大學英語六級改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷64（共225題）

大學英語六級改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷64（共9套）（共225題）大學英語六級改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套一、仔細閱讀(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)Heavierpeoplearemorelikelytobekilledorseriouslyinjuredincaraccidentsthanlighterpeople,accordingtonewresearch.Thatcouldmeancardesignerswillhavetobuildinnewsafetyfeaturestocompensatefortheextrahazardsfacingoverweightpassengers.IntheUS,carmanufacturershavealreadyhadtoredesignairbagssotheyinflatetolowerpressures,makingthemlessofadangertosmallerwomenandchildren.Butnooneyetknowswhatitisthatputsoverweightpassengersatextrarisk.AstudycarriedoutinSeattle,Washington,lookedatmorethan26,000peoplewhohadbeeninvolvedincarcrashes,andfoundthatheavierpeoplewereatfarmorerisk.Peopleweighingbetween100and119kilogramsarealmosttwo-and-a-halftimesaslikelytodieinacrashaspeopleweighinglessthan60kilograms.Andimportantly,thesametrendheldupwhentheresearcherslookedatbodymassindex(BMI)—ameasurethattakesheightaswellasweightintoaccount.Someone1.8metrestallweighing126kilogramswouldhaveaBMIof39,butsowouldaperson1.5metrestallweighing88kilograms.PeoplearesaidtobeobeseiftheirBMIis30orover.ThestudyfoundthatpeoplewithaBMIof35to39wereovertwiceaslikelytodieinacrashcomparedwithpeoplewithaBMIofabout20.Itisnotjusttotalweight,butobesityitselfthat'sdangerous.Whiletheydonotyetknowwhythisisthecase,theevidenceisworthpursuing,saysCharlesMock,asurgeonandepidemiologistattheHarborviewInjuryPreventionandResearchCentreinSeattle,wholedtheresearchteam.Hethinksoneanswermaybeforsafetyauthoritiestouseheaviercrash-testdummieswhencertifyingcarsassafetodrive.Crashtestsnormallyusedummiesthatrepresentstandard-sizedmalesweighingabout78kilograms.Recently,smallercrash-testdummieshavealsobeenusedtorepresentchildreninsidecrashingcars.Butlargerandheavierdummiesarenotused.Thereasonsforthehigherinjuryanddeathratesarefarfromclear.Mockspeculatesthatcarinteriorsmightnotbesuitablydesignedforheavypeople.Besides,obesepeople,withhealthproblemssuchashighbloodpressureordiabetes,couldbefoundittoughertorecoverfrominjury.RichardKent,anexpertinimpactbiomechanicsattheUniversityofVirginia,thinksthenewresearchhasestablishedalegitimateconnectionbetweenobesityandsevereinjuryordeath.BecausetheresearchusedBMIdata;ithasnotconfusedtaller(andthereforeheavierthanaverage)peoplewiththosewhoareoverweight.Peoplewhoareobesemightalsobeatriskbecauseseatbeltsdonotholdthemassecurelyinacrash."Forexample,alargeamountoffattissuebetweentherestraintsystemandthebonythoraxactsmuchlikeawintercoat:itintroduces'slack'intotherestraintsystemanddecreasesitsperformance,"Kentsays.1、Thereasonwhyheavypeoplegetinjuredorkilledmoreeasilyintrafficaccidents.A、liesindrunkdrivingB、liesintheairbagC、liesinthesafetybeltD、isnotclearlyknownyet標準答案：D知識點解析：細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段Butnooneyetknowswhatitisthatputsoverweightpassengersatextrarisk．可知體重較重的人比體重較輕的人在車禍中死亡或負重傷的可能性大，但是目前尚不清楚是什么使胖人面臨額外的危險，所以D選項表達正確。2、Whichoneofthefollowingpeopleisthemostlikelytogetkilledinacaraccident?A、Amanwhoweighs60kilograms.B、Amanwhoweighs50kilograms.C、AmanwhoseBMIis35.D、AmanwhoseBMIis20.