閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題-2024年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)語篇理解技能梳理+模擬試題精練

01閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題

，題趨剃嘲

從近幾年高考英語閱讀理解題型來看，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題FI增多，其難度也稍有加大。其表現(xiàn)有：題目設(shè)置

順序與全文行文不盡一致；題目信息與原文信息表達(dá)方式不完全相同；答案獲取需跨段落搜集等。

從考查側(cè)重點(diǎn)分析看，考題重點(diǎn)由原來的考查語言知識點(diǎn)，如介詞搭配、冠詞選擇及固定句型運(yùn)用等

轉(zhuǎn)向考查學(xué)生的語言實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力和語篇運(yùn)用能力，如概括短文大意、根據(jù)短文信息進(jìn)行推測、猜測詞義

等。

從閱讀理解部分所選材料看，題材多樣，情景各異。但多數(shù)與考生的實(shí)際生活有或多或少的聯(lián)系。考

生結(jié)合其生活實(shí)際及常識，根據(jù)短文所提供的信息，仔細(xì)斟酌一番，還是不難做出答案的。

必備應(yīng)對策略及突破方法使用趨勢分析：考生運(yùn)用平時(shí)積累的語言知識，如詞匯、語法等，通讀短文，

作到理解大意;在通讀時(shí)，注意搜索短文中的5個(gè)“W”和1個(gè)“H”，5個(gè)“W”指的是what,when,where,

who,why;l個(gè)"H”指的是how,并留意其所在位置，要求考生能快速地辨認(rèn)、記憶事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)；在熟悉材

料的情況下，帶著問題去找答案。這往往要求考生以略讀或通篇跳讀為主，尋找與答案相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)；在做概

括、推理題時(shí)，需要考生通過思維，將理解的內(nèi)容加以系統(tǒng)化、條理化，方可作答。

題型特征總覽

細(xì)節(jié)理解題考查考生對閱讀材料中的某一具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的理解，特點(diǎn)是題干針對原文提到

考點(diǎn)考向

的某事物、現(xiàn)象或理論進(jìn)行發(fā)問。

1.特殊疑問句形式。以when,where,what,which,who,howmuch/many等疑問詞

命開頭引出的問題；

題以是非題的形式ctme/fake,net或EXCEPT,近年來這種題型較少；

方3.以Accordingto...開頭提問方式；

式4.以填空題的形式；

考查方式5.就文中年代數(shù)字、排序、識圖等提問

1.正確選項(xiàng)的特征

選

同義替換：對原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行同義替換；詞性或者語態(tài)發(fā)生變化

項(xiàng)

語言簡化：把原文中的發(fā)雜語言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡化，設(shè)置為答案

特

正話反說：把原文中的意思反過來表達(dá)

征

2.干擾選項(xiàng)的特征

張冠李戴：是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容

無中生有：符合常識，但不是文章的內(nèi)容

曲解文意：與原文的內(nèi)容極其相似，只是在某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)處有些變動

顛倒是非：在意思上與原文大相徑庭

正誤參半：部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤

抓住文本中的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)是做好該題型的關(guān)鍵。一般采用尋讀法。解題分三步

第一步：讀題干，抓住關(guān)鍵詞；

曉解題捷徑

第二步：帶著問題快速閱讀短文，找出與問題有關(guān)的詞語或句子；

第三步：仔細(xì)對比選項(xiàng)和原文信息，繼而找出答案。

題型突破攻略

解此類題要求考生快速抓住原文中的關(guān)鍵信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案與原文中的語句并

非一模一樣，而是用不同的詞語或句型結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)相同的意思。有的細(xì)節(jié)理解題就需要通過有關(guān)詞語和句子

的轉(zhuǎn)換。利用主要事實(shí)、圖表、圖形來獲取信息，然后利用因果、類比、時(shí)間、空間等關(guān)系將零碎的細(xì)節(jié)

