2018年考研英語(yǔ)二真題答案解析

2018年研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)二真題及解析

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions：

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumbered

blankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

whydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthat

willobviouslybepainful?Becausehumanshaveaninherentneedto1

uncertainty,accordingtoarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.The

newresearchrevealsthattheneedtoknowissostrongthatpeoplewiill

2tosatisfytheircuriosityevenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill3.

Inaseriesoffourexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityof

ChicagoandtheWisconsinSchoolofBusinesstestedstudents'

willingnessto4themselvestounpleasantstimuliinanefforttosatisfy

curiosity.Forone5eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthatthe

researcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment.Thetwist?Halfof

thepenswould6anelectricshockwhenclicked.

Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswereelectrified;another

twenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified7leftaloneinthe

room,thestudentswhodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthem

clickedmorepensandincurredmoreshocksthanthestudentswho

knewwhatwould8.Subsequentexperimentsreproducedthiseffectwith

otherstimuli,9thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardand

photographsofdisgustinginsects.

Thedriveto10isdeeplyrootedinhumans,muchthesameasthebasic

drivesfor11orshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityof

Chicago.Curiosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct-itcan12new

scientificadvances,forinstance-butsometimessuch13can

backfire.Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo14thingsisa

profoundone.Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto15,however.Inafinal

experiment,participantswhowereencouragedto16howtheywouldfeel

afterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto17toseesuchan

image.Theseresultssuggestthatimaginingthe18offollowingthrough

onone'scuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine19itisworththe

endeavor.Thinkingaboutlong-term20iskeytoreducingthepossible

negativeeffectsofcuriosity."Hseesays.lnotherwords,don'treadonline

comments.

1.A.resolveB.protectC.discussD.ignore

2.A.refuseB.waitC.seekD.regret

3.A.riseB.lastC.misleadD.hurt

4.A.alertB.tieC.exposeD.treat

5.A.messageB.trialC.reviewD.concept

6.A.removeB.weakenC.deliverD.interrupt

7.A.UnlessB.lfC.ThoughD.When

8.A.happenB.continueC.disappearD.change

9.A.ratherthanB.suchasC.regardlessofD.owingto

10.A.disagreeB.forgiveC.forgetD.discover

11.A.payB.marriageC.foodD.schooling

12.A.beginwithB.restonC.learnfromD.leadto

13.A.withdrawalB.inquiryC.persistenceD.diligence

14.A.self-destiuctiveB.self-reliantC.self-evidentD.self-deceptive

15.A.resistB.defineC.replaceD.trace

16.A.predictB.overlookC.designD.conceal

17.A.rememberB.chooseC.promiseD.pretend

18.A.reliefB.planC.outcomeD.duty

19.A.whetherB.whyC.whereD.how

20.A.IimitationsB.investmentsC.strategiesD.consequences

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby

choosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40

points)

Text1

ItiscuriousthatStephenKoziatekfeelsalmostasthoughhehasto

justifyhiseffortstogivehisstudentsabetterfuture.

Mr.Koziatekispartofsomethingpioneering.HeisateacherataNew

Hampshirehighschoolwherelearningisnotsomethingofbooksand

testsandmechanicalmemorization,butpractical.Whendiditbecome

acceptedwisdomthatstudentsshouldbeabletonamethe13th

presidentoftheUnitedStatesbutbeutterlyoverwhelmedbyabroken

bikechain?

AsKoziatekknows,thereislearninginjustabouteverything.Nothingis

necessarilygainedbyforcingstudentstolearngeometryatagraffitied

deskstuckwithgenerationsofdiscardedchewinggum.Theycanalso

learngeometrybyassemblingabicycle.

Buthe'salsofoundakindofinsidiousprejudice.Workingwithyour

handsisseenasalmostamarkofinferiority.Schoolsinthefamilyof

vocationaleducation“havethatstereotype..thatit'sforkidswhocan't

makeitacademically,nhesays.

Ononehand,thatviewpointisalogicalproductofAmerica's

evolution.Manufacturingisnottheeconomicenginethatitoncewas.The

jobsecuritythattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduates

haslargelyevaporated.Moreeducationisthenewprinciple.Wewant

moreforourkids,andrigitfullyso.