標準答案：C知識點解析：推斷題。根據(jù)第三、四、五段內(nèi)容可知，體重介于100到119公斤的人在車禍中喪生的可能性幾乎是體重在60公斤以下的人的2．5倍。BMI(人體綜合指數(shù))介于35到39之間的人，其在車禍中死亡的可能性是BMI大約為20的人的兩倍。四個選項中C選項BMI為35的人比其他三人發(fā)生交通事故的可能性大，所以選C。3、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinghasnoconnectionwithobesity?A、Higherrateofdepression.B、Higherdeathrateintrafficaccidents.C、Higherinjuryrateintrafficaccidents.D、Difficultyinrecoveringfromatrafficinjury.標準答案：A知識點解析：推斷題。B、C選項肥胖的人在車禍中死亡、重傷的可能性大．是前文出現(xiàn)過的內(nèi)容；根據(jù)第八段Besides，obesepeople，withhealthproblemssuchashighbloodpressureordiabetes，couldbefindingittoughertorecoverfrominjury．“此外，患有高血壓或者糖尿病的肥胖者，受傷后較難康復?！笨芍嚨満筝^難恢復也和肥胖有關(guān)，D表達正確。只有A選項內(nèi)容文章沒有涉及．所以選A。4、Theword"legitimate"(Line2,Para.9)maybereplacedby.A、lawfulB、reasonableC、casualD、close標準答案：B知識點解析：推斷題。原文第九段該空所在句意為“弗吉尼亞大學研究撞擊生物力學的專家理查德·肯特認為，新的研究已經(jīng)在肥胖癥與重傷或死亡之間建立起了一種關(guān)聯(lián)性”。聯(lián)系下一句內(nèi)容，知道肯特的研究沒有把高個子與超重者混淆，說明他的研究是可信的、成立的，推斷l(xiāng)egitimate意思是“合理的”，與reasonable為近義詞．因此選B。5、Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A、Heavypeopleandlightpeople.B、Newsafetymeasures.C、Obesityandriskindriving.D、Obesityandsafetybelts.標準答案：C知識點解析：主旨題。文章第一、八段都明確表示了文章的主題：體重較重的人比體重較輕的人在車禍中死亡或負重傷的可能性大。而且在其他段落用一系列的調(diào)查、課題研究和領(lǐng)域?qū)＜业膶嵗龑Τ睾徒煌ㄊ鹿实年P(guān)系嘗試做出現(xiàn)有的解釋，C項是對文章大意的概括：肥胖癥與駕車的危險性。因此正確答案為C。Commonindoorplantsmayprovetobeavaluableweaponinthefightagainstrisinglevelsofindoorairpollution.Thoseplantsinyourofficeorhomearenotonlydecorative,butNASAscientistsarefindingthemtobesurprisinglyusefulinabsorbingpotentiallyharmfulgasesandcleaningtheairinsidemodernbuildings.NASAandtheAssociatedLandscapeContractorsofAmerica(ALCA)haveannouncedthefindingsofa2-yearstudythatsuggestthecommonindoorplantmayprovideanaturalwayofhelpingcombat"SickBuildingSyndrome."Researchintotheuseofbiologicalprocessesasameansofsolvingenvironmentalproblems,bothonEarthandinspacehabitats,hasbeencarriedoutformanyyearsbyDr.BillWolverton,formerlyaseniorresearchscientistatNASA'sJohnC.StennisSpaceCentre,BaySt.Louis,Miss.Basedonpreliminaryevaluationsoftheuseofcommonindoorplantsforindoorairpurificationandrevitalization,ALCAjoinedNASAtofundastudyusingaboutadozenpopularvarietiesofornamentalplantstodeterminetheireffectivenessinremovingseveralkeypollutantsassociatedwithindoorairpollution.NASAresearchonindoorplantshasfoundthatlivingplantsaresoefficientatabsorbingcontaminantsintheairthatsomewillbelaunchedintospaceaspartofthebiologicallifesupportsystemaboardfutureorbitingspacestations.Whilemoreresearchisneeded,Wolvertonsaysthestudyhasshownthatcommonindoorlandscapingplantscanremovecertainpollutantsfromtheindoorenvironment."Wefeelthatfutureresultswillprovideanevenstrongerargumentthatcommonindoorlandscapingplantscanbeaveryeffectivepartofasystemusedtoprovidepollutionfreehomesandworkplaces"heconcludes."Plantstakesubstancesoutoftheairthroughthetinyopeningsintheirleaves,"Wolvertonsaid."Butresearchinourlaboratorieshasdeterminedthatplantleaves,rootsandsoilbacteriaareallimportantinremovingtracelevelsoftoxicvapours.""Combiningnaturewithtechnologycanincreasetheeffectivenessofplantsinremovingairpollutants,"hesaid."Alivingaircleaneriscreatedbycombiningactivatedcarbonwithapottedplant.Therootsoftheplantgrowrightinthecarbonandslowlydegradethechemicalsabsorbedthere,"Wolvertonexplains.NASAresearchhasconsistentlyshownthatliving,greenandfloweringplantscanremoveseveraltoxicchemicalsfromtheairinbuildinginteriors.Youcanuseplantsinyourhomeorofficetoimprovethequalityoftheairtomakeitamorepleasantplacetoliveandwork—wherepeoplefeelbetter,performbetter,andenjoylifemore.6、Indoorplantscanbeusedinmanywaysexcept______.A、showingtheowner’stasteB、decoratingofficesandhomesC、absorbingpotentiallyharmfulgasesD、cleaningtheairinsidebuildings標準答案：A知識點解析：細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段Thoseplantsinyourofficeorhomearenotonlydecorative，butNASAscientistsarefindingthemtobesurprisinglyusefulinabsorbingpotentiallyharmfulgasesandcleaningtheairinsidemodembuildings．“那些擺放在你辦公室或家中的植物不僅是裝飾品。而且美國國家航空航天局發(fā)現(xiàn)，它們在吸收潛在有害氣體和凈化現(xiàn)代建筑內(nèi)的空氣方面還能起到令人驚異的作用?！笨芍狟“裝飾辦公室或家”、C“吸收潛在有害氣體”、D“凈化建筑”均有涉及，只有A沒有提到，所以A選項是答案。7、ThestudyjointlyfundedbyALCAandNASAisbasedon______.A、previousresearchofcommonindoorplants’applicationinindoorairpurificationandrevitalizationB、laboratoryevidenceofcommonindoorplants’applicationinindoorairpurificationandrevitalizationC、assumptionsofcommonindoorplants’useinindoorairpurificationandrevitalizationD、tentativeevaluationsofcommonindoorplants’applicationinindoorairpurificationandrevitalization標準答案：D知識點解析：細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容Basedonpreliminaryevaluationsoftheuseofcommonindoorplantsforindoorairpurificationandrevitalization，ALCAjoinedNASAtofundastudyusingaboutadozenpopularvarietiesofornamentalplantstodeterminetheireffectivenessinremovingseveralkeypollutantsassociatedwithindoorairpollution．“基于對使用普通室內(nèi)植物凈化室內(nèi)空氣和再生新鮮空氣的初步評估．美國園林產(chǎn)業(yè)聯(lián)合會與美國國家航空航天局共同贊助了一項研究。該研究用約12種常見的觀賞植物，測定它們清除與室內(nèi)空氣污染相關(guān)的幾種主要污染物的效力”?？芍撗芯渴腔趯κ褂闷胀ㄊ覂?nèi)植物凈化室內(nèi)空氣和再生新鮮空氣的初步評估，所以選D。8、AllthefoliowingsarevitaltotheremovaloftracelevelsoftoxicvapoursexceptA、plantleavesB、plantrootsC、plantstemD、soilbacteria標準答案：C知識點解析：細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第六段Butresearchinourlaboratorieshasdeterminedthatplantleaves，rootsandsoilbacteriaareallimportantinremovingtracelevelsoftoxicvapours．“但是，我們的實驗室研究已得出結(jié)論：植物葉片、根部以及土壤細菌在清除微量有害氣體方面都起著非常重要的作用。”可知C(植物莖部)并沒有提及，所以選C。9、Theword"degrade"(Line4,Para.7)maybereplacedby______.A、reduceB、increaseC、neutralizeD、replace標準答案：A知識點解析：語義題。原文第七段大意為：“把自然和技術(shù)結(jié)合起來能夠增強植物清除空氣污染物的效力，”他說?！鞍鸦钚蕴亢团柙灾参锝Y(jié)合在一起，一個活的空氣清潔器就誕生了。植物的根就長在活性炭中，在那兒慢慢地將吸收的化學物質(zhì)，”沃爾弗頓解釋說。聯(lián)系前一句內(nèi)容，推斷degrade應和remove意思相同，為“降低，降解”．A選項reduce接近，因此選A。10、Peopleuseplantsinhomeorofficetomakethemfeel______.A、energeticandexaltedB、depressedandlowC、sadandgloomyD、pleasantandcomfortable標準答案：D知識點解析：細節(jié)題。文章最后一段Youcanuseplantsinyourhomeorofficetoimprovethequalityoftheairtomakeitamorepleasantplacetoliveandwork--wherepeoplefeelbetter，performbetter，andenjoylifemore．“你可以在家中或辦公室里擺放植物，用它們來改善空氣質(zhì)量，使這些地方成為更舒適的生活與工作場所——人們在這兒感覺更好，辦事效率更高，更多地享受生活?！闭f明室內(nèi)植物讓人們感覺愉快舒適。因此正確答案為D。