新教材2024高中英語Unit3SeaExplorationSectionIReadingandThinking同步測(cè)試新人教版選擇性必修第四冊(cè)

PAGESectionⅠReadingandThinking(1)閱讀理解。AJenniferFish,aweatherforecaster,maysoonbereplacedbysomethingtrulyfishier—theshark.ResearchbyaBritishbiologystudentsuggeststhatsharkscouldbeusedtopredictstorms.LauraSmith,24,isclosetocompletingherstudyonsharks’abilitytosensepressure.Ifherstudiesprovethetheory,scientistsmaybeabletomonitorthebehaviourofsharkstopredictbadweather.MissSmithhadpreviouslystudiedthebehaviouroflemonsharksintheBahamas.Shethenusedtheircloserelatives,lesserspotteddogfish(貓鯊),forfurtherresearchattheUniversityofAberdeen.Herwork—thoughttobethefirstofitskindtotestthepressuretheory—resultedfromtheobservationthatjuvenileblacktipsharksoffFloridamovedintodeeperwateraheadofaviolentstormin2001.MissSmithsaid,“I’vealwaysbeencrazyabouttravellinganddivingandthisledmetoaninterestinsharks.”“Iwasdelightedtohavebeenabletoresearchintheareaformydegree.Iknowthere’ssomuchmoreweneedtounderstand—butitcertainlyopensthewaytomoreresearch.”Ithasbeendiscoveredthatasharksensespressureusinghaircellsinitsbalancesystem.AttheBiminiSharkLabintheBahamas,MissSmithfixedhi-techsensorstosharkstorecordpressureandtemperature,whilealsotrackingthemusingBDS(BeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystem)technology.InAberdeen,shewasabletostudytheeffectsoftidal(潮汐的)andtemperaturechangesondogfish—noneofwhichwereharmed.Shealsousedaspeciallabwhichcanmimic(模擬)oceanicpressurechangescausedbyweatherfronts.Sheisduetocompleteherstudyandgraduatelaterthisyear.Shesaysshewillbelookingforajob,whichwillgiveherthechancetoenrichherexperienceofsharkresearch.1.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Ashort-storycollection.B.Apersonaldiary.C.Aresearchpaper.D.Apopularsciencemagazine.解析:推理推斷題。本文是一篇科普說明文,A項(xiàng)“一本短文集”和B項(xiàng)“一本個(gè)人日記”可解除;再?gòu)奈恼碌恼Z言來推斷,并未出現(xiàn)大量的專業(yè)術(shù)語,可解除C項(xiàng)“一篇探討論文”。D項(xiàng)“一本暢銷的科學(xué)雜志”符合題意。故選D。答案:D2.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstfourparagraphsofthetext?A.JenniferFishisnotfitforherjob.B.Sharks’behaviourcanbecontrolled.C.Sharksmaybeusedtopredictbadweather.D.LauraSmithwillbecomeaweatherforecaster.解析:細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段“Ifherstudiesprovethetheory,scientistsmaybeabletomonitorthebehaviourofsharkstopredictbadweather.”可知,科學(xué)家們可以通過監(jiān)控鯊魚的行為來預(yù)料壞天氣。故選C。答案:C3.HowdidLauraSmithconductherresearch?A.Bymonitoringsharks’reactiontoweatherchanges.B.Bymeasuringtheairpressureofweatherfronts.C.Byrecordingsharks’bodytemperature.D.Byremovinghaircellsfromashark’sbalancesystem.解析:細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“AttheBiminiSharkLabintheBahamas...trackingthemusingBDS(BeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystem)technology.”可知,勞拉在鯊魚身上安裝高科技感應(yīng)器來記錄壓力和溫度,并利用BDS技術(shù)跟蹤鯊魚,所以她是通過監(jiān)測(cè)鯊魚對(duì)天氣變更的反應(yīng)來進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)的。故選A。