同等學(xué)力人員申碩英語模擬題二

同等學(xué)歷人員申請碩士學(xué)位英語水平模擬試題二

PartIListeningComprehension

略

PartIIVocabulary

16.Itiswrongto________apersonofacrimeunlessyouhaveproofthatheisguilty.

A.blameB.accuse

C.chargeD.warn

17.Thefatheris________byhisboy'sconduct.

A.hurtedB.ached

C.harmedD.pained

18.Wemustcherishexperience________atthecostofblood.

A.achievedB.realized

C.acquiredD.required

19.Thesecretarywentthroughthetypescriptcarefullyto________allerrorsfromit.

A.abandonB.eliminate

C.dischargeD.withdraw

20.Thepresident________himselfsincerelyinhisaddresstothegraduatingclassoftheuniversity.

A.showedB.expressed

C.displayedD.revealed

21.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestchildthanshewastotheothers,________ofcourse,madetheothersjealous.

A.thatB.who

C.whatD.which

22.Itwasn'tsuchagooddinner________shehadpromisedus.

A.whatB.which

C.asD.that

23.WewereHappytohaveavery________winter.

A.plainB.soft

C.mildD.calm

24.Attendancesatfootballmatcheshave________sincethecomingoftelevision.

A.droppedinB.droppedoff

C.droppedoutD.droppeddown

25.Ifyonstick________thepianoeveryday,youcouldbecomequiteagoodmusician.

A.afterpractisingB.underpractising

C.topractisingD.topractise

26.Iliketohavemyreferencebooks________myreach.

A.insideB.within

C.underD.beyond

27.Thepolice,catchingthecriminal________hisguard,arrestedhimashewasdrinkinginapublichouse.

A.offB.from

C.onD.up

28.TheMinisterofJusticehas________animmenseamountofcorrespondencebeforebreakfast.

A.gotoverB.gotbehind

C.gotroundD.gotthrough

29.Iftheyoungmanhad________thedogalone,itwouldn'thavebittenhim.

A.leftB.put

C.setD.got

30.Difficultiesandhardshipshave_________thebestqualitiesoftheyounggeologist.

A.broughtupB.broughtout

C.broughtaboutD.broughtforth

31.Thedescriptionofthescenewasso(pathetic)thatIweptallthroughit.

A.vividB.affecting

C.suspensiveD.comical

32.Hispleasantways(beguiled)meintothinkingthathewaskindatheart.

A.deprivedB.despised

C.divertedD.deceived

33.He(derided)theideathatpovertycouldbeeliminatedsimplybyhandingoutmoneytothepoor.

A.ridiculedB.advocated

C.challengedD.rejected

34.halfoftheclass(volunteered)tohelpdecoratethegymforthedance.

A.promisedB.offered

C.tendedD.determined

35.ItwassaidthatTom'sbrotherwasunder(indictment)formurder.

A.suspicionB.attack

C.tyrannyD.accusation

PartIIIReadingComprehension

PassageI

Althoughtheterm"globalwarming"hasbecomeincreasinglyfamiliartothegeneralpublic,arecentsurveycarriedoutbytheChinchillainstituteforEnvironmentalStudiesclearlydemonstratesthatthefullimplicationsofthetermarefarFromunder-stood.Aslongaspubisawarenessremainssolow,thepoliticalmeasuresrequiredtodealwillthepotentiallydisastrousconsequencesareunlikelytocomeabout.

Over80percentofthepeopleinterviewedintheChinchillaSurveywereunabletoindicateanyoftheeffectsofaworldwideriseintemperature.Evenmoredisturbingwastheverysmallproportionofpeopleinterviewed(7.4percent)whofeltthattheirliveswouldbedirectlyaffectedbyglobalwarmingduringthenext20)years.

ThisindifferenceisinsharpcontrasttobeconcernsvoicedbytheteamofprofessionalswhoconductedtheSurvey.TeamleaderProfessorErnestWongstatedthatweshouldexpecttoexperiencesignificantlifestylechangesasaresultoftheeffectsofglobalwarming.Indetailingthelikelyeffects,ProfessorWongemphasisedthattheclimaticchangescausedbyriseinglobaltemperatureofonly1Cwouldresultinenormouschanges.