Moderatedrinkingreducesstrokerisk,studyconfirms.Similartothewayadrinkortwoadayprotectsagainstheartattacks,moderatealcoholconsumptionswardsoffstrokes,anewstudyfound.Thestudyalsofoundthatthetypeofalcoholconsumes—beer,wineorliquor—wasunimportant.Anyofthem,oracombination,wasprotective,researchersreportedintoday'sJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation."Nostudyhasshownbenefitinrecommendingalcoholconsumptiontothosewhodonotdrink",cautionedtheauthors,ledbyDr.RalphL.SaccoofColumbiaUniversityCollegeofPhysiciansandSurgeonsinNewYork.ButthenewdatasupportstheguidelinesoftheNationalStrokeAssociation,whichsaymoderatedrinkers,mayprotectthemselvesfromstrokesbycontinuingtoconsumealcohol,theauthorssaid.Theprotectiveeffectofmoderatedrinkingagainstheartattackiswellestablished,butthedatahasbeenconflictingwithalcoholandstrokes,theauthorsaid.ThenewstudyhelpssettlethequestionandisthefirsttofindblacksandHispanicbenefitaswellaswhites,accordingtotheauthors.Furtherresearchisneededamongothergroups,suchasAsian,whopaststudiessuggestmaygetnostrokeprotectionfromalcoholormayevenbeputatgreaterrisk.Amonggroupswheretheprotectiveeffectexists,itsmechanismappearstodifferfromtheprotectiveeffectagainstheartattacks,whichoccursthroughboostsinlevelofso-called"good"cholesterol,theauthorssaid.Theyspeculatedalcoholmayprotectagainststrokebyactingonsomeotherbloodtrait,suchasthetendencyofbloodplateletstoclump,whichiskeyinformingthebloodclotsthatcancausestrokes.Theresearchersstudied677NewYorkresidentswholiveinthenorthernpartofManhattanandhadstrokesbetweenJuly1,1993,andJune1997.Aftertakingintoaccountdifferencesinotherfactorsthatcouldaffectstrokerisk,suchashighbloodpressure,theresearchersestimatedthatsubjectswhoconsumeduptotwoalcoholicdrinksdailywereonlyhalfaslikelytohavesufferedclot-typestrokesasnon-drinkers.Clot-typestrokesaccountfor80percentofallstrokes,aleadingcauseofUSdeathsanddisability.Strokeriskincreasedwithheavierdrinking.Atsevendrinksperday,riskwasalmosttriplethatofmoderatedrinkers.11、Theprincipleofprotectingoneselffromstrokesbyconsumingalcoholreasonablycannotbeappliedto______.A、heavydrinkersB、lightdrinkersC、milddrinkersD、non-drinkers標準答案：D知識點解析：細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段引號“Nostudyhasshownbenefitinrecommendingalcoholconsumptiontothosewhodonotdrink”．“沒有研究顯示推薦那些不喝酒的人喝酒有益”可知，喝酒有節(jié)制是針對有飲酒習慣的人而言，沒有喝酒習慣的人并不推薦他們喝酒，所以D選項表達正確。12、Whydidresearchersfindabouttherelationshipbetweenstrokesandalcoholconsumptionbeforethenewstudy?A、Theyagreedthatalcoholconsumptioncouldcausestrikes.B、Theycouldnotfindanydatatosupporttherelationship.C、Whattheyfoundwastotallyoppositetothenewstudy.D、Theirfindingswerenotconsistentwithanotherone’s.標準答案：D知識點解析：細節(jié)題。根據(jù)beforethenewstudy定位到第三段內(nèi)容Theprotectiveeffectofmoderatedrinkingagainstheartattackiswellestablished，butthedatahasbeenconflictingwithalcoholandstrokes．theauthorsaid．“有節(jié)制地飲酒保護人們不患心臟病這種說法廣為人們接受．但是有關(guān)飲酒和中風的數(shù)據(jù)則互相矛盾”。說明之前的研究沒有確定飲酒和中風兩者之間的關(guān)系。題干中的notconsistent和原句conflicting互為對應點，所以選D。