2024年全國碩士研究生招生考試《英語一》全真模擬卷一

2024年全國碩士研究生招生考試《英語一》全真模擬卷一材料題根據(jù)下面資料，回答1-20題Decadesofscientificresearchshowthatstressandanxiety（江南博哥）areprevalentproblemsatwork,contributingtodeficitsinemployeemorale,well-being,andproductivity.1anxietyiscausedbyarangeof2,includingissuesunrelatedtopeople'sjobs,onecommonand3causeissomethingspecifictotheworkplace:incompetentleadership.Managersandleadershavea4effectontheiremployees'stressandanxietylevels.5theysay,feel,anddohugelyinfluencestheirteam's6andemotionalwell-being.Andthemoreseniorleadersare,themorepeopletheyarelikelytoinfluence—positivelyand7.8sadly,fartoofewleadersareawarethattheyhavethispower.Andmanyareoverconfidentintheirleadershipskills,9agapbetweentheirperceivedandactuallevelsof10.Thisexplainswhyevenwell-meaningbossesmayinadvertently11highanxietylevelsintheiremployeesandhavea12capacitytocorrectandimprovetheirbehavior：13youthinkyouareleadingeffectively,whatisthepointofchanging?Itisforthis14thatleadersmustpayagreatdealof15tohowtheyactandcommunicate.Theimportanceofthisisexacerbatedduringtimesofincreaseduncertainty,16weoftenlooktoleaderstoguideusinthefaceoffear,toprovideuswith17anddirection,and,mostofall,togiveusreasonsto18hopefulandoptimistic.Ifyouareamanageroraleader,itisusefulto19somekeypsychologicallessonsabouthowyourbehavior—whatyousay,do,feel,andexpress—20yourteam,especiallywhenyouarenotawareofit.查看材料1.【完形填空】第（1）題選A.BecauseB.SinceC.WhileD.When正確答案：C參考解析：空格處需要填入一個連詞，體現(xiàn)前后兩個分句的邏輯關系。前面一句是anxietyiscausedbyarangeissuesunrelatedtopeople'sjobs，后一句是onecommoncauseissomethingspecifictotheworkplace，前面是與工作無關的，后面是職場特有的，是比對關系，前后是一個轉(zhuǎn)折，所以C“雖然、盡管”正確。查看材料2.【完形填空】第（2）題選A.factorsB.incentiveC.lureD.components正確答案：A參考解析：factor因素incentive動機lure誘惑component組成部分翻譯：焦慮是由多種_____引起的，包括與人們工作無關的問題.本空位于短語iscausedby后，初步可推斷此處所填名詞的意思與“原因”接近。此外，需要注意的是，本空位于arangeof后，arangeof后接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，A“因素”符合題意。查看材料3.【完形填空】第（3）題選A.pervasiveB.meaninglessC.subtleD.unnoticed正確答案：A參考解析：pervasive普遍的、彌漫的

meaningless

無意義的

subtle微妙的、敏感的

unnoticed

忽視的、未被注意的空格朱填寫一個形容詞，并且與common并列，所以以下選項中與common意思相近的即可。A符合題意。查看材料4.【完形填空】第（4）題選A.mutedB.shortC.slightD.direct正確答案：D參考解析：muted柔和的short短暫的slight輕微的direct直接的翻譯：經(jīng)理和領導者對員工的壓力和焦慮水平有_____影響.下一句提到theysay,feel,anddohugelyinfluencestheirteam'semotionalwell-being.他們的言行舉止會極大地影響團隊的健康。D符合題意。查看材料5.【完形填空】第（5）題選A.WhetherB.WhichC.whatD.That正確答案：C參考解析：該句空格處需要填入一個代詞?？崭窈髏heysay,feelanddo均為及物動詞，后接賓語，空格處的代詞能夠引導主語從句，并在句中作賓語成分，四個選項中只有選項[C]What“什么”符合句意，故為正確選項。查看材料6.【完形填空】第（6）題選A.collectiveB.personalC.physicalD.individual正確答案：C參考解析：collective

共有的、總體的

personal個人的、私人的

physical身體的、物質(zhì)的

individual單獨的、獨特的翻譯：他們的言行舉止會極大地影響團隊的____健康和心理健康.

