人教版（2019）必修第三冊復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案 UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES

UNIT2MORALSANDVIRTUES基礎(chǔ)默寫Ⅰ.核心單詞——寫其形1.virtuen.高尚的道德；美德；優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)2.faintvi.昏倒；暈厥adj.不清楚的；微弱的3.preciousadj.珍稀的；寶貴的4.unionn.協(xié)會；聯(lián)合會；工會5.hirevt.聘任；雇用；租用n.租借；租用6.colleaguen.同事；同僚7.clinicn.診所；門診部8.farawayadj.遙遠(yuǎn)的9.decaden.十年；十年期10.elsewhereadv.在別處；去別處11.publishvt.發(fā)表（作品）；出版12.staffn.員工；全體職員13.feen.專業(yè)服務(wù)費；報酬14.principlen.道德原則；法則；原則15.passiveadj.被動的；順從的16.replacevt.接替；取代；更換17.whispervi.&vt.悄聲說；耳語；低語n.耳語（聲）18.midnightn.子夜；午夜19.bitevt.&vi.咬；叮；蜇n.咬20.lipn.嘴唇21.chairmann.主席；主持人；董事長22.waitressn.（餐館的）女服務(wù)員；女侍者23.spillvt.&vi.（使）灑出；（使）溢出24.limpvi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走25.tearn.眼淚；淚水26.despairn.絕望vi.絕望；感到無望27.courtn.（網(wǎng)球等的）球場；法院；法庭28.incomen.收入；收益29.perprep.每；每一30.thereforeadv.因此；所以Ⅱ.拓展單詞——通其變1.illustratevt.（舉例）說明；闡明；給（書或文章）加插圖→illustrationn.插圖；圖解；圖示→illustratorn.插圖畫家2.marriagen.結(jié)婚；婚姻→marryvi.&vt.（和某人）結(jié)婚；嫁；娶3.majoradj.主要的；重要的→majorityn.大部分；大多數(shù)4.complainvi.&vt.抱怨；發(fā)牢騷→complaintn.抱怨5.respondvt.回答；回復(fù)vi.做出反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)→responsen.反應(yīng)；回答；回復(fù)6.scholarn.學(xué)者→scholarshipn.獎學(xué)金7.rejectvt.拒絕接受；不錄用→rejectionn.拒絕接受；否決8.appointvt.任命；委派→appointmentn.約會；任命→appointedadj.約定的；指定的9.electvt.選舉；推選→electionn.選舉；推選；當(dāng)選10.tendvt.照顧；照料vi.傾向；趨于→tendencyn.趨勢；趨向11.retirevt.&vi.退休；退職；退出→retiredadj.退休的→retirementn.退休12.savevt.救vi.&vt.節(jié)省；儲蓄→savingn.節(jié)省物；節(jié)??；節(jié)約；[pl.]儲蓄金；存款13.scarevt.驚嚇；使害怕vi.受驚嚇→scaredadj.害怕的；對……感到驚慌或恐懼的→scaryadj.恐怖的；嚇人的14.sharpadj.（增長、下跌等）急劇的；鋒利的；明顯的→sharplyadv.急劇地；嚴(yán)厲地→sharpenvt.削尖；磨快vi.&vt.（使）提高15.energyn.精力；活力；能量→energeticadj.精力充沛的；充滿活力的16.accidentn.事故；車禍；失事→accidentaladj.意外的；偶然的→accidentallyadv.意外地；偶然地17.operatevi.工作；運轉(zhuǎn)；動手術(shù)vt.操作→operationn.手術(shù)；企業(yè)；經(jīng)營→operatorn.操作員18.assistvt.幫助；援助→assistancen.幫助；協(xié)助→assistantn.助手；助理；售貨員19.memoryn.記憶力；回憶→memorize/memorisevt.記住；記憶20.harmn.&vt.傷害；損害→harmfuladj.有害的→harmlessadj.無害的21.flexibleadj.靈活的；可變通的→flexiblyadv.靈活地→flexibilityn.靈活性22.tenseadj.緊張的；擔(dān)心的；令人緊張的→tensionn.緊張關(guān)系；緊張；焦慮Ⅲ.閱讀單詞——曉其意1.moraladj.道德的；道義上的n.品行；道德；寓意2.dilemman.進退兩難的境地；困境3.entrustvt.委托；交付4.physiciann.醫(yī)師；（尤指）內(nèi)科醫(yī)生5.kindergartenn.學(xué)前班；幼兒園6.insurancen.保險；保險業(yè)7.importn.進口；進口商品vt.進口；輸入；引進8.exportn.出口；出口商品vt.出口；輸出；傳播9.polen.（行星的）極；地極10.lapn.（坐著時的）大腿部；（跑道等的）一圈11.chainn.一連串（人或事）；鏈子；鏈條12.cafén.咖啡館；小餐館13.pregnantadj.懷孕的；妊娠的14.disguisevt.裝扮；假扮；掩蓋n.偽裝；化裝用具15.maplen.楓樹；槭樹16.cartn.手推車；運貨馬車17.mightn.力量；威力18.fablen.寓言；寓言故事Ⅳ.核心短語——明搭配1.carrysb.throughsth.幫助某人渡過難關(guān)2.tendtodosth.易于做某事；往往會發(fā)生某事3.playakeyrole發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用4.carefor關(guān)心5.beresponsiblefor對……負(fù)責(zé)6.beknownas作為……而出名7.inone’slifetime在某人一生中8.passaway去世9.inmemoryof作為對……的紀(jì)念10.tripover被……絆倒11.intears流著淚；含著淚12.indespair處于絕望中13.agreatdeal（of）大量14.lookinto調(diào)查；研究15.complainabout抱怨Ⅴ.經(jīng)典句式——會運用1.Toapersonnothingismorepreciousthantheirlife...