答案:A4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Popularwaysofforecastingweather.B.Biologists’interestinthesecretsofsharks.C.Newresearcheffortinpredictingstorms.D.LauraSmith’sdevotiontoscientificresearch.解析:主旨大意題。依據(jù)其次段“ResearchbyaBritishbiologystudentsuggeststhatsharkscouldbeusedtopredictstorms.”可知,全文是圍圍著鯊魚可能被用來預(yù)料暴風(fēng)雨天氣的探討綻開的,所以C項(xiàng)“在預(yù)料暴風(fēng)雨天氣方面的新探討嘗試”符合題意。故選C。答案:CBAnItaliancompanyhascreatedtheworld’sfirstunderwaterfarm.ThestationnamedNemo’sGardenconsistsoffivebiospheres(生物圈)fixedtothebottomoftheseaoffthecoastofSavona,Italy.They’rebeingusedtogrowstrawberries,beans,garlic,andlettuces.“Themaintargetofthisprojectistocreateothersourcesofplantproductioninareaswhereenvironmentalconditionsmakeitdifficulttogrowcropsthroughtraditionalfarming,includinglackoffreshwater,fertilesoil,andextremetemperaturechanges,”saidprojectspokespersonLucaGamberini.Thefivebiospheres,currentlyfloatingbetweendepthsof18and36feet,areconstantlywatchedbyOceanReefGroup—adivingequipmentcompany—fromacontrolcentreondryland.Accordingtovariousnewsreports,theplantsarewateredbydripsofwaterontheinnerwallsofthebiospheres.Withaconstanttemperatureof79degreesdayandnight,andhumidity(濕度)ataround83percent,theconditionsareidealforplantstogrowwell.Thehighamountofcarbondioxidealsoencouragesgrowth.OceanReefpresidentSergioGamberinisaidhecameupwiththeideaofgrowingplantsunderwaterduringasummervacationinItaly.Inhisownwords,hewantedtodosomethingthat’sdifferentandtoshowthebeautyoftheocean.Aftertwoyearsoffailedattempts,theyfinallywereabletogetthesefivebiospheresworking.Theirsuccessmaylaythefoundationforanewformofcropproductionthatcanbedonewithoutharmingtheenvironment.Infact,thebiospheresseemtobeattractingwildlife.Octopuses(章魚)andendangeredseahorsesaretakingshelterunderthestructure,whilecrabs(螃蟹)areclimbinguptheanchorsandintothegreenhouses.Noneofthecreatureshavedamagedtheplantssofar.“It’ssokindofsciencefictiontoseethesetwodifferentformsoflifeinteract,”Gamberinisaid.5.Whywastheunderwaterfarmcreated?A.Tohelpexplorethesea.B.Toprotectseacreatures.C.Toimprovetheseaenvironment.D.Tofindanewwayofgrowingcrops.解析:細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中“Themaintargetofthisprojectistocreateothersourcesofplantproductioninareaswhereenvironmentalconditionsmakeitdifficulttogrowcropsthroughtraditionalfarming”可知,這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的主要目的就是探究新的農(nóng)作物種植方式,特殊是在一些傳統(tǒng)種植比較困難的地方。故海底農(nóng)場(chǎng)的建立就是為了創(chuàng)建新的種植莊稼的方式。故選D。答案:D6.HowdidSergioGamberinigettheideaofgrowingplantsunderwater?A.Bychance.B.Fromsciencefiction.C.Afterreadinganewsreport.D.Aftertwoyearsoffailedattempts.解析:推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段首句“OceanReefpresidentSergioGamberinisaidhecameupwiththeideaofgrowingplantsunderwaterduringasummervacationinItaly.”可知,SergioGamberini是在去意大利度假時(shí)偶然產(chǎn)生了水下種植農(nóng)作物的想法。故選A。答案:A7.