UNIT1SectionIVDiscoveringUsefulStructures課件高一英語人教版2019

Unit1CulturalHeritageDiscoveringUsefulStructuresDescribepeopleorthingsingreaterdetailAttheendofthelesson,studentswillbeabletoidentifytheform,meaningandfunctionofrestrictiverelativeclausesbyusingthemethodsofobservation-discovery-induction-practice-applicationuserelativeclausestodescribepeopleorthingsingreaterdetailbothinoralandwrittenway.

LearningobjectivesNote1:定語從句：當(dāng)我們把一個(gè)句子用來做________去修飾一個(gè)_____________時(shí)，這個(gè)句子就稱為定語從句。Note2:被定語從句限定的詞叫做_________,引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫做___________，分別是_______________和___________。定語名詞或者代詞先行詞引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞Review指代內(nèi)容功能（所做成分）是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhose關(guān)系代詞的用法人；物物人人(人/物)的主語,賓語主語,賓語主語,賓語賓語定語作賓語可省作賓語可省作賓語可省可省不可省presentation1.

After

listening

to

the

scientist

who

had

studied

the

problem,

and

citizens

who

lived

near

the

dam,

the

government

turn

to

the

United

Nations

for

help.指人指人主語主語先行詞指代人，且在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，可使用關(guān)系代詞________或者_(dá)_________。whothatObservationLookatthesentencesbelowandunderlinetherelativepronounsandadverbs.presentation2.

Water

from

the

dam

would

likely

damage

a

number

of

temples

and

destroy

cultural

relics

that

were

an

important

part

of

Egypt’s

cultural

heritage.指物主語先行詞指代人，且在限制性定語從句中作主語時(shí)，可使用關(guān)系代詞________或者_(dá)_________。whichthatDiscoveryFindmoresentencescontainingrelativeclausesfromthetextonpage4.1.Notonlyhadthecountriesfoundapathtothefuturethat

didnotrunovertherelicsofthepast,butthey...(Para.5)2.PerhapsthebestexampleisshownbyUNESCO,whichrunsaprogrammethatpreventsworldculturalheritagesitesaroundtheworldfromdisappearing.(Para.6)presentation3.

There

comes

a

time

when

the

old

must

give

way

to

the

new.時(shí)間狀語先行詞在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，可使用關(guān)系副詞________。先行詞在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，可使用關(guān)系副詞________。when4.

Temples

and

other

cultural

sites

were

taken

down

piece

by

piece,

and

then

moved

and

put

back

together

again

in

a

place

where

they

were

safe

from

the

water.地點(diǎn)狀語where5.Thereasonwhyscientistsworkedtogetherdayandnighttorescuethetempleisthattheywantedtopreserveitforthenextgeneration.原因狀語先行詞在定語從句中作原因狀語時(shí)，可使用關(guān)系副詞________。why1.Where引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，先行詞為表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，可用“in,at等介詞+which”來替換。Theschoolwheremystudiesisnearapark.=Theschoolinwhichmystudiesisnearapark.關(guān)系副詞when,where,why的用法Thisistheplace_____(which/where)Ispendmychildhood.Thisistheplace_____(which/where)Ivisitedlastsummer.第一空填where(從句中spend是謂語，mychildhood是賓語where代指theplace在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語)第二空填which(which指代前面的theplace在從句中充當(dāng)visit的賓語)where還可用在表示抽象意義的地點(diǎn)名詞后，如situation,stage,point,case,position,condition,activity,scene,occasion等,意思是“到了某種地步，在某種境況中”。Theaccidenthasreachedtothepointwhereboththeirparentsaretobecalledin.2.When引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，先行詞為表示時(shí)間的名詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，可用“at,in,on,during等介詞+which”來替換。I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheteam.=I’llneverforgettheday