（"否定詞＋比較級"表示最高級意義）對一個人來說，沒有什么比他們的生命更加寶貴的了……2.Sheresponded，"I’dratherstaysingletostudyallmylife！"（wouldratherdo）她回答說："我寧愿保持單身來學(xué)習(xí)一輩子！"3.ThenewPeople’sRepublicofChinasawDrLinQiaozhiplayingakeyrole.（see意為"見證"的擬人用法）新中國見證了林巧稚醫(yī)生發(fā)揮了重要的作用。4.ThoughLinQiaozhinevermarried，shewasknownasthe"motheroftenthousandbabies"，havingdeliveredover50，000babiesinherlifetime.（havingdone作狀語）盡管林巧稚從未結(jié)婚，但她被稱為"萬嬰之母"。她一生中接生了5萬多個嬰兒。5.DrLindidnotretireuntilthedayshedied，22April1983.（not...until）林醫(yī)生直到1983年4月22日去世那天才退休。語境自測Ⅰ.單詞拼寫（用本單元詞匯）1.Asisknowntous，it’savirtue（美德）togiveahandtothoseinneed，especiallyinsuchacompetitiveandstressfulsociety.2.Shewonthescholarship（獎學(xué)金）forherremarkableperformance.3.Ican’twaittoseizethisprecious（寶貴的）opportunitytoimprovemyself.4.Hegaveupthestrugglewithhisshortcomingsindespair；however，hefoundabrighterfuturelater.5.Firstofall，it’seasiertoreplaceitthantospendtimeandmoneyrepairingit.6.Theyoungwomanisoperatingastoreofherown，soshehasratherflexibleworkinghours.Shecancomeatanytime.7.Inthepastfewdecades，greatprogresshasbeenmadeinthefieldofspaceexploration.8.Weelectedhimasmonitorofourclassbyvoting.Ⅱ.用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Hetriedtojointhearmybutwasrejectedbecauseofhisrejectionofmedicalexaminations.（reject）2.GirlsmajoringinEnglishLiteratureinourdepartmentareinthemajority.（major）3.Theboyisalwaysenergetic.I’mcurioustoknowwherehisenergycomesfrom.（energy）4.Hecomplainedtousthathiscomplaintaboutthepoorserviceoftherestauranthadbeenignored.（complain）5.Wewereallscaredtodeathwhenwefoundthegroundwasshaking.It’ssoscary?。╯care）6.ThegrouphastomemorizeapoeminmemoryofthegreatleaderbynextMonday.（memory）7.Doctorsoperatedontheinjuredpersonimmediately，andtheoperationwasverysuccessful.（operate）8.Whenthemanagerneededsomeonetoassisthim，hisassistant（s）cametohisassistance.（assist）Ⅲ.用方框內(nèi)短語的適當(dāng)形式完成句子inmemoryoftendtodotripovercarrysb.throughagreatdealof1.MrsMeredithwasamostkindandthoughtfulwoman.Shespentagreatdealoftimevisitingthepoor.2.Whenpeoplebeginanewstageoflife，theytendtodosomethingdifferent.3.Wewillbuildamonumentinmemoryofthosewhosacrificedtheirlivesforourcountry.4.It’stough，andwe’rerelyingonyoutocarryusthrough.5.HetriedtofollowJack’sfootstepsinthesnowbuttrippedoverastone.Ⅳ.句式仿寫1.當(dāng)我筋疲力盡的時候，沒有什么比聽莫扎特的音樂更讓我高興的了。（"否定詞＋比較級"表示最高級意義）NothinggivesmemorepleasurethanlisteningtoMozart’smusicalpieceswhenI’mexhausted.2.他寧愿放棄這個機會也不愿意傷害別人。（wouldratherdo）Hewouldrathergiveuptheopportunitythanhurtothers.3.這個又老又破的體育場已經(jīng)見證了他們從童年起二十年的悲歡。（see意為"見證"的擬人用法）Thisoldandshabbystadiumhasseentheirsadnessandjoyfortwentyyearssincechildhood.4.把碎片粘在一起后，查爾斯表現(xiàn)得像平常一樣，焦急地等待著他父親的歸來。（havingdone作狀語）Havinggluedthebrokenpiecestogether，Charlesactedasnormal，waitingforhisfather’sreturnanxiously.5.直到那時，我才意識到寬恕的重要性。