空格處和后面的emotional是并列的，與emotionalwell-being應該是physicalwell-being。C正確。查看材料7.【完形填空】第（7）題選A.rapidlyB.slowlyC.excessivelyD.negatively正確答案：D參考解析：rapidly快速的、迅速的slowly緩慢的excessively過分的、極度的negatively消極的該句空格處需要填入一個副詞。此處填人的副詞與and之前的positively“積極地”構成并列關系。綜合四個選項，只有選項[D]negatively“消極地”與“積極地”構成反義并列關系，最符合句意，故為正確選項。查看材料8.【完形填空】第（8）題選A.ThenB.ButC.ThusD.Therefore正確答案：B參考解析：Then接著、然后but但是thus因此、所以therefore因此、所以第二段尾句的句意為“高級領導者越多，他們可能會影響到的人也越多這種影響包括積極影響和消極影響”，后面一句是很少有領導在意識到他們擁有這種能力，前后兩句話之問的邏輯關系為轉(zhuǎn)折關系，B正確。查看材料9.【完形填空】第（9）題選A.creatingB.meltingC.narrowingD.spreading正確答案：A參考解析：create創(chuàng)造、引起melt融化、溶解narrow變窄、壓縮spread擴散、鋪開翻譯：許多人對自己的領導能力過于自信_____這種差距，他們自身所認為的能力水平和和實際能力之間的差距。該句空格處需要填入一個動詞，creating“造成、引起”符合句意，故為正確選項。查看材料10.【完形填空】第（10）題選A.competenceB.stressC.feelingD.anxiety正確答案：A參考解析：competence能力、權限stess壓力feeling感覺anxiety焦慮翻譯：許多人對自己的領導能力過于自信，導致他們在自身所認為的_____水平和實際_____水平之間存在差距.前面提到許多人對自己的領導能力過于自信，所有后面的差距應該是自己所認為的自己的能力和實際的能力。所以competence“能力”符合句意，故為正確選項。查看材料11.【完形填空】第（11）題選A.accountforB.contributetoC.resultfromD.rootin正確答案：B參考解析：acountfor解釋、對...負責contributeto促成、有助于resultfrom由...引起、起因于rootin來源于...翻譯：這就解釋了為什么即使是好心的老板也可能會無意中______員工的焦慮程度變高…….contributeto“導致”符合句意，故為正確選項。查看材料12.【完形填空】第（12）題選A.formidableB.mightyC.irrationalD.limited正確答案：D參考解析：formidable可怕的、令人敬畏的mighty強大的、很irrational不合邏輯的、不理性的limite有限的、受限制的翻譯：這就解釋了為什么即使是好心的老板也可能會無意中導致員工的焦慮程度變高，并且糾正和改善其行為的能力也_____.最后那句就是對本句的形容，你既然認為自己是很搞笑的領導者，那么你還需要改變什么呢？說明，其糾正和改善自己家行為的能力是不足的，limited“有限的”符合句意。查看材料13.【完形填空】第（13）題選A.IfB.AlthoughC.WhenD.Unless正確答案：A參考解析：翻譯：_____你認為自己的領導有效，那么改變的意義何在？空格需填人一個從屬連詞引導狀語從句，冒號前的句子描述的是領導力不足及其影響，冒號后的復合句是對前一句的解釋說明，后面是說改變沒有意義，那么因果前提是他覺得自己領導有效，不需要改變。所以是因果關系，If“假如、如果”符合句意，故為正確答案。查看材料14.【完形填空】第（14）題選A.approachB.reasonC.wayD.method正確答案：B參考解析：approach方式、途徑reason原因way道路、方法method方法翻譯：正是由于這一___,所以領導者必須非常注意自己的行為和溝通方式.四段句首，承接第三段最后一句強調(diào)提升老板的領導能力的必要性，本句中的介詞for意為“由于；因為”，后面應接表示“原因”的名詞，四個選項中只有選項[B]reason“原因；理由”符合句意，故為正確選項。查看材料15.【完形填空】第（15）題選A.attractionB.priceC.attentionD.energy正確答案：C參考解析：payattentionto固定搭配“注意”帶入原句：領導者必須非常注意自己的行為和溝通方式.查看材料16.【完形填空】第（16）題選A.soB.asC.thenD.whereas正確答案：B參考解析：翻譯：在不確定性增加時，這一點的重要性也更加突出，_____在面對恐懼時，我們經(jīng)常尋求領導者來指導我們…….由此可見主從句之間的邏輯關系為因果關系，并且該句是解釋前面提到的“領導者必須非常注意自己的行為和溝通方式”這一重要性的原因。四個選項中只有選項[B]as“因為”符合句中的邏輯關系，故為正確選項。查看材料17.【完形填空】第（17）題選A.protectionB.pleasureC.moneyD.clarity正確答案：D參考解析：protection保護pleasure愉快money金錢clarity清晰、清晰地思路翻譯：因為在面對恐懼時，我們經(jīng)常尋求領導者來指導我們，向我們提供_____和指導，空格處需要填入一個名詞，須與direction構成并列語義關系，clarity“清晰；清晰的思路”符合本句的句意。D正確。查看材料18.【完形填空】第（18）題選A.feelB.appearC.remainD.prove正確答案：C參考解析：feel感受appear好像、出現(xiàn)remain保持prove證明、保證翻譯：因為在面對恐懼時，我們經(jīng)常尋求領導者來指導我們……最重要的是，讓我們有理由____希望和樂觀.空格處填入一個系動詞和并列形容詞構成系表結構，hopeandoptimistic是表示“人的積極心理狀態(tài)”的形容詞，所以需要“維持或保持”。C正確。查看材料19.