考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷6（共195題）

考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷6（共9套）（共195題）考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)Eversincethisgovernment'stermbegan,theattitudetoteachershasbeenovershadowedbythemantrathatgoodteacherscannotberewardedifitmeansbadteachersarerewarded,too.That'swhy,despitetheobviousneedforthem,bigpayriseshavenotbeenawardedtoteachersacrosstheboard.Thelatestpayrisewas3.6percent—madinthepresentsituation.That'swhy,aswell,thelongbattleoverperformance-relatedpaywasfoughtasteachernumbersslid.Theideaisthatsomekindofyearzerocaneventuallybeachievedwherebyallthebadteachersaregoneandonlythegoodteachersremain.Thatiswhythegovernment'sattemptstorelievetheteachershortagehavebeensofocusedonofferingincentivestogetanewgenerationofteachersintotraining.Theassumptionisthatsomanyoftheteacherswehavealreadyarebad,thatonlybystartingagaincanstandardsberaised.Buttheteachershortageisnotcausedonlybecauseofalackofnewteacherscomingintotheprofession.Itisalsobecauseteachinghasaretentionproblemwithmanyleavingtheprofession.Thesepeoplehavetheirreasonsfordoingso,whichcannotbepurelyaboutwantingirresponsiblyto"abandon"pupilsmorepermanently.Suchanexodussuggeststhatevenbeyondthehateduniongrandstanding,teachersarenothappy.Unionsandgovernmentappeartobeinbroadagreementthattheshortageofteachersisaparlousstateofaffairs.Oddly,though,theydon'tseementirelytoagreethatthereasonsforthismaylieinfeaturesoftheprofessionitselfandthewayitisrun.Instead,thegovernmentissosuspiciousoftheideathatteachersmaybeabletorepresentthemselves,thattheyhavesetuptheGeneralTeachingCouncil,abodythatwillrepresentteacherswhethertheywantittoornot,andtowhichtheyhavetopay￡25ayearwhethertheywanttoornot.Theattitudesofbothsidespromisetoexacerbateratherthansolvetheproblem.Teachersarecertainlyexacerbatingtheproblembystressingjusthowbadthingsare.Quiteafewpotentialteachersmustbeputoff.Andwhilethegovernmenthasmadequiteasuccessofconvincingthepublicthatbadeducationisalmostexclusivelylinkedtobadteachersrepresentedbydestructiveunions,italsoseemsappallingthatinasurveylastyear,workinghoursforprimaryteachersaveraged53hoursperweek,whilesecondaryteachersclockedup51hours.Attheirspringconferences,thefourmajorteachingunionsintendtoballottheirmembersondemandingfromgovernmentanindependentinquiryintoworkingconditions.ThisfollowstheMcCronereportinScotland,whichproducedanagreementtolimithoursto35perweek,withamaximumclasscontact-timeof22andahalfhours.Thatsoundsmostattractive.1、Itisimpliedinthefirstparagraphthata3.6percentpayriseis_________.A、noteasytocomebyB、toobigevenforgoodteachersC、toosmalltobeattractiveD、toobigforbadteachersandtoosmallforgoodones標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。第一段第三句Thelatestpayrisewas3.6percent—madinthepresentsituation．說(shuō)明了在教師流失的情況下，漲一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)工資太少了。[C]的意思是，太少而沒(méi)有吸引力，因而正確。[A]的意思是來(lái)之不易；其他兩項(xiàng)沒(méi)有根據(jù)。2、ThegovernmentmakesattractivepoliciestopullanewgenerationofteachersintotrainingbecauseitA、ismoreconcernedaboutfutureshortageofqualifiedteachersB、isdisappointedwiththepresentteachingsystemC、believestheteachershortageiscausedbythereluctanceofnewteachersintoteachingD、doubtsthattheskillofthepresentgenerationofteacherswillimproveevenwithexpensiveretraining標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。第一段提出本屆政府一直受某一觀點(diǎn)的影響，第二段第二句說(shuō)明，這種觀點(diǎn)是采取激勵(lì)下一代人參加培訓(xùn)，從而建設(shè)教師隊(duì)伍，[C]的意思是，政府認(rèn)為教師的缺乏是由于新教師缺乏而造成的，符合原文，因而正確。