Primaryamongthesechangeswouldbetheriseinsealevelasaresultofthemeltingofthepolaricecaps.Theconsequent30-cencimetreriseinsealevelswouldhavedisastrousconsequencesforlowlyingcoastalareas.TheveryexistenceofcountriessuchasBangladeshwouldbethreatened.Indeed,fewcoastalcitieswouldentirelyescapeseverfloodinganddamageAlthoughconsiderabledebatesurroundstheaccuracyofProfessorwrong'spredictionsthosewhosharehispessimisticpredictioninsistthatgovernmentsmustrespondtothischallengebyinvestingincoastaldefence.

Eveninlandareaswillnotbeabletoavoidtheconsequencesofglobalwarming.Changesintherainfallpatternarelikelytoresultfloodinganddsertification,bothofwhichwillinfluenceagriculturethroughouttheworld.

Inarecentinterview,ProfessorWongillustratedthesepointswithdramaticeffect.Chinchillaitself,amedium-sizedprovincialcityatthecentreofoneofthecountry'smajorricegrowingareas,would,heclaimed,beprofoundlyaffected.Although,givenitsheightandinlandlocation,thecitywouldnotsufferfrontcoastalflooding,thepossiblereductionintherainfallwouldendangertheregion'seconomy.

Inconcludinghisinterview,ProfessorWonglefthisaudienceinnodoubtabouttheurgencyoftheproblem."Unlessweplanforthefuture,wewillnotseethenecessarymobilisationofforcesatlocal,regional,national,andinternationallevelthatareessentialtofacethisissue,theissueofthe21stcentury."

36.Whoiswellawareoftheconsequencesofglobalwarming?

A.Thegovernment.B.Thepublic.

C.Theexperts.D.BothAandC

37.ProfessorWongcalledfor_______.

A.awarenessatalllevelstoeffectivelyfaceglobalwarming

B.people'seffortstostopglobalwarming

C.damsbeingbuiltalongthecoasts

D.people'schangingtheirlifestylerightaway

38.Itseemsthat_______willnotsufferasaresultofglobalwarming.

A.coastalcitiesB.inlandplaces.

C.noplacesD.islandcountries

39.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe.

A.GlobalWarming,anissueWorthSeriousConsideration

B.GlobalWarmingandFlooding

C.GlobalWarmingandAgriculture

D.GlobalWarminganditsEffectonEconomy

Passage2

Researchershaverecentlyfoundaconnectionbetweendiseasesandstressfulsituations.Totestthistheory,psychologistsaretryingtofindalinkbetweenthebrainandtheimmunesystem.

Theimmunesysteminourbodiesfightsthebacteriaandviruseswhichcausedisease.Therefore,whetherornotwearelikelytogetvariousdiseasesdependsonhowwellourimmunesystemworks.Biologistsusedtothinkthattheimmunesystemwasaseparate,independentpartofourbodies.Recently,however,theyhavefoundthatourbraincanaffectourimmunesystem.Thisdiscoveryindicatesthattheremaybeaconnectionbetweenemotionalfactors,suchasstressordepression,andillness.

Althoughmanydoctorsinthepastsuspectedaconnectionbetweenemotionalfactoranddisease,theyhadnoproof.Scientistshaveonlyrecentlydiscoveredhowthebrainandtheimmunesystemfunction.Beforethis,noonecouldseealinkbetweenthem.Asaresult,medicalscienceneverseriouslyconsideredtheideathatpsychologicalfactorscouldcausedisease.

Severalrecentstudiesshowedaconnectionbetweenstressandillness.Forexample,researcherswenttoanAmericanmilitaryschooltostudythestudents.Theyfoundthatthesickstudentstherehadalotofacademicpressureandwantedtoachieve,buttheywerenotverygoodstudents,inasimilarstudy,researchersstudiedagroupofstudentnursesandfoundthatthenurseswhodevelopedcoldsoresweretheoneswhodescribedthemselvesasgeneral)yunhappypeople.

