中考英語語法：介詞

介詞

?介詞短語

介詞是一種用來表示詞與詞，詞與句之間的關(guān)系的詞，在句中不能單獨(dú)作為句子成分。

介詞后一般有名詞、代詞、相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞、短語或從句作為它的賓語。

介詞和它的賓語構(gòu)成介詞詞組，用來修飾名詞、動詞、形容詞與副詞等各種詞類，它的位

置通常在所修飾的對象后面。

e.g.

Cherriesareinseasonnow.現(xiàn)在正是櫻桃生產(chǎn)的季節(jié)。

名詞介詞短語

Eggsaresoldbythedozen.雞蛋是論打出售的。

動詞介詞短語

Theboxisfullofchocolates.盒子里裝滿了巧克力。

形容詞介詞短語

He'llreturntomorrowatthelatest.他最晚明天回來。

副詞介詞短語

?表示時間

1)at,in,on在..，時

-at表示“點(diǎn)”

一in表示長時間(如世紀(jì)、朝代、時代、年、季節(jié)、月等)

-on標(biāo)示出特定日期

e.g.

atseveno'clock

inthe21stcenturyinsummerinMay

on10thOctoberonTeachers'DayonMondayonacoldwintermorning

注意：在last,next,this,that,some,every等詞之前一律不用介詞。

中考英語選擇題

KarenandLilywillgotoRussiatowatchthe2018WorldCup________July.

A)onB)inC)atD)of

中考英語選擇題

It'sgettingwarmerandwarmer________spring,andplantsstartgrowing.

A)toB)inC)ofD)for

中考英語選擇題

ThetraintoBeijingleaves________eighto/clock.Let'shurry.

A)inB)onC)atD)from

中考英語選擇題

Thelocalcommunitycenterisopen________MondaytoSaturday.

B)inB)fromC)forD)on

2)in,after在???之后

一“in+一段時間”表示將來的一段時間以后

一“in+將來時間點(diǎn)”表示將來的某一時刻以后

e.g.

Mymotherwillbebackinhalfanhour.

Mymotherwillbebackafterfouro'clock.

3)from,since自從

一from僅說明什么時候開始，不說明某動作或情況持續(xù)多久。

一since表示某動作或情況持續(xù)至說話時刻，通常用完成時。

e.g.

WebegantolearnEnglishfrom2010.

Wehavebeenheresince2020.

?表示空間

1)at,in,on,to,for

—at表示在小地方：atthecinema,attheairport

fin表示在大地方:inShanghai

-in表示“在…范圍之內(nèi)”:intheworld,intheshop

fon表示"在...上面":onthedesk,onthewall

一to表示“至:gotoschool,atriptoAmerica

—for表示“至!J...”:TheywillleaveforBeijing.

介詞表示空間概念(點(diǎn)、線、面、體)

點(diǎn)：at

Let'smeetattherailwaystation.

線:on,along

Amethimonmywaytoschool.

Wewalkedalongthebeach.

面:on

Severalboatscanbeseenonthelake.

體:in

It'scoolintherailwaystationbecausetheyhaveair-conditioningthere.

中考英語選擇題

ShirleyisstillwaitingforherflighttoNewYorkCitytheairport.

A)atB)underC)onD)with

2）above,over,on在,??上;below,under在??,下面

-above（在…上方）&below（在…下方）：不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否垂直

（比較相對高度，沒有標(biāo)示點(diǎn)的功能）

e.g.Thebirdisflyingabovemyhead.

Pleasewritethenamebelowtheline.

-over（在…上方）&under（在…下方）:垂直，不直接接觸

（有標(biāo)示點(diǎn)的功能）

e.g.Thereisabridgeovertheriver.

Thereisaballunderthedesk.

-on（在…上面）：直接接觸

e.g.Mybookisonthedesk.

中考英語選擇題

Frankheldhisbreath________thewatertosearchforhisringintheswimmingpool.

A）atB）byC）overD）under

3）in,on,to+方位

-in+方位:"在…內(nèi)”

一。n+方位:〃緊鄰〃

一to+方位:“沒接觸、不包含〃

e.g.BeijingisinthenorthofChina.北京在中國的北部。

CanadaliesonthenorthoftheUS.加拿大位于美國北部。

FranceliestothesouthofEngland.法國位于英國南面。

4）infrontof,inthefrontof在.??前面；behind,atthebackof在...后面

—infrontof（在…前面）&behind（在…后面）:兩者互不包括

e.g.Thereisagardeninfrontoftheclassroom.

Theclassroomisbehindthegarden.

—inthefrontof（在…前面）&atthebackof（在…后面）：甲物在乙物的內(nèi)部

e.g.Thereisablackboardinthefrontoftheclassroom.

Thereisadustbinatthebackoftheclassroom.

5）near在…附近；beside,by,at在…旁邊

e.g.Ilivenearourschool.