經(jīng)過一系列加工、整理，方能做出正確的判斷.此類試題在高考中占大多數(shù).值得一提的是，有時(shí)原文中

的信息可能只是一個(gè)短語，甚至一個(gè)單詞，因此需要我們在閱讀中特別仔細(xì)才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。

一、點(diǎn)式細(xì)節(jié)理解題

式細(xì)節(jié)理解題答案可以在原文中找到，考生一般可以通過讀原文中的某句話或某個(gè)詞語便能得出答案,

此類題屬于低層次題。解答點(diǎn)式細(xì)節(jié)理解題，采取“先題后文，題干定位法”，即從問題中抓關(guān)鍵詞（題眼）,

運(yùn)用略讀及尋讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與題干相吻合的關(guān)鍵詞或與關(guān)鍵信息相關(guān)的段落，仔細(xì)推敲，最

后確定答案。

1.直接信息題：一般能在文中直接找到明確的信息，往往只考查文章中的個(gè)別事實(shí)，通常只涉及原文

一兩句話的信息。

匚訴L」尋找定位題干或選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞、

Lr找呵J—醒目詞或具體實(shí)詞___________

I—在原文中定位原詞或非原詞（派

I生詞、同義詞），找出相關(guān)旬子

3

I三比對I■—I比對原文和選項(xiàng)一一定答案"I

【典型例題】（2020?全國卷I閱讀A）

AllcustomerstravellingonTransLinkservicesmustbeinpossessionofavalidticketbeforeboarding.Forticket

information,pleaseaskatyourlocalstationorcall131230.

WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduled,therecanbenoguaranteeof

connectionsbetweentrainsorbetweentrainservicesandbusservices.

21.Whatwouldyoudotogetticketinformation?

A.Call131617.

B.V.au.

C.Askatthelocalstation.

D.Checkthetrainschedule.

【分析】

?第一步找關(guān)鍵詞：ticketinfomiation

.第二步定位到原文：在原文中定位原詞ticketinformation,確定關(guān)鍵句為第一?段的第二句"Forticket

information,pleaseaskatyourlocalstationorcall131230.”。

?第三步比對選項(xiàng)：想要獲得票務(wù)信息可以咨詢當(dāng)?shù)剀囌尽?/p>

2.間接信息題：一般無法在文中直接找到明確的信息，要求在理解的基礎(chǔ)上，對原文信息進(jìn)行加工或整

理后得出結(jié)論。

N同義/近義/反義詞一現(xiàn)

利用4種正確冼同源詞■現(xiàn)I

項(xiàng)特征—定答案I-T詞性或語態(tài)有所變化|

T簡化原文復(fù)雜—達(dá)|

【典型例題】（2020.全國卷III閱讀D）

Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,

spearfishingorharvestingshellfishWeweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocal

islanders.^Dr.Jubiladosaid."Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea?'

34.WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?

A.Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.

B.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.

C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.

D.Theylivedonbothlandandwater.

【分析】

?第一步找關(guān)鍵詞：astonished

?第二步定位到原文：利用同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)確定答案，由關(guān)鍵詞astonished定位文中的“Weweresoamazedthat

theycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders”為信息句，astonished與amazed為同義詞。

?第三步比對選項(xiàng)：年輕的Jubilado對巴瑤族人驚訝不已的地方在于他們可以在水下待很長時(shí)間。

3.數(shù)字計(jì)算題：要求考生在原文中找到相關(guān)的數(shù)字信息，再對相關(guān)的數(shù)字和信息進(jìn)行分析和理解，利用

加、減、乘、除等運(yùn)算方法進(jìn)行計(jì)算，確定答案。

直接

根據(jù)原文數(shù)據(jù)信,以直接確定答案

考查1

II計(jì)算根據(jù)原文數(shù)據(jù)和題r數(shù)據(jù)關(guān)系，準(zhǔn)確進(jìn)行

M/考杳口加減乘除計(jì)算

減

乘特殊數(shù)字:

除

decade"十年";fennight"兩周"；overnight

法

“一夜”;double“兩倍”；couple“兩個(gè)”；

一

dozen"卜二”;score"二卜"

特殊詞匯:

forfrec/frccofcharge"免費(fèi)":off"減價(jià)";

discount"折扣”

【典型例題】(2018?全國卷HI閱讀A)

VisitorInformation

HowtoGettoHolker

ByCar：FollowbrownsignsonA590fromJ36,M6.Approximatetraveltimes：Windermere-20minutes,

Kendal—25minutes,Lancaster_45minutes,Manchester—1hour30minutes.

