職稱英語理工類b級模擬5

職稱英語理工類B級模擬5

第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)

下面共有15個(gè)句子，每個(gè)句子均有一個(gè)詞或短語劃有底橫線，請從每個(gè)句子后面所給

的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇一個(gè)與劃線部分意義最相近的詞或短語。

1>Wehavetoaskthemtoauittalkinginorderthatallpeoplepresentcould

hearusclearly.

A.beginB.ceaseC.continueD.keep

2、TheKlondikewasthesceneofoneofthebiggestgoldrashestheworldhas

everknown.

A.locationB.viewC.eventD.landscape

3、Shehasbeenthesubjectofmassivemediacoverage.

A.extensiveB.negativeC.expensiveD.active

4、Theconferenceexploredthepossibilityofclosertradelinks.

A.rejectedB.investigatedC.proposedD.

postponed

5、Theseawascalmandstill.

A.quiteB.quietC.yetD.rough

6、Inabullfightzitisthemovementznotthecolor,ofobjectsthatarouses

thebull.

A.confusesB.excitesC.scaresD.satisfies

7、Thecommitteecomprisesfivepersons.

A.absorbsB.concernsC.excludesD.involves

8、Therepairworkinvolvedmodifyingtwoofthewindows.

A.cieatingB.changingC.mendingD.painting

9、Wederiveknowledgemainlyfrombooks.

A.depriveB.obtainC.descendD.trace

10>Weallconsiderhimamanofdynamicpersonalities.

A.dangerousB.doubtfulC.activeD.easy

11>Theroomwasfurnishedwiththesimplestessentialszabed,a.chair,and

atable.

A.suppliedB.gatheredC.graspedD,made

12>Thelocalgovernmentdecidedtomergethetwofirmsintoabigone.

A.motivateB.combineC.compactD.nominate

13、Heemphasizedafeasibleplanwhichcanbeacceptedbythebothsides.

A.favorableB.possibleC.formalD.genuine

14、Whendoesthenexttraindepart?

A.pullupB.pulldownC.pulloutD.pullin

15、Becauseadministeringthewholecompany,hesometimeshastoworkaroundthe

clock.

A.adjustingB.evaluatingC.engagingD.managing

第2部分：閱讀判斷

閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，清根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個(gè)句子作山判

斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A項(xiàng)；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請選擇B

項(xiàng)；如果該句的信息文章中沒有提及，請選擇C項(xiàng)。

ElNino

Whilesomeforecastingmethodshadlimitedsuccesspredictingthe1997

ElNinoafewmonthsinadvanceztheColumbiaUniversityresearcherssaytheir

methodcallpredictlargeElNinoeventsuptotwoyearsinadvance.That

wouldbegoodnewsforgovernmentszfarmersandothersseekingtoplanfor

thedroughtsandheavyrainfallthatElNinocanproduceinvariousparts

oftheworld.

Usingacomputertheresearchersmatchedsea-surfacetemperaturestolater

ElNinooccurrencesbetween1980and2000andwerethenabletoanticipate

ElNinoeventsdatingbacktol857zusingpriorsea-surfacetemperatures.The

resultswerereportedinthelatestissueofthejournalNature.

Theresearcherssaytheirmethodisnotperfect,butBryanC.Weare.a

meteorologistattheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis,whowasnotinvolved

inthework,saiditnsuggests1ElNinoisindeedpredictable.*n

"Thiswillprobablyconvinceotherstosearcharoundmoreforevenbetter

methods.nsaidWeare.Headdedthatthenewmethodnmakesitpossibletopredict

ElNinoatlonglead,times.'*Othermodelsalsousesea-surfacetemperatures,

buttheyhavenotlookedasfarbackbecausetheyneedotherdata,whichis

onlyavailableforrecentdecades,Wearesaid.

TheabilitytopredictthewarmingandcoolingofthePaciticisofimmense

importance.The1997ElNino,forexample,causedanestimated$20billion

indamageworldwide,offsetbybeneficialeffectsinotherareas,saidDavid

Anderson,oftheEuropeanCentreforMediumRangeWeatherForecastsinReading

England.The1877ElNino,meanwhilezcoincidedwithafailureoftheIndian

monsoonandafaminethatkilledperhaps40millioninIndiaandChina,prompting

thedevelopmentofseasonalforecasting,Andersonsaid.