（not...until）Ididn’trealizetheimportanceofforgivenessuntilthen.LifeisprecioustoLinQiaozhi，whohaddeliveredover50，000babiesinherlifetime.Whenpeopleentrustedherwiththeirlives，itwashervirtuethatcarriedherthroughdecadesofhardchoices.Whenshewas18，shechosetostudymedicineinsteadofenteringintoamarriagelikethemajorityofgirls.Unfortunately，herbrotherrespondednegativelytoherchoice，complainingaboutthehightuitionfees.However，nothingcouldscareheroff.Aftergraduation，LinQiaozhiwonascholarshipandwasappointedasaresidentphysicianinafamoushospital.Afterafewyears，shewassenttostudyinEuropeandthentheUS，whereshegreatlyimpressedhercolleagues，whoinvitedhertostaybutwererejected，forshewasdeterminedtoreturntoChina.Thenduringthewar，sheopenedherownclinictoshieldtheinjuredfromharm.AfterthefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina，shewaselectedtomanyimportantpositions，butthisdidn’tweakenherinterestatallintendingpatientsandtrainingthenextgenerationofdoctorswhocouldreplaceher.DrLindidn’tretireuntilthedayshepassedaway.Duringherwholelife，DrLinpublishedagreatdealofmedicalresearch，leavingmassivewealthtotheworld，andhersavingswereusedonchildrenandmedicaldevelopment.Inmemoryofhercontributions，amemorialparkwasbuiltin1984onKulangsuIsland.1respondvt.&vi.回答，回復(fù)（reply）vi.作出反應(yīng)，回應(yīng)（react）1.[外研選必②－6]Temperaturesarerising，andnationsarefailingtorespondtoit.2.[譯林選必④－2]Moreimportantly，whetheryouapproveofthespeaker’swordsornot，youneedtobehonestinyourresponse（respond）.3.我寫信是響應(yīng)網(wǎng)站上發(fā)布的通知，申請一份城市籃球比賽的志愿工作。 （申請信）I’mwritingtoapplyforavoluntaryjobintheCityBasketballCompetitioninresponsetothenoticepostedonthewebsite.★respondto...（with...）（以……）回答/響應(yīng)……★responsen.回答，答復(fù)；反應(yīng)；響應(yīng)inresponseto作為對……的答復(fù)；響應(yīng)2tendvt.&vi.照顧；照料（attendto，carefor，lookafter，takecareof）vi.往往會；傾向；趨于1.[譯林必修②－2]Ithasalsobeenproventhatactivepeopletendtohave（have）betterimmunesystemsandareatlowerriskofdiseases.2.Thereisawidespreadtendency（tend）thatmoreandmoreyoungpeoplechooseonlineshoppingratherthangotobrick-and-mortarstores（實體店）tobuywhattheylike.（引入話題）此處that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，作tendency的同位語。3.EverytimeIgettiredofstudying，tending（to）theflowers（照料花兒）onthebalconymakesmefeelenergeticagain.主句謂語為makes，所以空處應(yīng)填非謂語形式作主語，且此處表示習(xí)慣性的動作，所以用v-ing作主語。4.然而，許多人往往會以成敗論英雄。→①However，manypeopletendtojudgeapersonbyhis/hersuccessorfailure.（tend）→②However，manypeoplehaveatendencytojudgeapersonbyhis/hersuccessorfailure.（tendency）★tend（to）sb./sth.照料某人/某物tendtodosth.往往會發(fā)生某事；易于做某事tendto/towards...趨向于……★tendencyn.傾向；趨勢haveatendencytodosth.有做某事的傾向tendencyto/towards...……的傾向★其他表示"趨勢"的詞：trend，current，tide3scarevt.驚嚇；使害怕vi.受驚嚇1.Someparentstrytoscaretheirnaughtychildrenintobehavingthemselves.2.Afterwatchingascaryfilm，shewasscaredinthedarkatmidnight.（scare）3.[外研選必①－1]Althoughsheisclearlystillinsomepain，herscared（scare）andanxiouslookhasbeenreplaced—firstbyasmallsmile，andthenbyloudlaughter...4.Scaredoflosingcontroloftheirlife，somepeopletendtofollowthepaththatotherssuggestbecausetheyarescaredtofail（fail）.5.WhenIrealizedthatthebearwascomingbacktoattackus，Iwasnearlyscaredtodeath（幾乎要嚇?biāo)懒耍?（讀后續(xù)寫之心理描寫）★scaresb.away/off把某人嚇跑scaresb.intodoingsth.恐嚇某人做某事★scaredadj.害怕的bescaredof（doing）sth.害怕（做）某事bescaredtodosth.害怕做某事bescaredtodeath害怕得要死★scaryadj.恐怖的，嚇人的4replacevt.接替；取代；更換；把……放回原處1.結(jié)合語境寫出下列句子中畫線部分的含義①Youhavetoreplacethebooksontheshelvesbeforeyouleave. 