動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)選修7Unit2市公開課一等獎(jiǎng)省賽課微課金獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

Unit2Robots——Grammar動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)1/28一、RevisethePassiveVoice

主動(dòng)語態(tài)（theactivevoice）被動(dòng)語態(tài)（thepassivevoice）如：①Everyoneenjoysexcitingsports.(主動(dòng)語態(tài))

主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者;

②Excitingsportsareenjoyedbyeveryone.(被動(dòng)語態(tài))

被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作承受者。2/28ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.主被動(dòng)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換：Tombrokethewindow.3/28如：我故鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了很大改變。不能說：Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinmyhometown.通常只有及物動(dòng)詞（組）才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞沒有。4/28現(xiàn)在時(shí)過去時(shí)未來時(shí)普通式______given___

______given__________進(jìn)行式__________

given______

_________

given完成式_________

given

_________given___________時(shí)式常見主被動(dòng)時(shí)態(tài)改變一覽表was

givengivenamisareambeingisbeingarebeinghasbeenhavebeenwerewasbeingwerebeinghadbeenshallbewillbeshall/willhavebeen5/281.復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞不定式主動(dòng)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)普通式進(jìn)行式完成式主動(dòng)todotobedoingtohavedone被動(dòng)tobedoneto

have

been

done6/281.Thedam_____bytheyear,willbenefitthewholecountry.A.beingcompletedB.tocompleteC.completedD.tobecompletedD

2.Shetoldmethatherproposalneeded_____intoconsideration.A.totakeB.tobetakenC.tobetakingD.tohavetakenB

7/282.動(dòng)詞不定式被動(dòng)語態(tài)在句子中作用1)做主語（慣用it做形式主語）

Tobeofferedsympathybyarobotisridiculous.被邀請(qǐng)參加這個(gè)亞運(yùn)會(huì)開幕式，是一大榮幸。

2)做表語

ThepartyistobeheldnextSaturdayevening.明年,這種新藥將在500個(gè)過分肥胖人上進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。Itisridiculoustobeofferedsympathyby….ItisagreathonortobeinvitedtoattendtheopeningceremonyofAsianGames.Thenewdrugistobetestedoutonthe500overweightpeoplenextyear.8/283)做賓語

Shedidn’tliketobetreatedasachild.Hepretendedtohavebeenbeatenbyhisstep-father.這位職員不希望被她用戶嘲笑。Theclerkwouldn’tliketobelaughedatbyhercustomers4)做賓語補(bǔ)足語

Tonyexpectedthehousetobecompletelytransformed.

這個(gè)殘疾孩子希望由這個(gè)主建筑師來設(shè)計(jì)這座

電影院。Thedisabledchildexpectedthecinematobedesignedbythechiefarchitect.9/285）做定語

Whatavictorytobeenviedbythosewomen!

英國(guó)人對(duì)即將在倫敦舉行奧運(yùn)會(huì)感到驕傲。TheEnglishareproudoftheOlympicGamestobeheldinLondon.6）做狀語

AllthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediatelysoastobereceivedintimeforChristmas.他慌忙趕到訂票處（bookingoffice）卻被通知全部票都賣完了。Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonlytobetoldthatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.10/283.在以下情況中用不定式主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意思。

1)不定式作后置定語，與被修飾名詞或代詞組成邏輯上動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但又與該句主語（或另一名

詞/代詞）組成邏輯上主謂關(guān)系時(shí),

Hehasnothingtoeat.

分析：eat動(dòng)→nothing賓/he主→eat謂

Iwillgiveyouabooktoread.

分析：_____動(dòng)→________賓/_____主→_____謂

這個(gè)優(yōu)雅女人有事情要宣告。readabookyoureadTheelegantladyhadsomethingtodeclare.11/28★比較：

Ihavealotofletterstotype.(我有很多信件要打?。篒willtypetheletter)

Ihavealotofletterstobetyped.

(意思為：Igetsb.totypetheletter)

1)I’llgotoNewYork.Haveyouanything____________(take)toyourwifethere?2)Doyouhaveanyclothes____________(wash),

sir?”askedthemaid3)IcannotgooutnowasIhavealotofclothes___________(wash)tobetakentobewashedtowash★注意：若句子主語并非不定式邏輯主語時(shí)，不定式則必須用被動(dòng)式。12/283.在以下情況中用不定式主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意思。

2)在“主語+表語（形容詞）todo”中，主語也是

不定式邏輯賓語,即不定式動(dòng)詞和主語之間是

動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。

Thisquestioniseasytoanswer.