I'msittingbesidetheteacher'sdesk.

Heseatedhimselfatthedesk.

Hestoodbythedoor.

6)through從???(空間)穿過；across從??人表面)穿過

e.g.Thesunlightwascominginthroughthewindow.

Shewentacrossthestreettomakesomepurchases.

7)between在兩者之間；among在三者或三者以上的中間

-between有標(biāo)示位置的功能，among則沒有

e.g.Ourvillageliesbetweenariverandaroad.

Amon-allthecitiesinChina,Shanghaiisthemostmodern.

中考英語選擇題

Wushuisbecomingmoreandmorepopular________foreigners.

A)amongB)forC)inD)to

?表示方式

一表示用交通工具常用by,一般不用冠詞，名詞用單數(shù):bybus,byair

f表示用某種語言常用in:inChinese,inEnglish

一表示用某種方式、材料常用with:cutitwithaknife

f表示用一些無線電工具常用on:Ioftentalkwithmyfriendsonthephone.

中考英語選擇題

Betty,let'smakeacake______—someflour,sugar,butterandmilk.

A)atB)ofC)inD)with

?表示所屬關(guān)系

一表示所屬意義的介詞常用。f,意為“…的…”

e.g.thepictureofthefamily

afriendofmine

?其他用法

1)bemadeof&bemadefrom

-of:看得出成品的原材料(關(guān)系近)

ffrom:看不出成品的原材料(關(guān)系遠(yuǎn))

e.g.Thedeskismadeofwood.

Thewineismadefromgrapes.

2)besides&except&exceptfor”除了"

fbesides:累加關(guān)系(除了…還有)

-except:排除關(guān)系(除了…不再有)，用于討論同類東西

-exceptfor:排除關(guān)系(除了…不再有)，用于討論不同類東西

e.g.

WehaveseenthecrocodilesbesidesLiFang.

除了李芳之外我們也見過鱷魚。

WeareallChineseexceptTominourclass.

在我們班，除了Tom外，我們都是中國人。

Hiswritingisgoodexceptforafewspellingmistakes.

他的作文寫得不錯，只是有幾處拼寫錯誤。

3)thanksfor&thanksto

—thanksfor:=thankyoufor”為...謝"強(qiáng)調(diào)感謝原因

-thanksto:〃多虧了〃，〃由于…的幫助〃

e.g.Thankyouforlendingmeumbrella.

Thankstoourteacher,weallpassedthemexam.

4介詞和名詞、動詞有不少固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法

?？冀樵~搭配

f形容詞+介詞

beclosetobefamiliarwithsthbefamiliartosb

besimilartobegoodat=dowellinbepoorat

bebadforbeangrywithsbbeangryat/aboutsth

befamousforbefamousasbefoundof=bekeenon=beinterestedin

belateforbesurprisedatbethankfulto

beproudofbereadyforbebusywith

befullofbecrowdedwithbefilledwith

bedifferentfrombethesameas

一帶有介詞的動詞短語

addtobreakintocarefor=takecareof=lookafter

gooverdependon=relyongetridof

joininlaughatlookforwardto

goforlookuptoconsistof

中考英語選擇題

MrSmithalwaysencourageshisstudentstobeactive________class.

A)inB)byC)withD)from

【習(xí)題解析】

I.Choosethebestanswer(選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?

()1.AgroupofteacherswenttoGuangzhouforanimportantactivityDecember

20.

A.inB.onC.toD.at

()2.WhenKatecamebackhome,hermotherwasbusythehousework.

A.withB.forC.byD.about

()3.Theconcertwillbeginsevenintheevening.Pleasebethereontime.

A.ofB.inC.onD.at

()4.Themanagerismuchbetterthanotheremployeesdealingwiththe

customers'complaints.

A.inB.atC.onD.of

()5.Billmethiswifeonthecampusforthefirsttimethespringof1971.

A.onB.inC.atD.for

【真題演練】

II.Choosethebestanswer(選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?

()1.Someyoungparentsareunawarethedangerofgivingtheirbabies

smartphones.(2018徐匯區(qū)一模卷)

A.withB.forC.inD.of

()2.Therewere22medicalserviceareastheroutein2017ShanghaiMarathon.

(2018徐匯區(qū)一模卷)

A.alongB.withC.throughD.across

()3.Theworld'ssmallestlizardhasbeendiscoveredasmallCaribbeanisland.

(2018楊浦區(qū)一模卷)

A.onB.inC.forD.at

()4.Theliftinourbuildingsuddenlybrokedownandwegottrappedfloors.

(2018奉賢區(qū)一模卷)

A.inB.onC.betweenD.among

()5.1likehikingatweekends.Ihavewalked10miles6o'clock.(2018靜安區(qū)一

模卷)

A.forB.sinceC.atD.from

()6.Alargegroupofstudentsarewaitingthebusstopfortheschoolbus.(2018

寶山區(qū)一模卷)

A.forB.atC.toD.on

()7.Tom,youarethepersonI'mlookingICometohelpmedealwithhecase.