WhenElNinohitin1991and1997,200millionpeoplewereaffectedby

floodinginChinaalone,accordingtoa2002UnitedNationsreport.

WhilepredictingsmallerElNinoeventsremainstricky,theabilityto

predictlargeronesshouldbeincreasedtoatleastayearifthenewmethod

isconfirmed.

ElNinotendstodevelopbetweenAprilandJuneandreachesitspeakbetween

DecemberandFebruary.Thewarmingtendstolastbetween9and12monthsand

occurseverytwotosevenyears

ThenewforecastingmethoddoesnotpredictanymajorElNinoeventsin

thenexttwoyears,althoughaweakwarmingtowardtheendofthisyearis

possible.

ElNinon.厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象

equatorialadj.赤道的

occurrencen.發(fā)生

meteorologistn.氣象學(xué)家

offsetv.抵銷

leadadj.提前的

monsoonn.季風(fēng)

trickyadj.難以捉摸的

16>ThemethodusedbytheColumbiaUniversityresearcherscanpredictEl

Ninoafewmonthsinadvance.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>TheColumbiaUniversityresearchersstudiedtherelationshipbetweenthe

pastElNinooccurrencesandsea-surfacetemperatures.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18>TheColumbiaUniversityresearchersarethefirsttousesea-surface

temperaturestomatchthepastElNinooccurrences.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19>Weare1scontributioninpredictingE1Nino,washighlypraisedbyother

meteorologists.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、AccordingtoaChinesereport,thefloodinginChinacausedbyElNino

in1991and1997affected200millionChinesepeople.

A.rightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21、IttakesabouteightmonthsforElNinotoreachitspeak.

A?rightB.WrongC,Notmentioned

22、AspecialinstitutehasbeensetupinAmericatostudyElNino.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項(xiàng)測試任務(wù)：（1）1?4題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第

1?4段每段選擇1個(gè)正確的小標(biāo)題；⑵第5?8題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇4個(gè)正確的

選項(xiàng)，分別完成每個(gè)句子。請將答案寫在相應(yīng)的橫線上。

ElectromagneticEnergy

Whitelightseemstobeacombinationofallcolors.Theenergythatcomes

fromasourceoflightisnotlimitedtothekindofenergyyoucansee.Heat

isgivenoffbyaflameoranelectriclight.Onacloudydayitispossible

togetasunburneventhoughyoufeelcool.Visiblelightandthekindof

energythatproducewarmthandsunburnareexamplesofelectromagneticenergy.

Thesunis93millionmilesfromtheearth.Yetwecanuseenergyfrom

thesunbecauseelectromagneticenergytravelsthroughspace.

Manyotherkindsofenergyarealsotypesofelectromagneticenergy.Radio,

television,andradar

signalstravelfromtransmitterstoreceiversaslow-energyelectromagnetic

waves.Infrared（紅夕卜線的）radiationisanelectromagneticwave.Whenitis

absorbedbymatter,heatisproduced.Wavesofinfraredandvisiblelight

havemoreenergythanwavesofradio,television,orradar.Ultravioletrays

（紫外線）andX-raysareelectromagneticwaveswithevengreateramountsof

energy.Infraredradiationisusedincookingfoodandheatingbuildings.

Sunlightandelectriclightsarepartofourrequirementsfornormalliving.

Ultravioletradiationisusefulinkillingcertaindiseaseorganisms.X-rays

andgammarayshavesomushenergythattheytravelrightthroughsolidobjects.

Theycanbeusedtodetectandtreatcancer.X-raysareusedinindustryto

findhiddencracksinmetal,andinmedicinetorevealbrokenbones.Usually

weuseelectricitytogenerateelectromagneticenergy.Thesourceofmost

ofourenergyisthesun.Heatfromthesuncauseswatertoevaporate.When

thewaterfallstotheearthasrain,someofitistrappedbehinddamsand

thenusedtooperateelectricgenerators.Othergeneratorsarepoweredby

coal,buttheenergystoredincoalcamefromthesun,too.