Buttheheadlongpushintobachelor'sdegreesforall-andthesubtle

devaluingofanythingless-missesanimportantpoint:That'snottheonly

thingtheAmericaneconomyneds.Yes,abachelor'sdegreeopensmore

doors.Butevennow,54percentofthejobsinthecountryaremiddle-skill

jobs,suchasconstructionandhigh-skillmanufacturing.Butonly44

percentofworkersareadequatelytrained.

Inotherwords,atatimewhentheworkingclasshasturnedthecountry

onitspoliticalhead,frustratedthattheopportunitythatoncedefined

Americaisvanishing,oneobvioussolutionisstaringusintheface.There

isagapinworking-classjobs,buttheworkerswhoneedthosejobsmost

aren'tequippedtodothem.Koziatek'sManchesterSchoolofTechnology

HighSchoolistryingtofillthatgap.

Koziatek'sschoolisawake-upcall.Wheneducationbecomes

one-size-fits-all,itrisksoverlookinganation'sdiversiyofgifts.

21.Abrokanbikechainismentionedtoshowstudents'lackof,

A.mechanicalmemorization

B.academictraining

C.practicalability

0.pioneeringspirit

22.Thereexiststheprejudicethatvocationaleducationisforkids

who.

A.arefinanciallydisadvantaged

B.arenotacademicallysuccessful

C.haveastereotypedmind

D.havenocareermotivation

23.WecaninferfromParagraph5thathighschoolgraduates.

A.areentitledtomoreEducationalprivileges

B.arereluctanttoworkinmanufacturing

C.usedtohavemorejobopportunities

D.usedtohavebigfinancialconcerns

24.Theheadlongpushintobacheloi'sdegreesforall.

A.helpscreatealotofmiddle-skilljobs

B.maynarrowthegapinworking-classjobs

C.isexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedworkforce

0.indicatestheovervaluingofhighereducation

25.Theauthor'sattitudetowardKoziatek'sschoolcanbedescribed

as.

A.supportive

B.disappointed

C.tolerant

D.cautious

21.答案Cpracticalability

這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞可定位至第二段最后一句話,意思是"什么時(shí)候

這種觀點(diǎn)變得可接受了呢？學(xué)生應(yīng)該能夠說(shuō)出美國(guó)第十三任總統(tǒng)的名字，但是卻

完全對(duì)壞了的自行車鏈?zhǔn)譄o(wú)策”。從作者使用問(wèn)句的形式就可判斷出作者并不

接受這種觀點(diǎn)，即學(xué)生只學(xué)會(huì)書本上的知識(shí)而不具備實(shí)際能力。再結(jié)合上一句

話即本段第二句話，MrKoziatek是NewHampshire高中的一名老師，在這所

學(xué)校，學(xué)習(xí)不只是書本上的知識(shí)，或者是為了考試，也不是為了機(jī)械化的記憶,

而是為了實(shí)際的技能。能看出，作者認(rèn)為學(xué)生們?nèi)鄙俚氖菍?shí)際技能，所以答案

是Cpracticalability.

22.答案Barenotacademicallysuccessful

這是一道具體細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞職業(yè)教育對(duì)孩子存在的偏見可定位至第

四段最后一句，意思是“在很多職業(yè)化教育的學(xué)校中，有這樣一種老套的思想，

那就是，職業(yè)教育是針對(duì)那些在學(xué)術(shù)上不能成功的那些孩子的。”根據(jù)這句話可

確定答案就是Barenotacademicallysuccessfulo其他選項(xiàng)均不符合文意。

23.答案Cusedtohavemorejobopportunities

這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題，根據(jù)題干第五段和highschoolgraduates回到原文定

位致第五段第三句，說(shuō)到美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)曾經(jīng)提供給高中畢業(yè)生的那種thejob

security已經(jīng)在很大程度上evaporated也就是消失了，那說(shuō)明過(guò)去的時(shí)候高中

畢業(yè)生是有職業(yè)安全感的，故選C,其他選項(xiàng)都不在定位處，可以排除。

24.答案Dindicatetheovervaluingofhighereducation

這是一道事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干內(nèi)容“theheadlongpush”找到出處是第六段開

頭But后，發(fā)現(xiàn)后面還有一個(gè)and...和其并列，所以主要關(guān)注對(duì)這兩部分的評(píng)

價(jià)，后面有明顯的標(biāo)點(diǎn)：冒號(hào)出現(xiàn)，冒號(hào)后說(shuō)thatisnottheonlythingthe