把……放回原處②[譯林必修②－2]Inresponsetopublicinterest，ouraerobicsclasshasbeenreplacedwithseveralfunoptions，includingmoderndance. 取代2.我強烈推薦我的朋友李明，他是最適合下周代替鮑勃的人。 （推薦信）IstronglyrecommendmyfriendLiMing，whoisthemostsuitablepersontoreplace/taketheplaceofBobnextweek.★replaceA（with/byB）（用B）接替/取代A★replacementn.[U]替換，更換；[C]替代品replaceableadj.可替換的；可代替的★"代替，取代"的其他表達：inplaceofsb.＝inone’splacetakeone’splace＝taketheplaceofsb.5harmn.&vt.傷害；損害1.[北師選必①－3]High-tensionpowerlines，aswellasclear-cutcorridors，pipelines，roadsofrocksandpaintedlinesonthegrounddonoharmtoanimals.2.NotonlycontinuedAntarctictourismbutalsotheintroductionofsomeharmful（harm）foreignthingscouldthreatenthebalanceofthelocalecosystem. （環(huán)境保護）3.Theexperiencedphysicianprescribedthepregnantwomansomemedicineharmless（harm）toherbaby.句意：醫(yī)生給孕婦開了一些對孩子無害的藥。高考語法填空題中，若提示詞為名詞，需要變成形容詞時，還要根據(jù)語境看空處是表示否定意義還是肯定意義。4.Thereisnoharminturningoffthelight（關(guān)上燈沒有害處）whenyougoout.5.花太多時間上網(wǎng)會損害我們的視力。 （個人觀點）Spendingtoomuchtimeonlinecanharm/doharmto/beharmfultooureyesight.★dosb.harm/doharmtosb.對某人有害Thereisnoharmindoingsth.做某事沒有害處。★harmfuladj.有害的beharmfulto...對……有害★harmlessadj.無害的6carrysb.through（sth.）幫助某人渡過難關(guān)1.結(jié)合語境寫出下列句子中畫線部分的含義①It’sadifficultjobbutshe’sthepersontocarryitthrough. 成功完成（工作）②Inthepasttoughyears，hisdeterminationhascarriedhimthrough. 幫助他渡過難關(guān)through可以作介詞，后接名詞；也可以作副詞，后不接任何成分。③Hehasprovedhecancarrythroughonhispromises. 履行他的承諾2.[外研必修②－6]Carryoutthesurveyandusetheresultstocomeupwithwaystoreducecarbonfootprint.3.[人教必修③－4]Thisisbecausepeoplebelieveintheimportanceofcarryingonspaceexplorationdespitethehugerisks.4.Withhercompanyandcontinualencouragement，Isuccessfullywentthroughthosetoughyears.→Itwashercompanyandcontinualencouragementthatcarriedmethroughthosetoughyears.（強調(diào)句型）gothrough在此處意為"經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受（尤指苦難或艱難時期）"，除此之外，還可表示"檢查；通讀，查閱；（法律、協(xié)議、決定）獲得通過"。5.大海的氣味勾起了她童年的回憶。Thesmelloftheseacarriedherbacktoherchildhood.★carrysth.through成功完成某事carrythrough（on/withsth.）履行（承諾）★carryon繼續(xù)，堅持；繼續(xù)移動carryoutsth.履行（諾言）；執(zhí)行/完成（計劃、研究等）carrysb.back（tosth.）使某人回想起（某事）；使某人回憶（某事）7inmemoryof作為對……的紀(jì)念1.Thetextissoimportantthatweshouldmemorize/memorise（memory）it.-ize（-ise）為常見的動詞后綴，如modernize，industrialize，globalize等。2.Wewillholdaseriesofactivitiesinmemoryofthosebravefirefighters（紀(jì)念那些勇敢的消防隊員）.類似的"in＋n.＋of"型短語還有：inpraiseof稱贊，歌頌；incelebrationof慶祝；insearchof尋找；infavourof支持，贊同；inchargeof負(fù)責(zé)，管理；insupportof支持；intermsof就……而言；inaidof為幫助；inhonourof向……表示敬意；inneedof需要。★memorise（NAmEmemorize）vt.記住，熟記memorableadj.值得紀(jì)念的，難忘的memorialadj.紀(jì)念的，悼念的n.紀(jì)念碑；紀(jì)念物8agreatdeal（of）大量1.Agreatdealofnervoustensionbeforetheperformanceoftenleads（lead）toatotalmessonstage.2.Thistimehedroveagooddealfaster（fast）sowedidn’tarrivelatelikelastSunday.本句中沒有明顯的比較級標(biāo)志詞than，但由句首的Thistime和so后的句子可知此處暗含比較意義，且空前有agooddeal修飾，故填fast的比較級。常見的修飾比較級的詞還有any，much，even，far，alot等。3.Youradviceandguidancemeanagreat/gooddealtous（對我們意義重大）intheEnglishDramaFestival. （感謝信）4.我花了大量時間閱讀您推薦的相關(guān)文獻，從中學(xué)到了很多。 （感謝信）Ispentagreat/gooddealoftime（in）readingrelevantliteratureyourecommended，fromwhichIhavelearnedagreat/gooddeal.★agreat/gooddealof＋n.