3、Whileadmittingthepresentteachershortageisatoughproblem,thegovernment_________.A、hasmadenoattempttowardsitssolutionB、failstoidentifytherealcausefortheproblemC、attributesittolackofresponsibilityonthepartsofteachersD、imposesstricteradministrativeregulationsuponteachers標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。第四段第二、三句指出，政府不相信是教師職業(yè)本身及其管理方式導(dǎo)致教師隊(duì)伍現(xiàn)在的問(wèn)題，并不是他們沒(méi)有努力，因而[B]為正確答案。4、Animportantreasonwhyteachersareleavingtheirpostsisprobablyrelatedto_________.A、longworkinghoursB、thepersuasionoftheunionsC、theconflictbetweenthegovernmentandunionsD、theincreaseinthenumberofbadteachers標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。第五段第四句提到了教師們的工作時(shí)間太長(zhǎng)，這一調(diào)查結(jié)果令人震驚，因此推斷出[A]“工作時(shí)間長(zhǎng)”為正確答案。5、Theword"exacerbate"(Line1,Para.5)probablymeans_________.A、worsenB、tackleC、exaggerateD、identify標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語(yǔ)義題。本句意為：雙方對(duì)待問(wèn)題的態(tài)度與其說(shuō)是解決問(wèn)題，不如說(shuō)是exacerbate問(wèn)題，下文提到雙方的舉動(dòng)使問(wèn)題更加惡化，故根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和上、下文意銜接可推斷出，所選單詞一定是與解決(問(wèn)題)相反的詞義。[B]“解決”，[C]“夸大”，[D]“確定”，都不符合。故[A]“惡化”為正確答案。Lastyearthenation'sbest-knownbusinessconsultingfirmrananinternationalsurveytotrytodeterminewhycertaincountries—likeCanada,Finland,Japan,SingaporeandSouthKorea—seemtohavethebestschools.Theanswercameback,somewhatunsurprisingly,thatthesecountrieshavethebestteachers;educatorswhoarerespected,rewarded,andheldaccountablefortheirperformanceintheclassroom.Thismayseemobvious,butyouwouldneverhaveguessedwatchingtheDemocraticdebateinLasVegastheweekbeforeThanksgiving.Allthecandidatesgivelipservicetotheimportanceofeducationtothenation'sfuture.Anditgoeswithoutsayingthataccountabilityisthekeytoperformanceinanyjob.YetwhenJohnRobertsofCNNaskedthecandidatesifschoolboardsshouldbeabletorewardteachersorfirethembasedonperformance,alltheDemocratsheadedforthehills,hemmingandhawingandobfuscatingtheiranswers.What'sgoingonhere?Inshort,thepoweroftheteachers'unions.TheNationalEducationAssociationisabighitterintheDemocraticParty.TheNEAisallaboutjobsecurity,soyouwon'tfindDemocratsleadingcrusadestoweedoutbadteachers.TheRepublicansdon'tdomuchbetter.Theysaytheyarereluctanttomeddleinlocalschoolgovernanceandinsteadpushforvoucherssokidscangotoprivateorparochialschools.InNewYorkCity,MayorMichaelBloomberghiredJoelKlein,aformerJusticeDepartmentantitrustchiefintheClintonadministration,torunthecity'schaoticschools.Kleinmanagedtogetathirdoftheschoolprincipalstosignanagreementthatwouldallowthemtobeterminatedforcause.Andhegottheteachers'uniontoagreetogiveupthisabsurdprivilege:inNewYork,formanyyears,teacherswithsenioritycouldshowupatanyschooltheywantedandteachthere,shovingasideteacherswithlessseniority.Kleinwontherighttostoplow-performingseniorteachersfromexercisingthisdroitduseigneur.Someofthemjustwenthomeratherthanteachingwherevertheywantedto—andwerestillpaidinfull.Thatdoesn'tsoundlikeanenormoussteptowardteacheraccountability,butitwasastruggleforNewYorktoextracteventhesecomparativelymodestconcessionsfromtheteachers'union,anditshowshowfarthereistogo.Teacheraccountabilityisattheheartoftrueeducationreform.Ifonlythepresidentialcandidateswouldevendaretodiscusstheproblem.6、Accordingtothesurvey,thecommonfeatureofthebestschoolsisthattheyhave_________.A、betterfinancialpositionB、first-classteachingfacultiesC、worldwell-knownpresidentsD、moreexcellentforeignstudents標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。