（分析：answer(動(dòng))------thisquestion（賓））

★

注意：

假如動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，則要注意介詞搭配。

Johnisdifficulttodealwith.

（分析：_________(動(dòng))----________(賓)）如：這扶手椅坐起來很舒適。這題目極難算出來。dealwithJohnThearmchairiscomfortabletositinThequestionisdifficulttoworkout13/28慣用形容詞有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap，fit，dangerous3).在“too…todo;enough…to…”結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：這個(gè)問題太難了算不出來。Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout(tobeworkedout)．這房子夠大能住下。Thehouseisbigenoughtolivein.14/284).

Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，用不定式主動(dòng)和被

動(dòng)式來修飾主語，區(qū)分不大。

Thereisalotofworktodo/tobedone.

(多用主動(dòng)形式)

沒有什么可擔(dān)心。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.15/285).在“with+n+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中。比如：

沒有事情要做，他就躺在被窩里。Withnothingtodo,helayinbed．因?yàn)橛刑嗑毩?xí)要做，我不能幫你忙。Withsomanyexercisestodo,Ican’tdoafavorforyou.6).一些作表語用不定式主動(dòng)形式。常見這類動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)et(出租),rent，

hire,blame等。房子出租。Thehouseistolet．

我以為我應(yīng)該被責(zé)罵。IfeltIwastoblame.16/287)．有些動(dòng)詞既是及物動(dòng)詞又是不及物動(dòng)詞，當(dāng)它們和well，badly，easily等副詞連用時(shí)，表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)，這時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，常見有：write，read，clean，sell，wash，cook等。如：Theclothwasheseasily.Thenewproductsellswell.Thepenwritessmoothly.17/288)．感官系動(dòng)詞普通用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，如：feel，look，seem，taste，sound，remain等。

①—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes，itfeelsverysoft.誤：Itisfeltverysoft.②Thefoodtastesdelicious.誤：Thefoodistasteddelicious.③Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.誤：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.18/289).動(dòng)詞need,require,want,和beworth后加v-ing主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。Mywatchdoesn'twork;itneedsrepairing.Thebookisworthreadingasecondtime.19/28need/require/wantdoing=need/require/wanttobedone

Mywatchdoesn'twork;itneedsrepairing.=itneedstoberepaired.20/2821/281.Itwilltakeseveralweeksforyourcomputer

to____________(repair).2.Iknewhim___________________(catch)by

thepolice.3.Avoteisrequired______________(take)inourcompanyatonce.4.Thismakesitpossibleforthem________(make)metalsintoanyrequiredshapes.5.Dickspedonthemotorwayonly____________(fine).6.Whensomemoneywentmissingfromthebank,Thomaswasbelieved______________(steal)it.berepairedtohavebeencaughttobetakentomaketohavestolentobefined練習(xí)22/287.Ihope_______________(admit)toZhongshanUniversity.8.Thebookissaidto____________________(translate)intoseverallanguages.9.Ifeelgreatlyhonored_________________(welcome)intotheirsociety.10.Comeon!Itisaneasysentence______________(translate).11.WhenIcamein,hepretendedto_____________.(read)12.Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_____________(receive)intimeforChristmas.13.MrsSmithwarnedherdaughter______________(notdrive)afterdrinking.totranslatetobewelcomedhavebeentranslatedtobeadmittedbereadingtobereceivednottodrive23/2814.Hearingthegoodnews,hewastooexcited____________(speak).15.Ithappened______________(rain)whenIgotthere.16.Iamterriblysorry___________(lose)yourkey.17.Iamsorry__________(say)thatheisgoingfrombadtoworse.18.Heasked______________(send)totheplacewherehewasmostneeded.19.Whathehopedwas______________(admit)intotheuniversity20.Hegottothestationonly________(find)alltheticketshadbeensoldout.21.Iamsorry________________(keep)youwaitingsolong.tospeaktoberainingtohavelosttosaytobesenttobeadmittedtofindtohavekept24/2822.Ontheirreturnthefatheraskedhisson_________(explain)whathehadlearnt.23.Myadvisorencouragedme_________(take)asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.24.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen______________(hear),butI’mgoingtostudyintheU.S.AthisSeptember.25.Thefluisbelieved_____________(cause)byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.26.Heseems____________________（punish)

byhisteacheryesterday.27.__________(save)thebadlysicklady,thedoctorhadanoperationonher.28.Hewastoofrightened_____(say)anything.toexplaintotaketohaveheardtobecausedtohavebeenpunishedTosavetosay25/2829.Theschoolorderedalltheclassroom______