【完形填空】第（19）題選A.confirmB.resumeC.assumeD.internalize正確答案：D參考解析：confirm確認、確定resume恢復、重新開始assume假設、承擔internalize使內(nèi)在化、吸收翻譯：該句空格處需要填入一個動詞，空格處動詞的作用是積極的，修飾名詞短語psychologicallessons(心理課程)，四個選項中只有internalize“使……內(nèi)化，吸收”跟lessons(課程)形成邏輯通順的動賓關系，故選項D符合本句的句意，故為正確答案。查看材料20.【完形填空】第（20）題選A.undermineB.impactC.forceD.impress正確答案：B參考解析：undermine逐漸削弱impact影響force強迫impress使...意識、給什么留下印象翻譯：如果你是一位經(jīng)理或領導者，內(nèi)化吸收一些關于你的言語、表達和感受等行為是如何______團隊的重要心理課程是很有用的，尤其是在你沒有意識到其重要性的情況下。知經(jīng)理或領導者的行為會對團隊起到作用，即對團隊有“影響”，B正確。材料題根據(jù)下面資料，回答21-25題Abutterfly'swingscanhavemanyjobsbesideskeepingtheinsectaloft.Theymaybecalledontoattractmates,towarnpotentialpredatorstostayaway,tomimicotheranimalsoreventoprovidecamouflage.Alloftheseroles,though,dependontheircolouration—hichisunchanging.Thisplaysintotheideathatbutterflywingsaredeadtissue,likeabird'sfeathersoramammal'shair.Infact,thatisnottrue.NanfangYu,aphysicistatColumbiaUniversity,inNewYork,hasbeenlookingintothematter.Oneofhisinterestsistheopticalpropertiesofbiologicalmaterials.Thathasledhimtostudybutterflywingsinmoredetail.And,incollaborationwithNaomiPierce,abutterflyspecialistatHarvardUniversity,hehasnowshown,inapaperpublishedthisweekinNatureCommunications,thatbutterflywingsare,indeed,verymuchalive.Initially,DrYuandDrPiercewantedtoknowhowtheinsectskeeptheirbodytemperaturesupwithouttheirwingsoverheating.Unlikebirdsandmammals,butterfliesdonotgenerateenoughinternalheattoruntheirmetabolismsatfullpelt.Instead,theyrelyonoutsideheatsources—usuallythesun—tobringtheirbodiesuptospeed.Buttheirwings,beingthinproteinmembranes,havealimitedthermalcapacity.Thosewingscanthereforeoverheatquicklyiftheinsectsbasktoolonginsunlight,or,conversely,cancooldowntoorapidlyiftheyareflyingthroughcoldair.Intheirexperiments,thetworesearchersusedalasertoheatupspotsonthewingsofdozensofbutterflyspecies.Whenthetemperatureoftheareaunderthelaserreached40℃orso,theinsectsrespondedwithinsecondsbydoingthingsthatstoppedtheirwingsheatingupfurther.Theseactionsincludedabutterflyturningaroundtominimiseitsprofiletothelaser,flappingitswingsorsimplywalkingaway.Butterfliesengagedinalloftheseheat-minimisingactivitiesevenwhentheresearchersblindfoldedthem.Thatsuggestedtherelevantsensorswereonthewingsthemselves.DrYuandDrPiercethereforesearchedthosewingsforlikelylookingsensorycells.Theyfoundsome,intheformofneuronsthatresembledheatdetectorsknownfromotherinsects.Theyspeculatethatthesearetheretodetectdeformationofthewing—informationaninsectcouldusetocontrolitsflightpattern.ThethirddiscoveryDrYuandDrPiercemadetocontradictthe"deadwing"hypothesiswasthatsomebutterflywingshaveaheartbeat.Anyonewhohaslookedcloselyatabutterflywillknowthatitswingshaveveins.Thesecarryabloodlikefluidcalledhaemolymph.Foralongtime,entomologiststhoughttheonlyroleoftheveinswas,bybeingpumpedfullofhaemolymph,toinflatethewingstofullstretchafterabutterflyemergedfromitschrysalis.DrYuandDrPiercehavenowfoundthatinmalehairstreaksthehaemolymphshowsapulseofseveraldozenbeatsperminute.