DB43-T 2403-2022露地苦瓜嫁接育苗技術(shù)規(guī)程

ICS67.080

CCSB31

43

湖南省地方標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

DB43/T2403—2022

露地苦瓜嫁接育苗技術(shù)規(guī)程

TechnicalRegulationofBitterGourdGraftingSeedling

inSpringinOpenField

2022-07-08發(fā)布2022-10-08實施

湖南省市場監(jiān)督管理局發(fā)布

DB43/T2403—2022

目次

前言························································································································Ⅲ

1范圍·····················································································································1

2規(guī)范性引用文件······································································································1

3術(shù)語和定義············································································································1

4育苗設(shè)施與設(shè)備······································································································1

5砧木培育···············································································································1

6接穗培育···············································································································2

7嫁接·····················································································································3

8嫁接苗管理············································································································3

9病蟲害防治············································································································4

10壯苗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)··············································································································5

11生產(chǎn)檔案··············································································································5

I

DB43/T2403—2022

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)

定起草。

請注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利。本文件的發(fā)布機構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識別專利的責(zé)任。

本文件由湖南省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳提出。

本文件由湖南省農(nóng)業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會歸口。

本文件主要起草單位：湖南省蔬菜研究所，湖南湘妹子農(nóng)業(yè)科技有限公司，湖南省農(nóng)業(yè)裝備研究所，

株洲市農(nóng)業(yè)綜合服務(wù)中心。

本文件起草人：彭瑩、粟建文、童輝、殷武平、袁祖華、楊曉、王志偉、李亞榮。

III

DB43/T2403—2022

露地苦瓜嫁接育苗技術(shù)規(guī)程

1范圍

本文件規(guī)定了露地苦瓜嫁接育苗的育苗設(shè)施與設(shè)備、砧木培育、接穗培育、嫁接、嫁接苗管理、病

蟲害防治、壯苗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和生產(chǎn)檔案等內(nèi)容。

本文件適用于露地苦瓜嫁接苗生產(chǎn)。

2規(guī)范性引用文件

下列文件中的內(nèi)容通過文中的規(guī)范性引用而構(gòu)成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文件，

僅該日期對應(yīng)的版本適用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改單）適用于本

文件。

GB/T16715.1瓜菜作物種子第1部分：瓜類

GB/T23416.3蔬菜病蟲害安全防治技術(shù)規(guī)范第3部分：瓜類

NY/T2119蔬菜穴盤育苗通則

NY/T2118蔬菜育苗基質(zhì)