Inadditiontotheseresults,whichsupporttheirtheory,researchersarealsolookingforproofthatstresscandamagetheimmunesystem.Researchersstudiedrecentlybereavedpeople,i.e.peoplewhoselovedoneshavejustdied,becausetheyaremorelikelytobecomeillordie.Byexaminingtheimmunesystemofdiscovery,theyexaminedsomewhitebloodcellswhichareanimportantpartoftheimmunesystem.TheywerenotfunctioningproperlyThefactthattheywerenotworkingcorrectlyindicatesthatseverepsychologicalstress,suchasalovedone'sdeath,maydamageanimportantpartofourimmunesystem.

Thereisstillnopositiveproofofaconnectionbetweentheimmunesystemandpsychologicalfactors.Researchersalsosaythattheresultsofthestudiesonbereavedpeoplecouldhaveadifferentexplanation.Forexample,bereavedpeopleoftensleepandeatlessthannormal,ormaydrinkalcoholortakemedication.Thesefactorscanalsoaffecttheimmunesystem.Moreresearchisneededcoclearlyestablishtheconnectionbetweentheimmunesystemandpsychologicalfactors.

40.Thestudyonthemilitaryschoolstudentsindicatedthat_______.

A.lifeintheschoolwasverystressful

B.diseasecouldbecausedbypsychologicalfactors

C.thegoodstudentswerelikelytof311ill

D.stressoftenmadestudentsunhappy

41.Theimmunesystem_______.

A.usedtobeunconnectedwiththebrain

B.causesalotofstresstopeople

C.canbeaffectedbyemotionalfactors

D.functionsindependently

42.Inthepast,manydoctors_______.

A.neverthoughtofanypossiblelinkbetweenstressandillness

B.hardlyconsideredemotionalfactorswhendealingwithapatient

C.discoveredthatthebrainandtheimmunesystemfunctionedindependently

D.foundthatdiseaseswerecausedbypsychologicalfactors

43.Thestudyofrecentlybereavedpeopleshowsthat_______.

A.stressisdirectlylinkedwithillness

B.bereavedpeopleshouldcontroltheirmotionsproperly

C.whitebloodcellsareanimportantpartoftheimmunesystem

D.damagecanbedonetotheimmunesystembytoomuchstress

44.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingcothepassage?

A.Unhappinessmaycausedisease.

B.Drinkingalcoholmaycausedamagetotheimmunesystem.

C.Toomuchsorrowisharmfultotheimmunesystem.

D.Psychologicalstressleadsnaturallytothedamageoftheimmunesystem.

Passage3

Someyearsago,thetheorywaspopularthataftertheageofabout40.theaverageresearcherbeganlosinghiscreativity.Thechanceofhismakingamajordiscoverywasbelievedtodropoffsharply.Hence,therereallywasn'tmuchpointinencouragingamanof45or50todoresearch.

Inrecentyears,however,thistheoryhasfallenintowidedisrepute.Companiesfindthatmanyresearcherscontinuetobehighlyproductivethroughouttheircareers.Thereiseveryreasontoallowthesementocontinuetheirpioneeringwork.

Maymencanbeofgreatestservicetoacompanybystayinground.inthelaboratory.Asingleoutstandingdiscoverymayhaveafargreaterimpactonthecompany'sprofitpicturefiveyearshencechantheactivitiesofeventhemostcapableadministrator.Itissimply,goodsense-andgoodeconomics-toallowqualifiedresearcherstocontinuetheirwork.Grantingthesemenmaximumfreedomtoexploretheirscientificideasisalsoevidentlygoodsense.