查看材料21.【閱讀理解PartA】Theword"camouflage"(Para.1)isclosetinmeaningto_______A.disguiseB.ornamentC.implementD.toxicity正確答案：A參考解析：disguise偽裝ornament裝飾implement工具toxicity毒性Theymaybecalledontoattractmates,towarnpotentialpredatorstostayaway,tomimicotheranimalsoreventoprovidecamouflage.它們可能被用來吸引配偶，警告潛在的捕食者遠離它們，模仿其他動物，甚至____自己。該句是并列列舉，可根據(jù)詞匯前面并列的內(nèi)容進行推測，偽裝更為合適。A正確。查看材料22.【閱讀理解PartA】AccordingtoParagraph2,theauthor'sattitudetowardDrYu'sdiscoveryis_______A.criticizedB.passiveC.hesitateD.support正確答案：D參考解析：hehasnowshown,inapaperpublishedthisweekinNatureCommunications,thatbutterflywingsare,indeed,verymuchalive.本段沒有作者沒有明顯的話語對于他們研究的看法。通過她們論文在權威機構上的發(fā)布，凸顯了研究者的權威性，由此可看出，作者是支持的，贊同的，故選項support“支持的”為正確答案。查看材料23.【閱讀理解PartA】TheinitialpurposeofDrYuandDrPierce'sresearchonbutterflywingsis_______A.toprovebutterflywingsareversatilelivingorgansB.tolookintobutterflies'bodytemperaturecontrolC.toanalysistheprocessofbutterflies'metabolismsD.toignitebutterflywingstofindheatdetectors正確答案：B參考解析：Initially,DrYuandDrPiercewantedtoknowhowtheinsectskeeptheirbodytemperaturesupwithouttheirwingsoverheating.起初，余博士和皮爾斯博士想知道這些昆蟲是如何在不使翅膀過熱的情況下保持體溫的，B選項tolookintobutterflies’bodytemperaturecontrol“研究蝴蝶的體溫控制”，正確。查看材料24.【閱讀理解PartA】InParagraph5,researchersblindfoldthebutterfliestoA.obstructtheirpossiblereactionsB.eliminateinterferencefactorsC.measureopticalsensitivityD.probethelocationofsensors正確答案：B參考解析：Butterfliesengagedinalloftheseheat-minimisingactivitiesevenwhentheresearchersblindfoldedthem.研究人眼遮住蝴蝶眼睛是為了，排除視覺的影響，由此可知，選項eliminateinterferencefactors“消除干擾因素”為正確答案。查看材料25.【閱讀理解PartA】Whichofthefollowingistrueofbutterflywingsaccordingtothetext?A.Theyturnedouttobesimplelivingorgansratherthandeadissue.B.Theroleofveinsisonlytofullinflateandstretchbutterflywings.C.Theneutronsfoundinwingscarryhaemolymphtocreateaheartbeat.D.Theyaresensitivetoambienttemperatureduetosensorycells.正確答案：D參考解析：Theyfoundsome,intheformofneuronsthatresembledheatdetectorsknownfromotherinsects.Theyspeculatethatthesearetheretodetectdeformationofthewing—informationaninsectcouldusetocontrolitsflightpattern.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些神經(jīng)元，類似于其他昆蟲的熱探測器，由此可知，選項Theyaresensitivetoambienttemperatureduetosensorycells．(由于感覺細胞，蝴蝶對周圍溫度很敏感)是正確答案。