorsandMotorsThefrequencyoftheinducedalternatingvoltagesandoftheresultingcurrentsthatflowinthestatorwindingswhenaloadisconnecteddependsonthespeedoftherotor.重點關(guān)注翻譯感應(yīng)出的交流電壓的頻率和接有負(fù)荷時流過定子的電流的頻率，取決于轉(zhuǎn)子的速度。說明句中出現(xiàn)了省略的情況。事實上，連詞and連接了兩個并列的主體，共同作為整個句子的主語，共用一個謂語動詞depend。這兩個主體分別是thefrequencyoftheinducedalternatingvoltages和thefrequencyoftheresultingcurrents，其中第二個短語的frequency省略了，在翻譯時應(yīng)注意。嘗試翻譯Wecanthereforereducetheamountofinsulationintheslotswhich,inturn,enablesustoincreasethecrosssectionoftheconductorswhichpermitsustoincreasethecurrentand,hence,thepoweroutputofthemachine.SynchronousGeneratorsandMotors重點關(guān)注Wecanthereforereducetheamountofinsulationintheslotswhich,inturn,enablesustoincreasethecrosssectionoftheconductorswhichpermitsustoincreasethecurrentand,hence,thepoweroutputofthemachine.SynchronousGeneratorsandMotors重點關(guān)注Wecanthereforereducetheamountofinsulationintheslotswhich,inturn,enablesustoincreasethecrosssectionoftheconductorswhichpermitsustoincreasethecurrentand,hence,thepoweroutputofthemachine.解釋說明減少vtreduce增加，增大increase減少，縮小decrease這對反義詞，有多種詞性vt,vi,n減少，縮小vminish減少，減輕vlessen增加，增大vaugment增加vtaddSynchronousGeneratorsandMotors重點關(guān)注Wecanthereforereducetheamountofinsulationintheslotswhich,inturn,enablesustoincreasethecrosssectionoftheconductorswhichpermitsustoincreasethecurrentand,hence,thepoweroutputofthemachine.解釋說明reducetheamountofinsulationintheslots第一個

which指的是什么？increasethecrosssectionoftheconductors第二個

which指的是什么？SynchronousGeneratorsandMotors重點關(guān)注Wecanthereforereducetheamountofinsulationintheslotswhich,inturn,enablesustoincreasethecrosssectionoftheconductorswhichpermitsustoincreasethecurrentand,hence,thepoweroutputofthemachine.解釋說明因此therefore又，進(jìn)而，接下來inturn因而henceSynchronousGeneratorsandMotors重點關(guān)注Wecanthereforereducetheamountofinsulationintheslotswhich,inturn,enables

ustoincreasethecrosssectionoftheconductorswhichpermits

ustoincreasethecurrentand,hence,thepoweroutputofthemachine.解釋說明使我們可以（做什么）enableusto允許我們（去做什么）permitustoSynchronousGeneratorsandMotors嘗試給出通順的譯文Wecanthereforereducetheamountofinsulationintheslotswhich,inturn,enablesustoincreasethecrosssectionoftheconductorswhichpermitsustoincreasethecurrentand,hence,thepoweroutputofthemachine.參考譯文：因此，我們可以減少槽中的絕緣（介質(zhì)）數(shù)量，使我們接下來可以增大導(dǎo)體的橫截面以增大電流，進(jìn)而提高電機的輸出功率。句子中出現(xiàn)了含義接近、前后重復(fù)的內(nèi)容enablesusto和permitsusto,在翻譯時可以適當(dāng)省略，以使句子簡單明了。SynchronousGeneratorsandMotors

典型的500MW同步發(fā)電機及其直流勵磁機的示意圖和剖面圖pilotexciter副勵磁機，mainexiter主勵磁機commutator換向器，slipring滑環(huán)，brush電刷SynchronousGenerator同步發(fā)電機frequencyofthesource電源頻率

fixedspeedofrotation轉(zhuǎn)速恒定ensure

確定Asynchronousmotor：同步電動機cannotstartbyitselfwithexcitation,canproducereactivepowerSynchronousMotors同步電動機SynchronousCondenserstartupasaninductionmotorsoftstart-up軟起動作為感應(yīng)電機起動具備勵磁，可提供無功同步調(diào)相機不能自起動嘗試翻譯However,synchronousmotorsareusednotsomuchbecausetheyrunatconstantspeedbutbecausetheypossessotheruniqueelectricalproperties.SynchronousGeneratorsandMotors重點關(guān)注However,synchronousmotorsareusednotsomuchbecausetheyrunatconstantspeedbutbecausetheypossessotheruniqueelectricalproperties.解釋說明擁有，占有possess獨特的，唯一的unique性質(zhì)，財產(chǎn)property具有…性質(zhì)；擁有…財產(chǎn)possess…propertySynchronousGeneratorsandMotors重點關(guān)注However,synchronousmotorsareusednotsomuchbecausetheyrunatconstantspeedbutbecausetheypossessotheruniqueelectricalproperties.解釋說明紅字部分怎么理解？（同步電動機）用得沒那么多，因為……areusednotsomuch,because

