考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷8（共210題）

考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷8（共9套）（共210題）考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)Inarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruptionconvictionofaformerVirginiagovernor,RobertMcDonnell.Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariautomobilefromacompanyseekingaccesstogovernment.Thehighcourt'sdecisionsaidthejudgeinMr.McDonnell'strailfailedtotellajurythatitmustlookonlyathis"officialacts,"ortheformergovernor'sdecisionson"specific"and"unsettled"issuesrelatedtohisduties.Merelyhelpingagift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,unlessdonewithclearintenttopressurethoseofficials,isnotcorruption,thejusticesfound.Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnforopeningdoorsis"distasteful"and"nasty."Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganeventisnotan"officialact."Thecourt'srulingislegallysoundindefiningakindoffavoritismthatisnotcriminal.Electedleadersmustbeallowedtohelpsupportersdealwithbureaucraticproblemswithoutfearofprosecutionforbribery."Thebasiccompactunderlyingrepresentativegovernment,"wroteChiefJusticeJohnRobertforthecourt,"assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituentsandactontheirconcerns."Buttherulingreinforcestheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthecourts,toensureequalityofaccesstogovernment.Officialsmustnotbeallowedtoplayfavoritesinprovidinginformationorinarrangingmeetingssimplybecauseanindividualorgroupprovidesacampaigndonationorapersonalgift.Thistypeofintegrityrequireswell-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rulesonlobbying,andinformationabouteachelectedleader'ssourcesofwealth.Favoritisminofficialaccesscanfanpublicperceptionsofcorruption.Butitisnotalwayscorruption.Ratherofficialsmustavoiddoublestandards,ordifferenttypesofaccessforaveragepeopleandthewealthy.Ifconnectionscanbebought,abasicpremiseofdemocraticsociety—thatallareequalintreatmentbygovernment—isundermined.Goodgovernancerestsonanunderstandingoftheinherentworthofeachindividual.Thecourt'srulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficialfavoritism.1、Theunderlinedsentence(Para.1)mostprobablyshowsthatthecourtA、avoideddefiningtheextentofMcDonnell’sduties.B、madenocompromiseinconvictingMcDonnell.C、wascontemptuousofMcDonnell’sconduct.D、refusedtocommentonMcDonnell’sethics.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中給出的已知信息可以定位到文章第一段中畫(huà)線句子。要正確理解劃線的句子需要了解本句中涉及的幾個(gè)代詞和固定表達(dá)。句中的it指的是上文提到的theUSSupremeCourt。代詞so指代的是上文中提到的overturntheconvictionofaformerVirginiagovemor。while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，固定表達(dá)holdone’snose表示“嗤之以鼻”。把這幾個(gè)問(wèn)題解決了之后，本句的意思就變得明朗了：“然而最高法庭對(duì)他的某些行為——收受企圖接近政府的企業(yè)贈(zèng)送的勞力士手表和法拉利轎車——所涉及的道德問(wèn)題嗤之以鼻”。那么C項(xiàng)“法庭對(duì)于麥克唐納的行為表示不屑”就是對(duì)文章的同義替換。2、AccordingtoParagraph4,anofficialactisdeemedcorruptiveonlyifitinvolvesA、concretereturnsforgift-givers.B、sizablegainsintheformofgifts.C、leakingsecretsintentionally.D、breakingcontractsofficially.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干給出的已知段落可以快速定位到第四段。根據(jù)細(xì)節(jié)題命題特點(diǎn)之一，轉(zhuǎn)折之后有命題，定位到第四段的But轉(zhuǎn)折句，句中bribery就是corruption的同義替換。文章表明“根據(jù)反腐敗法規(guī)定，公務(wù)員必須給行賄人切實(shí)的利益反饋才能成為腐敗的證據(jù)”。A項(xiàng)是該句話的同義替換。B、C、D三項(xiàng)在文章第四段均沒(méi)有提及。