[U]＋v.（單數(shù)）agreat/goodmanyof＋n.[C]＋v.（復(fù)數(shù)）★agreat/gooddeal（副詞短語）可修飾adj./adv.比較級，也可修飾v.。agreat/gooddeal（名詞短語）意為"大量，許多"，作主語或賓語。9"否定詞＋adj./adv.比較級"表示最高級意義1.如果您能抽出一點時間給我一些指導(dǎo)，我將不勝感激。 （求助信）Icouldn’tbemoregratefulifyoucouldsparesometimetogivemesomeguidance."不勝感激"還可以用"Ican’tthankyouenough"表達。2."我從來沒吃過比這更美味的早餐了！"媽媽滿意地回答道。"I’veneverhadamoredeliciousbreakfastthanthis！"Momrepliedinasatisfiedvoice.★此結(jié)構(gòu)常譯為"沒有比……更……，再……不過了"?！锍Ｓ玫姆穸ㄔ~有nothing，no，not，never，nobody等。10wouldratherdosth.寧愿做某事1.It’ssohotoutside！Iwouldratherstay（stay）athomedoinghousework.2.[外研選必②－3]Afterall，howmanyofustodaywouldrathersendamessagepackedwithemojisthanmakeatelephonecall？3.如今，人們寧愿用高科技產(chǎn)品來交流和消磨時間，也不愿與朋友及家人出去?！貼owadays，peoplewouldrathercommunicateandkilltimebyusinghi-techproductsthangooutwithfriendsandfamilies.（wouldrather）→②Nowadays，peopleprefertocommunicateandkilltimebyusinghi-techproductsratherthangooutwithfriendsandfamilies.（prefer）★wouldrather為情態(tài)動詞短語，后接動詞原形?！飛ouldratherdosth.thandosth.（＝woulddosth.ratherthandosth.＝prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.）寧愿做某事也不愿做某事一對反義前綴：in-（im-）&ex-本單元：im-（向內(nèi)）＋port（港口）→進入港口內(nèi)→import進口ex-（向外）＋port（港口）→到港口外→export出口拓展：從下列方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，并用其正確形式填空。insideincludeinvolveexpressexposeexact1.[人教必修②－4]Anidiomisanexpressionwhichmeanssomethingdifferentfromthemeaningoftheindividualwords.2.[人教選必③－2]Forexample，someofthemmaybecomeinvolvedintobaccooralcoholabuse，whichcanleadtophysicalandmentalhealthproblems.be/become/getinvolvedin...專心/沉迷于……。注意involve和include的區(qū)別：involve表示"包含；牽涉；（使）參加"，而include表示"包含；使成為……的一部分"。3.[北師必修③－9]Countriesneedtothinkaboutwaystoinspireinterestforboysinreadingandensurethattheyareexposedtoawidevarietyofdifferenttypesofliteraturefromayoungage.4.[人教必修①－1]Designaneye-catchinglogoforyourclubandmakeaposterincludingtheclub’sname，slogan，andlogo.5.[人教必修①－5]ChinesecalligraphyhasdevelopedalongwithChina’scivilisation.Itisdifficulttosaywhenexactlycalligraphystarted.6.[人教選必③－4]Ittookhimalotofenergytomovealltheitemsoffurnitureinsidethehouse.Ⅰ.語法填空——詞形轉(zhuǎn)換、固定搭配、易錯動詞變形1.[2023全國乙]Thereisalsoresearchshowingthatpotplantscancleantheairaroundthembyremovingharmful（harm）gases，suchascarbondioxide.2.[2023浙江1月]Mosttrainsoperate（operation）justonceadayandsomerunonlythreetimesaweek，somissingyourscanbeadisaster.operate為多義詞，作及物動詞時意為"操作，控制，使運行"，作不及物動詞時意為"運轉(zhuǎn)，工作；經(jīng)營，營業(yè)；動手術(shù)"。此處意為"運轉(zhuǎn)，工作"。3.[2022新高考Ⅰ]Ibit（bite）backmyfrustration（懊惱）.Iknewthecoachmeantwell—hethoughthewasdoingtherightthing.bitebacksth.表示"忍住不說出某事，不流露情感"。4.[2022新高考Ⅱ]Weofferscholarships（scholar）tolow-incomeschoolsandyouthorganizations，subjecttoavailability.scholarship作"獎學(xué)金"講時為可數(shù)名詞，空前沒有限定詞，故要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。besubjectto表示"視……而定；服從于；可能受……影響的"，subjecttoavailability表示"視情況而定"。5.[2022新高考Ⅱ]Roadaccidents，whichhadfallenforyears，arenowrisingsharply（sharp）.6.[2022全國甲]AndtheninlateNovember，Tillyhadanoperationonherleg.haveanoperation＋on＋人或身體部位，表示給某人或身體部位做手術(shù)。表示"輕拍（pat）或打（hit）某身體部位"時也用介詞on，如：Hisfatherpattedhimonhisshoulder.他父親輕輕地拍了他的肩膀。