職稱英語(yǔ)-職稱英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類a級(jí)模擬38

職稱英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類A級(jí)模擬38

第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)

1、AboutonemillionAmericansarediagnosedannuallywithskincancer.

A.everyyearB.severely

C.activelyD.everymonth

2、Henrycannotresistthelureofdrugs

A.abuse

B.flavor

C.temptation

D.consumption

3、Itwasamazingthattheboywasabletosolvetheproblemsoquickly.

A.frustratingB.unexpected

C.reasonableD.surprising

4、Thelocalgovernmentdecidedtomergethetwofirmsintoabigone.

A.motivateB.combineC.compactD.nominate

5、Sheexhibitedgreatpowersofenduranceduringtheclimb.

A.playB.sendC.showD.

tell

6、Michaelisnowmerelyagoodfriend.

A.largelyB.possibly

C.justD.rarely

7、Ittookusalongtimetomendthehouse.

A.buildB.destroy

C.designD.repair

8、Heissureofahouse-buildingboomafterthenewinvestmentpoliciesare

putintopractice.

A.decreaseB.increase

C.influenceD.preparation

9、Thousandsofpeopleperishedinthestorm.

A.diedB.suffered

C.floatedD.scattered

10>Itwillbefullofhazardsonthewaytosuccess.

A.hopesB.dangersC.helpsD.

dreams

11>Whenshewasinvitedtotheparty,shereadilyaccepted.

A.willinglyB.suddenlyC.firmlyD.

quickly

12>Wehadalongconversationaboutherparents.

A.speechB.questionC.talkD.

debate

13>Haveyoutalkedtoherlately?

A.lastlyB.finally

C.shortlyD.recently

14、ThroughoutmostoftheirliveszhumanbeingsDerpetuallylearnandincrease

theirmentalcapacities.

A.actuallyB.readilyC.finallyD.

constantly

15>Theyhadafarbetteryieldthananyotherfarmmilesawayaroundthis

year.

A.goodsB.soil

C.climateD.harvest

第2部分：閱讀判斷

IrishDolphinsmayHaveaUniqueDialect

Irishscientistsmonitoringdolphinslivinginariverestuaryinthe

southwestofthecountrybelievetheymayhavedevelopedauniquedialect

tocommunicatewitheachother.

TheShannonDolphinandWildlifeFoundation(SDWF.hasbeenstudyinga

groupofupto120bottle-nosedolphinsintheRiverShannonusingvocalizations

collectedonacomputerinacowshedneartheRiverShannon.

Aspartofaresearchproject,studentRonanHickeydigitizedandanalyzed

atotalof1,882whistlesfromtheIrishdolphinsandthosefromtheWelsh

dolphinsonacomputerandseparatedthemintosixfundamentalwhistletypes

and32differentcategories.Ofthecategories,hefoundmostwereusedby

bothsetsofdolphinsbuteightwereonlyheardfromtheIrishdolphins.

"Wearebuildingupacatalogueofthedifferentwhistletypestheyuse

andtryingtoassociatethemwithbehaviorlikeforaging,resting,socializing

andthecommunicationsofgroupswithcalves,nprojectleaderSimonBerrow

said."Essentiallywearebuildingupwhatislikeadictionaryofwordsthey

useorsoundstheymake."

Berrow,amarinebiologistzsaidthedolphins*clicksareusedtofind

theirwayaroundandlocateprey.Thewhistlesarecommunications."Theydo

H

awholerangeofothersoundslikebarks,groansandakindofgunshotzhe

said.11Thegunshotisanintensepulseofsound.Spermwhalesuseittostun

theirprey."

"WhenIfirsthearditIwassurprisedasIthoughtspermwhaleswerethe

onlyspecieswhousedit.Wecanspeculatethedolphinsareusingitforthe

samereasonasthespermwhales,nBerrowsaid.

ReferencesinlocallegendindicatetherehavebeendolphinsintheShannon

estuaryforgenerationsandtheymayevenhavebeenresidentthereasfar

backastheSthcentury.