3、Thecourt’srulingisbasedontheassumptionthatpublicofficialsareA、allowedtofocusontheconcernsoftheirsupporters.B、qualifiedtodealindependentlywithbureaucraticissues.C、justifiedinaddressingtheneedsoftheirconstituents.D、exemptfromconvictiononthechargeoffavoritism.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞court’sruling，assumption和publicofficial定位到文章第五段最后一句，assume可以和題干中的assumption進(jìn)行同義替換。文章定位詞之后的內(nèi)容表述為“代表制政府的基本契約是建立在：公務(wù)員聽(tīng)從選民的意見(jiàn)并且執(zhí)行選民的意愿”。C項(xiàng)“(公務(wù)員)有理由滿足選民的需要”符合文意，constituents意為“選民”，可與supporters“支持者”同義替換。故C項(xiàng)為正確答案。4、Well-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparencyareneededtoA、awakentheconscienceofofficials.B、guaranteefairplayinofficialaccess.C、allowforcertainkindsoflobbying.D、inspirehopesinaveragepeople.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Well-enforcedlaws和transparency定位到文章第六段的最后一句。但是這句話的句首出現(xiàn)了指代Thistypeofintegrity引導(dǎo)我們從定位句的前一句找答案。上句表明：“政府官員不得因個(gè)人或集體捐款和私人贈(zèng)送而在提供信息和安排會(huì)議方面出現(xiàn)偏頗?！睋Q句話說(shuō)就是要保證官員在執(zhí)行公務(wù)時(shí)保證公平公正。所以這道題目的正確答案是B項(xiàng)。5、Theauthor’sattitudetowardthecourt’srulingisA、sarcastic.B、tolerant.C、skeptical.D、supportive.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：態(tài)度題。態(tài)度題首先可排除不能人選的選項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)“諷刺的”有明顯的歧視偏見(jiàn)色彩，B項(xiàng)tolerant無(wú)法傳達(dá)作者的褒貶態(tài)度，因此這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)可以排除。根據(jù)題干細(xì)節(jié)court’sruling可以定位到最后一段，作者明確表示“最高法院的裁決是反腐和抑制政府出現(xiàn)偏袒行為的舉措”，因此此題的正解答案是D項(xiàng)supportive“支持的”。Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn'taffecther,Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant'ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentsstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn'tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththefeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline'sthree-yearindictmentof"fastfashion".Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,andmoreprofit.Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable—meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon'tadvertisethat—andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera$5.95knitminiskirtinallits2,300-piusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.Overdressedisthefashionworld'sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan'sTheOmnivore'sDilemma."Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnon-durableandwasteful,"Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear—about64itemsperperson—andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarahKateBeaumont,whosince2008hasmadeallofherownclothes—andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexamplecan'tbeknockedoff.Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment—includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionline—Clinebelieveslastingchangecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan'taffordnotto.6、PriestlycriticizesherassistantforherA、poorbargainingskill.B、insensitivitytofashion.C、obsessionwithhighfashion.D、lackofimagination.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段，scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther意為“斥責(zé)她那個(gè)毫無(wú)魅力的助手，因?yàn)樗闹终J(rèn)為高級(jí)時(shí)尚影響不到她自己”。所以題干criticizes是scolds的同義復(fù)現(xiàn)，B項(xiàng)中的“insensitivitytofashion”解釋了“imaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther”，故選B項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)“拙劣的討價(jià)還價(jià)技巧”是針對(duì)bargainbininwhichthepoorgirl出的干擾項(xiàng)。