13、ThenewstudyconductedbyDr.Saccoandhiscolleaguesisuniqueinthat______.A、itrefutesearlystudiesontheprotectiveeffectofmoderatedrinkingagainstheartattacksB、itconfirmsearlystudiesofmoderatedrinkingagainstheartattacksC、itfindsthatmoderatedrinkingcanbenefitpeopleofdifferentracesequallywellD、ithelpstoresolvethedisputesovertheeffectofmoderatedrinkingagainststrokes標準答案：C知識點解析：細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段ThenewstudyhelpssettlethequestionandisthefirsttofindblacksandHispanicbenefitaswellaswhites．a(chǎn)ccordingtotheauthors．“新的研究確定了飲酒和中風的關(guān)系，而且首次發(fā)現(xiàn)黑人和西班牙裔像白人也能同樣受益?！闭f明節(jié)制的飲酒有益于不同種族的人，所以選C。14、Howdoesmoderatealcoholconsumptionmostprobablyprotectusfromstrokes?A、Byenhancingthelevelofthegoodcholesterol.B、Byreducingthepossibilityofthebloodplateletstodeposit.C、Byreducingthenumberofbloodplateletsandbloodclots.D、Byenhancingthepossibilityofthebloodplateletstodeposit.標準答案：B知識點解析：推斷題。根據(jù)第四段Theyspeculatedalcoholmayprotectagainststrokebyactingonsomeotherbloodtrait。suchasthetendencyofbloodplateletstoclump，whichiSkeyinformingthebloodclotsthatcancausestrokes．“他們推斷酒精通過對某些血液特征起作用防止中風．比如血小板結(jié)塊的趨勢，血小板會堆積形成血塊，導致中風”推斷要想防止中風，就要防止血小板沉淀堆積，這和B選項表述一致，因此選B。15、Accordingtothelastparagraph,______aretheleastlikelytosufferclot-typestrokes.A、peoplewhohavetwoalcoholicdrinksdailyB、peoplewhodon’thaveanyalcoholicdrinksC、peoplewhohavemorethantwoalcoholicdrinksdailyD、peoplewhohavelessthansevenalcoholicdrinksdaily標準答案：A知識點解析：細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段…theresearchersestimatedthatsubjectswhoconsumeduptotwoalcoholicdrinksdailywereonlyhalfaslikelytohavesufferedclot-typestrokesasnon-drinkers．“研究估計每天喝兩杯的人得血塊凝結(jié)中風的幾率只有不飲酒的人的一半”可知正確答案為A。Theproblemofhowhealth-careresourcesshouldbeallocatedorapportioned,sothattheyaredistributedinboththemostjustandmostefficientway,isnotanewone.Everyhealthsysteminaneconomicallydevelopedsocietyisfacedwiththeneedtodecide(eitherformallyorinformally)whatproportionofthecommunity'stotalresourcesshouldbespentonhealth-care;howresourcesaretobeapportioned;whatdiseasesanddisabilitiesandwhichformsoftreatmentaretobegivenpriority;whichmembersofthecommunityaretobegivenspecialconsiderationinrespectoftheirhealthneeds;andwhichformsoftreatmentarethemostcost-effective.Whatisnewisthat,fromthe1950sonwards,therehavebeencertaingeneralchangesinoutlookaboutthefinitudeofresourcesasawholeandofhealth-careresourcesinparticular,aswellasmorespecificchangesregardingtheclienteleofhealth-careresourcesandthecosttothecommunityofthoseresources.Thus,inthe1950sand1960s,thereemergedawarenessinWesternsocietiesthatresourcesfortheprovisionoffossilfuelenergywerefiniteandexhaustibleandthatthecapacityofnatureortheenvironmenttosustaineconomicdevelopmentandpopulationwasalsofinite.Inotherwords,webecameawareoftheobviousfactthattherewere"limitstogrowth".Thenewconsciousnessthattherewerealsoseverelimitstohealth-careresourceswaspartofthisgeneralrevelationoftheobvious.Lookingback,itnowseemsquiteincrediblethatinthenationalhealthsystemsthatemergedinmanycountriesintheyearsimmediatelyafterthe1939-1945WorldWar,itwasassumedwithoutquestionthatallthebasichealthneedsofanycommunitycouldbesatisfied,atleastinprinciple;the"invisiblehand"ofeconomicprogresswouldprovide.However,atexactlythesametimeasthisnewrealizationofthefinitecharacterofhealth-careresourceswassinkingin,anawarenessofacontrarykindwasdevelopinginWesternsocieties:thatpeoplehaveabasicrighttohealth-careasanecessaryconditionofaproperhumanlife.Likeeducation,politicalandlegalprocessesandinstitutions,publicorder,communication,transportandmoneysupply,health-carecametobeseenasoneofthefundamentalsocialfacilitiesnecessaryforpeopletoexercisetheirotherrightsasautonomoushumanbeings.Peoplearenotinapositiontoexercisepersonallibertyandtobeself-determiningiftheyarepoverty-stricken,ordeprivedofbasiceducation,ordonotlivewithinacontextoflawandorder.Inthesameway,basichealth-careisaconditionoftheexerciseofautonomy.16、Whichofthefollowingsisnotanissueforeveryhealthsystemtotackle?A、Whatproportionofthecommunity’stotalresourcesshouldbespentonhealth-care.B、Whatdiseasesanddisabilitiesandwhichformsoftreatmentaretobegivenpriority.C、Whichkindsofprofessionsaretobegivenspecialconsideration.D、Whichformsoftreatmentarethemostcost-effective.標準答案：C知識點解析：細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段可知A選項“在衛(wèi)生保健方面投入的資源應占社會全部資源的多大比例”，B“什么樣的疾病和殘疾以及什么形式的治療應該享有優(yōu)先權(quán)”，D“什么形式的治療是最節(jié)省成本的”都有提及，只有C“哪種職業(yè)需要特殊關(guān)照”并沒有提及，屬于每一個衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)需要做出的決定，所以C選項為答案。17、Whatisnewabouthealth-careresourcesfrom1950sonwards?A、Health-careresourcesshouldbeallocatedorapportionedefficiently.B、Health-careresourceswerelimitedandfinite.C、Health-careresourceswereinfiniteandinexhaustible.D、Health-careresourcesshouldbegivenprioritybythegovernments.標準答案：B知識點解析：細節(jié)題。根據(jù)1950s定位到第二段內(nèi)容Thenewconsciousnessthattherewerealsoseverelimitstohealth-careresourceswaspartofthisgeneralrevelationoftheobvious．“衛(wèi)生保健資源同樣也會有一些限制的新觀念就是這個顯而易見的事實的一部分?！闭f明20世紀50年代以來人們認識到衛(wèi)生健康資源是有限的。所以選B。18、Withhindsight,whatisinconceivableaboutnationalhealthsystemsintheyearsaftertheendofWWII?A、Itwastakenforgrantedthatsuchsystemscateredtoallofpeople’sbasichealthneeds.B、Itwastakenforgrantedthatsuchsystemswereperfectlyestablished.C、Itwastakenforgrantedthatsuchsystemswerejustandfair.D、Itwastakenforgrantedthatsuchsystemswereup-to-date.標準答案：A知識點解析：細節(jié)題。根據(jù)WWII定位到第二段Lookingback，itnowseemsquiteincrediblethatinthenationalhealthsystemsthatemergedinmanycountriesintheyearsimmediatelyafterthe1939—1945WorldWar，itwasassumedwithoutquestionthatallthebasichealthneedsofanycommunitycouldbesatisfied，atleastinprinciple；the“invisiblehand”ofeconomicprogresswouldprovide．“回溯起來．有一個觀點現(xiàn)在看來不可思議：在1939年到1945年的世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后的幾年內(nèi)，很多國家建立了國民衛(wèi)生體系，人們認為這樣的國民衛(wèi)生體系至少在理論上能夠滿足任何人群的所有基礎(chǔ)衛(wèi)生需求，經(jīng)濟增長中‘看不見的手’將提供一切所需?！鳖}干中的Withhindsight和原文的Lookingback．inconceivable和incredible，cateredto和satisfied互為對應點，所以選A。19、Whendidhealth-carecometobeseenasaright?A、BeforeWWII.B、Before1950s.C、Ataboutthetimethatthelimitsofhealth-careresourcesbecameevident.D、Ataboutthetimewhenthebeliefthateconomicprogresswouldproduceallthehealth-careresourcesprevailed.標準答案：C知識點解析：細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段However．a(chǎn)texactlythesametimeasthisnewrealizationofthefinitecharacterofhealth．