Shehitmeonmyheadwithanumbrella.她用雨傘打我的頭。7.[2022北京]Myperfectionisttendencies（tend）werethemainrootofthis：IwantedtobeperfectatwhateverIdid，whichobviouslyinlifeisnotpossible，butitconsumedme.句意：我的完美主義傾向是這一點的主要根源：我想在我做的任何事情上都做到完美，這在生活中顯然是不可能的，但它消耗了我的精力。8.[2020新高考Ⅰ]Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners，whowilleachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart’sfinalflight.9.[2020新高考Ⅱ]Torememberallthequestionsyouhavewhenyouarenotinthedoctor’soffice，writethemdownandbringthelistwithyoutoyourappointment（appoint）.10.[2020江蘇]Somepeople—andIwasoneofthem—believethathumorouscomplaints（complain）aboutthelittleproblemsoflifemakehumor，andsometimesthatisthecase.11.[全國Ⅱ]There’stension（tense）andanxietyfromthebeginningasNickandAmybattleforyourtrust.12.[全國Ⅱ]HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistant（assist）inclasswhosecreativitywouldinfect（感染）otherstudents.Ⅱ.閱讀理解——一詞多義、熟詞生義1.A.鋒利的 B.敏銳的C.（人或語言）尖銳的 D.急劇的①[2023全國甲]TheSocratesExpressisafun，sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypullsthemindeeperthoughtsondesire，loneliness，andaging.C句意：《蘇格拉底快車》是一本有趣而尖銳的書，它因顯而易見的簡單而吸引讀者，并逐漸將他們帶入對欲望、孤獨和衰老的更深層次的思考中。②[2021北京]Igotaseatoppositeamiddle-agedmanwithsharpeyes，whokeptwatchingayoungwomaninawindowseatwithalittleboyonherlap. B③[2020浙江]...whilesmartlightscanbeparticularlybeneficialforsomecities，othersaresojammedthatonlyasharpreductioninthenumberofcarsontheroadwillmakeameaningfuldifference. D④[江蘇高考]Thushumanswholivedamillionyearsago，despitetheirbigbrainsandsharpstonetools，livedinconstantfearofmeat-eatinganimals. A句中who引導(dǎo)定語從句，despite...作讓步狀語。句意：因此，生活在100萬年前的人類，盡管擁有巨大的大腦和鋒利的石器，還是一直生活在對食肉動物的恐懼中。2.[2020浙江]Thelambhadbecomeseparatedfromitsmother，soIjumpedoutofthetractortotendtoitwhileDonstayedinhisseat. v.照顧，照看tend還有"傾向，趨于"的意思，如：Priceshavetendedupwardsoverrecentyears.近年來物價趨于上升。3.[全國Ⅲ]Iwishtohaveachainofcafesinmanydifferentcities.Eachofmycafeswillhaveadifferentthemeandauniquestyle. n.連鎖商店achainofcafes表示"連鎖咖啡店"，也可以用acafechain來表示。4.[浙江高考]Soshehiredatrucktobringallthebookstothehousesoffriendsinthesuburbs（郊區(qū)）. v.租用Ⅲ.寫作——基礎(chǔ)寫作、讀后續(xù)寫寫作一基礎(chǔ)寫作——值得尊敬和愛戴的人[2020全國Ⅰ]你校正在組織英語作文比賽。請以身邊值得尊敬和愛戴的人為題，寫一篇短文參賽，內(nèi)容包括：1.人物簡介；2.尊敬和愛戴的原因?！?qū)懽饕c1.我身邊最受尊敬的人是李老師，她道德高尚，教學(xué)經(jīng)驗豐富。（moral）ThemostrespectedpersonaroundmeisMsLi，amoralwomanwithrichteachingexperience.2.為了解釋她的觀點，她往往嘗試各種新方法，使她的課堂生動有趣。（illustrate，tend）Toillustrateherpoints，shetendstotryvariousnewways，makingherclasseslivelyandinteresting.3.她內(nèi)心深處有一個原則，即任何一個學(xué)生都不應(yīng)被忽視，尤其是當(dāng)他/她對學(xué)習(xí)表現(xiàn)出消極態(tài)度時。（principle，passive）Thereisaprincipledeepinherheartthatnotasinglestudentshouldbeignored，especiallywhenhe/sheshowsapassiveattitudetowardsstudy.4.她總是及時回應(yīng)我們，并以極大的耐心幫助我們找到解決方法。（respond，assist，agreatdealof）Shealwaysrespondstousintimeandassistsustofindasolutionwithagreatdealofpatience.5.正是李老師帶領(lǐng)我們度過了三年緊張的時光，這三年也見證了我們成績的大幅提高。（carrysb.through，sharp）ItisMsLiwhohascarriedusthroughthosethreestressfulyears，whichhavewitnessedasharpriseinourgradesaswell.◎連句成篇請運用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞將以上寫作要點串聯(lián)成一篇語意連貫的短文。