ByRail：TheneareststationisCark—in—CartmelwithtrainstoCamforth,LancasterandPrestonforconnections

tomajorcities&airports.

OpeningTimes

Sunday—Friday(closedonSaturday)11：00am—4：00pm,30thMarch_2ndNovember.

AdmissionCharges

Hall&GardensGardens

Adults：￡12.00￡8.00

Groups:￡9.00￡5.50

22.HowmuchshouldamemberofatourgrouppaytovisitHall&Gardens?

A.￡12.00.B.￡9.00.

C.￡8.00.D.￡5.50.

【分析】

?第一步找關(guān)鍵詞：Hall&Gardens

?第二步定位到原文：利用原文數(shù)據(jù)和題干數(shù)據(jù)關(guān)系確定答案，有AdmissionCharges及Groups：

￡9.00￡5.50的內(nèi)容可直接得出答案。

?第三步比對選項(xiàng)：團(tuán)隊(duì)參觀霍克莊園和花園每人是9英鎊。

二、網(wǎng)式細(xì)節(jié)理解題

網(wǎng)式細(xì)節(jié)理解題要根據(jù)原文中的多處信息才能得出答案。因此在解答該類題目時(shí)一定要不厭其煩，題

目涉及的多處細(xì)節(jié)要一一找出，并對選項(xiàng)和原文進(jìn)行一一比對，做到萬無一失。

|一分析|_麗逐個(gè)分析,標(biāo)出重要估息詞一

O-------------------------------------------

[—771根據(jù)市要信息詞對選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確排序.

正L詢定目標(biāo)選項(xiàng)

0

三對照門將II標(biāo)選項(xiàng)與文章估息進(jìn)行逐一對照

【典型例題】（2015?浙江卷閱讀A）

Thechildrensatstunnedandsilent.Wasthisateachertalking?Onegirl,whohadjustcometousfromaschool

whereshehadhadaveryhardtime,lookedatmesteadilyforalongtimeafterIhadfinished.Then,stilllookingat

me,shesaidslowlyandseriously,uMr.Holt,doyoureallymeanthat?"1saidjustasseriously,UImeaneveryword

ofit.”

Duringthespringshereallyastonishedme.Oneday>shewasreadingatherdesk.Fromaglimpseoftheillustrations

IthoughtIknewwhatthebookwas.Isaidtomyself,“Itcan'tbe,"andwenttotakeacloserlook.Sureenough,she

wasreadingMobyDick,intheeditionwithwoodcuts.Isaid,"Don'tyoufindpartsofitratherheavygoing?”She

answered,“Oh,suretbutIjustskipoverthosepartsandgoontothenextgoodpart.^^

44.WhichofthefallowingstatementsaboutthegirlisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Sheskippedoverthoseeasypartswhilereading.

B.Shehadahardtimefinishingtherequiredreadingtasks.

C.Shelearnedtoappreciatesomepartsofthedifficultbooks.

D.Sheturnedouttobeatopstudentaftercomingtothisschool.