careresourceswassinkingin，anawarenessofacontrarykindwasdevelopinginWesternsocieties：thatpeoplehaveabasicrighttohealth—careasanecessaryconditionofaproperhumanlife．“然而，就在這種認為衛(wèi)生資源是有限的新思想銷聲匿跡的同時，一種相反的思想在西方社會發(fā)展起來了。這種思想認為享受衛(wèi)生保健是人們的一項基本權(quán)利，而這種權(quán)力是人們正常生活的必要條件?！笨芍狢選項的表述“幾乎在人們認識到醫(yī)療資源是有限的同時，醫(yī)療保健開始被看做是人們的一項權(quán)利”是正確的．因此選C。20、Apersonisconsideredasautonomousandindependentwhenhe/sheis______.A、poverty-strickenB、deprivedofbasiceducationC、notlivingwithinacontextoflawandorderD、entitledtotherightsofhealth-careresources標準答案：D知識點解析：推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Peoplearenotinapositiontoexercisepersonallibertyandtobeself-determiningiftheyarepoverty—stricken，ordeprivedofbasiceducation，ordonotlivewithinacontextoflawandorder．Inthesameway．basichealth—careisaconditionoftheexerciseofautonomy．“如果為貧窮而苦惱，或者被剝奪了基礎(chǔ)教育，或者沒有生活在法律法規(guī)的框架下，那么人們就不能擁有個人自由，自主行事。同樣，基礎(chǔ)衛(wèi)生保健也是人實現(xiàn)自由的一個條件?！笨赏茢嘁粋€自由獨立的人需要衛(wèi)生保健的權(quán)利。所以正確答案為D。大學英語六級改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套一、仔細閱讀(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)ArecentcaseinAustraliashowshoweasilyfearcanfrustrateaninformant'sgoodintentions.InDecember,awomanwroteanonymouslytothecountry'santitrustwatchdog,theACCC,allegingthatheremployerwascolludingwithothersinbreachoftheTradePracticesAct.HerevidencewassufficienttosuggesttotheACCCthatfinesofA$10mcouldbeimposedon"alargecompany".Buttheagencyneededmoredetails.SojustbeforeChristmasitadvertisedextensivelytotryandpersuadethewomantocomeforwardagain.SomedayslaterherhusbandrangtheACCC,buthehungupbeforedisclosingvitalinformation.Nowtheagencyistryingtocontactthecoupleagain.InAmerica,thereissomeevidencethattheeventsofSeptember11thhavemadepeoplemorepublic-spiritedandmoreinclinedtoblowthewhistle.TheGovernmentAccountabilityProject,aWashington-basedgroup,received27reproachesfrompotentialinformantsinthethreemonthsbeforeSeptember11th,and66inthethreemonthsafter.Manyofthesecomplaintswereaboutsecurityissues.TheyincludedaFederalAviationAdnunistrationemployeewhoclaimedthattheagencyhadrepeatedlyfailedtorespondtoknowncasesofsecurityviolationsatairports.Legislationtogivegreaterprotectiontopeoplewhoexposecorporateorgovernmentmisbehaviorexternally(afterhavingreceivednosatisfactioninternally)isbeingintroducedinanumberofcountries.InAmerica,itfocusesoninformantsamongfederalemployees.AccordingtoBillyGarde,alawyerwhowasamemberofBP'sAlaskainquiryteam,they"havelessrightsthanprisoners".AbillintroducedlastyearbySenatorDanielAkakatoimproveprotectionforthemiscurrentlystuckincongressionalcommittees.InBritain,thePublicInterestDisclosureActcamefullyintoforcelastyear.DescribedbyoneAmericanas"themostfar-reachinginformantprotectionintheworld",ittreatsinformantsaswitnessesactinginthepublicinterest.Thisseparatesthemfrompeoplewhoaremerelypursuingapersonalgrievance.ButeveninBritain,theprotectionislimited.RupertWalker,afundmanager,wasfiredbyGovettInvestmentsinSeptember2001forexpressingconcernsintheFinancialTimesaboutagroupofpeopleofinvestmenttruststhatinvestineachother.1、WhatdoestheauthormostprobablythinkaboutwhattheACCCdidtothewoman?A、Inconsistent.B、Disheartening.C、Unreasonable.D、Bureaucratic.