首段首句提到了一項(xiàng)全球調(diào)查的目的是找出加拿大、芬蘭、日本、新加坡以及韓國(guó)等國(guó)家擁有最好學(xué)校的原因。調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示：這些國(guó)家之所以有一流的學(xué)校，是因?yàn)樗麄冇幸涣鞯慕處煛Ｋ訹B]“一流的師資”正確。7、Accordingtothetext,whatistheessentialqualityforteachers?A、Capability.B、Credibility.C、Punctuality.D、Responsibility.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。第二段第三句提到民主黨候選人認(rèn)為責(zé)任心是做好任何工作的關(guān)鍵。本文最后一段倒數(shù)第二句也提到教師的責(zé)任心才是教育改革的真正核心。[A]“能力”、[B]“誠(chéng)信”、[C]“守時(shí)”固然是教師應(yīng)具備的素質(zhì)，但不符合本處語(yǔ)境，故排除。因此[D]“責(zé)任心”為答案。8、ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2andParagraph3that_________.A、theNEAdoesn’tassessteachersbasedontheiraccountabilityB、manykidswouldrathergotoprivateschoolsthanpublicschoolsC、theDemocraticPartyhastherighttorewardorfirebadteachersD、theRepublicanPartycaninterveneinlocalschooladministration標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。第二段結(jié)尾提到是否能根據(jù)教師的表現(xiàn)決定獎(jiǎng)懲時(shí)，候選人都支支吾吾，故可推斷[A]“全國(guó)教育協(xié)會(huì)不是根據(jù)責(zé)任心大小來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)教師”為答案。第三段提到全國(guó)教育協(xié)會(huì)在民主黨內(nèi)的地位舉足輕重，因?yàn)樗穆毮苁潜ＷC職業(yè)安全。所以民主黨內(nèi)從來(lái)沒(méi)有人搞改革運(yùn)動(dòng)，淘汰不合格教師。故排除[C]“民主黨有權(quán)獎(jiǎng)懲不合格教師”；共和黨也表示不便干涉當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)校的管理，故排除[D]“共和黨可以干預(yù)當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)校管理”；本段最后一句介紹了共和黨人可以申請(qǐng)把孩子轉(zhuǎn)到私立或教會(huì)學(xué)校讀書(shū)，但并未說(shuō)明[B]“許多孩子寧愿選擇去私立學(xué)校讀書(shū)”，故排除[B]。9、Inthetext,theword"droitduseigneur"(Line6,Para.4)mostprobablymeans_______.A、theprivilegetoretireearlierB、therighttogetahighersalaryC、therighttostoptheirteachingD、theprivilegetoteachanywhere標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語(yǔ)義題。第四段首句提到紐約市學(xué)校管理混亂。喬爾.可萊上任后采取了一系列整頓措施，其中包括讓教師協(xié)會(huì)同意放棄一個(gè)荒謬的特權(quán)：資歷深的教師能到他們想去的任何學(xué)校任教的特權(quán)。同時(shí)，喬爾.可萊也有權(quán)阻止那些資歷深卻不稱職的教師享受特權(quán)。因此droitduseigneur的意思是“任意擇校任教的權(quán)利”，故[D]為答案。10、WecanconcludefromParagraph4thatthecandidates_______.A、areunwillingtotellthetruthdirectlytothemediaB、holdtheviewthateducationreformisnotthatnecessaryC、don’tconsiderteacheraccountabilityasaseriousproblemD、believethatkeepingoutoftroubleisthesafestwaytolive標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。最后一段主要介紹了喬爾.可萊敢于挑戰(zhàn)教師協(xié)會(huì)的權(quán)威，突出教師責(zé)任心在教學(xué)中的重要性，在教學(xué)改革方面邁出了關(guān)鍵的一步。但是，那些總統(tǒng)候選人卻為了自保，在媒體面前不敢公然與教師協(xié)會(huì)唱反調(diào)。所以作者在本文最后一句才用了虛擬的手段表示出了自己的無(wú)奈。故可推斷出總統(tǒng)候選人“堅(jiān)信明哲保身”，故[D]為答案。It'snoteasytotalkaboutyourfeelingswhenyou'refourweeksold.That'sashame,becausefromthemomentwe'rebornwehavealottosay.Ifparentsknewhowtorespond,troubledbabiesmightbealotlesslikelytogrowintotroubledkids.Foralltheprogressthatsciencehasmadeinunravelingthesecretsofthechild'sbrain,it'smomsandgrandmotherswhohavealwayshadtherightidea.Achildwithproblems,theyinsist,makesnosecretofitfromthestart,comingintotheworldtimid,moody,jumpyorworse.Expertsoftendismisssuchclaimsasnonsenseatbest,blameduckingatworst,buttheremaybemoretoitthanthat.Agrowingbodyofresearchshowsthatnewbornsdotiptheiremotionalhandearlyon,givingparentsachancetotakecontrolofbehavioralproblemsandmaybeevenpreventconditionssuchasattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder(ADHD)ordepressionfromfullytakinghold.SaysLawrenceDiller,aprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco:"Usingparentingtechniquestailoredtoachild'spersonalitycanimprovethingsdramaticallyforbothparentsandkids."Theideaofrevealinginfantbehaviorisnotnew.Inthe1950s,husband-and-wifepsychiatricteamStellaChessandAlexanderThomas,bothnow87,identifiednineparametersoftemperament—activitylevel,attentionspan,adaptability,intensity,distractibility,mood,sensorythreshold,responsetochallengeandpredictabilityoffunctionssuchaseatingandsleeping—thatemergeataboutfourweeksandindicatealotaboutpersonality."Atonemonth,behaviorstartstobediscernible,"saysChesstoday."Thesedifferencesdefineit."Halfacenturyago,thatmessagedidn'tgetthrough.ChessandThomasweredismissedas"determinists"—adamninglabelinanerainwhichbabieswereseenasblankslatesuponwhichparentscouldwriteanypersonalityatall.Butpractitionersseenewwisdomintheoldfindings.Usingtheirmethodsaswellasnewerpersonalitytests,behavioralscientistsfindthatonly60%ofbabieshaveeasytemperamentsfrombirth.Mostoftherestexhibitsignificantmoodiness,defianceorothertraitsthatplacethemintheso-calleddifficultcategory.Withoutintervention,80%ofthesekids—mostlyboys—willactout,becomingoppositionalandhyperexcitable,andrunagreaterriskofdevelopingADHD.Theremaining20%—mostlygirls—becomewithdrawnandrunagreaterriskofdevelopingphobias,depressionorcompulsions.Clearly,noteverybabyinthedifficultgroupdeterioratesthisway.Onekeyistheparents.Tobesure,ifachildisapttoaclinicalconditionsuchasADHD,eventhemostdeftparentingwon'taverttheproblemaltogether—butitcanimprovethings.11、Asregardstheideaababy’smomandgrandmotherhaveofthebaby,expertsshow_______.A、contemptB、ambiguityC、paradoxD、denial標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：態(tài)度題。第二段指出：就兒童大腦揭秘方面已經(jīng)取得的所有科學(xué)進(jìn)展而言，媽媽、祖母和外祖母的觀點(diǎn)總是正確的。該段第三句指出：雖然這些斷言經(jīng)常為專家們摒棄，輕則被稱為無(wú)稽之談，重則被斥為逃避責(zé)任……。從這些內(nèi)容可以判斷，專家們對(duì)她們的觀點(diǎn)持否定態(tài)度，故[D]為答案。12、Accordingtothetext,wecantellatwo-month-oldbaby’scharacterbyobserving_______.A、howhereactstodifficultyB、howlonghecansleepC、whathewantstoeatD、whenhefocuseshisattention標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段第二句提到九種有關(guān)嬰兒性格的特征：活躍水平、精神集中時(shí)間、適應(yīng)能力、感情強(qiáng)度、注意力分散性、情緒、感覺(jué)閥、對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)的反應(yīng)、吃睡等功能的可預(yù)測(cè)性，并指出這些特征在嬰兒出生約四周時(shí)出現(xiàn)，并且能表明個(gè)性方面的許多情況。其中第八項(xiàng)“對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)的反應(yīng)”就是[A]的內(nèi)容，故為答案。13、ThetextsuggeststhatChessandThomas’theory_______.A、wascriticized50yearsagoB、wasbasedonrigorousdatacollectionC、iswelcomedbycurrentbehavioralscientistsD、ischallengedbybabies’mothersandgrandmothers標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。第四段首句指出，切斯和托馬斯的觀點(diǎn)在半個(gè)世紀(jì)以前并不為人們接受。該段最后話鋒一轉(zhuǎn)：但是從業(yè)人士卻在他們舊的研究結(jié)果中看到新的睿智。緊接著第五段首句指出：利用托馬斯和切斯的方法以及更新的個(gè)性測(cè)試，行為科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)只有60％的嬰兒生性隨和，顯然第四段所說(shuō)的從業(yè)人士包括行為科學(xué)家，這些人認(rèn)同切斯和托馬斯的觀點(diǎn)，故[C]為答案。14、Withoutpreventiveparenting,somegirlsaremorelikelytohaveaproblemof_______.A、showingdisobediencetotheirparentsB、compellingthemselvestodosomethingC、gettingintoafeverofexcitementeasilyD、focusingtheirattentiononplay標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。第五段第四句指出：這些孩子中剩下的20％——大多數(shù)為女孩——會(huì)變得孤僻，并更容易發(fā)展成恐懼癥、抑郁癥或者強(qiáng)迫癥?？梢?jiàn)，強(qiáng)迫自己做事情是女孩子缺少父母干預(yù)的結(jié)果，故[B]為答案。15、Theword"deft"(Line1,Para.6)mostprobablymeans_______.A、authenticB、solitaryC、cohesiveD、skillful標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語(yǔ)義題。倒數(shù)第二段最后指出，對(duì)孩子行為進(jìn)行干預(yù)的關(guān)鍵之一是父母。緊接著末段指出：當(dāng)然，如果孩子天生易患某種諸如注意力缺乏多動(dòng)癥的病癥，那么即使最deft的育兒方法也不會(huì)徹底消除問(wèn)題——但可以使情況得到改善。從句子中的讓步語(yǔ)氣可以判斷出，最好的、最巧妙的育兒方法也難以徹底解決問(wèn)題，但總是有些用處的，故[D]為答案。