【分析】

?第一步分析選項(xiàng)：標(biāo)出選項(xiàng)重要信息詞。

.第二步確定目標(biāo)選項(xiàng)：根據(jù)選項(xiàng)重要信息詞定位到文中第二段中的“Isaid,'Don'tyoufindpartsofit...the

nextgoodpart.’”確定目標(biāo)選項(xiàng)A和C。B和D項(xiàng)未提及。

?第三步逐一對照：雖然女孩讀的書有些部分有難度，但是女孩在閱讀時(shí)，會跳過那些晦澀難懂的部分，

選擇容易理解的部分來閱讀。故A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，選C項(xiàng)。

對于一般的多細(xì)節(jié)理解題，雖然不像正誤判斷題一樣逐個(gè)選項(xiàng)與原文排查，但這類題目的答案也是綜

合原文多個(gè)信息得出的，因此也要不厭其煩，認(rèn)真分析，方能得出正確答案。

I分析題而據(jù)問題所涉及的方?面.我相應(yīng)旬、相應(yīng)段?

匚對散落在文章不同的信息源，不厭其煩,一

I——莊旦L|一比對________________________

，理清描述線索和各個(gè)層次的細(xì)節(jié)信息,綜合

綜合概括［—分析所提供的信息源.確定答案.既不能斷

章取義,也不能張冠李戴

（典型例題】（2020?全國卷II閱讀B）

Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelp

childrenwithmath—relatedskills.

PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago?

foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfound

tobeasignificantpredictorofcognition（認(rèn)知）aftercontrollingfbrdifferencesinparents*income,educationand

theamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child—parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfound

childrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54

monthsofage.

24.Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?

A.Buildingconfidence.

B.Developingspatialskills.

C.Learningself-control.

D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.

【分析】

?第一步分析題干：根據(jù)題干定位到childrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay。

.第二步---比對信息源：由第二段中的"PsychologistSusanLevine...spatialskills.”及第三段內(nèi)容的信息源，

不厭其煩，一一比對。

名校資源學(xué)練

1

：2023秋?遼寧沈陽?高三校聯(lián)考期末）Theworldhasseenmanyinventions.Whilemostpeopleareproudof

thoseassociatewiththeirnames,therearcthingsmakinginventorsfeeltheotherway.

Thepop-up（彈出）advert,byEthanZuckerman

Pop-upadsareconvenientforthosewhoareinterested,butmostpeoplegetannoyedwhentheyareon

computers.Theymaycontaincomputerviruses.Justaswewouldblametheinventor,themanhumblyacceptedhis

inventionisn'toneofthebest.Inhisessay,Zuckermanwroteaboutthemosthatefulthing,t4Iwrotethecodeto

launchthewindowandrunanadin

Theemoticon,byScottE.Fahlman

Emoticonsbegantooccupyscreenscrazilyin2011andgainedgreatpopularity,especiallywithyoungmen.It

hadbeenfouryearssinceFahlmanfirstuseda“smileyfhce“inacomputermessage.Hecreatedtheemoticonasa

jokemarker.Butthingsarcdifferent.uIthasgonetoplacesIdon'tapprovehecomplainedtoTheWallStreet

Journalin2013.“Itshouldn'thavebeencreated.”

Theofficecubicle（隔間）,byBobPropst

In1968,BobPropstcameupwiththeideaofficecubicles,somethingthat"wouldbuildafuturisticandtidy

officestylewithnorealwallsordoorsandprovideamorecomfortableenvironment”.Butthemanhascometo

halewhathehasinvented,asPropstrecalledtoFortuneatage80,“They'vechangedandjustbecomecubicles”.

TheK-Cup,byJohnSylvan

ItseemseveryonehasaKeurigcoffeemakerforK-Cups.JohnSylvaninventedtheK-Cup,aimedat

facilitatingofficelifeofwhite-collarworkers.Nowit'scommoninhousesandcompanies.However,the

single-serveplasticcoffeecupsaren'teco-friendly.UIfeelbadsometimesthatIeverdidit"，Sylvanadmits.But!

GoodnewsforMr.Sylvan:KeuringnowoffersvarietiesofrecyclableK-Cups.

1.Whenwastheemoticoninvented?

A.In2007.B.In2009.C.In2011.D.In2013.

2.Whichonewascreatedforofficeworkers'convenience?