Untilrecently,thesourceofthetremendousamountofenergygivenoff

bythesunwasapuzzle.Ifthesundependedonchemicalreactions,itwould

haveusedupallitsenergylongago.Experimentswithelectromagneticradiation

ledtothetheorythatmasscanbeconvertedintoenergy.Aboutfortyyears

afterthetheorywasproposed,nuclearenergywasharnessed（利用）byman.

Chemicalenergycomesfromelectron（電子）rearrangement.Nuclearenergycomes

fromaChangeinthenucleusofanatom.Comparedwithchemicalreactionsz

nuclearreactionsreleasemillionsoftimesmoreenergyperpoundoffuel.

Wenowbelievethatthesun*senergycomesfromthenuclearreactionsinwhich

hydrogenischangedintohelium（氫）.

Nuclearenergyisbeginningtocompetewithcoalasaneconomicalsource

ofpowertogenerateelectricity.Itisalsobeingusedtooperateengines

inlargeships.Scientistscontinuetoseeknewandbettermethodsofobtaining

andusingenergy.

23、Paragraph3.

24、Paragraph4.

25>Paragraph5.

26>Paragraph6.

A.Nuclearreactionsasthelastingsourceofthesun1senergy.

B.Themostimportantsourceofenergy.

C.Typesofelectromagneticenergy.

D.Themachinesusedforenergygeneration.

E.Seekingnewsourcesofenergy.

F.Theuseofultravioletradiationinmedicine.

27>Onecangetasunburneven.

28>Infraredradiationcanproduceheat.

29、X-raysandgammarayscanbeusedtodetectandtreatcancer.

30、Chemicalenergyisgenerated.

A.whenitisabsorbedbymatter

B.whenitiscloudy

C.becausetheycanpassthroughsolidobjects

D.whenthesunraysarefierce

E.whenachangeinthenucleusofanatomtakesplace

F.whenelectronrearrangementtakesplace

第4部分：閱讀理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。

第一篇

TheGeneIndustry

Majorcompaniesarealreadyinpursuitofcommercialapplicationsofthe

newbiology.Theydreamofplacingenzymesintheautomobiletomonitorexhaust

andsenddataonpollutiontoamicroprocessorthatwillthenadjusttheengine.

TheyspeakofwhattheNewYorkTimescallsnmeta1-hungrymicrobesthatmight

beusedtominevaluabletracemetalsfromoceanwater".Theyhavealready

demandedandwontherighttopatentnewlifeforms.

Nervouscriticszincludingmanyscientists,worrythatthereiscorporate,

nationalzinternationalzandinter-scientificrivalryintheentire

biotechnologicalfield.Theycreateimagesnotofoilspillszbutof"microbe

spills"thatcouldspreaddiseaseanddestroyentirepopulations.Thecreation

andaccidentalreleaseofextremelypoisonousmicrobes,however,isonlyone

causeforalarm.Completelyrationalandrespectablescientistsaretalking

aboutpossibilitiesthatstaggertheimagination.

Shouldwebreedpeoplewithcow-likestomachssotheycandigestgrass

andhay,therebyrelievingthefoodproblembymodifyingustoeatlowerdown

onthefoodchain?Shouldwebiologicallyalterworkerstofitthejobrequirementz

forexample,creatingpilotswithfasterreactiontimesorassembly-lineworkers

designedtodoourmonotonousworkforus?Shouldweattempttoeliminate

ninferior"peopleandbreeda"super-race"?(Hitlertriedthis,butwithout

thegeneticweaponrythatmaysoonissuefromourlaboratories.)Shouldwe

producesoldierstodoourfighting?Shouldweusegeneticforecastingto

pre-eliminate"unfit"babies?Shouldwegrowreserveorgansforourselves,

eachofushaving,asitwere,ansavingsbank"fullofsparekidney,lives

orhands?