Theterm"formallearning"referstoalllearningwhichtakesplaceintheclassroomregardlessofwhethersuchlearningisinformedbyconservativeorprogressiveideologies."Informallearning",ontheotherhand,isusedtorefertolearningwhichtakesplaceoutsidetheclassroom.Thesedefinitionsprovidetheessentialdifferencebetweenthetwomodesoflearning.Formallearningisseparatedfromdailylifeandmayactuallypromotewaysoflearningandthinkingwhichoftenruncountertothoseobtainedfrompracticaldailylife.Acharacteristicfeatureofformallearningisthecentralityofactivitieswhichcanprepareforthechallengesofadultlifeoutsidetheclassroom,butitcannot,byitsnature,consistofthesechallenges.Indoingthis,languageplaysacriticalroleasthemajorchannelforinformationexchange.Thelanguageoftheclassroomismoresimilartothelanguageusedbymiddle-classfamiliesthanthatusedbyworking-classfamilies.Middle-classchildrenthusfinditeasiertoacquirethelanguageoftheclassroomthantheirworking-classclassmates.Informallearning,incontrast,occursinthesettingtowhichitrelates,makinglearningimmediatelyrelevant.Inthiscontext,languagedoesnotoccupysuchanimportantrole:thechild'sexperienceoflearningismoredirect,involvingsight,touch,taste,andsmell—sensesthatareunder-utilizedintheclassroom.Whereasformallearningistransmittedbyteachersselectedtoperformthisrole,informallearningisacquiredasanaturalpartofachild'ssocialization.Adultsorolderchildrenwhoareproficientintheskilloractivityprovide—sometimesunintentionally—targetmodelsofbehaviourinthecourseofeverydayactivity.Informallearning,therefore,cantakeplaceatanytimeandplace.Themotivationofthelearnerprovidesanothercriticaldifferencebetweenthetwomodelsoflearning.Theformallearnerisgenerallymotivatedbysomekindofexternalgoalsuchasparentalapproval,socialstatus,andpotentialfinancialreward.Theinformallearner,however,tendstobemotivatedbysuccessfulcompletionofthetaskitselfandthepartialacquisitionofadultstatus.Giventhatlearningsystemsdevelopasaresponsetothesocialandeconomiccontextsinwhichtheyarefixed,itisunderstandablethatmodern,highlyurbanizedsocietieshaveconcentratedalmostexclusivelyontheestablishmentofformaleducationsystems.Whatthesesocietieshavefailedtorecognisearethewaysinwhichformallearninghindersthechild'smulti-sensoryacquisitionofpracticalskills.Thefailuretoprovideachildwithadirecteducationmayinpartaccountformanyofthesocialproblemswhichtroubleoursocieties.16、Formallearningandinformallearningaremainlydistinguishedby_________.A、theplacewheretheytakeplaceB、thekindofknowledgetobeobtainedC、thepeoplewholearnD、thelanguageusedininstruction標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段對(duì)正式學(xué)習(xí)和非正式學(xué)習(xí)下的定義明確地按是否在教室進(jìn)行劃分了兩種學(xué)習(xí)方式。故選[A]。而其他三項(xiàng)是在對(duì)兩種學(xué)習(xí)方式劃分后，比較它們本質(zhì)上的區(qū)別。17、Thelanguageusedinclassroominstructionexplains_________.A、howlearningcantakeplaceefficientlyB、whyitisnoteasyforchildrenofworking-classfamiliestogethighscoresC、whyinformallearningismoreimportantD、whyformallearningdoesnotworkwithchildrenofmiddle-classfamilies標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。第三段第二句指出，Thelanguageoftheclassroomismoresimilartothelanguageusedbymiddle-classfamiliesthan…，即正式教育所使用的語(yǔ)言與中產(chǎn)階級(jí)家庭中使用的語(yǔ)言相似，因而中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的小孩比工人的小孩更容易理解課堂語(yǔ)言。由此可推斷出[B]正確。[A]、[C]均與語(yǔ)言無(wú)關(guān)；[D]與第三段相反。18、Ininformallearning,_________.A、childrenusuallyfollowtheexamplesoftheirteacherstoshapetheirownbehaviourB、children’slearningismoreindirectC、childrenarehighlymotivatedbythelearningactivityitselfD、children’sdailylifeisexcluded標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。