A.Thepop-upadvert.B.Theemoticon.C.Theofficecubicle.D.TheK-Cup.

3.Whatdotheaboveinventionshaveincommon?

A.Theybenefithumanlifegreatly.

B.Theircreatorsarcblamedbythepublic.

C.Theirinventorsfeelregretful.

D.Theyareverypopularwithyoungpeople.

2

12023春?廣東深圳?高三深圳市福田區(qū)福田中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí)）Ashockingnewsreporthasrevealedthat

morethanoneinfivespeciesofmapletreesfacesextinction,warningthat75%ofthethreatenedspeciesare

^geographicallyrestricted^^intheirnativeregions.

Thetreesareexperiencingavastdeclineinhabitat,duetourbandevelopment,woodharvestingand

agriculturalexpansion.Timeisrunningoutfbrtheworld'sbiodiversity.Everyrecentsurveyofplantsandanimals

inthewildpointstothis.Thisishappeningnearlyeverywhererarermaplesexist.Andbecauseofclimatechange,

thenarrowhabitatsthatsupportspeciesattheedgesofdryplacesandatthetopsofmountainsarequickly

disappearing.

Thetreescanbefoundinsubtropicalandtropicalregions,asfarsouthasIndonesia.Theonlyspeciesfoundin

theUK,thefieldmapleisnotunderthreat.Notonlyarethetreesapopularattractivefeatureinparksandpublic

spaces,buttheyareakeypartofthenaturalecosysteminwoodlands,aswellasbeinganimportantwoodcropin

severalcountries.AlthoughthesugarmapleinNorthAmerica,whichproducesmaplejuice,isnotendangered,two

oftheclosestrelativestothespeciesareendangered.

Thereportnotesthatconservingat-riskspeciesintheirnaturalhabitatisthebestconservationtactic.But

collectionsinbotanicalgardensandseedbanks-called"exsitucollections"canactasinsurancepoliciesagainst

extinction.Therearecurrently14speciesofmaple,includingfourthatarecriticaEyendangered,whichareabsent

fromthesetypesofcollections.

OnespeciesinMexico,theAcerbinzayedii,isin“desperateneedofconservation'r，despiteonlybeing

discoveredin2017.“Itisatriskfromclimatechangeinitscloudforesthabitatandthreatenedbyloggingandforest

fireswhileitisalsoabsentfrom"exsitucollections*/'thereportadds.Thereportrecommendsdeveloping

conservationplans,monitoringspeciescurrentlynotatrisktoensurepopulationsaremaintained,andaddingthose

missingmaplespeciestoseedbanks.

4.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?

A.Actiontoprotectmapletrees.B.Thedangeroussituationofmapletrees.

C.Variousmapletrees'habitatsintheworld.D.Theconditionsfbrdiversityinmapletrees.

5.Whatdothefieldmapleandthesugarmaplehaveincommon?

A.Theycannotproducejuice.B.TheyarefoundinAmerica.

C.Theyarenotatriskofextinction.D.Theyhavetwoendangeredrelatives,

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tactic”inparagraph4probablymean?

A.Topic.B.Approach.C.Result.D.Conclusion.

7.What'sthemainpurposeofthereport?

A.Toofferaproposal.B.Tbrecommendaproduct.

C.lbintroducemaplespecies.D.lbwarnpeopleofdisasters.

3

C2023秋?遼寧大連?高三莊河高中?？茧A段練習(xí))WhenBritishmusicianPaulBartonperformsincentral

Thailandlately,thelistenersreactwildly.Somepullhishairorjumponhispiano.Othersstealhismusic.The

behaviorisnormal,however,becausethesecrowdsaretrulywild—wildmonkeystobeexact.

BartonplaysoftentotheanimalsinLopburi,anareaknownforitspopulationsofwildmonkeys.Thepianist

hopesthemusicshowsbringcalmtotheanimalsduringthecoronavirus(COVID-19)crisis.