ThePersonIRespectWehavealotofrespectablepeoplearoundus.ThemostrespectedpersonaroundmeisMsLi，amoralwomanwithrichteachingexperience.Firstofall，thoughshehasbeenteachingEnglishfortwentyyears，sheisstillpassionateaboutteaching.Toillustrateherpoints，shetendstotryvariousnewways，makingherclasseslivelyandinteresting.Inaddition，thereisaprincipledeepinherheartthatnotasinglestudentshouldbeignored，especiallywhenhe/sheshowsapassiveattitudetowardsstudy.Whenfacedwithaproblem，weareneverscaredtoturntoherforhelp.Shealwaysrespondstousintimeandassistsustofindasolutionwithagreatdealofpatience.ItisMsLiwhohascarriedusthroughthosethreestressfulyears，whichhavewitnessedasharpriseinourgradesaswell.Allinall，shedeservesourrespect.寫作二讀后續(xù)寫——情感描寫之后悔與內(nèi)疚積累背誦仿寫運用單詞guilt，regret；guilty，regretful根據(jù)左欄素材完成下列各句1.他非常遺憾地嘆了口氣，說道："你來得太晚了，安妮已經(jīng)離開了。"Hesighedwithdeepregretandsaid，"Youaretoolate.Annehasalreadyleft."2.當(dāng)我聽到這個壞消息時，我不由自主地感到一陣悔恨。Uncontrollably，awaveofregretwashedovermeasIheardthebadnews.3.但與此同時，內(nèi)疚感涌上了我的心頭。Butatthesametime，asenseofguiltcameoverme.4.我在窗邊坐了很久，眼含后悔的淚水。要是我沒有騙他該多好。Isatatthewindowforalongtime，withregretfultearsinmyeyes.IfonlyIhadn’tliedtohim.（with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)；ifonly）5.他想到自己是如何對待父親的，感到非常愧疚。Hefeltextremelyguilty/wasfullofguiltwhenthinkingabouthowhehadtreatedhisfather.詞組1.beoverwhelmedbyfeelingsofguilt愧疚難當(dāng)2.asenseofguilt內(nèi)疚感3.feelguiltyabout對……感到內(nèi)疚4.awaveofregret一陣悔恨5.muchtoone’sregret令某人深感遺憾的是6.withdeep/greatregret非常遺憾地7.aregretfulgoodbye/glance/smile遺憾的告別/悵然的一瞥/充滿歉意的微笑8.withregretfultearsinone’seyes眼含后悔的淚水佳句1.Itwasatthatmomentthatarippleofregretwelledupinsideme.HowIwishedIhadn’tsaidthosewords！就在那時，我的心中涌起了一陣陣懊悔。我真希望我沒有說那些話！2.HearingwhatIsaid，hestormedoutoftheroom，leavingmedumbwithdeepregret.聽到我說的話，他憤怒地沖出了房間，留下我啞口無言，后悔不已。一、閱讀理解A[2023江西南昌一模]WangariMaathai，the2004NobelPeacePrizewinner，oncetoldastoryofahummingbird.Whenaforestfirebrokeout，thehummingbirdvolunteeredtodoitsbesttofightthefiredespiteitssmallsizeandlittleimpact，whilelargeranimalsliketheelephantsjustsatbyandwatched.InmanyKenyanpeople’seyes，theyouthgroupKombGreenSolutionsissuchahummingbird.Formedin2017，KombGreenSolutionsisacommunity-basedorganizationinNairobi.Thoughitstartedoffwithnosupportatall，itwasarmedwithapassiontochangetheenvironmentintheirslum（貧民窟）.FredrickOkinda，thegroup’sfounder，saidthatbeforethegroupwasformed，someyoungpeopleinKorogochowereengagedincrimetoearnaliving.Thisalwaysresultedingangfights，withOkindahavinglostmanyfriendstocrime.DuringanupgradingprojectwhereanewbridgelinkingDandoraandKorogochoslumswasbeingbuilt，Okindaandhisco-founderssawanopportunity.Havingworkedascasuallaborersandsecurityofficersfortheproject，theyouthdecidedtocarryonbyrestoringtheriverunderthebridgeonavoluntarybasis."Whenwestarted，ourmainfocuswasthedumpsite（垃圾場）underthebridge，"Okindasaid."Itwasahidingplaceforthievesandaplacewherecriminalswouldgotoconducttheirillegalactivities，sowewantedtocreateagreenandsafeplaceforchildrentoplayandforyoungpeopletorelax."Withlimitedresources，insufficientfundsandanenormoustask，KombGreenSolutionshasslowlybutsurelystartedturningthecity’sKorogochoslumfromaneyesoreintoasafeplacewherechildrencanplayandadultscanlivehealthylives.