Americaneconomyneeds.可以看出這句話對(duì)前面的否定，選血中只有D選

項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞overvalue顯負(fù)面詞，而且提到主題詞education。故選D。這道題最

適合用感情色彩來(lái)排除與D相反的其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)。

25.答案Asupportive

這是一道態(tài)度題，放在最末的態(tài)度題更傾向于到最后一段找答案。通過(guò)定位詞

Koziatek'sschool看到最后一段也確實(shí)提到了，說(shuō)它是一個(gè)wake-upcall。

也就是在喚醒人們教育不應(yīng)該是統(tǒng)一的形式，這樣會(huì)overlookinganation's

diversityofgifts,也就是忽視人才的差異性。所以可以看出作者是支持的態(tài)度。

Text2

Whilefossilfuels-coal,oil,gas-stillgenerateroughly85percentofthe

world'senergysupply,it'sclearerthaneverthatthefuturebelongsto

renewablesourcessuchaswindandsolar.Themovetorenewablesis

pickingupmomentumaroundtheworld:Theynowaccountformorethan

halfofnewpowersourcesgoingonline.

Somegrowthstemsfromacommitmentbygovernmentsandfarsighted

Businssestofundcleanerenergysources.But

increasinglythestoryisabouttheplummetingpricesof

renewables,especiallywindandsolar.Thecostofsolarpanelshas

droppedby80percentandthecostofwindturbinesbyclosetaone-third

inthepasteightyears.

Inmanypartsoftheworldrenewableenergyisalreadyaprincipalenergy

source.lnScotland,forexample,windturbinesprovideenoughelectricity

topower95percentofhomes.Whiletherestoftheworldtakesthelead,

notablyChinaandEurope,theUnitedStatesisalsoseeingaremarkable

shift.InMarch,forthefirsttime,windandsolarpoweraccountedformore

than10percentofthepowergeneratedintheUS,reportedtheUSEnergy

InformationAdministration.

PresidentTrumphasunderlinedfossilfuels-especiallycoal-asthe

pathtoeconomicgrowth.InarecentspeechinIowa,hedismissedwind

powerasanunreliableenergysource,Butthatmessagedidnotplaywell

withmanyinIowa,wherewindturbinesdotthefieldsandprovide36

percentofthestate'selectricitygeneration-andwheretechgiantslike

Microsoftarebeingattractedbytheavailabilityofcleanenergytopower

theirdatacenters.

Thequestion“whathappenswhenthewinddoesn'tbloworthesun

doesn'tshine?"hasprovidedaquickput-downforskeptics.Butaboost

inthestorageapacityofbatteriesismakingtheirabilitytokeeppower

flowingaroundtheclockmorelikely.

Theadvanceisdriveninparbyvehiclemanufacturers,whoareplacing

bigbetsonbattery-poweredelectricvehicles.Althoughelectriccarsare

stillararityonroadsnow.thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethe

picturerapidlyincomingyears.

Whilethere'salongwaytogo,thetrendlinesforrenewablesarespiking.

Thepaceofchangeinenergysourcesappearstobespeedingup

perhaps:justintimetohaveameaningfuleffectinslowingclimate

change.WhatWashingtondoes-ordoesn'tdo-topromotealternative

energymaymeanlessandlessatimeofaglobalshiftinthought.

26.Theword"plummeting"(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto

A.stabilizing

B.changing

C.falling

D.rising

27.AccordingtoParagraph3,theuseofrenewableenergyinAmerica

A.isprogressingnotably

B.isasextensiveasinEurope

C.facesmanychallenges

D.hasprovedtobeimpractical

28.ItcanbelearnedthatinIowa,

A.windisawidelyusedenergysource

B.windenergyhasreplacedfossilfuels

C.techgiantsareinvestingincleanenergy

D.thereisashortageofcleanenergysupply

29.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutcleanenergyaccordingto

Paragraphs5&6?A.Itsapplicationhasboostedbatterystorage.B.Itis

commonlyusedincarmanufacturing.C.Itscontinuoussupplyis

becomingareality.D.Itssustainableexploitationwillremaindifficult.30.

Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatrenewableenergy.

