高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)訓(xùn)練：閱讀理解（段落大意題）

高考英語復(fù)習(xí)-閱讀理解（段落大意題）

目錄內(nèi)容

板塊一命題規(guī)律探究

板塊二高考真題引領(lǐng)

板塊三名校模擬演練

命題規(guī)律探究

解答段落大意題的關(guān)鍵是抓住段落的主題句。一般而言，每個(gè)段落總有一個(gè)中心，通常中心

思想會(huì)在首句或尾句體現(xiàn)出來，這就是常說的段落主題句?？傮w來說，采用歸納法的段落，細(xì)節(jié)

表述在前，歸納概括在后，主題句在段尾；采用演繹法的段落，先提出觀點(diǎn)，后舉例子，由一般

到特殊，主題句出現(xiàn)在段首，這種現(xiàn)象較多出現(xiàn)在說明文和議論文中；若作者采用“特殊一一般

一特殊”的方式，主題句可能出現(xiàn)在段落的中間。有時(shí)，作者沒有寫出明顯的主題句，考生要學(xué)會(huì)

根據(jù)段落的內(nèi)容概括出主題句。

一、段落大意題設(shè)題方式

1.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

2.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusabout...?

3.Inthelastparagraph,theauthormainlytellsus.

4.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?

5.Thethirdparagraphmainlytellsusthat.

二、正確選項(xiàng)的特征

1.通常不含細(xì)節(jié)信息的詞。

2.通常不含絕對(duì)意義的詞。

3.能概括全文或某段的全部內(nèi)容；涵蓋性強(qiáng)，精確度強(qiáng)，恰當(dāng)?shù)谋硪夥秶颓楦猩省?/p>

三、干擾選項(xiàng)的特征

1.過于籠統(tǒng)，不知所云。所概括的內(nèi)容超出原文的范圍。

2.以偏概全，主次不分。以文章中的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容或個(gè)別詞語做出選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。

3.移花接木，偷換概念。選項(xiàng)中定語和狀語影響語意范圍，或者把屬于A的內(nèi)容放在B上。

4.主觀臆測(cè)，無中生有，選項(xiàng)中關(guān)鍵詞也在文中提及，但選項(xiàng)的實(shí)際含義與文章主題無關(guān)。

四、段落大意題思維導(dǎo)圖

段仃：說明文和議論文中的主題

首尾旅頓一句常在段首

抓

段尾：先表述細(xì)節(jié).后歸納概

住知段意

段括,段落主陋句在段電

落段中間：先用一句或幾句話引出要表達(dá)的生

主題.再陳述主翹，然后論述細(xì),，即引出主題

題

一段落中心一再論述

句

沒有明顯段落主題句時(shí),需概括段落內(nèi)容,

總結(jié)段落大意

（2020全國I卷D篇，保留原題序號(hào)）

Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshave

foundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecity

experiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplaceswere

decoratedwithhouseplants.

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.

B.Abigfallincrimerates.

C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.

D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.

破題關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)

第一步讀文章，概括段意

本段通過列舉兩項(xiàng)科學(xué)研究來說明綠色植物對(duì)人類的好處。

第二步析選項(xiàng)，斟酌判斷

對(duì)不同植物的一項(xiàng)新研究。原文中提到對(duì)綠色植物的研究，但不以偏概全，

A

是該段的主旨。斷章取義

犯罪率大幅下降。用犯罪率下降來證明的是綠色植物的好處，故混以偏概全，

B

淆主次。斷章取義

來自不同工作場(chǎng)所的員工。以偏概全，

c

雖涉及到工作場(chǎng)所的員工，但是以偏概全，不是本段的主題。生搬硬套

綠色植物的好處。本段主旨就是列舉兩項(xiàng)科學(xué)研究來說明綠色植物涵蓋性強(qiáng)，

D

對(duì)人類的好處。該項(xiàng)是對(duì)本段內(nèi)容的精煉總結(jié)和概括。覆蓋全段

自主解答：D

（2017全國n卷C篇，保留原題序號(hào)）

（2017-全國卷n,C篇節(jié)選）TerrafiigiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,

bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle-namedthe

Transition-hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat

1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.ltfliesusinga

23-gallontankofgasandbums5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.

28.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.ThebasicdataoftheTransition.

B.Theadvantagesofflyingcars.

C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.

D.ThedesignersoftheTransition.

［解題思路］

第一步

thefirstparagraphmainlyabout

題干關(guān)鍵詞

第二步at1,400feetforeightminutes,70milesperhour,a23gallontank,35miles

原文關(guān)鍵詞pergallon

ThebasicdataoftheTransition.

A直接概括

（飛行汽車）Transition的基本數(shù)據(jù)。

Theadvantagesofflyingcars.

B飛行汽車的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。'J曲解文意

第三步比對(duì)

選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞

Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.

c飛行汽車的潛在市場(chǎng)。"J無中生有

ThedesignersoftheTransition.