C項(xiàng)“癡迷于高級(jí)時(shí)尚”與原文表述相反。D項(xiàng)“缺乏想象力”是針對(duì)imagining出的干擾項(xiàng)。7、AccordingtoCline,mass-marketlabelsurgeconsumerstoA、combatunnecessarywaste.B、shutoutthefeverishfashionworld.C、resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements.D、shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞mass-marketlabels定位到第二段。段中…theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable…torenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks．意為“這些時(shí)裝廠商鼓勵(lì)追求時(shí)尚的消費(fèi)者把時(shí)裝變成一次性消費(fèi)品…過(guò)幾星期就更新一次衣柜”，題干urge就是原文encourage的同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。從原文可知時(shí)裝廠商是鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)者頻繁購(gòu)物，因此D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)“抵制不必要的浪費(fèi)”原文沒(méi)有提及。B項(xiàng)“將瘋狂的世界排除在外”，是對(duì)原文的曲解，也是利用短語(yǔ)atoddswith“與…起爭(zhēng)執(zhí)，有差異”設(shè)置的陷阱。C項(xiàng)“抵抗廣告的影響”是針對(duì)原文althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat出的干擾項(xiàng)。8、Theword"indictment"(Para.2)isclosestinmeaningtoA、accusation.B、enthusiasm.C、indifference.D、tolerance.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：含義題。猜測(cè)單詞含義要結(jié)合上下文的意思分析。本句…couldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththefeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed．ElizabethCline’sthree-yearindictmentof“fastfashion”，or連接兩個(gè)并列分句，or前是“太老套”，由此可判斷or后應(yīng)該是“太時(shí)尚”，describedinOverdressed，ElizabethCline’sthree-yearindictmentof“fastfashion”都是作定語(yǔ)修飾thefeverishworld(發(fā)燒的、瘋狂的世界)。結(jié)合前面couldn’t可知Cline對(duì)這fastfashion是否定的。段末提到hijack和shaking，也可知Cline對(duì)“快速時(shí)尚”持否定態(tài)度。B項(xiàng)enthusiasm“熱情”、D項(xiàng)tolerance“寬容”都是褒義詞。C項(xiàng)indifference“漠不關(guān)心，不感興趣”，但本文態(tài)度傾向很明顯。因此選A．a(chǎn)ccusation“譴責(zé)”?？巳R因的態(tài)度也確實(shí)是譴責(zé)，從下文寫(xiě)其負(fù)面影響可見(jiàn)一斑。9、Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A、Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.B、Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.C、Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.D、Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。本題可用排除法。A項(xiàng)“虛榮心更多地存在于理想主義者中”，原文只是說(shuō)Vanityisaconstant“虛榮心人皆有之”，屬于過(guò)度推斷。B項(xiàng)“快速時(shí)尚產(chǎn)業(yè)忽視了可持續(xù)發(fā)展”與原文相悖，原文說(shuō)有一些公司致力于減少對(duì)環(huán)境的影響。C項(xiàng)“人們對(duì)買不起的衣服更感興趣”，無(wú)中生有。D項(xiàng)“價(jià)格對(duì)于環(huán)保型購(gòu)物來(lái)說(shuō)至關(guān)重要”，文章最后提到“只有當(dāng)人們無(wú)法為自己的虛榮心買單時(shí)，他們才會(huì)以更加可持續(xù)的方式去購(gòu)物”，句中的關(guān)鍵詞是“afford”和“shopmoresustainably”，對(duì)應(yīng)D項(xiàng)中的“pricing”和“environmental—friendlypurchasing”，因此選D項(xiàng)。10、Whatisthesubjectofthetext?A、Satireonanextravagantlifestyle.B、Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth.C、Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry.D、Exposureofamass-marketsecret.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：主旨題。綜觀文章，第一段用事例引入時(shí)尚的話題，第二段切人文章主要論述問(wèn)題“快速時(shí)尚”，并指出它控制了時(shí)尚周期，動(dòng)搖了時(shí)尚產(chǎn)業(yè)。第三、四段指出“快速時(shí)尚”的弊端，比如：消耗自然資源、使用大量有害的化學(xué)物質(zhì)、浪費(fèi)等。最后兩段提到針對(duì)“快速時(shí)尚”的負(fù)面影響采取的應(yīng)對(duì)措施。由此可知，C項(xiàng)“批評(píng)快速時(shí)尚產(chǎn)業(yè)”論述了文章的主題。A項(xiàng)“諷刺奢侈的生活方式”，原文沒(méi)提。B項(xiàng)“挑戰(zhàn)高級(jí)時(shí)尚的神話”、D項(xiàng)“揭露暢銷的秘密”，均與文章關(guān)鍵詞fastfashion無(wú)關(guān)。