標準答案：B知識點解析：首段列舉發(fā)生在ACCC和那名婦女之間的例子是為了說明該段主題，即首句。開始的時候，那名婦女匿名舉報，就是害怕暴露身份，但當時她仍然相信ACCC能按照她提供的證據(jù)采取相應的措施，可是ACCC卻大登廣告，這無異于暴露了這名婦女的身份特征，雖然ACCC可能因為要取得更多的證據(jù)才這樣做，但它沒有考慮到保護證人安全的重要性，這使那名婦女失去了對它的信任，不敢再與其合作，由此可見，選項B為本題答案。2、Bysaying"moreinclinedtoblowthewhistle"(Line2,Para.2),theauthormeansthatpeoplearemore______.A、eagertodisclosesecretsB、willingtoreportwrongdoingsC、alerttohiddendangerstothecountryD、readytocooperatewiththeadministration標準答案：B知識點解析：第2段首句是該段的主題句，通過對比9．11事件前后舉報者的數(shù)字可以知道，該段的主題是為了說明美國人更樂意揭發(fā)不法行為，由此可推斷，選項B為本題答案。3、ItcanbeinferredthattheFederalAviationAdministrationemployee______.A、hadrepeatedlycomplainedtohisemployerB、didnotgetanyresponsefromhisemployerC、wasconcernedaboutpublicsecurityD、becamebraveafterthe9.11disaster標準答案：C知識點解析：作者在第2段末句提到航空管理局的雇員，是為了舉例說明該段倒數(shù)第2句，由此可推斷，該雇員經(jīng)歷了9．11事件之后，出于對公眾安全問題的關(guān)注，他把雇主的不當行為舉報給政府職責促進會，由此可見，選項C為本題答案。4、Accordingtothethirdparagraph,informantsamongtheAmericanfederalemployees______.A、disclosemisbehaviorexternallywhentheyaredisappointedinternallyB、getmoreprotectionthanpeoplewhodisclosemisbehaviorexternallyC、havelessrightsthanprisonersD、getasmuchprotectionasbefore標準答案：D知識點解析：第3段末句表明雖然美國加強保護舉報人的法案已經(jīng)提出，但是未能在國會委員會通過，也就是說，對舉報人的保護還是跟以前一樣，因此選項D為正確的說法。5、Britain’sprotectiontoinformantsisnotperfectinthat______.A、thePublicInterestDisclosureActcamefullyintoforceonlylastyearB、ittreatsinformantsaswitnessesactinginthepublicinterestC、informantsarethreatenedwiththepossibilityoflosingtheirjobsD、informantsareconsideredasmerelypursuingapersonalcomplaint標準答案：C知識點解析：末段一開始說的都是英國舉報人保護法的好處，第4句開頭的but這一轉(zhuǎn)折連詞表明接下來的才是其缺點，由此可見，答案應在第4句及其后尋找，第5句提到舉報人可能因為舉報而遭解雇，選項C就表達了這個意思。Whilethe1970spoppsychotherapymovementfocusedontheimportanceoflettingangerout,morerecentresearchsuggeststhatthere'sasmarter,healthierwaytoreacttolife'sslingsandarrows;withforgiveness.Inarecentstudy,itwasfoundthatwhenindividualswereabouttoforgive,theyexperiencedgreaterjoy,amoreprofoundsenseofcontroloverlifeandlessdepression.Soundappealing.a)Whyholdingagrudge(怨恨)canbeharmful?Yourboyfriendblowsyouoffforanimportantdate.Ifyoustayangryathim,you'llprobablygetfreshflowersonyourdoorstepandmaybeafancymealortwo.Butgrudge-holdingonlygivesustheillusionofpower.Ifyouholdontothatangeronachronicbasis,thenithaspoweroveryou,eatingawayatyourpeaceofmindandperhapsevenyourimmunesystem.AstudybyKathleenLawler,Ph.D.,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofTennessee,confirmsthatpeoplewhoareunabletoforgivereportmorestressintheirlives,moreillnessandmorevisitstothedoctorthandoforgivingfolk.b)GoingfromagrudgetoforgivenessAfewwaystodevelopyourcapacitytoturntheothercheek—Trywritingadaily"forgiveness"reminderinyourjournal;itmaysoundcorny(過時的),butit'sagreatwaytohelpgaincontroloveryouremotionallife.—Writealettertoyouroffender,detailingexactlywhat'sbotheringyou.Thentossit.You'llfeelbetter,evenifyourmessageneverreachesitsintendedtarget.—What,exactly,makesyourbloodboil?Forgivenessisn'taboutswallowingangerorbeingadoormat(逆來順受的人).It'snotaboutforgetting,either.Onthecontrary,it'saboutac