A.willbringtheUSclosertoothercountries

B.willaccelerateglobalenvironmentalchange

C.isnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernment

D.isnotcompetitiveenoughwithregardtoitscost

30.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatrenewableenergy

A.willbringtheUSclosertoothercountries

B.willaccelerateglobalenvironmentalchange

C.isnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernment

D.isnotcompetitiveenoughwithregardtoitscost

26.答案Cfalling

這是一道詞義句意題，要想知道plummeting的意思，首先要回到原文找線索,

即plummeting所在的句子以及上下句，由原文可知，plummeting所在句子

是在說(shuō)現(xiàn)在例如風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能這樣的可再生資源的價(jià)格的問(wèn)題，plummeting是

修飾可再生資源的價(jià)格的，接著二段最后一句就在用具體數(shù)字來(lái)證明可再生資

源的成本在下降，如太陽(yáng)能成本下降了百分之八十，風(fēng)能也降到三分之一，由

此可知，可再生資源的成本在下降，plummeting的含義是下降的意思。所以選

擇Cfalling。

27.答案Aisprogressingnotably

這是一道具體細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第三段第三句及第四句，意思是

“在中國(guó)和歐洲等國(guó)家已經(jīng)領(lǐng)先時(shí)，美國(guó)也在見證著巨大的改變。根據(jù)美國(guó)能源

信息局報(bào)道，三月份，美國(guó)首次使用風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能產(chǎn)生了超過(guò)百分之十以上的

能源。”這足以說(shuō)明在美國(guó)，可再生能源的使用正在取得顯著地進(jìn)步。所以答案

是A。

28.答案Awindisawidelyusedenergysource

這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第四段第三句，在愛荷華州，風(fēng)

力渦輪機(jī)點(diǎn)綴著這個(gè)州并提供了此州百分之三十六的電能，并且還吸引了像微

軟這樣的科技巨頭公司。因此可判斷，在愛荷華州，風(fēng)能是一種廣泛使用的能

源。所以答案是A。

29.答案Citscontinuoussupplyisbecomingareality

這是一道是非細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干給出的段落位置，5-6兩段和主題詞clean

energy,回到原文的第5-6段，這兩段都不長(zhǎng)，第五段出現(xiàn)了But后講到電池

容量的提升aboostinthestorage,與A選項(xiàng)不符,并不是因果關(guān)系，故排除;B

選項(xiàng)說(shuō)道廣泛用在制造業(yè)也不符合原文第六段第一句;而D選項(xiàng)和原文第六段最

后一句是語(yǔ)義相反的，故也排除;正確選項(xiàng)C是和這句話語(yǔ)義一致的，也是和全

文主題一致的，故為正確答案。

30.答案CisnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernment

這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題，題干問(wèn)“根據(jù)最后一段可以推斷出來(lái)可再生能源怎么了”,

回到原文最后一段第一句就表明盡管還有很長(zhǎng)一段路要走，可再生能源發(fā)展的

趨勢(shì)在增強(qiáng)。后面也提到改變的節(jié)奏在加快，對(duì)slowing氣候變化有meaningful

effect,所以可以看出B選項(xiàng)accelerate...是不對(duì)的，D選項(xiàng)中提到的價(jià)格不具

有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力不在本段當(dāng)中，也應(yīng)排除。剩下的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)都提到了美國(guó)，就應(yīng)該重

點(diǎn)看最后一句，最后一句提到華盛頓政府做或不做什么都maymeanlessand

less...所以可以看出美國(guó)不應(yīng)該是和其他國(guó)家更近，排除A,所以選C,美國(guó)不

是真正支持可再生能源的。

Text3

Thepowerandambitionofthegiantsofthedigitaleconomyis

astonishing—Amazonhasjustannouncedthepurchaseoftheupmarket

grocerychainWholeFoodsfor$13.5bn,buttwoyearsagoFacebook

paidevenmorethanthattoacquiretheWhatsAppmessagingservice,

whichdoesn'thaveanyphysicalproductatall.WhatWhatsAppoffered

Facebookwasanintricateandfinelydetailedwebofitsusers,

friendshipsandsociallives.