(2018長寧區(qū)一模卷)

A.atB.forC.afterD.up

()8.PleaseconnectthespeakerstheCDplayersothatwecanhearthesongs

clearly.(2018浦東新區(qū)一模卷)

A.byB.ofC.atD.to

()9.Let'shavearestthetimebeing,andthenwewillcontinuetodiscussthe

plan.

A.onB.inC.atD.for

()10.Hehadlearnedmorethan600wordstheageoffive.(2019寶山區(qū)一模

卷)

A.aboutB.atC.byD.of

()11.Peterwillgoonatipwithhisfamilytheendofthisyear.(2019崇明區(qū)一模

卷)

A.onB.atC.toD.in

()12.Wow!Lookatthefields.Theyareallcoveredwhitesnow.(2019崇明區(qū)一

模卷)

A.forB.onC.withD.in

()13.EveryyearNovember,peoplefromalloverthecountrycometoHangzhoutoenjoythe

goldenautumn.

A.inB.atC.onD.during

()14.Itwassaidthatsomethingterriblehappenedherethesnowywinter.(2019

虹口區(qū)一模卷)

A.onB.atC.inD.by

()15.Roomescape(密室逃脫)gamesarebecomingmoreandmorepopular

youngpeople.

A.AboutB.withC.fromD.onto

()16.HappyNewYear,Christina.Here'sagiftyou.(2019黃浦區(qū)一模卷)

A.inB.fromC.forD.with

)17.Wehavetotakeactionimmediatelytopreventthesituationgettingworse.

（2019嘉定區(qū)一模卷）

A.withB.fromC.forD.to

()18."TheCIEisarealexampleofthepossibilitiesoffairtrade,"oneoftheofficerssaid

November6lastyear.(2019金山區(qū)一模卷)

A.onB.forC.inD.of

()19.Jimmyandhisparentsvisitedusacoldnightlastwinter.(2019閔彳亍區(qū)——模

卷)

A.atB.inC.ofD.on

()20.Bothofthemarestillworkinghardtosolvethecasethetimebeing.(2019

閔行區(qū)一模卷)

A.withB.ofC.forD.to

()21.ThewildfireinCaliforniadestroyedmorethan12,000homesNovember

2018.(2019浦東新區(qū)一模卷)

A.inB.onC.atD.to

()22.Peter'swifewasextremelyangryhimbecausehetoldalietoher.(2019浦

東新區(qū)一模卷)

A.forB.toC.withD.about

()23.Tooursurprise,ourheadmasterisquitefamiliarallthestudents/names.

(2019青浦區(qū)一模卷)

A.underB.ofC.withD.for

()24.Withthehelpofhiswife,Mr.Fangmanagedtogiveupsmokingtheend.

(2019青浦區(qū)一模卷)

A.onB.forC.atD.in

()25.The7-year-oldboyisfondmakingmodelplanes.(2019徐匯區(qū)一模卷)

A.onB.ofC.inD.with

()26.Thecompanyislookingstaffwhoarewillingtolearnnewskills.(2019楊浦

區(qū)一模卷)

A.forB.atC.upD.after

()27.Peopleshoulddrivemorecarefullyontheroadasnowyday.(2019長寧區(qū)

一模卷)

A.onB.inC.atD.by

)28.Dogownersoughttotieuptheirpetstostopthemattackingpeople.(2019

靜安區(qū)二模卷)

A.ofB.byC.forD.from

()29.Jinyong,oneofmyfavoritewriters,passedawayOctober30,2018.(2019

閔行區(qū)二模卷)

A.inB.onC.atD.for

()30.It'ssuchadifficultprojectthateveryoneofusworksonitgreatcare.

(2019閔行區(qū)二模卷)

A.offB.withC.downD.from

()31.I'mgoingtotherailwaystationtomeetmyfriendthisafternoon.(2019浦

東新區(qū)二模卷)

A.inB.onC.atD./

()32.Cassiegottiredthebusylifeinthecity,soshechosetomovetothe

countryside.(2019浦東新區(qū)二模卷)

A.forB.toC.fromD.of

()33.Armstrongwasthecaptainandhewasresponsiblethejourney.(2019普陀

區(qū)二模卷)

A.atB.toC.forD.on

()34.Mr.Blackisn'tfreeWednesdaymorning.Hehasanimportantmeeting.

(2019青浦區(qū)二模卷)

A.onB.inC.atD.by

()35.Thecoupleboughtatouringcarandstartedtotravelaroundtheworld

theirthirties.(2019松江區(qū)二模卷)

A.ofB.aboutC.inD.to

()36.Ou