專題三　第3講　介詞

語法專題專題三第3講介詞CLICKTOADDTITLE

英語大一輪復習匯報人姓名1.表示方位的介詞Wewalkedacross①thebeach，through②thewoodsandfinallycameto③thehousewhichwasunder④thebigtreemarkedin⑤themap.Aftersteppinginto⑥thehouse，wefoundasmallblacktable，over⑦whichwasalamp.Thenwelookedaround⑧，onlytofindnothing.Myfriendfoundsomethingspecial—anemptybox.Beneath⑨itwasanotesaying，“Standbeside⑩thewindowandlookoutof?it.”From?thewindowwesawanotherhousebeyond?asmallhill.規(guī)則感悟①across指從較為平坦的表面穿過。②through指從立體的事物中間穿過。③to指“到某處，去某處”。④under在……下面，無接觸面。⑤in在……里面。⑥into到……里面。⑦over在……正上方(無接觸面)；on在……上面(有接觸面)。⑧around在/向……周圍。⑨beneath在……下面(有接觸面)。⑩beside在……旁邊。?outof向/在……外面。?from從……。?beyond在/向……較遠的一邊，超出。2.表示時間的介詞Ithappenedon①aSaturdaymorningin②November,2021.Myparentslefthomeat③6：00amtomeetmyuncleattheairportandtoldmetheywouldcomebackin②twohours.However，itwasn’tlongbefore④someoneknockedatthedoor，andIlookedthroughthepeepholeandsawastranger.Iquicklylockedthedoorfromtheinside，anddidn’topenituntil⑤myparentscameback.During⑥thetwohours，thestrangeralwaystriedtotellmesomethingbutIwouldn’tlistentohim.Onseeingmyparents，thestrangersaid，“Ihavebeenwaitingoutofthedoorfor⑦twohourssince6：10am.”Whyhadmyunclechangedsomuchover⑧theyears?規(guī)則感悟①on指在具體的某一天。②in用在年/月/季節(jié)/世紀等大時間之前，或者指上/下午或晚上；也可用在表示一段時間的詞之前，表示“多久之后”。③at用在幾點鐘或night/noon之前。④before在……之前。⑤until直到……時候。⑥during在……期間。⑦for表示延續(xù)一段時間。⑧over表示“在……期間”，表延續(xù)。3.表示原因的介詞Johnwaspunishedfor①cheatingintheexam.Hisfatherwasangryat/over②itandhetrembledwith③angerbecauseof④John’sbadbehaviour.單擊此處添加副標題規(guī)則感悟①for表示原因，后面可以跟名詞(詞組)或動名詞。②at/over用在表示情緒的形容詞之后，后面跟代詞或名詞(詞組)。③with用在表示情緒的名詞之前。④becauseof/owingto/dueto/thanksto之后不跟陳述句，跟名詞(短語)/名詞性從句。4.其他重要介詞Between①thetwoopinions，Iamfor②thefirstonebutagainst③thesecondone.By④wearingschooluniforms，studentscanbetreatedequallyby④othersdespite⑤thedifferenteconomicbackgroundsamong⑥them.Besides⑦，thepriceiswithin⑧students’reach.Moststudentsexcept⑨aminorityofthemsayschooluniformsaregoodexceptfor⑩thefactthattheyarenotfashionable.規(guī)則感悟①between表示“兩者之間”。②for表示“支持”。③against表示“反對”。④by表示“借助/通過……”，也可以表示“被……”。⑤despite表示“盡管”，等于inspiteof。⑥among表示在三者或三者以上中。⑦besides表示“除此之外(還)”。⑧within表示“在……范圍之內(nèi)”。⑨except表示同類事物除外。⑩exceptfor表示與整體陳述相對的細節(jié)修補。一、介詞的省略1.當表示時間的詞前有this，that，next，last，every，each，some，any，all等時，介詞常省略。Wewatchedanexcitingfootballmatchlastweek.上周我們觀看了一場激動人心的足球賽。Comeanydayyoulike.你想哪天來就哪天來。2.表示時間的名詞前有不定冠詞，且不定冠詞作“每一……”講時，其前不用介詞。Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.每天一個蘋果，醫(yī)生遠離我。3.習慣搭配中介詞的省略。一些常和動詞、名詞或形容詞搭配使用的介詞?？墒÷?，常見的此類搭配有spendsometime(in)doingsth，wastesometime(in)doingsth，havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth，bebusy(in)doingsth，stop/preventsb(from)doingsth等。FrankinsistedthathewasnotasleepalthoughIhadgreatdifficulty(in)wakinghimup.弗蘭克堅持說自己沒有睡覺，雖然我叫醒他費了好大勁。二、介詞不可省略的問題1.在被動語態(tài)中，動詞短語中的介詞不能省略。Thechildrenhavebeentakengoodcareofinthekindergarten.這些孩子在幼兒園里得到了很好的照顧。2.當非謂語動詞表示被動意義時，相關介詞也不可省略。