Companiesarealsoconvincedthatthetraditionalstandardsinestablishingsalariesarenotcompletelyvalid.Informeryears,theamountofaman'ssalarywasdeterminedprimarilybythesizeofhisannualbudgetOnthisbasis,theresearcher-howeverbrilliant-whohadperhapsoneassistantandneverspentmuchmoneymadeanextremelypoorshowing.Companiesnowrealizethatthetwoveryimportantcriteriathatmustalsobeconsideredareaman'sactualcontributionstothecompanyandhiscreativepotential.

Intoday'seraofscientificmanpowershortage,companieshavemorereasonthanevertoencouragescientiststodotheworkforwhichtheyaremostqualified.Theyalsohavegreaterreasonthanevertopro-videwithinthelaboratorytheenvironmentinwhichthecreativeprocessesofresearchcanbecarriedoutmosteffectively.

45.Someyearsago,acompanywouldemployaresearcher_______.

A.whowascreative

B.whowasundertheageof45or50

C.whobegantobecreativeaftertheago45or50

D.bothAandB

46.Accordingtotheauthor,aproductiveresearcher_______.

A.ismorevaluablechanthemostcapableadministrator

B.isasgoodasthemostcapableadminstr3tor

C.shouldbepaidn20reashebecomesolder

D.willbecomelesscreativewhenhegetsolder

47.Acompanynowpaysaresearcheraccordingto________.

A.hiscreativepotential

B.hiscontributionstothecompany

C.howmanyinventionshemade

D.bothAandB

48.formerly,thesizeofaresearcher'ssalarywasmainlydeterminedby_______.

A.howcreativehewas

B.howmuchhespentannually

C.howlongliestayedinthecompany.

D.howmanyassistantshehad

49.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage_______.

A.Therearemoreresearchersnowsothatcompaniescanchoosethemostcreative.

B.Aresearcherhasmoreassistantsthanaresearcherdidsomeyearsago.

C.Therearefewerresearchersnow,socompaniesshouldvaluethemostqualifiedallthemore.

D.Mostresearcherswilllosetheircreativepowerafterleavingtheirlaboratories.

Passage4

Theenergycrisis,whichisbeingfeltaroundtheworld,hasdramatizedhowthecarelessuseoftheearth'sresourceshasbroughtthewholeworldtothebrinkofdisaster.Theover-developmentofmotortransport,withitsincreaseofmorecars,morehighways,morepollution.moreitsincreaseofmorecars,morehighways,morepollution,moresuburbs,morecommuting,hascontributedtothenear-destructionofourcities,thebreakupofthefamily,andthepollutionnotonlyoflocalair,butalsooftheearth'satmosphere.Thedisasterhasarrivedintheformoftheenergycrisis.

Ourpresentsituationisunlikewar,revolutionordepression.Itisalsounlikethegreatnaturaldisastersofthepast.Worldwideresourcesexploitationandenergyusehavebroughtustoastatewherelong-rangeplanningisessential.Whatweneedisnotacontinuationofourpresentseriousstate,whichendangersthefutureofourcountry,ourchildren,andourearth,butamovementforwardtoanewnorminordertoworkrapidlyandeffectivelyonplanetaryproblems.

Thiscountryhasbeenfallingbackunderthecontinuingexposuresoflossofmoralityandtherevelationthatlawbreakinghasreachedintothehighestplacesintheland.Thereisastrongdemandformoralrevivalandforsomedevotionthatisvastenoughandyetpersonalenoughtoenlistthedevotionofall.Inthepastithasbeenonlyinawarindefenseoftheirowncountryandtheirownidealsthatanypeoplehavebeenabletodevotethemselveswholeheartedly.

Thisisthefirsttimethatwehavebeenaskedtodefendourselvesandwhatweholddearincooperationwithalltheotherinhabitantsofthisplanet,whosharewithusthesameendangeredairandthesameendangeredoceans.Thereisacommonneedtoreassessourpresentcourse,tochangethatcourse,andtodevisenewmethodsthroughwhichtheworldcansurvive.Thisisapricelessopportunity.

Tograspit,weneedawidespreadunderstandingofthenatureofthecrisisconfrontingus,andtheworld,acrisisthatisnopassingin-convenience,noby-productoftheambitionsoftheoil-producingcountries,noenvironmentalists'merefears,nobyproductofanypresentsystemofgovernment.Whatwefacesistheoutcomeoftheinventionofthelastfourhundredyears.Whatweneedisatransformedlifestyle.Thisnewlifestylecannowdirectlyfromscienceandtechnology,butitsacceptancedependsonansinceredevotiontofindingahigherqualityoflifefortheworld'schildrenandfuturegeneration.

50.Whichconditiondoestheauthorfeelhasnearlydestroyedourcities?

A.Lackoffinancialplanning.

B.Thebreakupofthefamily.

C.Naturaldisastersinmanyregions.

D.Theexcessivegrowthofmotortransportation.

51.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisoneexampleofoutlossofmorality?

A.Disregardforlaw.

B.Lackofdevotion

C.Lackofcooperation.

D.Exploitationofresources.

52.Bycomparingpastproblemswithpresentones,theauthordrawsattentiontothe_________.

A.significanceofthiscrisis

B.inadequacyofgovernments

C.similarityofthepasttothepresent

D.hopelessnessofthesituation

53.Whatcontributiondoestheauthorfeelpeoplemustnowmake?

A.Searchfornewenergysources.

B.Outlawmotortransportation.

C.Acceptanewlifestyle.

D.Adoptanewformofgovernment.

Passage5

Stoppingpersonalandinstitutionalracismwillbenefitracialminoritiesandthewhitemajority.Racismanditsconsequencesultimatelyharmeveryone.

Attacksagainstracismmusttakeplaceontwolevels.First,racistideasmustbeattackedasincorrect.Ideasimplyingtheinferiorityofnonwhites,nomatterhowsubtlytheyarestated,areinevitablyusedtojustcorrectattitudetowardsminorities.

Second,attacksmustalsobemadeonpracticesthat-whetherintendedtodosoornot-contributetothesubordinatestatusofnonwhites.Thismeansfightingdiscriminationandexploitationwherevertheyappearandcallingforpositiveinstitutionalpracticesthatwillup-gradeandprovideopportunitiesforminoritygroupmembers.Movementstoendschoolandhousingsegregationandcoputanendtodiscriminationinemploymentmustonceagainbecomeasimportantasthe1960scivilrightsmovement.Morepeoplemustjoinorcreatecollectiveeffortsagainstracism.

Wemustnotlostsightofthefactthatmanyoftheproblemsfacingminoritygroupmembersaremattersaffectingtensofmillionsofwhitepeopleaswell.Poverty,substandardschooling,unemployment,andpoorhousingarenotonlyorevenprimarilyminorityproblems.Bycallingforsocialchanges,suchasareductionineconomicinequalityandtheexpansionoffreeorlow-costservices,thedifficultsituationofmanywhitesaswellasminoritiescambemeasurablyimproved.Atpresent,improvementintheeconomicandpoliticalpositionofminoritiesisoftenseenasathreattowhites.Theassumptionisthatwhiteswillsufferlossesifnonwhitesmakegainsinemployment,education,andpolitics.Thiswillcontinuetobeaproblemsotongaswebelievethatcompetitionforexistingresourcesandopportunitiesispartofthe"naturalorder".Weneedtobeginignoringthecolorline,sothatallpeoplewithcommonwantsandneedscandevelopstrategiesforchangethroughwhichallcangain.Theonlylosersshouldbethosewhosepowerandprivilegedependonmaintainingracialsegregation.

54.Inordertostopracism_________willbenecessary.

A.changesinpeople'sideas

B.actionstakenbythewhites

C.collectiveeffortsfromdifferentsides

D.Alloftheabove

55.Theauthorpointsoutthatchangingthesituation_________.

A.demandsgreatereffortsfromthenonwhites

B.demandsgreatereffortsfromvariousinstitutions

C.willalsobenefitmanywhitepeople

D.willnotaffectthewhitesinanyway

56.Thepeoplewithracistideasregardmoreequalitybetweendifferentracesas_________.