Thediseasehascausedproblemsforthemonkeys,too.Theyarehungry.Therestrictionsontourismmean

fewerpeoplecometoseethemonkeysandfeedthem.

ThemonkeysquicklysurroundBartonwhenheplaysGreensleeves,Beethoven'sFurEliseandMichael

Nyman'sDiaryofLove.Someofthecreaturessitonhischair,whileothersclimbuphisbodyandtouchhishead.

But,Bartonkeepshisattentiononhisperformance,evenasasmallmonkeyrunsoverhishandsontheinstrument.

Othermonkeystakecontrolofhismusicpapers.t4Iwasgladandsurprisedtofindthattheywereactuallyeatingthe

musicasIwasplayingit.”

ThemonkeysareBarton'slatestanimalfans.Pastwildlifeaudienceincludedelephantslivinginspecial

protectedareas.Bartonhopestoraisepeople'sawarenessofthemonkeys'hunger.Atthesametime,hehopesto

studytheirbehaviorastheyreacttoclassicalmusic.

“Cometogetheranddon*tletthepandemicstopthewildmonkeysgettinggoodnutritiousfood.Weneedto

makeanefforttomakesurethattheyeatproperly.Andwhentheyeatproperlytheywillbecalmer,“said59

-year-oldBarton.

8.Whydoesthemusicianplaytothewildmonkeys?

A.lbseethewildanimalsjustbeingthemselves.

B.Tbstudytheirbehaviorastheyreacttopopmusic.

C.lbraisemoneyforthewildmonkeys'hunger.

D.TohelpcalmthemduringCOVID-19crisis.

9.Whatkindofmusicdoesthemusicianplay?

A.Contemporarymusic.B.Classicalmusic.

C.Countrymusic.D.Popularmusic.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“eatingthemusic"inParagraph4referto?

A.Stealinghismusicpapers.B.Eatinghismusicpapers.

C.Disturbinghisperformance.D.Enjoyinghisplaying

11.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?

A.Wildmonkeysliketoplaywiththemusician.

B.Peoplewillstarttoprotectthewildmonkeys.

C.TheCOVID-19hasdamagedmuchtotheworld.

D.Musiccanmakethewildanimalsmoreactive.

4

：2023?浙江?模擬預(yù)測）AsCOVID-19hitandtheworldwentintovaryinglevelsoflockdown（封鎖）,it

becamedifficultfbrresearcherstoknowwhatwashappeningintheocean.Butnow,youcanjointheeOceans

platformtohelpresearchersgatherdataonoceansandoceanecosystemsinreal-time.

DownloadingtheeOceansapponyoursmartphoneandloggingwhatyouseewhenyouareonthecoastorin

theocean,includinganyanimals,people,pollutionorevenanemptybeach,youcanhelpresearchersmonitorthe

world'soceans.Theappletsyounoteyourobservationsaswellasuploadphotos.Thisinformationisthenlinkedto

yourgeographicallocationandismadeaccessibletoscientistsstudyingthatregion.UsingeOceansdata,

researcherscanremotelymonitorhowoceansandcoastalcommunitiesworldwidearehappening,includinginthe

contextofthepandemic（疫情）.

Inreality,observationsrecordedthrougheOceansarealreadyprovidingvaluableinsights.DuringAustralia's

lockdown,fbrexample,thelargestgroupofturtlesinthecountry'shistorywasspottedbyresearchersusing

eOceansdata.AndinHawaii,datafromtheappsuggeststhatclearerwatersareassociatedwithareductionin

touristsduringthepandemic.

Negativeimpactsofthepandemicontheoceanhavealsobeenpickedupthroughtheapp,includingan

increaseinpollutionfrompersonalprotectiveequipment,aswellaspandemic-relatedinterruptionstomarine（海洋

的）recoveryfollowinga2019oilleakinBrazilianwaters.Infuture,datafromeOceanscouldhelpenableearly

detectionofhazards（危害），suchasoilleaks,sothattheycanbedealtwithsooner,saysChristineWard-Paige,

founderandchiefscientistatcOceans.