背景材料材料題根據(jù)以下材料，回答26-30題Therivalriesamongthetechindustry'sgiantshaveoftenresembleda"GameofThrones",inwhichcompaniessuchasFacebook,Google,andAppleconstantlytrytoinvadeoneanother'sonlinekingdoms.OnFebruary19thFacebooktookadramaticsteptodefenditsturf,sayingitwouldpay$19billionforWhatsApp,amessagingservicethathadalsoattractedtheattentionofGoogleandalmostcertainlyothersuitors.Thedealmarksthecoming-of-ageofmessagingapps,whichletpeoplesendtextmessagesandsharephotosandotherstuffwithoutincurringchargesfromtelecomsfirms.Theseappshavebenefitedfromtwoprofoundtrendsthataretransformingthetechnologylandscape.Thefirstoftheseistherapidgrowthofweb-connectedsmartphones,whichhasallowedWhatsAppanditsrivalstospreadlikewildfire.AnnouncingthedealMarkZuckerberg,Facebook'sboss,saidWhatsApphadreached450musersmuchfasterthananyotherwebservice.Ithasalsomadeitselfaddictive：72%ofitsusersareactiveoniteveryday.Andtheviralnatureofitsappealmeansithasachievedallthiswithoutspendingapennyonmarketing.ThesecondtrendbehindWhatsApp'ssuccessisthedramaticdeclineinthecostofbuildingstart-ups.Thankstothingssuchascloudcomputing,whichletsyoungfirmsbuyvastamountsofcheapcomputingcapacity,entrepreneurscancreateglobe-spanningbusinessesonshoestringbudgets.WhatsApphasjust32softwareengineers,whichmeansthateaehonesupportssome14musers.AndthevolumeofmessagesitishandlingissaidtobetheequivalentofalltheSMSmessagestransmittedbytheworld'stelecomscompanies.Indeed,WhatsApp'ssuccessinmanywaysmirrorsthatofFacebookitself,whichcamefromnowheretodominatesocialnetworking.Recently,however,Facebookhasbeenlosingsomeofitscool,especiallyamongyoungerusers.ThatmayexplainwhythefamouslyparanoidMr.Zuckerbergiswillingtopayaking'sransomforacompanythatmightultimatelyeclipsehisowncreation.ButdoesthewhoppingpricetagforWhatsAppmakesense?Assumingitkeepsaddingusersatitscurrentrateof1maday—andtheyenduppayingforitsservice—itcouldgeneratehundredsofmillionsofdollarsofrevenue.MuchwilldependonhowwellMr.ZuckerberggetsonwithJanKoum,thebossofWhatsApp,whoisjoiningFacebook'sboardandwillruntheappasanindependentbusiness.Mr.Koum,whohasawell-knownaversiontocollectingpeople'sdataandplasteringadvertisingoverhisApp,seemsanoddbedfellowforFacebook.Butthedealwasclearlyonethathecouldn'trefuse.查看材料26.【閱讀理解PartA】InParagraph1,thephrase"defenditsturf"probablyrefersto______A.reinforceitsbusinessB.protectitsterritoryC.establishitsrealmD.preserveitsreputation正確答案：A參考解析：Therivalriesamongthetechindustry'sgiantshaveoftenresembleda"GameofThrones",inwhichcompaniessuchasFacebook,Google,andAppleconstantlytrytoinvadeoneanother'sonlinekingdoms.技術產(chǎn)業(yè)巨擘之間的競爭就好比一場“權利的游戲”，臉書、谷歌和蘋果等企業(yè)不斷地想進軍競爭對手的網(wǎng)絡領域。所以出乎意料的收購Whatsapp就不僅僅是保護自己的領土，而是鞏固增強自己也業(yè)務。查看材料27.【閱讀理解PartA】AccordingtoParagraphs2&3,WhatsApp_______A.isbundledwithweb-connectedsmartphones.B.mightbeatypicaleaseofviralmarketing.C.needsmoreengineerstoprocessbigdata.D.cutsitsoperatingcostsduetocloudcomputing.正確答案：D參考解析：Thankstothingssuchascloudcomputing,whichletsyoungfirmsbuyvastamountsofcheapcomputingcapacity,entrepreneurscancreateglobe-spanningbusinessesonshoestringbudgets.