Wildasthesenotionsmaysound,everyonehasitsadvocates(andopposers)

inthescientificcommunityaswellasitsstrikingcommercialapplication.-As

twocriticsofgeneticengineering,JeremyRifkinandTedHoward,statein

theirbookWhoShouldPlayGod*?"BroadScalegeneticengineeringwillprobably

beintroducedtoAmericamuchthesamewayasassemblylines,automobilesz

vaccines,computersandalltheothertechnologies.Aseachnewgeneticadvance

becomescommerciallypracticalzanewconsumerneedwillbeexploitedand

amarketforthenewtechnologywillbecreated".

31>Accordingtothepassageztheexhaustfromacarenginecouldprobably

becheckedby_______.

A.usingmetal-hungrymicrobesB.makinguseofenzymes

C.adjustingtheengineD.patentingnewlifeforms

32、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwouldworrythecritics

themost?

A.Theunanticipatedexplosionofpopulation.

B.Thecreationofbiologicalsolarcells.

C.Theaccidentalspillofoil.

D.Theunexpectedreleaseofdestructivenficrobes.

33、WhichofthefollowingnotionsisNOTmentioned?

A.Developinga"savingsbank"ofone1sorgans.

B.Breedingsoldiersforawar.

C.Producingpeoplewithcow-likestomachs.

D.Usinggeneticforecastingtocurediseases.

34、Accordingtothepassage,Hitlerattemptedto.

A.changedthepilotsbiologicallytowinthewar

B.developgeneticfarmingforfoodsupply

C.killthepeoplehethoughtofasinferior

D.encouragethedevelopmentofgeneticweaponsforthewar

35、WhatdoseJeremyRifIcinandTedHoward1sstatementimply?

A.Thecommercialapplicationsofgeneticengineeringareinevitable.

B.Americanwilldependonothercountriesforbiologicalprogress.

C.Americansareproudoftheircountriesforbiologicalprogress.

D.Thepotentialapplicationofeachnewgeneticadvanceshouldbecontrolled.

弟一m

Common-coldSense

Youcan*tbeatit,butyoudon11havetojoinit.Maybeitgotthename

"commoncold"becauseit1smorecommoninwinter.Thefactis,though,being

colddoesn1thaveanythingtodowithgettingone.Coldsarecausedbythe

spreadofrhinoviruses,and,atleastsofar,medicalscienceisbetterat

tellingyouhowtoavoidgettingonethanhowtogetridofone.

Childrenarethemostcommonwaycoldvirusesarespreadtoadultszbecause

theyhavemorecoldsthanadults—anaverageofabouteightperyear.Why

dokidsseemsomuchmoreeasilytogetcoldsthantheirparents?Simple.

Theyhaven11hadtheoppommitytobecomeimmunetomanycoldviruses.

Therearemorethan150differentcoldviruseszandyouneverhavethe

sameOnetwice.Beinginfectedbyonemakesyouimmunetoit—butonlyit.

Coldsareusuallyspreadbydirectcontactznotsneezingorcoughing.From

anotherperson1shandtoyourhandandthentoyournoseoreyesisthemost

commonroute.Thehighestconcentrationofcoldvirusesanywhereisfound

underthethumbnailsofaboy,althoughthevirusescansurviveforhours

onskinorothersm6othsurfaces.

Hygieneisyourbestdefense.Washyourhandsfrequently,preferablywith

adisinfectantsoap,especiallywhenchildreninyourhouseholdhavecolds.

Butevencarefulhygienewon11wardoffeverycold.So,whatworkswhen

acoughing,sneezing,

runnynosestrikes?

Theoldprescriptionoftwoaspirins,lotsofwater,andbedrestisa

1

goodplacetostart.Butyou11alsofindsomeofthefolkremedies..zworth

Wing.Hotmixturesofsugar(orhoney),lemon,andwaterhaverealbenefits.

rhinovirusn.鼻病毒

immuneadj.免疫的，有免疫力的

disinfectantn.消毒劑,殺菌劑

prescriptionn.36訣竅37處方'，藥方

sneezevi.打噴嚏

thumbnailn.拇指甲

36、Accordingtotheessay,youmayhaveacoldbecause.