NY/T1107大量元素水溶肥料

HNZ150蔬菜漂浮育苗技術(shù)規(guī)程

3術(shù)語和定義

本文件沒有術(shù)語和定義。

4育苗設(shè)施與設(shè)備

溫室、連棟大棚或塑料大棚均可。設(shè)施內(nèi)應(yīng)配備苗床、地?zé)峋€或空氣加熱線、小拱棚、遮陽網(wǎng)、催

芽箱，以及發(fā)芽盒、濾紙、育苗基質(zhì)、育苗盤、打孔器、塑料薄膜、嫁接刀片、嫁接夾、75％酒精等。

有條件的育苗廠可配套催芽室、愈合室、加溫、補光、通風(fēng)、灌溉等系統(tǒng)。

5砧木培育

5.1品種選擇

宜選用生長勢、抗逆性強，親和力高，嫁接后對苦瓜無不良影響的絲瓜品種為嫁接砧木，種子質(zhì)量

應(yīng)符合GB/T16715.1中二級以上要求。

5.2育苗方式

根據(jù)育苗設(shè)施設(shè)備條件和栽培要求，可選穴盤育苗或漂浮育苗，穴盤育苗按NY/T2119規(guī)定執(zhí)行，

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DB43/T2403—2022

漂浮育苗按HNZ150規(guī)定執(zhí)行。

5.3播期及播種量

5.3.1播期

3月上旬播種即可。

5.3.2播種量

播種量約為所需成苗數(shù)的1.2倍～1.5倍。

5.4浸種催芽

砧木種子在55℃溫水中浸種并不斷攪拌，冷卻后換0.5％雙氧水浸泡（置于30℃恒溫箱中）12h，

然后將種子用溫水沖洗干凈，稍瀝干水后平鋪于墊有濕濾紙的發(fā)芽盒中，于30℃恒溫箱內(nèi)催芽，48h

可出芽，此后每天挑出芽種子播種，并用溫水沖洗更換濾紙。

5.5播種

采用50孔穴盤或78孔漂浮盤點播，種子平放，芽尖朝下。播后加蓋小拱棚，一般4d～6d即可

出苗。育苗基質(zhì)應(yīng)符合NY/T2118規(guī)定。

5.6幼苗管理

5.6.1溫濕度管理

出苗前以保溫保濕為主，溫度28℃～30℃，空氣相對濕度90％以上為宜；出苗后，白天20℃～28℃，

夜間18℃～20℃，空氣相對濕度50％～70％為宜。若氣溫超過35℃，應(yīng)通風(fēng)降溫，低于12℃，應(yīng)采取

加蓋中棚、鋪設(shè)地?zé)峋€或空氣加熱線等其他加溫措施。

5.6.2水肥管理

出苗后至子葉完全展開前，澆清水或育苗池中為無肥清水。心葉初露后，施入育苗專用水溶肥，營

養(yǎng)液氮素濃度控制在50mg/kg～100mg/kg。水溶肥應(yīng)符合NY/T1107規(guī)定。

6接穗培育

6.1品種選擇

根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)卦耘嗔?xí)慣和市場需求選擇品種。種子質(zhì)量應(yīng)符合GB/T16715.1中二級以上要求。