Whatsapp成功的背后體現(xiàn)出的第二個趨勢是創(chuàng)建互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司的成本急劇下降。多虧了像云計算這樣的事務，創(chuàng)業(yè)者創(chuàng)建全球性業(yè)務的花費大幅度下降。查看材料28.【閱讀理解PartA】ThebiggestreasonforFacebook'spurchaseofWhatsAppisthat______A.Facebookislosingitsappealforyoungerusers.B.WhatsApphasamyriadofroyalusers.C.WhatsApphelpsenhanceFacebook'spublicimage.D.Facebook'sdominanceinsocialnetworkingisfading.正確答案：A參考解析：Facebookhasbeenlosingsomeofitscool,especiallyamongyoungerusers.前一句說了Whatsapp的成功有點類似于臉書，然而最近臉書正喪失其魅力，尤其是不招年輕用戶喜歡。這也許能夠解釋為什么扎克伯格先生要花費巨資買下這個公司查看材料29.【閱讀理解PartA】JanKoum,accordingtothetext,isprobably_____A.thatrarebirdworkingagainsttechgiants.B.anopponentoftrackingusers'information.C.astrangepartnerforhisunusualworkstyle.D.anadvocateofappswithreal-timeads.正確答案：B參考解析：Mr.Koum,whohasawell-knownaversiontocollectingpeople'sdataandplasteringadvertisingoverhisApp.他反感收集用戶數(shù)據(jù)或者在軟件上綁定廣告是出了名的。所以B正確。查看材料30.【閱讀理解PartA】Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthedeal?A.Supportive.B.Skeptical.C.Impartial.D.Biased.正確答案：A參考解析：ButdoesthewhoppingpricetagforWhatsAppmakesense?Assumingitkeepsaddingusersatitscurrentrateof1maday—andtheyenduppayingforitsservice—itcouldgeneratehundredsofmillionsofdollarsofrevenue.假設它的用戶以現(xiàn)在每天一百萬的速度增加，并且這些新用戶最終為其服務付費，那么它可以獲得上億美元的收入?？梢?，作者對這筆交易是持肯定的態(tài)度的。A正確。材料題根據(jù)以下材料，回答31-35題Threehundredyearsagonewstravelledbywordofmouthorletter,andcirculatedintavernsandcoffeehousesintheformofpamphlets,newslettersandbroadsides."Thecoffeehousesparticularlyareverycommodiousforafreeconversation,andforreadingataneasierrateallmannerofprintednews",notedoneobserver.Now,thenewsindustryisreturningtosomethingclosertothecoffeehouse.TheInternetismakingnewsmoreparticipatory,social,diverseandpartisan,revivingthediscursiveethosoftheerabeforemassmedia.Thatwillhaveprofoundeffectsonsocietyandpolitics.Inprinciple,everyliberalshouldcelebratethis.Amoreparticipatoryandsocialnewsenvironment,witharemarkablediversityandrangeofnewssources,isagoodthing.Sowhat,manywillsay,ifjournalistshavelessstablecareers?Allthesame,twoareasofconcernstandout.Thefirstworryisthelossof"accountabilityjournalism",whichholdsthepowerfultoaccount.Shrinkingrevenueshavereducedtheamountandqualityofinvestigativeandlocalpoliticalreportingintheprintpress.Butold-stylejournalismwasneverquiteasmorallyupstandingasjournalistsliketothink.Indeed,theNewsoftheWorld,aBritishnewspaperwhichhasbeencaughthackingintopeople'smobilephones,isaverytraditionalsortofscandalsheet.Meantime,theInternetisspawningnewformsofaccountability.Agrowingbandofnon-profitoutfitssuchasProPublica,theSunlightFoundationandWikiLeaksarehelpingtofillthegapleftbythedeclineofwatchdogmedia.Thisisstillaworkinprogress,butthedegreeofactivityandexperimentationprovidescauseforoptimism.Thesecondconcernhastodowithpartisanship.Inthemass-mediaeralocalmonopoliesoftenhadtoberelativelyimpartialtomaximisetheirappealtoreadersandadvertisers.Inamorecompetitiveworldthemoneyseemstobeincreatinganechochamberforpeople'sprejudices:thusFoxNews,aconservativeAmericancable-newschannel,makesmoreprofitsthanitslessstridentrivals,CNNandMSNBC,combined.Whatistobedone?Atasocietallevel,notmuch.Thetransformationofthenewsbusinessisunstoppable,andattemptstoreverseitaredoomedtofailure.Buttherearestepsindividualscantaketomitigatetheseworries.Asproducersofnewjournalism,theycanbescrupulouswithfactsandtransparentwiththeirsources.Asconsumers,theycanbecatholicintheirtastesanddemandingintheirstandards.Andalthoughthistransformationdoesraiseconcerns,thisismuchtocelebrateinthenoisy,diverse,vociferous,argumentativeandstridentlyaliveenvironmentofthenewsbusinessintheageoftheInternet.Thecoffeehouseisback.Enjoyit.