由第六段最后一句“非正式學(xué)習(xí)者的動(dòng)機(jī)往往是由成功完成任務(wù)的本身和部分獲得成人身份所激發(fā)的”可知，[C]符合文意。19、Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthepresentstateofformallearningis_________.A、approvalB、criticismC、suspicionD、indifference標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：態(tài)度題。第二段最后一句指出，正式學(xué)習(xí)(教育)本質(zhì)上無(wú)法包括孩子成人后所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。最后一段也指出，正式學(xué)習(xí)(教育)的缺陷是導(dǎo)致很多社會(huì)問(wèn)題的原因。故選[B]。20、Whichofthefollowingmostaccuratelydescribestheorganizationofthetext?A、Theauthordoesnothingbutdefinetwomodesoflearning.B、Theauthorfirstoffersadefinitiontoeachofthetwomodesoflearningandthencomparesthem.C、Theauthorcomparesthetwomodeoflearningandconcludesthatinformallearningisbetterthanformallearning.D、Theauthoradvocatesbanningformallearningforitaccountsformanysocialproblems.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：篇章題。作者在第一段中對(duì)兩種學(xué)習(xí)方式下了定義，在隨后的二、三、四、五、六段中對(duì)兩種學(xué)習(xí)方式進(jìn)行了比較，最后指出正式學(xué)習(xí)(教育)的缺陷導(dǎo)致很多社會(huì)問(wèn)題。故[B]正確。[A]是第一段的內(nèi)容，顯然不對(duì)；作者在文章中并沒(méi)有比較兩種學(xué)習(xí)方式孰優(yōu)孰劣，所以[C]不對(duì)；作者也沒(méi)有說(shuō)要禁止正式教育，故[D]不對(duì)。二、閱讀9翻譯句子)(本題共5題，每題1.0分，共5分。)Oneoftherulesforbeingrichistoavoidfrivoloustemptations.Thatiseasiersaidthandone,andwedonotnecessarilyrecommendthatallpeopleshouldleadapureandjoylesslife.WemeanonlytopointoutthatthegreatmajorityofthosefourpercentofAmericanswhohave$1,000,000innetworthgettowheretheyarebecausetheycontroltheirpleasures.【F1】Forexample,richAmericansbuycarsthatareonaverageonlyslightlymoreexpensivethanthoselesswealthyAmericansbuy.Beingabletosaveandaccumulateconsiderablewealthisnotautomatic.【F2】Peoplemusthaveareasonableincomeinordertosaveamountsthatwillmakeforwealth,whichrequiresseveralauxiliaryrulesforachievinganincomelevelthatwillallowforaminimumsavinglevel.Formost—thosewithouttherequisiteluck,inheritance,specialtalents,orgoodideas—becomingrichmeansgettinganeducation.Fewpeoplewhodropoutofhighschoolwillberich.Theincomeofhighschooldropoutsisabouttwo-thirdsthatofAmericanswithahighschooldiploma.【F3】Tohaveagoodchanceatbeingrich,though,mostindividuals(asidefortheluckyones)willneedatleastacollegeeducation,whichjustaboutwilldoubletheirincomesoverwhattheywouldhaveearnedwithonlyahighschooldiploma.Aprofessionaldegreewillresultinanaverageannualincomeofabouttwicethatofcollegegraduates(orsixtimestheincomeofahighschooldropout).Thismeansthatthosewhoinvestineducationdonothavetosaveashighapercentageofincometobecomerichatretirement.【F4】However,inallprobability,educatedAmericanswillbericheratretirementsimplybecausetheywillbeabletosavemorealongthewayandbecausetheyarelikelytobesmarterandcanachieveahigherrateofreturnontheirsavings.Fromourperspective,becomingrichisreallyamatterofchoice.Opportunitytodosoabound.Ofcourse,recognizingthatyoucanchoosetobecomerichdoesnotmeanthatyoushould.【F5】Aswehavenoted,choosingtobecomerichrequiressacrificesthatmanypeoplequiterationallyhavechosennottomake.Onecanleadaliferichinsatisfactionandaccomplishmentwithoutbecomingrichfinancially,andnothingwehavewrittenhereismeanttosuggestotherwise.21、【F1】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：例如，富有的美國(guó)人買的汽車，平均來(lái)講，只是略好于那些不太富有的人的汽車。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析22、【F2】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：要想省一定量的錢來(lái)積累成為財(cái)富，人們必須有適當(dāng)?shù)氖杖?。為達(dá)到能夠允許最低節(jié)省錢的收入水平還需要幾個(gè)輔助規(guī)則。