FacebookpromisedtheEuropeancommissionthenthatitwouldnotlink

phonenumberstoFacebookidentities,butitbrokethepromisealmost

assoonasthedealwentthrough.Evenwithoutknowingwhatwasinthe

messages,theknowledgeofwhosentthemandtowhomwas

enormouslyrevealingandstillcouldbe.Whatpoliticaljournalist,what

partywhip,wouldnotwanttoknowthemakeupoftheWhatsAppgroups

inwhichTheresaMay'senemiesarecurrentlyplotting?Itmaybethatthe

valueofWholeFoodstoAmazonisnotsomuchthe460shopsftowns,

buttherecordsofwhichcustomershavepurchasedwhat.

Competitionlawappearstobetheonlywaytoaddresstheseimbalances

ofpower.Butitisclumsy.Foronething,itisveryslowcomparedtothe

paceofchangewithinthedigitaleconomy.Bythetimeaproblemhas

beenaddressedandremedieditmayhavevanishedinthemarketplace,

tobereplacedbynewabusesofpower.Butthereisadeeperconceptual

problem,too.Competitionlawaspresentlyinterpreteddealswith

financialdisadvantagetoconsumersandthisisnotobviouswhenthe

usersoftheseservicesdon'tpayforthem.Theusersoftheirservices

arenottheircustomers.Thatwouldbethepeoplewhobuyadvertising

fromthem—andFacebookandGoogle,thetwovirtualgiants,dominate

digitaladvertisingtothedisadvantageofallothermediaand

entertainmentcompanies.

Theproductthey'resellingisdata,andwe,theusers,convertourlivesto

dataforthebenefitofthedigitalgiants.Justassomeantsfarmthebugs

calledaphidsforthehoneydewtheyproducewhe

31.AccordingtoParagraphl,FacebookacquiredWhatsAppforits。

A.digialproducts

B.userinformation

C.physicalassets

0.qualityservice

32.LinkingphonenumberstoFacebookidentitiesmay

A.worsenpoliticaldisputes

B.messupcustomerrecords

C.posearisktoFacebookusers

0.misleadtheEuropeancommission

33.Accordingtotheauthor,competitionlaw

A.shouldservethenewmarketpowers

B.mayworsentheeconomicimbalancens

C.shouldnotprovidejustonelegalsolution

D.cannotkeeppacewiththechangingmarket

34.CompetitionlawaspresentlyinterpretedcanhardlyprotectFacebook

nsers

Because

A.theyarenodefinedascustomers

B.theyarenotfinanciallyreliable

C.theservicesaregenerallydigital

D.theservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers

35.Theantsanalogyisusedtollustrate

A.awin-winbusinessmodelbetweendigitalgiants

B.atypicalcompetitionpatternamongdigitalgiants

C.thebenefitsprovidedfordigitalgiants'customers

D.therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusers

31.答案[B]userinformation

解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第一段第二句。該句提到兩年前Facebook

花了更多的錢獲得了WhatsApp的信息服務(wù)。接著提到WhatsApp提供給

Facebook的是關(guān)于其用戶的朋友圈以及社會(huì)生活等具體精煉的信息。由此可

知，B項(xiàng)為正確答案。

32.答案[C]posearisktoFacebookusers

解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞linkingthephonenumber定位第二段第一句。

該句提到Facebook向歐洲委員會(huì)承諾不會(huì)把用戶的電話號(hào)與Facebook的身

份認(rèn)證連系到一起，但是協(xié)議通過(guò)之后Facebook立馬失信。接下來(lái)提到“甚至

都不清楚信息里面都有什么，也不知誰(shuí)發(fā)的消息，發(fā)送的目的又是什么”。因此,

可能會(huì)給用戶造成風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因此C項(xiàng)符合文意。

33.答案[D]cannotkeeppacewiththechangingmarket

解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞competitionlaw定位到第三段第一句。該句

指出“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法似乎成為解決這些不平等權(quán)力的唯一辦法，但是此法案太過(guò)笨拙”o

下一句提到“一方面，相比于數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)變化的速度，此法案發(fā)展是非常緩慢的”。

由此可知，該法案跟不上當(dāng)前市場(chǎng)變化的步伐。因此D項(xiàng)為正確答案。

34.答案[D]theservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers.

解析：根據(jù)題目中的because可確定為因果細(xì)節(jié)題。題干中的信息出現(xiàn)在第三

段后半部分，是題目中的原詞competitionlawaspresentlyinterpreted,而

原因在其后面的句子。下文寫到，theusersoftheirservicesarenot,讀到這

里的not,一定要找而是誰(shuí)。繼續(xù)讀下一句,Thatwouldbethepeoplewhobuy

advertisingfromthem...,與選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)，可得出[D]theservicesarepaidfor

byadvertiserso

35.答案[D]therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusers.