France,whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion,hasdecideditsfashionindustryhaslostanabsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautyforwomen.Itslawmakersgavepreliminaryapprovallastweektoalawthatwouldmakeitacrimetoemployultra-thinmodelsonrunways.Theparliamentalsoa-greedtobanwebsitesthat"inciteexcessivethinness"bypromotingextremedieting.Suchmeasureshaveacoupleofupliftingmotives.Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbedefinedbylooksthatendupimpingingonhealth.That'sastart.Andthebanonultra-thinmodelsseemstogobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarvingthemselvestodeath—assomehavedone.Ittellsthefashionindustrythatitmusttakeresponsibilityforthesignalitsendswomen,especiallyteenagegirls,aboutthesocialtape-measuretheymustusetodeterminetheirindividualworth.Thebans,iffullyenforced,wouldsuggesttowomen(andmanymen)thattheyshouldnotletothersbearbitersoftheirbeauty.Andperhapsfaintly,theyhintthatpeopleshouldlooktointangiblequalitieslikecharacterandintellectratherthandietingtheirwaytosizezeroorwasp-waistphysiques.TheFrenchmeasures,however,relytoomuchonseverepunishmenttochangeaculturethatstillregardsbeautyasskin-deep—andbone-showing.Underthelaw,usingafashionmodelthatdoesnotmeetagovernment-definedindexofbodymasscouldresultina$85,000fineandsixmonthsinprison.Thefashionindustryknowsithasaninherentprobleminfocusingonmaterialadornmentandidealizedbodytypes.InDenmark,theUnitedStates,andafewothercountries,itistryingtosetvoluntarystandardsformodelsandfashionimagesthatrelymoreonpeerpressureforenforcement.IncontrasttoFrance'sactions,Denmark'sfashionindustryagreedlastmonthonrulesandsanctionsregardingtheage,health,andothercharacteristicsofmodels.ThenewlyrevisedDanishFashionEthicalCharterclearlystates:"Weareawareofandtakeresponsibilityfortheimpactthefashionindustryhasonbodyideals,especiallyonyoungpeople."Thecharter'smaintoolofenforcementistodenyaccessfordesignersandmodelingagenciestoCopenhagenFashionWeek(CFW),whichisrunbytheDanishFashionInstitute.Butingeneralitreliesonaname-and-shamemethodofcompliance.Relyingonethicalpersuasionratherthanlawtoaddressthemisuseofbodyidealsmaybethebeststep.Evenbetterwouldbetohelpelevatenotionsofbeautybeyondthematerialstandardsofaparticularindustry.11、Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwouldhappeninFrance?A、Physicalbeautywouldberedefined.B、Newrunwayswouldbeconstructed.C、Websitesaboutdietingwouldthrive.D、Thefashionindustrywoulddecline.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞thefirstparagraph定位到第一段。由首句“以作為全球時(shí)尚創(chuàng)新者為榮的法國(guó)已經(jīng)承認(rèn)失去定義女性形體美的絕對(duì)權(quán)利”可知，法國(guó)以前制定的女性形體美的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)已不再適用。第二句的“通過(guò)法律”“同意取締”具體解釋說(shuō)明如何產(chǎn)生變化。故A項(xiàng)“形體美會(huì)被重新定義”符合第一段的主題。B項(xiàng)“新的T臺(tái)會(huì)被重建”原文沒(méi)有提及。C項(xiàng)“有關(guān)節(jié)食的網(wǎng)站將發(fā)展壯大”和D項(xiàng)“時(shí)尚界會(huì)衰落”不符合第一段內(nèi)容。12、Thephrase"impingingon"(Line2,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningtoA、heighteningthevalueof.B、indicatingthestateof.C、losingfaithin.D、doingharmto.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：含義題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“impingingon”定位到第二段。第四句開(kāi)頭的And是邏輯關(guān)系詞，表示前后并列。And之后指出“對(duì)過(guò)于瘦弱的模特的禁令，似乎保護(hù)的不僅僅是模特免于被餓死”，再結(jié)合本段第二句推斷出，畫(huà)線詞組所在的句子也是積極正面的作用。再結(jié)合第二句的not可知，impingingon對(duì)health是“有害的，不利的”，故選D項(xiàng)doingharmto“損害；傷害；對(duì)…有害”為正確答案。