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析23、【F3】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：但是要想有充足的機(jī)會(huì)致富，大多數(shù)（除了幸運(yùn)的）人至少需要受到大學(xué)教育，與只有高中文憑的人相比，大學(xué)教育可使他們的收入翻一番。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析24、【F4】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：但是極為可能的是，受過(guò)良好教育的美國(guó)人之所以在退休時(shí)更富有僅僅是因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)谶^(guò)去的歲月里積攢得更多，而且他們可能更明智，會(huì)獲取更高的存款的投資回報(bào)率。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析25、【F5】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：正像我們所見(jiàn)，選擇致富需要犧牲，很多人理智地選擇不作出犧牲。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)Forthefirsttimeinhistorymorepeopleliveintownsthaninthecountry.InBritainthishashadacuriousresult.WhilepollsshowBritonsrate"thecountryside"alongsidetheroyalfamily,ShakespeareandtheNationalHealthService(NHS)aswhatmakesthemproudestoftheircountry,thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport.AcenturyagoOctaviaHilllaunchedtheNationalTrustnottorescuestylishhousesbuttosave"thebeautyofnaturalplacesforeveryoneforever."Itwasspecificallytoprovidecitydwellerswithspacesforleisurewheretheycouldexperience"arefreshingair."Hill'spressurelaterledtothecreationofnationalparksandgreenbelts.Theydon'tmakecountrysideanymore,andeveryyearconcreteconsumesmoreofit.Itneedsconstantguardianship.Atthenextelectionnoneofthebigpartiesseemlikelytoendorsethissentiment.TheConservatives'planningreformexplicitlygivesruraldevelopmentpriorityoverconservation,evenauthorising"off-plan"buildingwherelocalpeoplemightobject.Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeendefinedasprofitable.Labourlikewisewantstodiscontinuelocalplanningwherecouncilsopposedevelopment.TheLiberalDemocratsaresilent.OnlyUkip,sensingitschance,hassidedwiththosepleadingforamoreconsideredapproachtousinggreenland.ItsCampaigntoProtectRuralEnglandstruckterrorintomanylocalConservativeparties.Thesensibleplacetobuildnewhouses,factoriesandofficesiswherepeopleare,incitiesandtownswhereinfrastructureisinplace.TheLondonagentsStirlingAckroydrecentlyidentifiedenoughsitesforhalfamillionhousesintheLondonareaalone,withnointrusionongreenbelt.WhatistrueofLondoniseventrueroftheprovinces.Theideathat"housingcrisis"equals"concretedmeadows"ispurelobbytalk.Theissueisnottheneedformorehousebut,asalways,wheretoputthem.Underlobbypressure,GeorgeOsbornefavoursruralnew-buildagainsturbanrenovationandrenewal.Hefavoursout-of-townshoppingsitesagainsthighstreets.Thisisnotafreemarketbutabiasedone.Ruraltownsandvillageshavegrownandwillalwaysgrow.Theydosobestwherebuildingstickstotheiredgesandrespectstheircharacter.Wedonotruinurbanconservationareas.Whyruinruralones?Developmentshouldbeplanned,notletrip.AftertheNetherlands,BritainisEurope'smostcrowdedcountry.Halfacenturyoftownandcountryplanninghasenabledittoretainanenviableruralcoherence,whilestillpermittinglow-densityurbanliving.Thereisnodoubtofthealternative—thecorruptedlandscapesofsouthernPortugal,SpainorIreland.Avoidingthisratherthanpromotingitshouldunitetheleftandrightofthepoliticalspectrum.1、Britain’spublicsentimentaboutthecountrysideA、didn’tstarttilltheShakespeareanage.B、hasbroughtmuchbenefittotheNHS.C、isfullybackedbytheroyalfamily.D、isnotwellreflectedinpolitics.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Britain’spublicsentiment和countryside定位到第一段。由該段第二句“盡管民意調(diào)查顯示，英國(guó)人把‘鄉(xiāng)村’與皇室、莎士比亞和國(guó)民醫(yī)療服務(wù)制度列為國(guó)家最讓他們自豪的四個(gè)方面，但是這種觀點(diǎn)得到的政治支持卻極為有限”可知，D項(xiàng)“在政治中沒(méi)有得到很好的體現(xiàn)”符合題意，故D項(xiàng)為正確答案。