解析：根據(jù)題目中isusedtoillustrate可判斷為例證題，要找到theants

analogy論據(jù)所證明的論點(diǎn);論點(diǎn)在論據(jù)之前，因此先找到論據(jù)theants

analogy,再找到論據(jù)前的論點(diǎn)句。所以本題定位到最后一段的第一句，The

product...isdata,andwe...convertourlivestodata...o此句中，data即

digitalgiants,we即users。因此答案為[D]therelationshipbetweendigital

giantsandtheirusers.

Text4

Tocombatthetrapofputtingapremiumonbeingbusy,Cal

Newport,authorofDeepWork:RulesforFocusedSuccessina

DistractedWorld,recommendsbuildingahabitof"deepwork*'-the

abilitytofucuswithoutdistraction.

Thereareanumberofapproachestomasteringtheartofdeepwork-be

itlengthyretreatsdedicatedtoaspecifictask;developingadaily

ritual;ortakinga“journalistic“approachtoseizingmomentsofdeep

workwhenyoucanthroughouttheday.Whicheverapproach,thekeyis

todetermineyourlengthoffocustimeandsticktoit.

Newportalsorecommends"deepscheduling''tocombatconstant

interruptionsandgetmoredoneinlesstime.uAtanygivenpoint,I

shouldhavedeepworkscheduledforroughlythenextmonth.Onceon

thecalendar,IprotectthistimelikeIwouldadoctor'sappointmentor

importantmeeting/'hewrites.

Anotherapproachtogettingmoredoneinlesstimeistorethinkhowyou

prioritiseyourday-inparticularhowwecraftourto-dolists.TimHarford,

authorofMessy:ThePowerofDisordertoTransformOurLives,points

toastudyintheearly1980sthatdividedundergraduatesintotwogroups:

somewereadvisedtosetoutmonthlygoalsandstudyactivities;others

weretoldtoplanactivitiesandgoalsinmuchmoredetail,daybyday.

Whiletheresearchersassumedthatthewell-structureddailyplans

wouldbemosteffectivewhenitcometotheexecutionoftasks,they

werewrong:thedetaileddailyplansdemotivatedstudents.Harford

arguesthatinevitabledistractionsoftenrenderthedailyto-dolist

ineffective,whileleavingroomforimprovisationinsuchalistcanreap

thebestresults.

Inordertomakethemostofourfocusandenergy,wealsoneedto

embracedowntime,orasNewportsuggests,ubelazy.”

“Idlenessisnotjustavacation,anindulgenceoravice;itisas

indispensabletothebrainasvitaminDistothebody...[idleness]

is.paradoxically,necessarytogettinganyworkdone,,'heargues.

SriniPillay,anassistantprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedical

School,believesthiscounterintuitivelinkbetweendowntimeand

productivitymaybeduetothewayourbrainsoperate.Whenourbrains

switchbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocusedonatask,theytendtobe

moreefficient.

“Whatpeopledon'trealiseisthatinordertocompletethesetasksthey

needtouseboththefocusandunfocuscircuitsintheirbrain,"says

Pillay.

Text4

36.Thekeytomasteringtheartofdeepworkisto

A.seizeeveryminutetowork

B.listyouimmediatetasks

C.makespecificdailyplans

D.Keeptoyourfocustime

37.Thestudyintheearly1980scitedbyHarfordshowsthat

A.studentsarehardlymotivatedbymonthlygoals

B.detailedplansmaynotbeasfruitfulasexpected

C.distractionsmayactuallyincreaseefficiency

D.dailyschedulesarcindispensabletostudying

38.AccordingtoNewport,idlenessis-

A.adesirablementalstateforbusypeople

B.amajorcontributortophysicalhealth

C.aneffectivewaytosavetimeandenergy

0.anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganywork

39.Pillaybelievesthatourbrain'sshiftbetweenbeingfocusedand

infocused

A.canbringaboutgreaterefficiency

B.canresultinpsychologicalwell-being

C.isdrivenbytaskurgency

D.isaimedatbetterbalanceinwork

40.Thistextismainlyabout

A.approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstime

B.Waystorelievethetensionofbusylife

C.Thekeytoeliminatingdistractions

D.Thecauseofthelackoffocustime

36.答案[D]keeptoyourfocustime

解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干的masteringtheartofdeepwork定位到第二段首