“Tillnow,morethan1,000peoplehavealreadyjoinedthecOccansplatform/'saysWard-Paige."Butmore

dataonwildlifespottedalongcoastlines,aswellasinformationonhowpeopleareusingthesespaces,arestill

needed.^^

12.HowcanpeoplehelpresearchersmonitortheoceanthroughtheeOceansplatform?

A.Bydownloadingandobservingsomedataofhazards.

B.Byspottingandmarkingthepreviousmarinerecovery.

C.Bycollectinganduploadingtimelyoceanicinformation.

D.Bydetectingandreportingyourpresentgeographicallocation.

13.WhichdiscoveryhasbeenmadebasedontheeOceansdata?

A.AnoilleakoccurringinAustralianwaters.

B.ThelargestturtlefoundinAustralia,shistory.

C.AfactorcontributingtoclearerwatersinHawaii.

D.Aboomoftourismappearingduringthepandemic.

14.WhatisWard-Paige'sattitudetowardsthefutureofeOceansplatform?

A.Indifferent.B.Optimistic.

C.Doubtful.D.Anxious.

15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Keepinganeyeontheocean.B.Caringabouttheoceanpollution.

C.Showinglovetocoastalcreatures.D.Monitoringthequalityofseawater.

5

：2023?四川成都?成都外國語學(xué)校校考模擬預(yù)測）MaeveHigginsoncesetherselfatask.TheIrish-bom

comedianwantedtoseewhatlifewouldbelikeifshestoppedlaughingatthingsthatweren'tfiinny.Turnsoutit

wasn'taseasyasshethought.uItwassohard,''shesays.uLaughterisalubricant（潤滑油）andisexpected,and

it'sreallyhardnottodoit.”

Higginssuggeststhere*ssomethingparticularlyspecialaboutbeingpartofthesharedexperiencethatislive

comedy—thatcuriousmagicthatoccurswhenpeoplecometogetherspecificallytolaugh.

Comedyismorethanjustapleasantwaytopassanevening,humourmorethansomethingtoamuse.They're

interwovenintooureverydayexistence.Whetheryou'resharinganamusingstoryatapartyortellingadarkjokeat

afuneral,humouriseverywhere.Butwhatisitfor'?Andcanhumour,ascomedy,changehowwefeel,whatwe

thinkorevenwhatwedo?

Asanessentialpartofhumaninteraction,humourhasbeenonthemindsofthinkersforcenturies.Oneofthe

mostenduringtheoriesofhumourwasputforwardbythephilosopherThomasHobbes.Itassertsthathumour

appearstomakefunoftheweakandexertsuoeriorily.Whilethisisclearlythefunctionofsomecomedy,it'sfar

fromacompleteexplanationfortheoverallpurposeofhumour.

Forsomecomedians,it'snotjustaboutgettinglaughs—it'saboutchangingwhatwethinkandmaybeeven

whatwedo.Ifthere?sonecomicwhoisreallytypicalofthis,it'sJosieLong.Asocialjusticeactivistanda

comedian,Longhasareputationfordelightful,optimistichumourandstorytelling.

Ashercareerhasevolved,shehasconsciouslyputsocialandpoliticaltopicsattheheartofheract.She

believesthatcomedianshavearoletoplayinchallengingsomeofthemostpressingissuesoftheday.

BritishcomicStephenKAmossellsoutvenuesseatingthousands,yearin,yearout.Amosfirmlybelievesthat

whencomicsconsciouslydealwithpressingorcontroversial（有爭議的）socialissueslikeracism,theycanreach

peopleonamuchmoremeaningfullevelthanthatachievedbybrieflyliftingsomeone'smood.Andwhileitmaybe

difficulttoquantify,hesays,Chesocialandpsychologicalimpactofcomedydeservesmuchgreaterrecognition.