A項(xiàng)“增加…的價(jià)值”、B項(xiàng)“揭示…的狀態(tài)”和C項(xiàng)“失去信心”均不能解釋impingingon。13、Whichofthefollowingistrueofthefashionindustry?A、TheFrenchmeasureshavealreadyfailed.B、NewstandardsarebeingsetinDenmark.C、Modelsarenolongerunderpeerpressure.D、Itsinherentproblemsaregettingworse.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞fashionindustry和選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容定位到第五段。該段第二句指出“在丹麥、美國(guó)和其他一些國(guó)家，時(shí)尚界嘗試為模特和時(shí)尚人物設(shè)定一些自愿的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，所以B項(xiàng)“丹麥正在制定新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”符合文意。同時(shí)結(jié)合第六段第二句的“新修訂的《丹麥時(shí)尚道德憲章》做出明確聲明”更加確定該選項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)“法國(guó)的措施已經(jīng)失敗了”、C項(xiàng)“模特不再有同儕壓力”和D項(xiàng)“它本身的問(wèn)題正變得糟糕”均不符合文意。14、AdesignerismostlikelytoberejectedbyCFWforA、settingahighagethresholdformodels.B、caringtoomuchaboutmodels’character.C、showinglittleconcernforhealthfactors.D、pursuingperfectphysicalconditions.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Adesigner和CFW定位到第六段。有關(guān)CFW的內(nèi)容是“該憲章主要的執(zhí)行手段是拒絕設(shè)計(jì)師和模特經(jīng)紀(jì)公司進(jìn)入由丹麥時(shí)裝協(xié)會(huì)舉辦的哥本哈根時(shí)裝周”。再結(jié)合該段首句“丹麥的時(shí)尚界上月同意關(guān)于模特年齡、健康和其他方面的法規(guī)和制裁”可知，丹麥時(shí)裝學(xué)院不再只關(guān)注身材，也關(guān)注健康。所以C項(xiàng)“不考慮健康因素”可能是設(shè)計(jì)師被哥本哈根時(shí)裝周拒絕的原因。A項(xiàng)“給模特設(shè)立較高的年齡門檻”、B項(xiàng)“太過(guò)關(guān)心模特的性格”和D項(xiàng)“追求完美的身材條件”均不是被拒絕的原因。15、Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?A、TheGreatThreatstotheFashionIndustryB、JustAnotherRoundofStruggleforBeautyC、ADilemmafortheStarvingModelsinFranceD、AChallengetotheFashionIndustry’sBodyIdeals標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：主旨題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞besttitle定位到全文。本文的中心詞為FashionIndustry(時(shí)尚界)，所以排除B項(xiàng)“只是新一輪的為美而奮斗”和C項(xiàng)“法國(guó)饑餓模特的困境”。A項(xiàng)“對(duì)時(shí)尚界的巨大威脅”偏離了文章中心。這篇文章的中心是圍繞對(duì)時(shí)尚界理想身材觀點(diǎn)的挑戰(zhàn)，故D項(xiàng)“對(duì)時(shí)尚界理想身材的挑戰(zhàn)”為正確答案。Inorderto"changelivesforthebetter"andreduce"dependency",GeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,introducedthe"upfrontworksearch"scheme.OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCV,registerforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefit—andthentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.Whatcouldbemorereasonable?Moreapparentreasonablenessfollowed.Therewillnowbeaseven-daywaitforthejobseeker'sallowance."Thosefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork,notlookingtosignon,"heclaimed."We'redoingthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplestayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintoworkfaster"Help?Really?Onfirsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,completewith"reforms"toanobviouslyindulgentsystemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,andsubsidiseslaziness.Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszealfor"fundamentalfairness"—protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.Losingajobishurting:youdon'tskipdowntothejobcentrewithasonginyourheart,delightedattheprospectofdoublingyourincomefromthegenerousstate.Itisfinanciallyterrifying,psychologicallyembarrassingandyouknowthatsupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;youarenowexcludedfromtheworkenvironmentthatofferspurposeandstructureinyourlife.Worse,thecrucialincometofeedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshasdisappeared.Askanyonenewlyunemployedwhattheywantandtheanswerisalways:ajob.ButinOsborneland,yourfirstinstinctistofallintodependency—permanentdependencyifyoucangetit—supportedbyastateonlytooreadytoindulgeyourfalsehood.Itisasthough20yearsofever-tougherreformsofthejobsearchandbenefitadministrationsystemneverhappened.TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens.Eventheveryphrase"jobseeker'sallowance"isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa"jobseeker"whohadnofundamentalrighttoabenefitheorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurancecontributions.Instead,theclaimantreceivesatime-limited"allowance,"conditionalonactivelyseekingajob;noentitlementandnoinsurance,at￡71.70aweek,oneoftheleastgenerousintheEU.16、GeorgeOsborne’sschemewasintendedtoA、providetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstobenefits.B、encouragejobseekers’activeengagementinjobseeking.C、motivatetheunemployedtoreportvoluntarily.D、guaranteejobseekers’legitimaterighttobenefits.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞GeorgeOsborne可定位到第一段。由首句Inorderto“changelivesforthebeRer”andreduce“dependency”可知GeorgeOsborne提出“upfrontworksearch”scheme的目的是“改善生活，減少依賴”，這與B項(xiàng)encouragejobseekers’activeengagementinjobseeking“鼓勵(lì)積極尋找工作”相吻合。17、Thephrase"tosignon"(Para.2)mostprobablymeansA、tocheckontheavailabilityofjobsatthejobcentre.B、toacceptthegovernment’srestrictionsontheallowance.C、toregisterforanallowancefromthegovernment.D、toattendagovernmentaljob-trainingprogram.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：含義題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第二段。由第三句Thosefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork，notlookingtosignon可推斷出答案應(yīng)與lookingforwork語(yǔ)意相反。C項(xiàng)“注冊(cè)享受政府補(bǔ)貼”，與找工作正好相對(duì)，為正確答案。A項(xiàng)“在就業(yè)中心尋找工作機(jī)會(huì)”與lookingforwork意思一致，所以不能選。B項(xiàng)“接受政府補(bǔ)貼的限制條件”跟找工作沒(méi)有必然的對(duì)立關(guān)系。D項(xiàng)“參加政府的就業(yè)培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目”文中并未提到。18、Whatpromptedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?A、Adesiretosecureabetterlifeforall.B、Aneagernesstoprotecttheunemployed.C、Anurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants.D、Apassiontoensurefairnessfortaxpayers.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞prompt和chancellor定位到第二段。段中tryingtochangelivesforthebetter以及后一句Whatmotivatedhim,…washiszealfor“fundamentalfairness”，破折號(hào)后列舉了“基本公平”的具體表現(xiàn)。A項(xiàng)“保證所有人的美好生活”與tryingtochangelivesforthebetter一致，為正確答案。B項(xiàng)“保護(hù)失業(yè)者”，文章主要講如何鼓勵(lì)失業(yè)者找工作，并不是籠統(tǒng)地“保護(hù)”。C項(xiàng)“慷慨地對(duì)待申請(qǐng)人”與ensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits不符。D項(xiàng)“保證納稅人的公平”只是A項(xiàng)的補(bǔ)充信息，以偏概全。因此答案為A項(xiàng)。19、AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesonefeelA、uneasy.B、enraged.C、insulted.D、guilty.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第三段。第三段首句與題干一致，由下旬Itisfinanciallyterrifying，psychologicallyembarrassing…可以得出A項(xiàng)uneasy“焦慮的，不安的”為正確答案。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)意思均不符合文意。20、Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?A、TheBritishwelfaresystemindulgesjobseekers’laziness.B、Osborne’sreformswillreducetheriskofunemployment.C、Thejobseekers’allowancehasmettheiractualneeds.D、Unemploymentbenefitsshouldnotbemadeconditional.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：態(tài)度題。