Theproblemiswellworthpayingattentionto.這個問題很值得關注。3.在定語從句中，當從句的謂語和先行詞構成動賓關系且從句謂語為不及物動詞時，必須加上介詞。Thelibrarywhichweoftengotoisnotfarawayfromourschool.我們常去的那個圖書館距離我們學校不遠。三、介詞短語1.介詞與名詞構成的搭配：(1)at＋名詞ataloss不知所措atthecostof以……的代價atpeace處于和平狀態(tài)attheriskof冒……的危險atwar處于戰(zhàn)爭狀態(tài)atthemercyof在……支配下；由……擺布atthesametime同時(2)on＋名詞onexhibition/show/display在展出onaccountof因為onfire著火onaverage平均；一般地onsale出售；打折onbehalfof代表onnoaccount/condition決不onthedecrease/increase在減少/在增加onholiday/vacation在度假(3)by＋名詞byaccident/chance偶然地byhand手工bymistake錯誤地bytheday按天算bycoincidence碰巧bynature天生地(4)in＋名詞incash用現(xiàn)金付款inchargeof掌管indepth在深度上inreturn作為回報indetail詳細地indanger(of)在危險中，垂危inheight在高度上inspiteof盡管inlength在長度上inexchangefor作為交換infavorof支持，贊成innotime立刻incaseof萬一；如果；假使innoway決不insupportof為支持……inplaceof代替inhonourof為向……表示敬意inpossessionof擁有，占有inmemoryof為了紀念……inadditionto另外(5)of＋名詞ofbenefit有益處的ofsignificance有意義的ofhelp有幫助的ofuse有用的ofimportance重要的ofvalue有價值的(6)outof＋名詞outofbalance失去平衡outoforder發(fā)生故障outofbreath上氣不接下氣outofsight看不見outofcontrol失去控制outofthequestion不可能outofdate過期outofwork失業(yè)outoftouch失去聯(lián)系(7)under＋名詞underattack遭到襲擊undertreatment在治療中underpressure在壓力下undercontrol處于控制之中underrepair在修理中underdiscussion在討論中(8)with＋名詞withdelight/joy高興地withfear害怕地withdifficulty困難地withpleasure樂意地withease輕而易舉地(9)beyond＋名詞beyondcompare無與倫比beyonddescription難以描述beyondreach夠不到beyondexpression/words難以表達2.形容詞與介詞構成的搭配：(1)be＋adj.＋aboutbeanxiousabout為……憂慮becuriousabout對……好奇beparticularabout對……講究/挑剔beworried/concernedabout對……擔心(2)be＋adj.＋atbeangryat因/對……生氣begoodat擅長beastonishedat對……吃驚bepresentat出席(3)be＋adj.＋inbeabsorbedin專注于……beactivein積極于……bedressedin穿著……beengagedin忙于……berichin富含……beoccupiedin忙于……(4)be＋adj.＋forbeeagerfor渴望……befamousfor因……著名befitfor適合，勝任……bereadyfor準備好……besorryfor對……感到抱歉bepreparedfor為……做好準備(5)be＋adj.＋frombeabsentfrom缺席bedifferentfrom不同于befarfrom遠離befreefrom不受……影響(6)be＋adj.＋tobecloseto接近……bedevotedto致力于……beequalto等于……；勝任……befamiliarto對……熟悉befriendlyto對……友好beharmfulto對……有害bekindto對……友好besimilarto與……相似begratefulto對……心存感激(7)be＋adj.＋ofbeawareof意識到……befondof喜歡……beproudof因……而自豪beshortof缺乏……becriticalof對……挑剔(8)be＋adj.＋withbebusywith忙于……befamiliarwith對……熟悉becombinedwith與……結合bepatientwith對……有耐心bepopularwith受……歡迎bepleasedwith對……感到滿意beangrywith(sb)對(某人)生氣3.介詞與其他詞構成的搭配：butfor要不是insteadof代替regardlessof不管，不顧apartfrom除……之外upto直到；由……決定accordingto根據(jù)alongwith隨著togetherwith連同bymeansof用……辦法；借助……owingto因為四、動詞與介詞構成的搭配1.“動詞＋sb＋of＋sth”結構accusesbofsth指責/控告某人某事curesbofsth治好某人的某種疾病ridsbofsth使某人擺脫某物cheatsbofsth騙走某人某物remindsbofsth使某人想起某事informsbofsth通知某人某事robsbofsth搶劫某人某物warnsbofsth警告某人某事convincesbofsth使某人確信某事suspectsbofsth懷疑某人某事2.“動詞＋sb＋for＋doingsth”結構blamesbfordoingsth指責某人做某事scoldsbfordoingsthcriticizesbfordoingsth批評某人做某事forgivesbfordoingsthexcusesbfordoingsthpardonsbfordoingsth原諒某人做某事punishsbfordoingsth因做某事而懲罰某人thanksbfordoingsth感謝某人做某事3.“動詞＋sb/sth＋from＋(doing)sth”結構prevent/stop/keepsb/sthfromdoingsth阻止某人/物做某事