Theresearchbacksthisup.Althoughtheroleofcomedyistobeentertainingfirstandforemost,Sharon

Lockyer,asociologistwhostudieshumour,hasidentifiedanumberofpossibleotherfunctions.Theseinclude

challengingstereotypes（亥（J板印象）.

Amos'sworkfrequentlysettlestheissuesofracebychallengingstereotypes.'，don'tdothingsforshock

valueJhesays."Idostuffthatmatterstome.Intheolddaysitwasjustaboutdoingjokes.We'vemovedon一

peoplearetalkingaboutthingsthatmatter.''

16.Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphsmainlytalkabout?

A.Thebenefitsoflaughing.

B.Whatacomedian'sdailyworkisabout.

C.WhyMaeveHigginschosetobeacomedian.

D.MaeveHiggins'understandingoftheappealofcomedy.

17.WhatdocstheunderlinedphraseinParagraph4mostprobablymean?

A.Protecttheweakfromtheevil.

B.Encouragepeopletobestronger.

C.Bedeterminedtoimproveoneself.

D.Showyouarebetterthanotherpeople.

18.Accordingtothearticle,howdoescomedyhaveaneffectonsocialissues?

A.Bygraduallyinfluencingpeople'sattitudes.

B.Byurgingpoliticianstotryandsolvetheissues.

C.Byquicklyyetthoroughlychangingpeople'sthinking.

D.Bycallingonthewholesocietytopayattentionto（heissues.

19.Accordingtothearticle,comedyincludesthefollowingrolesexcept.

A.gettingpeopletolaugh

B.promotingsocialprogress

C.influencingpeople'sideas

D.makingpeoplemoreproductive

6

：2023秋?山西太原?高三太原五中校考期末）Researchhasshownthatdisruptingone'snaturalt4morning

lark”（早起鳥）or“nightowl”（夜貓子）tendencycanresultinimmoralbehavioratwork.

Whodoesn'tloveaflexibleworkschedule?Beingabletomakeyourownhcurs,comeinwhenyou'reready

andleavewhenyou'redone,stepouttoattendachild'spresentationatschool,haveamiddayappointment,oreven

squeezeinaquickworkoutornapasaguaranteedpick-mc-up——flexibilitygreatlyimprovesone'squalityoflife.

Thebenefitsdon'tstopthere,however.Researchhasshownthathavingflexibleworkhoursactuallymakes

oneabetterperson.Howso?It'sbeenfoundthatdisruptedsleeppatterns—intheformofhavingtoactoutsideof

yournormalinclinationtobeamorning"lark"oranight"owl"—canresultinstrange,unethical,andout-of-line

behavior.

SciencejournalistLindaGeddessaid,”【fyoudon'tgetenoughsleep,researchsuggestsyouaremorelikelyto

haveunethicalbehavior,suchasbeingmean,bullyingyourfellowemployeesorfalsifyingreceipts.Butit'snotjust

owls:thelarkstendtobehavemoreunethicallyintheevening,andowlsinthemorning.Soideally,youwantto

introduceflexibleworking."

Employerswouldbewisetoallowtheiremployeestostartwhenevertheyfeelready—whetherit*satthe

crackofdawnorat11a.m.,andtoallowbreaksorpausesinthedayasneeded一becausethatwouldmeanbetter

productivity,performance,andbehavior.

Thisshiftisalreadyhappening,withtheNewYorkTimesrecentlyreportingthat27percentofUSemployers

nowoffertheflexibilitytoworkoutsidenormalbusinesshours,upfrom22percentin2014;and68percentallow

telecommutingasneeded(upfrom54percentin2014).Withthenationalunemploymentrateatitslowestin50

years,employersarehavingtobecomemorecompetitiveinwhattheyofferworkers,andflex-hoursseemlikea

no-brainer,highlybeneficialtoall.

20.WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph2?

A.Waystoimprovelifequality.

B.People'sactivitiesintheirfreetime.

C.Methodstogetaflex