句。該句指出“有很多種掌握深度工作的方法-不論是專注于指定工作時(shí)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的

后退，或者養(yǎng)成慣例，還是當(dāng)你一天有閑暇之余采用紀(jì)實(shí)的方式捕捉深度工作

的瞬間”。接著提到“不論是那種方式，關(guān)鍵在于確定你的專注力時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度并保

持專注”。由此可知，D項(xiàng)為正確答案。

37.答案[B]detailedplansmaynotbeasfruitfulasexpected

解析：例證題。根據(jù)題干時(shí)間信息1980s以及Harford定位到第四段與第五段。

第四段首句指出另一種短時(shí)間做更多事情的方法是反思怎么才能優(yōu)先處理好你

的一天-特別是制作我們待辦事項(xiàng)的方法。接著作者舉例大學(xué)生們分成小組每天

做各種詳細(xì)復(fù)雜的任務(wù)。第五段首句用while畫風(fēng)一轉(zhuǎn)，表示這種復(fù)雜的任務(wù)

讓學(xué)生們感到消極，并表示工作中難免會(huì)分散注意力，這將影響日常待辦事項(xiàng)

的效率。可知，作者用反面例子來(lái)論證觀點(diǎn)，即復(fù)雜的計(jì)劃可能沒(méi)有像期望的

那樣有效果。故選B項(xiàng)。

38.答案[D]anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganywork.

解析：根據(jù)題目Newport得出本題目為細(xì)節(jié)題中的文中人物觀點(diǎn)題。根據(jù)題干

中的idleness可定位到倒數(shù)第三段，idlenessisnot,讀到這里依然需要看下

文，下面提至！Jitisas...as…，isnecessarytogettinganyworkdone。再對(duì)

應(yīng)選項(xiàng)，可直接選出[D]anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganywork。

39.答案[A]canbringaboutgreaterefficiency.

解析：根據(jù)題目中的PHlaybelieves可得出本題目為細(xì)節(jié)題中的文中人物觀點(diǎn)

題型。根據(jù)題目中的信息，可以定位到倒數(shù)第二段最后一句，明確指出theytend

tobemoreefficient0然后對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)得出[A]canbringaboutgreater

efficiencyo

40.答案[A]approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstime.

解析：根據(jù)題目的mainlyabout可知為文章主旨題，首先可以通過(guò)題目的復(fù)現(xiàn)

內(nèi)容找與文章主旨有關(guān)的詞匯，題目中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)了focus內(nèi)容，可判斷與人們

的注意力有。其次，文章主旨一般在開篇第一段或第二段會(huì)出現(xiàn)，第一段引用

CalNewport的觀點(diǎn)指出focuswithoutdistraction話題，第二段就提到了主

?approachestomasteringthdartofdeepwork,此刻主題已明確，并且第

四段看明顯的證明anotherapproach0所以本題選[A]approachestogetting

moredoneinlesstime?

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemost

suitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachofthenumbered

paragraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonot

needtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

41.選B。該小標(biāo)題需要涵蓋三段內(nèi)容。第一段開始說(shuō)到你想跟陌生人說(shuō)話，但

是“itjustwon'tcomeout",提到說(shuō)話說(shuō)不出來(lái)，隨后直接出現(xiàn)我的建議“My

advice：justgetitout**,即去說(shuō)。所以選B：Justsayit去說(shuō)

42,選Fo該小標(biāo)題下第一段第一句話就說(shuō)了你時(shí)間有限"youhavelimited

time",然后說(shuō)到如果陷到寒暄當(dāng)中“hi,hello,howareyou,whatisgoing

on”會(huì)讓對(duì)話沒(méi)法令人印象深刻。下一段“S?！北砻鹘Y(jié)論，去問(wèn)更多個(gè)人問(wèn)題

"personalquestions",所以選F：Skipthesmalltalk跳過(guò)寒暄

43.選D。第一句話就說(shuō)到了第一次交談要找到共同點(diǎn)“haveincommon"，從

這個(gè)共同點(diǎn)“thatpoint”來(lái)開展對(duì)話“buildtheconversation",所以選D：find

the"metoo"s找到共同點(diǎn)