查看材料31.【閱讀理解PartA】ItissuggestedinParagraph1thattheInternetallowsnewsA.todegeneratebacktocenturiesago.B.tofitinpeople'sdailyroutine.C.toturntoatwo-wayconversation.D.toreshapesocietyandpolitics.正確答案：C參考解析：前段描述了300年前，新聞傳遞的方式。now，thenewsindustryisreturningtosomethingclosertothecoffeehouse。然后說互聯(lián)網(wǎng)提高了新聞的參與性、社交性，使新聞業(yè)正回到接近于咖啡屋的狀態(tài)。指的是人們在網(wǎng)上對新聞進行評論、反饋，將新聞的傳播變成了一種意見的交換和對話。C正確。查看材料32.【閱讀理解PartA】ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphs2and3that"accountabilityjournalism"isA.integraltothenewsindustry.B.exclusivetocareerjournalists.C.tuneddownbytherisingcost.D.celebratedbyliberalprinciple.正確答案：A參考解析：Thefirstworryisthelossof"accountabilityjournalism"，第二段末尾提出，如果記者這個職業(yè)不再那么穩(wěn)定，會有兩個方面的擔憂。“新聞問責制”的缺失是人們的兩大擔憂之一?？梢姟靶侣剢栘熤啤笔切侣剺I(yè)不可或缺的核心原則。A正確。查看材料33.【閱讀理解PartA】TheexampleoftheNewsoftheWorldshowsthatA.printedpressisunderconstantsurveillanceB.traditionaljournalismisn'tmorallyimpeccable.C.newsagenciespossessadvancedtechnology.D.journalistsarelosingfaithintheircareer.正確答案：B參考解析：old-stylejournalismwasneverquiteasmorallyupstandingasjournalistsliketothink，然后后門舉了一個《世界新聞報》入侵人們手機的例子。說明傳統(tǒng)新聞業(yè)在道德上不是無可挑剔的。B正確。查看材料34.【閱讀理解PartA】TheauthortruststheInternet'saccountabilityinthatA.technologyhaseliminatedthepossibilityoffraud.B.foundationsarepouringmoneyintothefield.C.non-profitorganizationshavemorecredibility.D.partiesinvolvedaredoingpromisingwork.正確答案：D參考解析：thedegreeofactivityandexperimentationprovidescauseforoptimism.一批非營利機構有助于填補因監(jiān)督媒體的衰落而留下的空白，他們已經(jīng)做過的工作讓人對他們有信心，因此[D]正確。查看材料35.【閱讀理解PartA】WelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatnewsindustryintheInterneteraA.breedsmoremonopoliesthanbefore.B.catersforpeople'sprejudices.C.makesmoreprofitthanmass-mediaera.D.hasbeenchangedbytheeffortsofindividuals.正確答案：B參考解析：Inamorecompetitiveworldthemoneyseemstobeincreatinganechochamberforpeople'sprejudices:thusFoxNews,aconservativeAmericancable-newschannel,makesmoreprofitsthanitslessstridentrivals,CNNandMSNBC,combined.在大眾傳媒時代，本地壟斷媒體常常不得不相對中立以最大限度的吸引讀者和廣告商。可見互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時代的新聞業(yè)迎合了人們的偏見。B正確。背景材料材料題根據(jù)以下材料，回答36-40題Skyrocketingtuitionfeeshavemadetheheadlines,leavingmanywonderingwhethercollegeismovingoutofreachofthemiddleclass.Butwhilecostshaveindeedrisen,suchstoriestendtoexaggeratethemagnitudeoftheincreasebycitingthepublishedor"sticker"costofcollege,ratherthantheactualcost.Since1990thestickerpricesofpublicandprivatecollegeshaveincreased104%and67%respectively.Butoncescholarshipsandgrantsareaddedin,thosenumbersdropto72%and24%.Whythediscrepancy?Partofthereasonisanincreasedpracticeofpricediscrimination,economicjargonfortheactofchargingsomecustomersmorethanothersforthesameproductbasedontheirwillingnesstopay.Collegesareexceptionallygoodpricediscriminatorsbecausetheyhaveperfectknowledgeoftheirapplicants'finances.Studentsseekingfinancialaidmustfilloutaformdisclosingboththeirfamily'sincomeandfinances.Thatinformation,alongwithanapplicant'sacademicrecordsallowuniversitiestogaugeastudent'soutsideoptionandformadecentestimateofhowmuchtheyarewillingtocoughup.Settingahighstickerpriceconvenientlyforcesmoreapplicantstorevealtheirfinances.Richstudentscarelessabouttheprice,andcollegesmaybehappytotaketheirmoneyprovidedthatstudentspassaminimumstandardofacademicachievement.Foreveryoneelse,theeconomicsgetcomplicated