A項(xiàng)是Osborne的主張，不是作者觀點(diǎn)；由最后一段的TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens，可知B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。由第三段Worse，thecrucialincometofeedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshasdisappeared．和最后一段at￡71．70aweek，oneoftheleastgenerousintheEU，可知C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。綜合理解最后一段，尤其是全文最后一句中的關(guān)鍵詞Instead，可以推斷出作者對(duì)有條件限制地申領(lǐng)救濟(jì)金不滿，故確定答案為D項(xiàng)?？佳杏⒄Z(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)Thosedaysarelonggonewhenplacingatelephonecallmeantsimplypickingupthereceiverandaskingtheoperatortopatchyouthrough.Moderncellphonesrequireuserstonavigateaseriesofmenustofindnumbers,placecallsorcheckmessages.Eventhemosttech-savvymaytakeweekstodiscoversomeofthemoremysteriousmultimediafunctions.Imaginethedifficultyforsomeoneunabletoread.Thatisthechallengeformobilecommunicationscompaniesaimingtobranchoutintodevelopingcountries.Theprospectsseenfromthelastdecadearealluring:onlyaboutonetenthofIndia'spopulationusecellphones.Butsellingtopoorruralareasisnotlikelytohappenwithamarketingversionof"plugandplay."Mostpotentialbuyershavelittleexposuretoanythingotherthansimpleelectronics.Readingthroughaseriesofhierarchicalmenusandpushingbuttonsformultiplepurposeswouldbenewconceptsforsuchcustomers.Tocomeupwithasuitabledevice,Motorolareliedonateamofanthropologists,psychologistsanddesignerstostudyhowtextuallyilliteratevillagersusetheiragingtelevisions,tapeplayersandphones.Theresearchersnoticedthattheirsubjectswouldlearneachbutton'sdedicatedfunction.Withsomethingmorecomplicated,suchasanautomatedtellermachine,userswouldmemorizeasetofbehaviorsinorder,whichallowedthemtomovethroughthemachine'sbasichierarchywithouthavingtoreadthemenu.Theresearch,whichlastedthreeyears,ledMotorolatocraftacellularphoneslimmeddowntothreeessentialactivities:calling,managingnumbersandsimpletextmessaging."Alotofthefunctionsinacellphonearenotusefultoanyone,"pointsoutGabrielWhite,whoheadedtheinteractivedesignteam.Theicon-basedinterfacealsorequiredthought.Notallcellphonecompaniesbelievethatadesignfornonliterateusersshouldstartfromscratch.Nokia'sbehavioralresearchersnoticedthat"newbies"relyonfriendsandrelativestohelpthemwithbasicfunctions.Ratherthanconfrontingthechallengeofacompletelynewinterface,Nokiachosetoprovidesomeaudiomenusinitspopular1100modelandapreviewmodesothatpeoplecouldtryoutfunctionswithouttheriskofchanginganythingimportant.Mobilephonesmayevenbecometoolsforliteracy,predictsBJFogg,whostudiescomputer-humaninteractionatStanfordUniversity.Phonesmightteachthealphabetortellastoryasusersreadalong."Imagineifiteventuallycouldunderstandyourweakpointsanddrillyouonthose,"Foggproposes.Andsoonenough,hedeclares,designsorilliterateuserswillleadtomorestraightforward,elegantphonesforeveryone.1、ThedifferencebetweenmoderncellphonesandoldphonesliesinthatA、itrequiresmoreintelligenceandeducationtousemodemcellphones.B、ittakesmoreweekstogetfamiliarwithmodemcellphones.C、modemcellphonesaremorecomplicatedwithmanyfunctions.D、modemcellphonesaremoremysterioustoolsforpeople.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。答案在第一段鏞該段主要就是介紹了過(guò)去的老式電話和現(xiàn)代手機(jī)使用方式上的不同，突出了現(xiàn)代手機(jī)紛繁復(fù)雜的功能及其對(duì)用戶造成的困擾，故選C項(xiàng)。2、ThesalesofmobilephonestopoorruralareasmaybeimpossibleprobablybecausemostpotentialbuyersA、havedifficultywithmenusofmultiplepurposes.B、cannotacceptnewconceptsofmobilephones.C、onlyreadmenusandpushbuttonsofsimpleelectronics.D、donotlikethemarketingstrategyof"plugandplay".