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Theplantsinthebiospheresareprotected.B.Thebiospheresareenvironmentallyfriendly.C.Seacreaturesmaydoharmtothebiospheres.D.Seacreaturesliketheplantsinthebiospheres.解析:推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段的描述,尤其是第一句“Infact,thebiospheresseemtobeattractingwildlife.”可知,海底農(nóng)場(chǎng)的建立并沒有破壞環(huán)境,反而吸引來了很多海底的生物。因此,建立的水下生物圈是特別環(huán)保的。故選B。答案:B8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theunderseaexploration.B.Growingplantswithoutsoil.C.Biospheresthatattractwildlife.D.Theworld’sfirstunderwaterfarm.解析:主旨大意題。文章的第一句就提到了本文的大意“AnItaliancompanyhascreatedtheworld’sfirstunderwaterfarm.”(第一個(gè)海底農(nóng)場(chǎng)的建立),然后具體介紹了這個(gè)海底農(nóng)場(chǎng)的相關(guān)狀況。故選D。答案:DCWe’vebeenproducingplasticinhugequantitiessincethe1940s.Drinkbottles,shoppingbags,toiletries(洗漱用品)andevenclothesaremadewithplastic.Weliveinaworldfullofplasticandonlyasmallpartisrecycled.Whathappenstoalltherest?9.Thefilmbeginsasajourneytofilmthelargestanimalontheplanet—thebluewhale.Butduringthejourneythefilmmakersmaketheshockingdiscoveryofahuge,thicklayerofplasticfloating(漂移)inthemiddleoftheIndianOcean.10.Intotal,theyvisited20placesaroundtheworldduringthefouryearstomakethefilm.Therearebeautifulshotsoftheseasandsealifeinthefilm.11.Weseehowseaspeciesarebeingkilledbyalltheplasticwearethrowingintheocean.Themessageaboutouruseofplasticispainfullyobvious.12.Inthesecondhalf,thefilmmakerslookatwhatwecandotodealwiththeproblem.Theypresentshort-termandlong-termsolutions.Theseincludeavoidingplasticcontainersasmuchaspossible.Reuseandrecycleyourplasticbags.Theyalsostresstheneedforgovernmentstoworkmoreonrecyclingprogrammes.Over300milliontonsofplasticareproducedeveryyear,andatleast8millionofthosearethrownintotheoceans.13.Onceyou’veseenAPlasticOcean,you’llrealizethetimeisnowandweallhavearoletoplay.A.Plasticdoesgreatharmtowildlifeontheearth.B.Butthefilmdoesn’tonlypresentthenegativeside.C.ThisisthequestionthefilmAPlasticOceananswers.D.Theresultsaredisastrousbutitisn’ttoolatetochange.E.Now,manyscientistsarepayingmoreattentiontotheoceanpollution.F.Thesearecontrastedwithscenesofpollutedcitiesandtonsofplasticrubbish.G.Thiscausesthemtotravelaroundtheworldtolookatotherareasthathavebeenaffected.9.解析:第一段提出問題,其次段介紹了這部電影,C項(xiàng)承上啟下,選項(xiàng)中“thefilm”和其次段開頭的“Thefilm”是關(guān)鍵詞。答案:C10.解析:依據(jù)上句可知,拍攝者特別震驚地發(fā)覺在印度洋中部漂移著一層又厚又大的塑料垃圾;依據(jù)下句可知,他們總共訪問了世界上20個(gè)地方。G項(xiàng)承上啟下,其中This指代前一句的內(nèi)容,“travelaroundtheworldtolookatotherareas”與下句“20placesaroundtheworld”相呼應(yīng)。答案:G11.解析:依據(jù)上句可知,影片中有很多漂亮的海洋和海洋生物的鏡頭;依據(jù)下句可知海洋生物被我們?nèi)舆M(jìn)海里的塑料殺死。由此推斷F項(xiàng)符合語境,表示上句的情景與被污染的城市和大量的垃圾形成顯明的對(duì)比。答案:F12.解析:本段主要講解并描述拍攝者們?yōu)榱俗兏@一現(xiàn)象而進(jìn)行的挽救手段,選項(xiàng)B表示轉(zhuǎn)折,表示“但是這部影片并不僅僅只是把消極的一面展示出來”。答案:B13.解析:依據(jù)上句可知,每年至少有800萬噸塑料被扔進(jìn)海洋;依據(jù)下句可知,現(xiàn)在是時(shí)候了,我們都要做出努力。由此推斷應(yīng)選D,表示“雖然問題很嚴(yán)峻,但現(xiàn)在變更還為時(shí)不晚”。答案:DReadingandThinking(2)[基礎(chǔ)測(cè)評(píng)]Ⅰ.單句語法填空。1.ThearmyisthecommandofGeneralSmith.