TheyareregularlyseenbypassengersontheShannonferryandanestimated

25,000touristseveryyeartakespecialsightseeingtoursonlocalboatsto

visitthem.

16、Thedifferenceineatinghabitsbetweenthebottle-nosedolphinsandthe

spermwhalesinterestedtheSDWFscientists.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>RonanHickeyanalyzedalmost2000differentdialectsofthebottle-nose

dolphins.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18、Ofthe32categories,eightwereproducedonlybytheIrishdolphins.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19、Whistlescouldalsobeusedtocommunicatebetweenadultdolphinsand

babydolphinsz

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、Spermwhalescanproducestrongerultrasonicwavestokilltheirprey

thandolphins.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21、Asearlyasthe6thcentury,Irishfishermenstartedraisingdolphins

intheShannonestuary.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、Irishdolphinsattracttouristsandover25,000peoplecometoseethem

everyyear.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

A.beforethecancercellsspreadelsewhere

B.themorechancesofdyingofX-rayradiationhewillhave

C.whatismostresponsibleforlungcancer

D.assomepeopleimagine

E.themorechancesofgettinglungcancerhewillhave

F.whichformoflungcancerisacommonone

23、RoutineX-raychestexaminationisnotsodangerous.

24、Aprimarylungcancerpatientmaybecuredbyremovingthelung

completely.

25>Peoplearestillnotsure.

26、Themorecigarettesonesmokesz.

SuccessfulLanguageLearners

1Somepeopleseemtohaveaknackforlearninglanguages.Theycanpick

upnewvocabulary,masterrulesorgrammar,andlearntowriteinthenew

languagemorequicklythanothers.Theydonotseemtobeanymoreintelligent

thanothers,sowhatmakeslanguagelearningsomucheasierforthem?Perhaps

ifwetakeacloselookatthesesuccessfullanguagelearners,wemaydiscover

afewofthetechniqueswhichmakelanguagelearningeasierforthem.

2Firstofallzsuccessfullanguagelearnersareindependentlearners.

Theydonotdependonthebookortheteacher；theydiscovertheirownway

tolearnthelanguage.Insteadofwaitingfortheteachertoexplain,they

trytofindthepatternsandtherulesforthemselves.Theyaregoodguessers

wholookforcluesandformtheirownconclusions.Whentheyguesswrong,

theyguessagain.Theytrytolearnfrommistakes.

3Successfullanguagelearningisactivelearning.Therefore,successful

learnersdonotwaitforachancetousethelanguage；theylookforsuch

achance.Theyfindpeoplewhospeakthelanguageandtheyaskthesepeople

tocorrectthemwhentheymakeamistake.Theywilltryanythingtocommunicate.

Theyarenotafraidtorepeatwhattheyhearortosaystrangethings；they

arewillingtomakemistakesandtryagain.Whencommunicationisdifficult,

theycanacceptinformationthatisinexactorincomplete.Itismoreimportant

forthemtolearntothinkinthelanguagethantoknowthemeaningofevery

word.

4Finally,successfullanguagelearnersarelearnerswithapurpose.They

wanttolearnthelanguagebecausetheyareinterestedinthelanguageand

thepeoplewhospeakit.Itisnecessaryforthemtolearnthelanguagein

ordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthem.Theyfindit

easytopracticeusingthelanguageregularlybecausetheywanttolearnwith

it.

5Whatkindoflanguagelearnerareyou?Ifyouareasuccessfullanguage

learner,youhaveprobablybeenlearningindependently,actively,and

purposefully.Ontheotherhand,ifyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthan

successfulzyoumightaswelltrysomeofthetechniquesoutlinedabove.

A.WaystoLearnaLanguageSuccessfully

B.LearningalanguagePurposefully

C.LearningaLanguageActively

D.LearningaLanguageIndependently

E.LearningfromMistakes

F.LearningtoThinkintheTargetLanguage

27、Paragraph1_______

28、Paragraph2_______

29、Paragraph3_______

30、Paragraph4_______

第4部分：閱讀理解

第一篇

ExerciseLowersEmployers1HealthCosts

Companiescansavemillionsinhealth-carecostssimplybyencouraging

theiremployeestoexercisealittlebit,researchersreportedonFriday.