6.2播期及播種量

6.2.1播期

接穗比砧木晚6d～8d播種，砧木出苗后再播種接穗。

6.2.2播種量

播種量約為所需成苗數(shù)的1.2倍～1.5倍。

2

DB43/T2403—2022

6.3浸種催芽

同4.4。

6.4播種

采用無格育苗盤撒播，播后加蓋小拱棚，一般5d～7d后出苗。

6.5幼苗管理

同4.6。

7嫁接

7.1嫁接時期

砧木子葉平展、心葉剛露，接穗基生葉初展時為最佳嫁接時期。一般情況下，3月上旬播種，3月

中下旬可嫁接。

7.2嫁接前準(zhǔn)備

一般在適當(dāng)遮光的棚內(nèi)進(jìn)行。可利用長桌長凳作嫁接操作臺，其高度及大小以方便嫁接人員操作為

宜。嫁接前需準(zhǔn)備好刀片、嫁接夾、消毒藥劑等器具。嫁接前一天砧木和接穗幼苗用50％多菌靈可濕

性粉劑1000倍液噴施一遍，直到葉片滴水為止。嫁接人員雙手和嫁接工具均需用75％酒精溶液進(jìn)行

消毒處理。

7.3嫁接方法

7.3.1劈接法

嫁接時用刀片去除砧木的生長點，再從兩片子葉的正中間位置垂直向下切約1cm深；用刀片割取

接穗地上部分，用清水沖洗干凈，稍瀝干后從子葉下方約0.5cm處，一邊向下斜切一刀，削成楔形，

切面長約1cm；將接穗插入砧木切口，保證接穗子葉方向與砧木子葉方向垂直，呈“十”字型，再用

嫁接夾固定。

7.3.2貼接法

嫁接時用嫁接刀從砧木子葉基部位置斜切一刀，削掉砧木1片子葉和生長點，削成約30°斜面，

切口斜面長約1cm；接穗苗自子葉下部，將接穗苗的下胚軸用刀片斜切成約30°斜面，斜面長約1cm，

切口大小盡量與砧木的接近；將削好的接穗苗切口與砧木苗的切口對準(zhǔn)，貼合在一起，快速用嫁接夾固

定嫁接口。

8嫁接苗管理

8.1愈合期管理

8.1.1溫濕度管理

嫁接后將嫁接好的苗盤整齊擺放在苗床或育苗池中，迅速加蓋小拱棚膜并且保證封嚴(yán)。嫁接后

前3d，白天25℃～28℃，夜間20℃～22℃，相對空氣濕度95％以上為宜；嫁接后4d～7d，白天22℃～

3

DB43/T2403—2022

25℃，夜間18℃～20℃，相對空氣濕度80％～90％為宜，白天視天氣情況，在小拱棚兩端揭小風(fēng)口

通風(fēng)，之后逐漸加大風(fēng)口，待嫁接苗揭膜午間不萎蔫以后，去掉小拱棚膜，進(jìn)入正常管理。

8.1.2光照管理

嫁接后前3d，晴天全天遮光，只在陽光較弱的清晨和傍晚適當(dāng)見光，如遇陰雨天光線弱，可不遮

光，以嫁接苗不萎蔫為準(zhǔn)。嫁接3d后逐漸增加見光時間，一般1周后不需再遮光。但發(fā)現(xiàn)接穗萎蔫時，

仍需及時遮蔭。

8.1.3水肥管理

控制營養(yǎng)液氮素濃度為100mg/kg～150mg/kg。

8.2愈合后管理

8.2.1溫濕度管理

白天25℃～28℃，夜間18℃～22℃，相對空氣濕度50％～70％為宜。

8.2.2水肥管理

控制營養(yǎng)液氮素濃度為150mg/kg～200mg/kg。

8.2.3除異芽

及時摘除砧木的蘗芽，注意需多次反復(fù)抹芽，一般3d～4d一次。

8.2.4煉苗

移栽前7d～10d根據(jù)天氣逐漸加大通風(fēng)量和通風(fēng)時間，同時根據(jù)生長勢對幼苗進(jìn)行間隔性斷肥、

斷水煉苗。

8.2.5除嫁接夾

4月中下旬定植露地，定植時摘除嫁接夾。

9病蟲害防治

9.1主要病蟲害

常見病害為猝倒病、灰霉病等；常見害蟲有蚜蟲等。

9.2防治方法

9.2.1防治原則

防治方法按GB/T23416.3規(guī)定執(zhí)行。

9.2.2農(nóng)業(yè)防治

育苗設(shè)施保持每天通風(fēng)換氣以降低空氣濕度。

9.2.3物理防治

4

DB43/T2403—2022

將育苗設(shè)施所有通風(fēng)口及進(jìn)出口加設(shè)40目的防蟲網(wǎng)，在育苗設(shè)施內(nèi)懸掛黃板、誘捕器。

9.2.4化學(xué)防治

育苗前采用無害化殺菌劑對育苗設(shè)施和育苗基質(zhì)消毒；砧木、接穗幼苗出苗后噴施一次72.2％普

力克水劑1000倍液；心葉顯露時噴施一次蟲螨清粉劑1000倍液；嫁接10d后噴施一次疫快凈粉劑

1000倍液；定植前可針對性加施一次殺菌劑，殺蟲劑。

10壯苗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

嫁接苗節(jié)間短粗，砧木下胚軸長2cm～3cm，株高10cm～12cm，接穗真葉3片～4片，葉片深

綠、肥厚，根坨成型，根系粗壯發(fā)達(dá)，無病蟲危害，無機械損傷。

11生產(chǎn)檔案

建立生產(chǎn)檔案，載明育苗的每一步驟和過程，包括生產(chǎn)資料的使用情況、田間操作情況等內(nèi)容，生

產(chǎn)檔案應(yīng)當(dāng)保存三年以上。

5

DB43/T2403—2022

目次

前言························································································································Ⅲ

1范圍·····················································································································1

2規(guī)范性引用文件······································································································1

3術(shù)語和定義············································································································1

4育苗設(shè)施與設(shè)備······································································································1

5砧木培育···············································································································1

6接穗培育···············································································································2

7嫁接·····················································································································3

8嫁接苗管理············································································································3

9病蟲害防治············································································································4

10壯苗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)··············································································································5

11生產(chǎn)檔案··············································································································5

I

DB43/T2403—2022

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)

定起草。

請注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利。本文件的發(fā)布機構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識別專利的責(zé)任。

本文件由湖南省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳提出。

本文件由湖南省農(nóng)業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會歸口。

本文件主要起草單位：湖南省蔬菜研究所，湖南湘妹子農(nóng)業(yè)科技有限公司，湖南省農(nóng)業(yè)裝備研究所，

株洲市農(nóng)業(yè)綜合服務(wù)中心。

本文件起草人：彭瑩、粟建文、童輝、殷武平、袁祖華、楊曉、王志偉、李亞榮。