A項(xiàng)“從莎士比亞時(shí)代起才有體現(xiàn)”、B項(xiàng)“讓國(guó)民醫(yī)療服務(wù)制度受益”和C項(xiàng)“皇室家庭全力支持”均不符合文意，故排除。2、AccordingtoParagraph2,theachievementsoftheNationalTrustarenowbeingA、graduallydestroyed.B、effectivelyreinforced.C、largelyovershadowed.D、properlyprotected.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Paragraph2定位到第二段。由該段第一、二句可知，國(guó)民信托組織“永遠(yuǎn)為大家保存自然美景”，為城市居民提供休閑的空間，但這是發(fā)生在一個(gè)世紀(jì)前。結(jié)合第三句的later和第四句的everyyear，可知第四、五句更符合題干所指的情況，即“而現(xiàn)在他們不再建設(shè)鄉(xiāng)村，每年鋼筋混凝土建筑占用了很多鄉(xiāng)村土地。鄉(xiāng)村需要持續(xù)保護(hù)”，這其中暗含國(guó)民信托組織的成就被逐漸破壞，如今已經(jīng)背離了它的初衷。故A項(xiàng)為正確答案。B項(xiàng)“有效地增強(qiáng)”和D項(xiàng)“得到適當(dāng)?shù)谋Ｗo(hù)”與原文意思相反。C項(xiàng)“很大程度上被掩蓋”不符合文意。3、WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?A、Labourisunderattackforopposingdevelopment.B、TheConservativesmayabandon"off-plan"building.C、TheLiberalDemocratsarelosingpoliticalinfluence.D、Ukipmaygainfromitssupportforruralconservation.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Paragraph3定位到第三段。由該段倒數(shù)第一、二句指出“只有英國(guó)獨(dú)立黨意識(shí)到它的機(jī)會(huì)，支持那些主張合理使用綠地的人。它保護(hù)英格蘭鄉(xiāng)村的運(yùn)動(dòng)使當(dāng)?shù)卦S多保守黨感到恐慌”，故據(jù)此能夠推出英國(guó)獨(dú)立黨贊同保護(hù)鄉(xiāng)村，故D項(xiàng)為正確答案。A項(xiàng)“工黨因?yàn)榉磳?duì)發(fā)展所以被攻擊”不符合文意。B項(xiàng)偷換了概念，把原文的localpeople換為TheConser-vatives。C項(xiàng)“自由民主黨正在失去政治影響力”是對(duì)原文TheLiberalDemocratsaresilent的過(guò)度推斷。4、TheauthorholdsthatGeorgeOsborne’spreferenceA、highlightshisfirmstandagainstlobbypressure.B、showshisdisregardforthecharacterofruralareas.C、stressesthenecessityofeasingthehousingcrisis.D、revealsastrongprejudiceagainsturbanareas.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞GeorgeOsborne定位到第五段。題干問(wèn)的是作者對(duì)于奧斯本觀點(diǎn)的看法，所以只需要看在奧斯本的觀點(diǎn)之后作者的表達(dá)內(nèi)容，后面的“這不是自由市場(chǎng)，而是一個(gè)帶有偏見(jiàn)的市場(chǎng)”和“我們沒(méi)有破壞城市中受到保護(hù)的地方，為什么要破壞鄉(xiāng)村保護(hù)區(qū)呢”表達(dá)了作者的觀點(diǎn)。這就說(shuō)明奧斯本一方的觀點(diǎn)是要破壞鄉(xiāng)村環(huán)境。所以可得出答案是奧斯本的想法表明了他對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村特點(diǎn)的忽視。故正確答案為B項(xiàng)。5、Inthelastparagraph,theauthorshowshisappreciationofA、thesizeofpopulationinBritain.B、thepoliticallifeintoday’sBritain.C、theenviableurbanlifestyleinBritain.D、thetown-and-countryplanninginBritain標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Inthelastparagraph定位到最后一段。首句指出“開(kāi)發(fā)是要有計(jì)劃的，不能任其自由發(fā)展”，然后以英國(guó)為例提到“半個(gè)世紀(jì)的城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃使英國(guó)保持了令人羨慕的鄉(xiāng)村和諧，同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)了低密度的城市生活”，說(shuō)明這一計(jì)劃取得了很好的成效。故選擇D項(xiàng)“英國(guó)的城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃”為正確答案。A項(xiàng)“英國(guó)的人口規(guī)?！?、B項(xiàng)“今天英國(guó)的政治生活”和C項(xiàng)“英國(guó)令人羨慕的城市生活方式”不符合文意。Onafivetothreevote,theSupremeCourtknockedoutmuchofArizona'simmigrationlawMonday—amodestpolicyvictoryfortheObamaAdministration.ButonthemoreimportantmatteroftheConstitution,thedecisionwasan8-0defeatfortheAdministration'sefforttoupsetthebalanceofpowerbetweenthefederalgovernmentandthestates.InArizonav.UnitedStates,themajorityoverturnedthreeofthefourcontestedprovisionsofArizona'scontroversialplantohavestateandlocalpoliceenforcefederalimmigrationlaw.TheConstitutionalprinciplesthatWashingtonalonehasthepowerto"establishauniformRuleofNaturalization"andthatfederallawsprecedestatelawsarenoncontroversial.Arizonahadattemptedtofashionstatepoliciesthatranparalleltotheexistingfederalones.JusticeAnthonyKennedyjoinedbyChiefJusticeJohnRobertsandtheCourt