2.Shewithdrewherhandhis.

3.Howdowedelivernewbusinessproductsthroughnew(channel)?

4.Airisa(mix)ofgases.

5.Sowhatisthebestway(negotiate)yourwayintoamobileworklifestyle?

6.Withthenewinformationhand,scientistsshouldbeabletofindbettersolutions.

7.Thereareplans(extend)thesportsfieldinourschool.

8.Therearesome(profession)teachersandtheycanguideyoutodocertainnecessaryexercise.

9.His(fleet)ofshipswerebuiltinNanjingfromwherehealsosetsailonmanyvoyages.

10.Thisistheperfecttime(bond)withyourchild.

答案:1.under2.from3.channels4.mixture5.tonegotiate6.in7.toextend8.professional9.fleets10.tobondⅡ.用方框中所給短語的正確形式填空。setsail,inaleagueofone’sown,negotiatewith,theaimof,forthebenefitof,developrelationswith1.Theythemanagerforanimprovementinworkingconditions.

2.bankingreformistoestablishanindependentfinancialsystem.

3.Asahighschoolstudent,youmuststudyhardyourown.

4.Everyonehasahomeandtheboatoflifefromhere!

5.He’sasuperbasketballplayerand.

6.Chinawillcontinuetoimproveandothercountries.

答案:1.negotiatedwith2.Theaimof3.forthebenefitof4.setssail5.inaleagueofhisown6.developrelationswithⅢ.語法填空。EastorWest,peoplehaveastrongdesire1.(explore)theworld.Inancienttimes,theSilkRoad2.(play)agreatrolein3.(promote)friendlyrelationsandeconomicandculturalexchangesbetweenChinaandAsian,EuropeanandAfricancountries.IntheMingdynasty,thefleets4.thecommandofZhengHewereinaleagueof5.ownatthattime.Today,theSilkandRoadInitiative6.(design)toencouragecooperationandtrade,and7.(strength)thebondsbetweenChinaandtherestoftheworld,8.willhelptoimprovegreatdevelopment.Besides,Chinahasjoinedonotherimportant9.(project)toknowmoreaboutthesea.With10.latesttechnologyinhand,Chinawillreachoutacrosstheseafarintothefuture.

答案:1.toexplore2.played3.promoting4.under5.their6.isdesigned7.strengthen8.which9.projects10.the[提升測(cè)評(píng)]Ⅳ.閱讀理解。Avideoofdolphinsplayinginthewakeofthewavesnearaman-madeisland,eastoftheHongKong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridge,hascaughttheattentionfromnetizensacrossChina.The55-kmHongKong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridgeistheworld’slongestcross-seabridge,connectingthemainlandprovinceofGuangdongwiththecountry’stwospecialadministrativeregions,HongKongandMacao.Duringthenine-yearbridgeconstructionperiod,researchershaveidentifiedandregisteredatotalof2,367dolphins,withnoinjuriesofanydolphinsreported.Accordingtolocalauthorities,thePearlRiverEstuaryChineseWhiteDolphinReservehassupportedmorethan100researchersinstudyingandprotectingthemammalandtrainedthousandsofdolphinwatchers.LuoGuocai,acertificateddolphinwatcher,saidhisdutywastoconducta10-minuteobservationoftheseaeachtimebeforeconstructionstarted.Thedolphinshavetobreatheeveryfewminutesabovethewater,andinordertopreventpotentialharm,thewatcherswouldknockontheirboatafewtimestoscarethemaway.Thepreservationeffortsneverstoppedevenaftertheconstructionwascompleted.“Managerialpersonnelwillcontinuetomonitorthenearbyenvironmentandthedolphinsviaintelligentequipmentincludingthebridgevideosurveillance(監(jiān)控)system,theunderwatertunnel’senvironmentalmonitoringaswellasspeciallyestablishedresearchandobservationstationsontheman-madeislands,”saidYuLie,deputydirectorofthebridgemanagementbureau.“Currently,HongKong,Macao,thecountry’stwospecialadministrativeregions,andGuangdongplantoestablishaconservationallianceforthedolphins,involvingnon-governmentalorganisationsintheroutinerescue,informationsharing,andscientificresearch,”saidChenHailiang,headoftheadministrationofthereserve.“Weareconstructingabiggerrescueandconservationbaseaswellasincreasingtissuesamplesandgenebanksinabidtobetterpreservethedolphinsforgenerationstocome,”Chensaid.1.What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthesecondparagraph?A.Toshowtheinfluenceofthebridge.B.Toannouncetheopeningofthebridge.C.Tointroducethetopicfordiscussion.D.Toaddsomebackgroundinformation.解析:推理推斷題。文章其次段對(duì)大橋的簡(jiǎn)潔介紹只是給文章話題增加一些背景學(xué)問。故選D。答案:D2.Accordingtothetext,whatdoesLuoGuocaido?A.Adolphinresearcher.B.Adirectorofenvironmentalprotection.C.Abridgemaintainer.D.Atraineddolphinwatcher.解析:細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段中的“LuoGuocai,acertificateddolphinwatcher,saidhisdutywastoconducta10-minuteobservationoftheseaeachtimebeforeconstructionstarted.”可知,羅國(guó)才是一位有執(zhí)業(yè)資格的海豚視察者。故選D。答案:D3.WhatcanwelearnfromChenHailiang?A.Thedolphinnumberissteadilyrising.B.Dolphinprotectionneedscooperation.C.Afewinjuriesofdolphinswerereported.D.Thebridgehasnoeffectonthedolphin.解析:推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中的“Currently,HongKong,Macao,...andGuangdongplantoestablishaconservationalliance...”可知,愛護(hù)海豚須要合作。故選B。答案:BⅤ.完形填空。Manyyearsago,IwassailingtoEuropeonafinesailingshipacrosstheAtlantic.Forthegreaterpartofthevoyagewehadpleasantweather,1towardstheendofourcrossingaterriblestorm2andtheshipwouldhavesunkwithallonboardbutfortheeffortsofthecaptain.