44.選Go第一段先舉例，說(shuō)你跟人講心事時(shí)，別人分心干別的。然后下一段“S?！?/p>

表明結(jié)論，人家跟跟你溝通，你要全心投入"wholeheartedly"。所以選G：Pay

auniquecomplement專注

45,選E。第一句話就提到了忘記只見過(guò)一面的人的名字“name”?！癝o”后面又

提到回憶地點(diǎn)“places”和好惡的事情“things”等細(xì)節(jié)，所以選E：Name,

places,things

SectionIIITranslation

46.Directions：

TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.Writeyour

translationonANSWERSHEET.(15points)

Afifthgradergetsahomeworkassignmenttoselecthisfuturecareer

pathfromalistofoccupations.Heticks“astronaut“butquicklyadds

"scientist“tothelistandselectsitaswell.Theboyisconvincedthatif

hereadsenough,hecanexploreasmanycareerpathsashelikes.And

sohereads-everythingfromencyclopediastosciencefictionnovels.

Hereadssopassionatelythathisparentshavetoinstitutea"noreading

policy"atthedinnertable.

ThatboywasBillGates,andhehasn'tstoppedreadingyet—noteven

afterbecomingoneofthemostsuccessfulpeopleontheplanet.

Nowadays,hisreadingmaterialhaschangedfromsciencefictionand

referencebooks:recently,herevealedthathereadsatleast50

nonfictionbooksayear.Gateschoosesnonfictiontitlesbecausethey

explainhowtheworldworks.**Eachbookopensupnewavenuesof

knowledgetoexplore",Gatessays.

【真題譯文】：

一個(gè)五年級(jí)的學(xué)生收到一份家庭作業(yè)：即從一系列職業(yè)中選擇自己未來(lái)的職業(yè)

道路。他勾劃了“宇航員”，但很快由將“科學(xué)家”添加到列表中，并也將其選中。

這個(gè)男孩相信，如果他讀得足夠多，他就可以探索盡可能多的他喜歡的職業(yè)道

路。所以他讀書廣泛——從百科全書到科幻小說(shuō)。他讀得如此投入，以至于他

的父母不得不制定一個(gè)：在餐桌上的“不讀書政策”。

那個(gè)男孩就是比爾蓋茨，他沒(méi)有停止閱讀，甚至在他成為這個(gè)星球上最成功的

人士之一后，仍舊沒(méi)有停下來(lái)。現(xiàn)在，他的閱讀材料已經(jīng)不再是科幻小說(shuō)和工

具書了：最近據(jù)他所說(shuō)，他一年內(nèi)至少讀了50本非科幻小說(shuō)。比爾蓋茨選擇非

科幻小說(shuō)類書籍，是因?yàn)檫@類書籍解釋了世界是如何運(yùn)作的。”每本書都開辟了

新的知識(shí)探索渠道?！鄙w茨說(shuō)。

SectionIVWriting

PartA

47.

Directions:

Supposeyouhavetocancelyourtravelplanandwillnotbeabletovisit

ProfessorSmith.Writehimanemailto

1)Apologizeandexplainthesituation,and

2)Suggestafuturemeeting

YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANWSERSHEET.

Donotsignyouownnameattheendoftheletter,use“LiMing“instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)

DearProf.Smith,

IamsorrytotellyouthatIhavetocancelmytravelplantoyourcityfor

somereasons,thusIamafraidthatIcouldn'tvisityouaccordingtothe

duecource.SoIamwritingforthepurposeofextendingmysincere

apologytoyou.

Actually,Imissyouverymuch,butIreceivedanoticesuddenlythatI

havetoattendanexamifIwouldlovetoapplyforanopportunityfor

furtherstudyabroad.NeverthelessIhaven'tpreparedforitverywell

HenceIhavetospendmoretimeandenergyonit.

Pleaseaccpetmyhearfeltapologyagain!Iamreallysorryforany

inconvenienceIcaused.AndIamhonorabletoaskifIcouldmakean

anotherappointmentwithyou.Iamlookingforwardtoyourresponseat

yourearliestconvenience.Regards!

Yoursfaithfully,

LiMingePartB

48.Directions:

Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyourwriting,youshould

1)interpretthechart,and

2)giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

s

其他因素

4.7%

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