Theysaidobese（月巴胖的）employeeshadhigherhealth-carecosts,butlowered

thoseexpensesbyexercisingjustacoupleoftimesaweek—withouteven

losinganyweight.

FeifeiWangandcolleaguesattheUniversityofMichiganstudied23,500

workersatGeneralMotors.

Theyestimatedthatgettingthemostsedentary（慣于久坐的）obeseworkers

toexercisewouldhavesavedabout$790z000ayear,orabout1.51percent

ofhealth-carecostsforthewholegroup.

Company-widezthepotentialsavingscouldreach$7.1millionperyear,

theyreportedintheJournalofOccupationalandEnvironmentalMedicine.

Ofthewholegroupofworkerszabout30percentwereofnormalweight,

45percentwereoverweight（超重的），and25percentwereobese.Annual

health-carecostsaveraged$2z200fornormalweight,$2,400fortheoverweight,

and$2,700forobeseemployees.

Butamongworkerswhodidnoexercise,health-carecostswentupbyat

least$100ayear,andwere$3,000ayearforobeseemployeeswhoweresedentary.

Butaddingtwoormoredaysoflightexercise—atleast20minutesof

exerciseorworkhardenoughtoincreaseheartrateandbreathing—lowered

costsbyonaverage$500peremployeeayear,theresearchersfound.

"Thisindicatesthatphysicalactivitybehaviorcouldreduceatleastsome

oftheharmfuleffectsofexcessbodyfatzandinconsequence,helplower

thehealth-carecosts,nWangandcolleagueswrote.

31>Howcanemployeeshelplowerthehealth-carecosts?

A.Bytakingmorerest.

B.Byeatingless.

C.Byexercisingalittlebit.

D.Bysavingmoremoney.

32>ByencouragingitsemployeestoexerciseGeneralMotorscouldsave

A.$790,000peryear.

B.$7.1millionperyear.

C.$3,000peryear.

D.$7,300peryear.

33、HowmanyworkersinGeneralMotorswereNOTofnormalweight?

A.Seventypercent.

B.Thirtypercent.

C.Forty-fivepercent.

D.Twenty-fivepercent.

34、Forwhichgroupoftheworkerswerethehealth-carecoststhehighest?

A.Theemployeesofnormalweight.

B?Theoverweightemp1oyees.

C.Theobeseemployees.

D.Thesedentaryobeseemployees.

35、Howoftenshouldtheemployeesexercisetohelplowerthehealth-carecosts?

A.Atleastsevendaysaweek.

B.Atleasttwentyminutesaweek.

C.Atleasttwiceaweek.

D.Atleastonceaweek.

弟一^扁

LackofSleepIncreasestheRiskofCatchingaCold

Ascoldseasonapproaches,manyAmericansstockupontheirvitaminCand

Echinacea（紫錐花精油）.Butfallowingtheage-oldadviceaboutcatchingup

onsleepmightbemoreimportant.

Studieshavedemonstratedthatpoorsleepandsusceptibility（易受影響）

tocoldsgohandinhand,andscientiststhinkitcouldbeareflectionof

therolesleepplaysinmaintainingthebody1sdefenses.

InarecentstudyfortheArchivesofInternalMedicine,scientistsfollowed

153menandwomenfortwoweeks,keepingmackoftheirqualityandduration

ofsleep.Then,duringafive-dayperiod,theyquarantined（進(jìn)彳亍檢疫隔離）

thesubjectsandexposedthemtocoldviruses.Thosewhosleptanaverage

offewerthansevenhoursanightzitturnedout,werethreetimesaslikely

togetsickasthosewhoaveragedatleasteighthours.