Theshipstartedtoleakandbegantofillwithwater.Thesailorswerestrong,ableandwilling.Butafterpumpingforonewholenight,theywerelosingthebattleagainsttherisingwaterandwereonthe3ofgivingup.

Thecaptain,assoonasherealisedthe4,tookcharge.Heorderedthesailorsbacktotheirpumpsandencouragedthemfiercelyto5theship.Hisstrongwilldoubledtheirefforts.Howthemenpumpedlikecrazy!Whenthecaptainpassedbyme,Iaskedhimwhethertherewasanyhopeofsavingtheship.Helookedatme.“Yes,sir,”hesaid.“Whilemyfeetremainstandingabovethewater6,thereishope.NeitherInoranyofthesailorswillleavetheship7itremainsabovethesurfaceofthesea.Weshalldoeverythingwecantosavetheshipandifweshouldfail,itwillnotbeour8.”Thenheturnedtoallthepassengersandshouted,“Tothepumps,everyoneofyou!”

Threetimesduringthatdaywhenwealmostwantedtogiveup,thecaptain’scourage,determinationandironwillforcedusto9,andwewentbacktothepumps.“Iwill10yousafeinLiverpool,”hecried,“ifyoustaystrongandfirmwithme.”

IntheendtheshipsanksoonafteritreachedtheportofLiverpoolbutthecaptaindidlandussafe.Thecaptainstoodattheedgeoftheshiponceitwassafelytieduptothewalloftheportand11thethanksofthepassengersastheyhurriedofftheship.AsIexpressedtohimmy12,heheldmyhandfirmly,lookedintomyeyesandsaid,“Sir,don’tyou13me?”ItoldhimthatIdidnot.“Theboywhoyoufollowedwhenhehadsomuchdifficultyinbuyingageographybook,somethirtyyearsagoinCincinnati?”“Whyyes.I14thatboyverywell.HisnamewasWilliamHartley.”“IamthatsameWilliamHartley.”“Goodness!”Isaid,“WhatgoodfortunethatItravelledwithyouasmycaptain!The15thatthirtyyearsagogotyouthatgeographybookhastodaysavedourlives.”

1.A.and B.butC.however D.so解析:依據(jù)上下文可知,航行時(shí)天氣始終很好,但是(but)在即將結(jié)束的時(shí)候,一場(chǎng)可怕的風(fēng)暴襲來。故應(yīng)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。答案:B2.A.cameacross B.camethroughC.cameout D.cameup解析:comeacross偶遇;comethrough經(jīng)受;comeout出版;comeup出現(xiàn)。依據(jù)上下文可知,一場(chǎng)風(fēng)暴襲來(cameup)。答案:D3.A.point B.edgeC.time D.end解析:但抽了一整夜水后,他們?cè)谂c上漲的水的戰(zhàn)斗中