protect/preserve/defend/sheltersb/sthfrombeingdone保護某人/物免于被……ban/prohibitsb/sthfromdoingsth禁止某人/物做某事4.其他?？嫉膭釉~與介詞的搭配accountfor占……(比例)；解釋……(原因)actas充當；起作用breakawayfrom脫離；逃離bringabout引起；導致；造成callfor(去)接；需要；(公開)要求carryout履行；實施；執(zhí)行carrythrough幫助……渡過難關；成功完成；順利實現(xiàn)comeacross(偶然)遇見，碰見；發(fā)現(xiàn)cometoanend終止，結束comeupwith提出doharmto對……有害dowithout沒有……也行；沒有……而設法對付過去endupwith以……結束getacross被傳達；被理解；把……講清楚getaround傳播；流傳；各處走動getdownto開始做某事；開始認真注意(或?qū)Υ?某事getover解決；克服；控制getridof除去，去掉；免除，擺脫getthrough正式通過；(用電話)接通，聯(lián)系上；順利通過(考試等)giveriseto使發(fā)生givewayto屈服；退讓；讓步goagainst違反；與……不符goinfor參加考試(或競賽)；對某事物有興趣，愛好gothrough經(jīng)歷keepintouchwith與……保持聯(lián)系lookdownon/upon輕視；瞧不起lookinto調(diào)查；審查makethebestof充分利用；盡力而為bemadeupof由……組成putupwith忍受，容忍seethrough看穿；識破seeto照料；處理setabout著手做showaround/round領(某人)參觀showoff炫耀；展示takein吸入；理解，領會takeon承擔；呈現(xiàn)，具有workout計算出；制定出1.Shepattedhim

theheadandsaid，“Mylittleboy，doyoufeelmorecomfortablenowthanbefore？”2.Ifyoucouldexchangelives

someoneforashorttime，wouldyouliketodothat?3.Asaresult，hespendshislifeinawheelchairandcannotwrite____

meansofapenorpencil.4.Butwildlifetodaydisappearsoris

dangerjustbecausehumansdoharmtoit.對點練習onwithbyin5.Manytimeswedon’trealizehowroutineourliveshavebecomeandhowmuchwetakethem

granteduntilwefindourselvesinanewsituation.6.Theteacherpaused

purposetoremindthestudentstostoptalking.對點練習foron1.Thestudyfoundthatbetween1985and2017，averageruralBMIincreased

2.1inwomenandmen.(2021·浙江1月)2.Shewarnsoftheenvironmentaldangersfacingsociety，andsheteachesthatpeoplemusttakeresponsibility

savingtheirenvironment.(2023·全國甲)3.Sometimeafter10000BC，peoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontroltheworldtheylived

，throughagriculture.(2020·浙江7月)byforin考點分層演練01PARTONE單句語法填空層級一基礎達標練1.—WehadareallydampSeptemberthisyear.—Ican’tremember

autumnwhenitrainedsomuch.2.Butshequicklyrealizedthatitwasprobablybecauseofthefactthatshesatin

lastrow.3.Among

“fournewgreatinventions”，onlineshoppingwasinventedandpioneeredbyMichaelAldrichintheU.K.in1979.4.“Assoonasheopens