Sleepandimmunity,itseems,aretightlylinked.Studieshavefoundthat

mammalsthatrequirethemostsleepalsoproducegreaterlevelsofdisease

-fightingwhitebloodcells--butnotredbloodcells,eventhoughbothare

producedinbonemarrow（骨髓）andstemfromthesameprecursor（前體物）.And

researchersattheMaxPlanckInstituteforEvolutionaryAnthropologyhave

shownthatspeciesthatsleepmorehavegreaterresistanceagainstpathogens

（病原體）.

"Speciesthathaveevolvedlongersleepdurationsz"thePlanckscientists

wrote,nappeartobeabletoincreaseinvestmentintheirimmunesystemsand

bebetterprotected.n

36、WhatdomanyAmericansdointheefforttoavoidcoldinwinter?

A.TheytakevitaminCanduseEchinacea.

B.Theysleepmoreasthescientistssuggest.

C.Theytrytostayindoorsasmuchaspossible

D.Theysleeplesstomaketimeforexercise.

37、WhatdidthescientistsdointhestudyfortheArchivesofInternalMedicine?

A.Theycheckedthesubjects'healthproblemsandgaveadvice.

B.Theymaderecordofthesubjects*qualityandlengthofsleep.

C.Theyexposedthesubjectstodifferentkindsofviruses.

D.Theygavemedicinetothesubjectswhohadcaughtcold.

38、Howlongdidtheexperimentlastaccordingtopassage?

A.Twoweeks.B.Aboutthreeweeks.

C.Formanyyears.D.ForFivedays.

39、Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Scientistshaveprovedthelinkbetweensleepandimmunity.

B.Mammalsthatrequirethemostsleepproducemorebloodcells.

C.Speciesthatsleepmorehavegreaterresistanceagainstpathogens.

D.Redbloodcellshelpthebodytofightagainstdiseases.

40、Whereiswhitebloodcellsproduced?

A.Inthebloodvessels.B.Intheheart.

C.Inbonemarrow.D.Intheprecursor.

Thewonderswhichmedicalworkershavealreadybroughtaboutinthe

diagnosis（診斷）andtreatmentofdiseasesuggestthatatimemaycomewhen

thephysicianwillbeabletoanalyzemostillnessesassoonastheystart,

andcurethembeforedamageresults.Howsoonthis"goldenageofhealing11

arriveswilldependgreatlyonhowcloseisthecollaborationbetweenresearch

workersinmedicineandthosewhoworkinthesciencesonwhichmedicinedepends.

Thephysicianhaslongreliedonthechemistforcurativedrugs,andonthe

physicistfordiagnosticinstrumentsandhealingrays.Intheonefieldnew

materialsandintheothernewdevicesarebeingproducedinincreasingnumbers,

helpingtomakeimminentnewmiraclesofmedicine.

TheX-rayandthemicroscopehaveextendedthevisionofthemedicalobserver

untilhecanseethroughteninchesoflivingfleshorintoasingletissue

cell,yetsimilarbutmuchmorepowerfultoolsstillawaitdevelopment.Modern

electricaldevicesenablehimtolistentofaintmurmuringsofthelifeprocesses,

ortomeasurefeeblecurrentsarisingfromheartandbrainandnerve；yet

electricalbodymeasurementsarebutlittleunderstood.Nownewlydiscovered

atomicraysarebeingbroughttohelphimdestroymalignantinvadersofthe

humansystem,andthereiseveryreasontobelievethatevenmorecurative

raysawaitdiscovery.

41、Itcanbeinferredfromtheopeningsentenceofthefirstparagraphthat

medicalworkers_______.

A.havecontributedlittletothediagnosisandtreatmentofdisease.

B.Havesettheirexpectationstoohigh

C.Havemaderemarkableprogressinthediagnosisandtreatmentofdisease

D.Havedevelopedtheirpotentialtothefull

42、Inordertocopewithmostillnesses,theauthorthinksthatpeoplewill

havetodoallofthefollowingexcept_______.