本文主要講述了一個肯尼亞青年組織KombGreenSolutions努力將貧民窟改變?yōu)橐粋€宜居宜玩耍之地的故事。【詞語積累】upgradev.提高（設(shè)施、服務(wù)等的）檔次，改善；使升級onavoluntarybasis在自愿的基礎(chǔ)上eyesoren.礙眼的建筑，丑陋的東西，令人厭惡的東西1.Whydoestheauthormentionthehummingbirdinparagraph1？A.TointroduceaKenyanyouthgroup.B.ToshowWangariMaathai’stheory.C.Toamusereaderswithafunnystory.D.Tostresstheimportanceofhummingbirds.解析A推理判斷題。從第一段中的"Whenaforestfirebrokeout...littleimpact"和"theyouthgroup...ahummingbird"可以看出，蜂鳥雖小卻敢于承擔(dān)責(zé)任，而KombGreenSolutions正是這樣的組織。因此，作者提到蜂鳥的主要目的在于引出后面要講的KombGreenSolutions，故A項正確。2.WhatmadeOkindastartKombGreenSolutions？A.Savingwildbirds.B.Makingaliving.C.Solvingthedrugproblem.D.Changingthecommunity.解析D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的"itwasarmedwithapassiontochangetheenvironmentintheirslum（貧民窟）"可知，Okinda成立KombGreenSolutions的目的是改變社區(qū)環(huán)境，故D項正確。3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesOkinda？A.Reserved. B.Devoted.C.Polite. D.Honest.解析B推理判斷題。由本文內(nèi)容，尤其是最后一段中的"Withlimitedresources，insufficientfundsandanenormoustask...fromaneyesoreintoasafeplace"可知，在資源有限、資金短缺、任務(wù)艱巨的情況下，Okinda還是設(shè)法改變了貧民窟的面貌。由此可以推測，Okinda是一個意志堅定、全身心投入的人，故B項正確。4.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext？A.LivingaHealthyLifeB.ADreamComeTrueC.TransformingtheCitySlumD.VolunteeringinCommunities解析C標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了KombGreenSolutions這一青年組織努力將貧民窟改變?yōu)橐粋€宜居宜玩耍之地的故事，故C項適合做本文的標(biāo)題。B[品德修養(yǎng)/2024重慶育才中學(xué)、西南大學(xué)附中聯(lián)考]JoseAlbertoGutierrez’slifewouldneverbethesameagainafterfindingacopyofAnnaKareninabyLeoTolstoyinthegarbage20yearsago.Ithappenedwhenhewasdrivinghisgarbagetruckthroughwealthierneighborhoodsatnightandsawdesertedbooks.Itsparkedhisdesiretostartrescuingbooksfromthegarbage.Hetookhomebetween50and60bookseverymorningafterhisnine-hourshift.Eventually，heturnedhisbookcollectionintoacommunitylibrary.Colombia’scapitalcityofBogotahas13millionresidentsand19publiclibraries.However，theselibrariestendtobefarawayfromwhereruralandpoorercommunitieslive.Theoptionofbuyingnewbooksisnon-existentforfamiliesstrugglingtomakeendsmeet.HavingaccesstoalibraryofbooksandbeingtakenawaytoanotherworldwhileabsorbedinabookisaluxuryforthekidswhovisitGutierrez’slibrary.Gutierrezgrewuppoor，andhisfamilycouldnotaffordtoeducatehimbeyondprimaryschool.Nevertheless，hismotherwasakeenreaderandreadstoriestohimeverynight.HerloveforbooksleftadeepimpressiononGutierrez，whoneverletalackofformaleducationstophimfromreadingclassicsbythelikesofVictorHugo，MarioVargasLlosaandGabrielGarcíaMárquez.Today，hiscommunitylibrary，called"TheStrengthofWords"，occupiesmostofhishomeandispiledfromfloortoceilingwithfictionandnon-fictiontitles.Everythingfromschooltextbookstostorybookscanbefoundinhiscollectionofmorethan20，000books！TheStrengthofWordslibraryopenseveryweekend.Itisnotjustschool-goingchildrenwhoareenjoyingthebenefitsofTheStrengthofWordslibrary.Adultsarealsowelcometoexpandtheirhorizonsanddevelopnewskillstobuildabetterlifeforthemselves.Despitehavingdonesomuchforhiscommunity，Gutierrezisn