標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，考查因果細(xì)節(jié)及轉(zhuǎn)折細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)poorruralareas定位到第二段，段中But信號(hào)詞提示新信息出現(xiàn)的地方，這段內(nèi)容提到一些營(yíng)銷策略在貧困的農(nóng)村地區(qū)行不通，因?yàn)槟抢锏拇蠖鄶?shù)潛在買家沒(méi)有接觸過(guò)復(fù)雜的電子產(chǎn)品，也就無(wú)法理解復(fù)雜菜單和按鈕操作，故選A項(xiàng)。3、TheresearchesheldbyMotorolashowedthatthetextuallyilliteratevillagersA、werewillingtouseoldmachineswithlittlefunctions.B、hadtotakesomelessonstolearnthenewfunctions.C、couldrememberthemajorfunctionofeachbutton.D、wouldavoidreadingthehierarchymenusofthemachine.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)Motorola定位到第三段。文中提到不識(shí)字的鄉(xiāng)下人在遇到使用復(fù)雜電器的情況時(shí)，往往按部就班記下操作流程而不看具體操作流程，故選D項(xiàng)。4、Theslangtermof"newbies"(Line2,Paragraph5)mostprobablymeansA、newstudents.B、newcomers.C、newborns.D、newwebs.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：詞義推斷題。原文該處提到是在親人朋友的幫助下學(xué)會(huì)基本操作，由此可推斷newbies有“新手”之義，B項(xiàng)正確。5、FoggbelievesthatthefuturemobilephonescouldnotA、teachilliteratestolearnalphabets.B、understandtheuser’sideasandpoints.C、helpusersexercisetheirlanguages.D、becomemoredirectandelegant.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。B項(xiàng)中談到手機(jī)能了解人的想法，而文中提到的則是手機(jī)能了解人的閱讀弱點(diǎn)，顯然B項(xiàng)張冠李戴了。Themoneyisthere.Sowhyisitnotbeingspent?Thatisthebigpuzzleabouttherichworld'seffortstoimprovehealthinpoorcountries.InJunetheleadersoftheG8promisedupto$8billiontotheGlobalFundtoFightAIDS,TuberculosisandMalaria,anumbrellagroupcoordinatinghealthaid.TheGlobalFundcloseditslatestroundoffundingapplicationsthisweekbutmuchofthemoneycommittedremainsunused.Officialsatthefundinsistthatallisfine:disbursementsalwayslagcommitmentsandmoneycanbereleasedonlyifitwillbespenteffectively.ButexpertssuchasJosephDwyerofManagementSciencesforHealthsaythatthepitifulstateofpoorcountries'healthservicesisthemainreasonforthegapbetweenwhatispromisedandwhatisspent.JulianSchweitzeroftheWorldBanksaysthatphysicalandhumanshortagesinlocalhealthservicesrepresent"ahugebottlenecktoaid".Nowtheaideffortsmaybemakingthingsworse.JordanKassalowoftheScojoFoundation,anAmericancharity,observesthatrichsingle-issueoutfitstendtodivertthebestmedicaltalenttotrendycausesandawayfrombasicmedicineagainstdiarrhoeaandrespiratoryinfections—thechiefkillersofchildren.LaurieGarrettoftheCouncilonForeignRelationshasadifferentworry:thoseanti-corruptioneffortshavepusheddonorsintoanobsessionwithoftenmeaninglessshort-termtargets.Theresultisanever-endingstreamofdocumentsandmeetings.Asharpfocusonprocessandtargetsordainedfromonhighmakesithardertobeflexibleandinnovativeortotakeadvantageofenterprisinglocals.Inpoorcountries,lamentsMsGarrett,"wealmostspitontheprivatesector."Butitistheprivatesectorthatmayofferthemostpracticalchanceofprogress.Fedupwiththecostsofanunhealthyworkforce,manybiglocalandmultinationalfirmsinAfricaandAsiaarenowofferingtheirowninnovativehealthschemes.Thesestartedassimpleanti-AIDSeffortsatminingfirmssuchasAngloAmerican.Nowtheyhavespread.HSBC,aLondon-basedinternationalbank,recentlystartedaschemetoimproveitssuppliers'andcustomers'health.Intraining,too,private-sectorandvoluntaryeffortsmayworkbetterthanofficialprogrammes.TheInternationalCentreforEqualHealthcareAccesshastrainedthousandsoflocalhealth-careworkersinSou