A.findmorecurativerays

B.producemorecurativedrugs

C.developmorepowerfuldiagnosticinstruments

D.seethroughfiveinchesoflivingfleshasleast

43、Theword"malignant"inLine6,Para.2couldbestbereplacedby.

A.harmlessB.deadly

C.effectiveD.repulsive

44、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.Thephysicianhasbeenabletomakewondersaloneintheworldofmedicine.

B.Thecooperationbetweenresearchworkersinmedicineandintherelated

scienceswillbringabouta"goldenageofhealing**.

C.TheX-rayandthemicroscopehavebeenoflittlehelpinuncovering

truth.

D.Medicalworkersfullyunderstandelectricalbodymeasurements.

45、Theprimarypurposeofthispassageis.

A.topersuadepeopletousetheX-rayandthemicroscope

B.tokeeppeopleawareoftheprincipaltoolsofthephysician

C.toadvisepeopletohavearoutinephysicalcheckup

D.todescribethedevelopmentofmedicine.

第5部分：補(bǔ)全對(duì)話

3.WithGeneticGift,2MonkeysAreViewingaMoreColorfulWorld

DaltonandSamaremalesquirrelmonkeyszaboutafoottall.46Dalton

andSamleadamoreprotectedlifeinthelaboratoryofJayandMaureenNeitz

attheUniversityofWashington,Seattle.Recently,theNeitzesendowedthem

withanewgeneticgift：theabilitytoseetheworldwithfullcolorvision.

Malesquirrelmonkeyshaveonlytwoofthecolorpigments（色素）known

asopsins（視蛋白），unlikepeoplewhohavethree.TheNeitzes,withKatherine

Mancusoandothercolleagues,usedthetechniqueofgenetherapytointroduce

thegeneforthemissingredpigmentintotheconecellsofthemonkeys1retinas

（視網(wǎng)膜）.47

Itwassomewhatsurprisingthatthemonkeys*brainscouldtakeadvantage

ofathirdopsin.Theretina,however,seemstoworkbyrecordingthedifference

betweenthesignalsfromneighboringconeszthecellsthatdetectcolor.48

NewWorldmalemonkeyslikeDaltonandSamarechromaticallychallenged

becausetheirancestorssplitofffromOldWorldprimatesbeforefullcolor

visionevolved.Atthetimeofthesplitzprimateshadonlytwovisualpigmentsz

onethatisparticularlysensitivetobluelightandanotherthatresponds

besttoeithergreenorred,dependingonwhichvariantofthegeneis

inherited.49Thegenefortheredorgreenopsinwasduplicated,allowing

individualstoseeredandgreeninsteadofjustoneortheother.

NewWorldmonkeysneverdevelopedtheduplicatedgene,butmanyfemales

havefullcolorvisionnevertheless.Thereasonisthatthered/greenopsin

geneliesontheXchromosome,sofemaleswhoinheritadifferentversion

fromeachparenthavebothredandgreenopsinsalongwiththeblueopsin

onanotherchromosome（染色體）.50

A.Butmales,withonlyoneXchromosome,inheritjustonevariantofthe

red/greenopsin-thegreeninthecaseofDaltonandSam.

B.Severalmonthsafterthetherapy,DaltonandSamwereabletoseea

worldinwhichredhues（顏色）werevisibleandorangesnolongerlookedlike

lemonsztheresearcherssayinthecurrentissueofNature.

C.Theirancestorslivedbyeatingfruitandinsectsintheforestcanopy

（樹蔭）ofCentralandSouthAmerica.

D.Afterthesplit,whichbeganwiththeopeningoftheAtlanticbetween

AfricaandSouthAmericasome150millionyearsago,theOldWorldprimates

benefitedfromageneticaccident.

E.SotheextraopsingenegiventoDaltonandSamwouldhavechangedthe

signalfromaffectedconesandhencethemessageforwardedfromtheretina

tothevisualcortexinthebrain.

F.Themonkeyexperimentwouldhelpresearchersunderstandthecircuitry-

usedbytheprimatebraintoanalyzecolor.

第6部分：完形填空

StudyConfirms