A.fearfulB.unpractical

C.unfairD.unnecessary

57.Theword"segregation"(Paragraphs3and4)mostprobablymeans______

A.povertyB.separation

C.inequalityD.action

Passage6

InJanuary1985,whentheSienacitycouncilpassedRegulation375,aby-lawwhichdoesnotpermittheuseofprivatemotorvehiclesfromthehistoriccentreofthisbeautifulTascancity,publicopinionwasextremelydivided.

Thenewby-lawwasgreetedenthusiasticallybyanumberofinterestgroups.Environmentalists,worriedaboutthepollutingeffectsofcars;loversofthecity'smedievalandRenaissancearchitecture,angeredbytheconstantdamagedonetothepricelessmonumentsofthecentre;andordinarypeople,tiredofthenoiseanddangercausedbycarsandmotorL7ikesdashingthroughthenarrowlanes,allrejoiced.

Noteveryonewassohappy,however.Shopkeeperswereconvincedthattheirtradewouldsuffer.Fewerpeoplewouldcomeintothecentre,theybelieved,iftheyhadtorelyonpublictransport.Theyarguedthatdeliverieswouldbemoredifficultandthatthecitywouldloseitscharacterandbecomeamuseumwithoutaheart.

Inresponsetotheshopkeepers'concerns,TheSienaChamberofCommerceorganizedaprotestdemonstration.Thelocalnewspaper(part-ownedbyalargedepartmentstoreinthecentreofthecity)carriedarticlescriticizingthedecisionwhilesomepeoplewrotetothecitycouncil,askingittochangeitsdecision.CandidatesstandingfortheelectionstothecitycouncilwhichweretobeheldinDecember1985focusedonasingleissue:tochangeormaintainRegulation375.

TheelectionswerewonbytheSocialDemocrats,apartywhichhadrunItselectioncampaignlargelyontheissueofthemaintenanceofthenewby-law.Thelawstayedinforceandtheuseofthemotorcarandmotor-bikewasnottoreturntothecitycentre.

Asurveycarriedoutin1987showedthattraders'earningsinthehistoriccentreofSienahadincreasedby15percentinrealtermssincethenewlawhadcomeintoforce.Thelocalpaper,whichhadbeensohostiletoRegulation375,nowproudlyboaststhatthecentreofSienahasthesafest,cleanestandquieteststreetsinItaly.Why,theyaskedinarecentnewspaperarticle,don'tthebackwardcitizensofRomeandFlorencepassthesameenlightenedlaws?

58.Theordinarypeoplesupportedthelawbecause______.

A.theairwouldbeclean

B.theywouldbesafer

C.theylikedthcbeautyoftheoldarchitecture

D.theywouldliketoshopelsewhere

59.Regulation375_________.

A.affectedtheshopkeeper'sbusinessesbadly

B.wassuspendedatlast

C.happenedtohaveafavorableeffectonthebusinesses

D.cameintoForcefinallyin1987

60.Thelocalnewspaper__________.

A.feltproudthatitsresist3ncewassuccessful

B.wasgladtoseethefailureofthelaw

C.began,initsturn,tocriticizeothercitiesfornotmakingsimilarlaws

D.begantocriticizetheformeropponentsofthelaw

61.Bysayingthatthecitywould"becomeamuseumwithoutaheart"(Paragraph3)theeopponentsreallymeantthat________

A.businesseswouldlosealotofmoney

B.transportwouldnotcometothecitycentre

C.thecitycentrewouldbedeserted

D.thecitycentrewouldloseitslifeforce

Passage7

TheYucatanPeninsulaisthelandoftheMayanIndians.Thiscivilizationinventedwritingchatisstillunknown.TheydevelopedthearithmeticconceptofzeroyearsbeforeEuropeacquireditfromtheOrient,andtheyknewtheaccuratelengthofayear.TheirearliestcitieswerecarvedfromtherainforestsofGuatemala.ScholarsarestillpuzzledoverthecircumstancesthatledtheMayanstoabandoncitiesandbuildingsthroughoutthecenturies.Thelastgreatcities,builtbetween900and1200A.D.wereinnorthernYucatannearMerida.