(he)mouthandsingsinChinese，theChineseareverysurprisedandtheyfeelproudofhim，”saidhismusicteacher.anthethehis5.Butit’sdifficultformetodecidewhatactivitiesweshouldorganizeandhowtoplan

(they).6.IsuddenlyrealizedIhadgrownupandthatIhadtolookafter______(I)andliveindependently.7.Whentheygrowolderthanthreeyearsold，

iseasierforgirlstocatchcoldsthanboys.8.Pregnantwomen，forexample，shouldlimit

(they)intakeofcoffee.層級一基礎達標練themmyselfittheir9.Thisyoungmanlikestravelling—heisalways

themove.10.Itmeansthatwecannotusesomemodernhouseholditems，_____

washingmachinesbecausetheyusetoomuchwater.層級一基礎達標練onlike1.Incontrasttothecourtlifeandupper-classculturerepresentedbytheForbiddenCity，theSummerPalace，andtheTempleofHeaven，thehutongsreflect

cultureofgrassrootsBeijingers.(2023·浙江1月)2.ThankstoBeijing’slonghistory

capitalofChina，almosteveryhutonghasitsstories.(2023·浙江1月)3.FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums，narrowhutong

royalpalaces，itishometomorethan3,000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout.(2023·全國乙)層級二高考真題練theasto4.There，you’llfindthemprepareddifferently—moredumplingandlesssoup，andthewrappersarepressed

handratherthanrolled.(2023·新課標Ⅰ)5.Themeatshouldbefreshwith

touchofsweetness，andthesurroundingsouphot，clearanddelicious.(2023·新課標Ⅰ)6.Thetactile(可觸知的)paintingsworkasawaytorevealartto

blindbecausewedon’tseewithjustoureyes：Weseewithourbrains.(2022·浙江6月)層級二高考真題練byathe7.May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay，whichwasnamedofficially

theUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2019.(2022·全國乙)8.TheChineseAncientTeaMuseumwasofficiallyunveiled(揭幕)attheceremony，opening

(it)firstexhibition：TheAvenueofTruth—ASpecialExhibitionofPu’erTea.(2022·全國乙)層級二高考真題練byits9.Coveringanareaaboutthreetimes

sizeofYellowstoneNationalPark，theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.(2022·新課標Ⅰ)10.AlthoughMarylovedflowers，

shenorherhusbandwasknownasagardener.(2021·浙江6月)層級二高考真題練theneither語法填空層級三語篇提能練(2022·浙江1月改編)KimCobb,1.

professorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlanta，isoneofasmallbutgrowingminorityofacademicswhoarecuttingbackon2.

(they)airtravelbecause3.

climatechange.Travellingtoconferences，lectures，workshops，andthelike—frequentlybyplane—isviewedasimportant4.

scientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.atheiroffor層級三語篇提能練ButCobbandothersarenowquestioningthatidea—pushingconferencestoprovidemorechancestoparticipateremotelyandchangingtheirpersonalbehaviortodotheirpartindealing5.

theclimatechangecrisis.On6.

websitecalledNoFlyClimateSci，forexample，roughly200academics—manyof7.

(they)climatescientists—havepromisedtoflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.withathem層級三語篇提能練Cobb，forherpart，startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvited8.

(she)tospeakwhethershecoulddosoremotely；aboutthree-quartersof9.

time，theyagreed.Whentheanswerwasno，shedeclinedtheinvitation.ThatapproachbroughtCobb’sairtravellastyeardown10.

75%，andsheplanstocontinuethepractice.“Ithasbeenfairlyrewarding，”shesays—“areallypositivechange.”hertheby語法鏈接寫作02PARTONE1.在抽象名詞具體化時，使用不定冠詞使文章更加生動簡潔運用(2021·新課標Ⅰ)因為被內(nèi)容所吸引，閱讀Youth成為我每天必須做的一件事。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________典例(2020·全國Ⅱ)我們一邊摘蘋果，一邊吃蘋果。真是一件樂事?。epickedappleswhilehavingagoodtasteofthem.Whatapleasure!BecauseIamattractedbythecontents，reading