…這與后面的butbecause不匹配SynchronousGeneratorsandMotors重點關(guān)注However,synchronousmotorsareusednotsomuchbecausetheyrunatconstantspeedbutbecausetheypossessotheruniqueelectricalproperties.解釋說明紅字部分怎么理解？（同步電動機）用得如此之多，不是因為…而是因為…areusedsomuch,notbecause

…這與后面的butbecause可以匹配從教材中的上下文，看不出同步電動機用得很多SynchronousGeneratorsandMotors重點關(guān)注However,synchronousmotorsareusednotsomuchbecausetheyrunatconstantspeedbutbecausetheypossessotheruniqueelectricalproperties.解釋說明紅字部分怎么理解？（同步電動機）使用，不是主要因為…而是因為…areused,notsomuchbecause

…這與后面的butbecause可以匹配想一想，是不是這樣？SynchronousGeneratorsandMotors翻譯然而，使用同步電動機不僅僅是因為它們以恒定的速度運行，還由于它們具有其它獨特的電氣特性。本課程參考教材：朱永強《電力專業(yè)英語閱讀與翻譯》機械工業(yè)出版社2024-06電力專業(yè)英語(8)ElectricMachines參考教材：朱永強.電力專業(yè)英語閱讀與翻譯.機械工業(yè)出版社，2024-06嘗試翻譯Irrelevantasitmayseem,thestudyofadcgeneratorhastobeginwithaknowledgeoftheacgenerator.generatinganACvoltage重點關(guān)注Irrelevantasitmayseem,thestudyofadcgeneratorhastobeginwithaknowledgeoftheacgenerator.解釋說明相關(guān)的relevant不相關(guān)的irrelevant規(guī)則的regular不規(guī)則的irregular理性的，有理的rational無理性的，無理的irrational無理數(shù)irrationalnumbergeneratinganACvoltage重點關(guān)注Irrelevantasitmayseem,thestudyofadcgeneratorhastobeginwithaknowledgeoftheacgenerator.解釋說明知識 n.[U]knowledge對…的了解aknowledgeof某一方面的總體認(rèn)識認(rèn)識，了解，熟悉 n.[C]generatinganACvoltage嘗試翻譯Irrelevantasitmayseem,thestudyofadcgeneratorhastobeginwithaknowledgeoftheacgenerator.參考譯文可能看上去并不相關(guān)，直流發(fā)電機的研究必須從對交流發(fā)電機的了解開始。generatinganACvoltagegeneratinganACvoltagecoilrotatescutsacrossthefluxvoltageisinducedsliprings滑環(huán)線圈旋轉(zhuǎn)

切割磁力線感應(yīng)出電壓

初級交流發(fā)電機示意圖cutacross原意“抄近路通過”在這里指“切割”generatinganACvoltageRelationshipbetweeninductionvoltageandrotoranglemaximumwhenthecoilismomentarily

inthehorizontalpositionzerowhenthecoilismomentarily

intheverticalpositionpolaritychangeseveryhalfaturn線圈每轉(zhuǎn)半圈電壓極性變化一次線圈處于水平位置的瞬間，

感應(yīng)電壓最大線圈處于豎直位置的瞬間，

感應(yīng)電壓為零

generatinganDCvoltage初級直流發(fā)電機就是配備了稱為換向器的機械整流器的交流發(fā)電機嘗試翻譯成英文？IfthebrushesinFig.8.lcouldbeswitchedfromoneslipringtotheothereverytimethepolaritywasabouttochange,wewouldobtainavoltageofconstantpolarityacrosstheload.嘗試翻譯翻譯如果每次極性將要改變時圖8-1中的電刷都能從一個滑環(huán)切換到另一個（滑環(huán)），就可以得到經(jīng)過負(fù)荷的極性不變的電壓。說明詞組everytime引導(dǎo)了一個時間狀語從句，在翻譯時可以適當(dāng)提前（按照中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，時間狀語一般不出現(xiàn)在謂語動詞的后面）。詞組beaboutto表示“即將，將要，打算”。英文科技文獻(xiàn)習(xí)慣用被動語態(tài)的形式表達(dá)，當(dāng)不方便用被動語態(tài)時，往往用we作為主語構(gòu)造主動語態(tài)的句子。而作為主語的we通常不必翻譯。Direct-CurrentGeneratorAcommutatorinitssimplestformiscomposedofaslipringthatiscutinhalf,witheachsegmentinsulatedfromtheotheraswellasfromtheshaft.嘗試翻譯翻譯形式最簡單的換向器由一分為二的滑環(huán)組成，每一段在與軸絕緣的同時也彼此絕緣。說明詞組initssimplestform意思是“以其最簡單的形式”。詞組cutinhalf意思是“切為兩半”。詞組aswellas表示“在…的同時也…”，需要注意的是，如果以（StateA）aswellas（StateB）的形式出現(xiàn)，則恰當(dāng)?shù)姆g方法是“在（StateB）的同時也（StateA）”。Direct-CurrentGenerator嘗試翻譯Commercialdcgeneratorsandmotorsarebuiltthesameway;consequently,anydcgeneratorcanoperateasamotorandviceversa.