.Justasthereisalimitednumberofspotsattopuniversities,therearealimitednumberofbrilliantapplicants.Inordertokeepupacademicstandards,collegeshavetobewillingto"bid"onapplicantswithscholarships.Thegametheorybehindtheuniversityadmissionsisfascinatingtoobservers,butmaddeningforstudentstryingtodecideonacollege.TwoyearsagoPresidentObamaproposedthatthefederalgovernmentcreateitsowncollegerankingsystemtoprovidesomeclaritytoapplicants.Producinganysortoffairandcomprehensiverankingssystemwasalwaysgoingtobedifficultandtheeducationestablishmentwaspredictablycritical.OnSeptember12,theObamaadministrationrevealedthatithadscaleditsambitionrightbackbylaunchinga"collegescorecard",whichinsteadofassigningagradetocolleges,merelyallowedprospectivestudentstocomparecollegesbythreefactors:graduationrate,averageannualcostofattendanceandmedianearningsofalumni.Allprivatecollegeshaveroughlythesamestickerprice,butnetpricesvarysignificantly.Forthericheststudents,moreselectiveschoolstendtocostmore,whileforlowandmiddle-incomestudents,justtheoppositeistrue.Onaverage,lessselectiveuniversitiestendtohaveverylittleintheformofinvestmentincome.Instead,inordertoattractbrightstudentsfromlower-families,theymustrelyonrichstudentstosubsidizethepoor.Thisisadmirable,butitalsohastheeffectofdrivinguptuition.ArecentpaperfromtheUniversityofChicagoshowsthatwhilepricediscriminationdoeshelppoorerstudents,70%ofthebenefitswenttotheuniversitiesthemselves.Worseyet,higherstickerpricesdiscouragepoorerstudentsfromapplyingtoprestigiousuniversities.Mr.Obama'scollegescorecarddoesn'tbegintoanswertheriddleofcollegefinances.查看材料36.【閱讀理解PartA】Whydocollegesusuallysetahighstickerprice?A.Toappealtoapplicantswithbetteracademicrecords.B.Foraneasierevaluationofstudents'readinesstopay.C.Toselectapplicantsinneedofeconomicassistance.D.Forformingamoreeffectivescholarshipdistributingsystem.正確答案：B參考解析：高校設定較高的標價會促使更多的申請者透露自己的財務狀況，高校會根據(jù)學生申請表上的家庭財務信息和成績單去推測該學生有無其他入學選擇，并合理預估其支付學費的意愿，以實現(xiàn)區(qū)別定價，由此可知，高校設定較高的標價是為了評估申請者的支付意愿，因此[B]正確。查看材料37.【閱讀理解PartA】ThepurposeofcollegeofferingscholarshipsistoA.guaranteetheexcellenceofenrollees.B.helpstudentsmakeinformeddecisions.C.maintainarequiredacademicstandard.D.relieveapplicantsofthefinancialburden.正確答案：C參考解析：therearealimitednumberofbrilliantapplicants.Inordertokeepupacademicstandards,collegeshavetobewillingto"bid"onapplicantswithscholarships.

C正確。查看材料38.【閱讀理解PartA】TheadministrationabandoneditscollegeratingsystemduetoA.thelaunchofscorecardinitiative.B.thecriticismsufferedfromeducationinstitutions.C.theincompatibilitywitheducationalaims.D.theinfeasibilityofapropersystem.正確答案：D參考解析：Producinganysortoffairandcomprehensiverankingssystemwasalwaysgoingtobedifficult

andtheeducationestablishmentwaspredictablycritical.OnSeptember12,theObamaadministrationrevealedthatithadscaleditsambitionrightbackbylaunchinga"collegescorecard"奧巴馬總統(tǒng)“建立官方的大學排名體系”的提議幾乎行不通，接下來指出政府放棄大學排名體系，推出“大學記分卡”項目，實施此舉是因為建立公平的綜合排名體系不可行。D正確。查看材料39.【閱讀理解PartA】Inthefifthparagraph,"justtheoppositeistrue"meansthatA.themoreselectivethecollegesare,themorestudentspay.B.poorstudentsspendlessincollegesoflowadmissionsrate.C.thenetpricesarerelativelylowinmoreselectivecolleges.D.low-incomestudentstendtospendlessinlessselectivecolleges.正確答案：B參考解析：moreselectiveschoolstendtocostmore,whileforlowandmiddle-incomestudents,justtheoppositeistrue.富裕的學生在錄取率低的學校就讀花費較多，而對于中低收入家庭的學生而言，情況恰恰相反.B正確。查看材料40.【閱讀理解PartA】WemayinferfromthelastparagraphthatA.theauthorapprovescross-subsidizationamongstudents.B.thecurrentcollegescore