ThegreatMayancivilizationcametoanendatChichen-Itza,whichisjustseventy-fivemilesfromMerida.Chichen-Itzawasfoundedabout435A.D.andabandonedseveraltimesbeforetheToltecsconquereditinthe10thcentury.AninterestingMayanstructureistheTempleofthe.Tiger.Nearbyisaballcourt,usedforagameresemblingsoccer.Tolosewasfatal:thelosingcaptainwasbeheadedantihiswifewastakenassecondarywifebythevictor.TherearealsoastronomicalobservatorycalledTempleoftheWarriorsandthesacredwall,wherecross-eyedgirlsweretossedasasacrificetotheraingod.

62.ThegreatMayancivilizationfinished_________.

A.intheOrient

B.inMerida

C.intheforestsofGuatemala

D.atChichen-Icza

63.ThefateofmanyMayanwomenwhowerecross-eyedWasthat__________.

A.theywereburiedalive

B.theirheadswerecutoff

C.theywereusedashumansacrifices

D.theyweregivenasprizesinatheleticcompetition

64.ThelastgreatcitiesoftheMayanswerebuilt_______.

A.between200and600A.D.

B.between900and1200A.D.

C.between435and800A.D.

D.between1300and1800A.D.

65.WhichofthefollowingaccomplishmentsisnotcreditedtotheMayans?

A.Thedevelopmentoftheconceptofzero.

B.Asystemofwritingthatisstillundecoded.

C.Theabilityoftracingthemovementofthesunandtheplanets.

D.Theknowledgeofthelengthofayear.

PartIVClozeTest

Theworldisverydifferentnow.Formanholdsinhis(66)handsthepowertoabolishallformsoffirmsofhumanpovertyandallformsofhumanlife.Andyetthesamerevolutionarybeliefs(67)whichourforebearsfoughtarestill(68)issuearoundtheglobe-----the(69)therightsofmancomenotfromthegenerosityofthestate,butfromthehandofGod.

Wedarenotforgettodaythatwearethe(70)ofthatfirstrevolution.Letthewordgo(71)fromthistimeandplace,tofriendandfoe(72),thatthetorchhasbeenpassedtoanewgenerationofAmericans-borninthiscentury,temperedbywar,disciplinedbyahardandbitterpeace,proudofourancientheritage-andunwillingtowitnessorpermittheslowundoingofthosehumanrights(73)whichthisnationhasalwaysbeencommitted.

Leteverynationknow,whetheritwishesuswellorillthatweshallpayanyprice,(74)anyburden,meetanyhardship,supportanfriend,opposeanyfoe,inordertoassurethesurvivalandthesuccessofliberty.

Tochoseold311ies(75)culturalandspiritualoriginsweshare.wepledgetheloyaltyoffaithfulfriends.United,thereis(76)wecannotdoinahostofcooperativeventures.(77)thereislittlewecando-forwedarenotmeetapowerfulchallengeatoddsandsplit(78).

Tothosenewstateswhomwewelcometotheranksofthefree,wepledgeourwordthatoneformofcolonialcontrolshallnothavepassedawaymerelytobe(79)byafargreaterirontyranny.Weshallnotalwaysexpecttofindthemsupportingtheirownfreedomandtorememberthat,inthepast,thosewhofoolishly,soughtpowerbyridingthebackofthetigerended(80)inside.

Tothosepeoplesinthehutsandvillagesacrosstheglobestrugglingtobreakthebondsofmassmisery,wePledgeourbesteffortstohelpthemhelpthemselves,for(81)periodisrequirednotbecausetheCommunistsmaybedoingit,notbecauseweseektheirvotes,butbecauseitisright.

Letallourneighborsknowthatweshalljoinwiththemto(82)aggressionorsubversionanywhereintheAmericas.Andleteveryotherpowerknowthatthisopposehemisphereintendstoremainthemasterofits