A.theweatheristoocold

B.thespreadofrhinovimsesgetspeopleinfected

C.anotherperson1scoughingpassesthecoldtoyou

D.youwashyourhandstoooften

37>Thebestwaytokeepyourselffromgettingcoldsis.

A.tokeepyourselfclean

B.touseadisinfectantsoap

C.totaketwoaspirinseveryday

D.todrinklotsofwater

38、Childrenhavemorecoldsbecause?

A.theyareusuallyinfectedabouteighttimeseachyear

B.theyarenotimmunetomanycoldvirusesyet

C.theyneverwashtheirhandssothattheirthumbnailsaredirty

D.theydon11likeeatinglemon

39、Whenyouarehavingacold,.

A.itisalwaysthesamekindofcoldthatyouhadlasttime

B.itmaybethesamekindofcoldthatyouhadlasttime

C.itiscertainlynotthesamekindofcoldthatyouhadlasttime

D.itisprobablynotthesamekindofcoldthatyouhadlasttime

40、Whenoneishavingacold,hemayoftenhaveallthefollowingsymptoms

EXCEPT______.

A.coughing

B,havingasorethroat

C.havingarunnynose

D.havingastomachache

第檢二--A篇3&*

"Salty"RicePlantBoostsHarvests

Britishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationofriceplantsthatwill

beabletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.Theirworkmayenableabandoned

farmstobecomeproductiveoncemore.

TimFlowersandTonyYeo,fromSussexUniversity*sSchoolofBiological

Sciences,havespentseveralyearsresearchinghowcrops,suchasrice,could

bemadetogrowinwaterthathasbecomesalty.

Thepairhaverecentlybegunathree-yearprogramme,fundedbythe

BiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCouncilztoestablishwhich

genesenablesomeplantstosurvivesaltyconditions.Theaimistobreed

thiscapabilityintocrops,startingwithrice.

Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan100hectares（公頃）ofagricultural

landarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoilandstunts（妨礙生長）plants.

Theproblemiscausedbyseveralfactors.Inthetropicszmangroves（紅樹

林）thatcreateswamps（沼澤）andtraditionallyformedbarrierstoseawater

havebeencutdown.IntheMediterranean,aseriesofdroughtshavecaused

thewatertabletodrop,allowingseawatertoseep（滲透）in.InLatinAmerica,

irrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwaterisevaporated（蒸發(fā)）bytheheatz

leavingsaltdepositsbehind.

Excesssaltthenenterstheplantsandpreventsthemfunctioningnormally.

Heavyconcentrationsofmineralsintheplantsstopthemdrawingupthewater

theyneedtosurvive.

Toovercometheseproblems,FlowersandYeodecidedtobreedriceplants

thattakeinverylittlesaltandstorewhattheydoabsorbincellsthat

donotaffecttheplants1growth.Theyhavestartedtobreedthese

characteristicsintoanewricecrop,butitwilltakeabouteightharvests

beforetheresultingseedsarereadytobeconsideredforcommercialuse.

OncethecharacteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoilareknownzFlowersand

Yeowilltrytobreedtheappropriategenesintoallmannersofcropsand

plants.Landthathasbeenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeabletobloom

again,providingmuchneededfoodinthepoorercountriesoftheworld.

41、WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutFlowersandYeoisTRUE?

A.TheyarestudentsatSussexUniversity.

B.Theyarericebreeders.

C.Theyarehusbandandwife.

D.Theyarecolleaguesataninstitutionofhigherlearning.

42、FlowersandYeohavestartedaprogramme.

A.tofindwaystopreventwaterpollution

B.toidentifygenesthatpromotegrowthinsaltysoil

C.tobreedriceplantsthattastesalty

D.tofindwaystoremoveexcessivesaltfromsoil

43、WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseoftheproblemdiscussed

inthepassage?

A.NaturalbarrierstoseaWaterhavebeendestroyed.

B.Thewatertablehasgonedownafterdroughts.

C.Sealevelhasbeencontinuouslyrising.

D.Evaporationofwaterleavessaltbehind.

44、Theword"affect"inParagraph6couldbebestreplacedby.

A."influence"B."effect"C.11stop11D."present"

45、Theattitudeof