onwhich

Ijoinedtheteam.I'llwillneverforeverthedays______(which/when)wespendtogether.I'llwillneverforeverthedays______(which/when)welivetogetherinthecountry.第一空填which(which指代前面的thedays在從句中充當(dāng)spend的賓語)第二空填when(從句中we是主語，live是謂語，inthecountry是賓語，when指代thedays在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語)3.Why引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，先行詞通常為reason，關(guān)系詞在從句中作原因狀語，可用“for+which”來替換。Doyouknowthereasonwhyheissoupset?=Doyouknowthereason

forwhich

heissoupset?Thesearethereasons

wedoit.Idon'tbelievethereason

hegavemeforhisbeinglate..第一空填why(從句中we是主語，do是謂語，it是賓語，why指代thereasons在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語)第二空填which(which指代前面的thereasons在從句中充當(dāng)gave的賓語)關(guān)系副詞相當(dāng)于被代替的先行詞在從句中作成分wherewhenwhyin,at等介詞+which表示地點(diǎn)的名詞at,in,on,during等介詞+which地點(diǎn)狀語表示時(shí)間的名詞時(shí)間狀語for+whichreason原因狀語由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引導(dǎo)，從句和主句就產(chǎn)生了關(guān)系，融合成了一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句定語從句的位置：InductionDiscussbrieflywithapartnerthemajorfunctionsofthem.Thenmakeashortsummaryinatableormindmap.通常在先行詞后。定語名詞或代詞定語從句本質(zhì)：一個(gè)句子作，緊緊跟在所修飾

（先行詞）的后面定語從句如何和主句連接在一起？關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個(gè)作用:(1)引導(dǎo)定語從句;(2)代替先行詞;(3)在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞指人指物who(主語、賓語)，whom(賓語)，that(主語、賓語),whose(定語)that(主語、賓語),which(主語、賓語)whose(定語)where(地點(diǎn)狀語)when(時(shí)間狀語)why(原因狀語)InductionDiscussbrieflywithapartnerthemajorfunctionsofthem.Thenmakeashortsummaryinatableormindmap.指地點(diǎn)指時(shí)間指原因PracticeRewritethesentencesusingrelativeclauses.Ihavedownloadedthatfreeapp,butitdoesn’tworkwell.Thefreeappwhich/thatIhavedownloadeddoesn’tworkwell.1.Heshowedmeaphotoinhisroom.ItwasaphotoofafamousculturalrelicinEgypt.Thephoto

that/whichheshowedmeinhisroomwasaphotoofafamousculturalrelicinEgypt.1.Whichpronounscanbedeletedinyoursentences?2.Whatistheheadnoun?3.Whatisthefunctionoftheheadnouninthemainclause?4.Whatrelativepronounoradverbshouldbeused?5.Whatisthefunctionofrelativepronounoradverbintherelativeclause?2.TheprojectteamhelpedprotectthenationalparksintheUnitedRepublicofTanzania.Itwasformedbymembersfromfifteencountries.TheprojectteamwhosememberswerefromfifteencountrieshelpedprotectthenationalparksintheUnitedRepublicofTanzania.3.ThistemplewasfirstbuiltduringtheQinDynasty.ThetimewhenthistemplewasfirstbuiltwasduringtheQinDynasty.n.共和國4.WemetaprofessionalarchaeologistattheentrancetotheGreatPyramid.Heexplainedtoustheprocessofbuildingsuchadifficultstructure.adj.&n.職業(yè)的;專業(yè)人員n.入口;進(jìn)入Theprofessionalarchaeologistwho/whom

wemetattheentrancetotheGreatPyramidexplainedtoustheprocessofbuildingsuchadifficultstructure.n.過程vt.處理;加工5.Thedocumentsabouttheculturalrelicsfromoverseasareunderthedesk.Ifoundthemyesterday.Theplacewhere

Ifoundthedocumentsabouttheculturalrelicsfromoverseasyesterdayisunderthedesk.adj.海外的adv.在海外6.Scientistsworkedtogetherdayandnighttorescuethetemplebecausetheywantedtopreserveitforthenextgeneration.Thereason

why

scientistsworkedtogetherdayandnighttorescuethetempleisthattheywantedtopreserveitforthenextgeneration.ApplicationPlayagameofdefinitions.Oneasksthequestionsbelowandtheotheranswersthemwithrelativeclauses.Workouttwomorequestionsofyourown.A:Whatisanexit?B:Anexitisthedoorwhere/throughwhich

youcanleaveabuilding.v.&n.出去;出口GroupWorkA:Whatisalibrary?B:Alibraryisa

placefromwhichyoucanborrowbooks.B:Alibraryisa

placeinwhichyoucanreadbooks/finishyourpaper.B:Alibraryisaplacewhereyoucanread/borrowbooks.2.What’sagoodfriend?(towhom;who)A:Whatisagoodfriend?B:Agoodfriendissomeonetowhomyoucantellyourstress/secret/problems/recommendinterestingbooks.B:Agoodfriendissomeonewho/whomyoucanshareyourhappinessandsadnesswith/getsupportfrom/tellyourstress/secret/problemsto.

Agoodfriendissomeonewhocanhelpyouwhenyouareintrouble/makesyoufeelwarmandsafe3.What’savacation?(duringwhich;when)A:Whatisavacation?B:Avacationisatimeduringwhich

youdon’twork/enjoyuniqueviews/visitfamousculturalheritagesites.B:Avacationisatimewhenyoudon’twork/enjoyuniqueviews/visitfamousculturalheritagesites.4.What’safootballcoach?(fromwhom;who)A:Whatisafootballcoach?B:Afootballcoachissomeonewho

trainsfootballplayers/givesadviceforfootballplayers/leadsfootballteamtopracticetogetherB:Afootballcoachissomeonefromwhom

footballplayersreceivetraining/advice.1.Whatistheyoungestage

apersoncanbeemployed?2.Iwillneverforgettheday

hepassedaway.3.Heistheman

shewenttoEurope.4.Imadealistofthemembers

Ihadreceivedreplies.

Preposition+RelativePronounatwhichonwhichfromwhomwithwhom當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語時(shí)，就出現(xiàn)了“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。作介詞賓語的關(guān)系代詞通常用which或whom,

不能用that。“介詞+which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾指物的先行詞，“介詞+whom”引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾指人的先行詞。介詞+關(guān)系代詞ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid10yuan.Thegirlwithwhomyouworkishisgirlfriend.ThisisthebusinessforwhichIwasresponsible.介詞的選擇

Ⅰ

1.與從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞或形容詞搭配Preposition+

RelativePronoun1.Idon’tlikethewayinwhich/thathespeaks.2.Thebikeonwhichheoftenridesneedsrepairing.3.Idon’tlikethewayinwhichhespeaks.介詞的選擇

Ⅱ2.與先行詞搭配Preposition+

RelativePronounIdon’tliketheway

in

which/that/不填hespeaks.2.與先行詞搭配介詞的選擇

Ⅱ注意：way(方式)為先行詞，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語時(shí)，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用inwhich或that或省略。Preposition+

RelativePronoun1.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,throughwhichwecouldseewhatwashappeninginsidethehouse.2.Villagersheredependonthefishingindustry,withoutwhichtherewon’tbemuchwork.介詞的選擇

Ⅲ3.看句意看前看后看意思Preposition+

RelativePronoun

Isthistheschool

youstudiedtenyearsago?

I’llneverforgettheday

Ifirstmether.

Thereason

shewasabsentwasthatshemissedthetrain.①“介詞+which”有時(shí)可與相應(yīng)的關(guān)系副詞互換inwhich/whereonwhich/whenforwhich/whyPreposition+

RelativePronounThisisthebook

I’mmostinterestedin.②介詞可后置，這時(shí)關(guān)系代詞可省略。Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.③含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語一般不拆開使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,take