D以偏概全

飛行汽車的設(shè)計(jì)者。

自主解答：A

（2022新高考I卷D篇，保留原題序號(hào)）

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon"m"and"a"totherareclicksofsome

southernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudy

showsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld'slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas'f'and

"v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamian

BlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned（對(duì)齊）,makingithardto

producelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoan

overbitestructure（結(jié)構(gòu)）,makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.

TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.

Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn'thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn'tgrowtobesolarge.

Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguages

aftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof'f'and"v"increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.These

soundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolved

around300,000yearsago."Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceof

humanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayof

thingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.

32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamianBlasi'sresearchfocuson?

A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.

33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?

A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.

B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.

C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.

D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.

34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.

B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.

C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.

D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.

35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?

A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.

B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.

C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.

D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.

【答案】32.D33.C34.A35.C

【導(dǎo)語】本篇是一篇說明文。主要介紹因?yàn)轱嬍车母淖儗?dǎo)致了現(xiàn)在在世界上一半的語言中發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的語音。

32.Do細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的"Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeech

soundscalledlabiodentals,suchas"f"andweremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofter

foods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhow

andwhythistrendarose.（30多年前，學(xué)者CharlesHockett注意到，被稱為唇齒音的語音，如"f"和"v”，在

吃軟食物的社會(huì)的語言中更常見?，F(xiàn)在，瑞士蘇黎世大學(xué)的DamianBlasi領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一組研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了這一趨勢(shì)

產(chǎn)生的方式和原因。）”可知DamianBlasi的研究重點(diǎn)是在語言的演變上。故選D。

33.Co細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的"Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthuman

adultswerealigned9makingithardtoproducelabiodentals9whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptothe

upperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure,makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds?（他發(fā)現(xiàn),

古人類的上門牙和下門牙是對(duì)齊的，因此很難產(chǎn)生唇齒音，唇齒音是通過下唇接觸上牙齒而形成的。后來，我

們的下顆變成了覆蓋咬合結(jié)構(gòu)，更容易發(fā)出這樣的聲音）”可知，因?yàn)楣糯赡耆说南骂w結(jié)構(gòu)使他們很難發(fā)出唇

齒音。故選C。

34.Ao主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段中的"Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobal

changeinthesoundofworldlanguagesafterthesoNeolithicage,withtheuseof"f"and"v"increasing

remarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmany

hunter.gathererpeopletoday.（對(duì)語言數(shù)據(jù)庫的分析也證實(shí)，在新石器時(shí)代之后，世界語言的發(fā)音發(fā)生了全球性

的變化，在過去幾千年里，“f”和“v”的使用顯著增加。這些聲音在今天許多狩獵采集者的語言中仍然沒有發(fā)

現(xiàn)）”可知，第五段主要是通過列明數(shù)據(jù)分析結(jié)果來進(jìn)一步證明研究結(jié)果。故選A。

35.Co推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中““Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstable

sincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayisthe

productofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution/9saidStevenMoran,a

memberoftheresearchteam.（研究小組成員StevenMoran說：”自從人類出現(xiàn)以來，我們使用的語音不一定保

持穩(wěn)定，我們今天發(fā)現(xiàn)的各種語音都是生物變化和文化進(jìn)化等復(fù)雜相互作用的產(chǎn)物J）”可知，StevenMoran認(rèn)

為語音是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的動(dòng)態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選C。

（2022全國甲卷D篇，保留原題序號(hào)）

Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.Then,

oneafteranother,Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthingsthatwerejustsortofthere-broadparks,superbbeaches,anda

culturallydiversepopulation.Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.

AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotsSydneyferryboatsforaliving.Ispentthewhole

morningshuttlingbackandforthacrosstheharbor.AfterourthirdrunAndrewshutdowntheengine,andwewentour

separateways-heforalunchbreak,Itoexplorethecity.

"I'llmisstheseoldboats,“hesaidasweparted.

“Howdoyoumean?"Iasked.

"Oh,they'rereplacingthemwithcatamarans.Catamaransarefaster,butthey'renotsoelegant,andthey'renotfun

topilot.Butthafsprogress,Iguess.”

EverywhereinSydneythesedays,changeandprogressarethewatchwords（口號(hào)），andtraditionsareincreasingly

rare.ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity'sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,Sydneyswept

asidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.""Sydneyisconfusedaboutitself,9,shesaid."Wecan'tseem

tomakeupourmindswhetherwewantamodemcityoratraditionalone.Ifsaconflictthatwearen'tgettinganybetter

atresolving（解決）

Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.IconsideredthiswhenImeta

thoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony."Manypeoplesaythatwelackcultureinthiscountry,9,hetoldme.

“WhatpeopleforgetisthattheItalians,whentheycametoAustralia,brought2000yearsoftheirculture,theGreeks

some3000years,andtheChinesemorestill.We'vegotafoundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwithadriveand

dynamismofayoungcountry.Ifsaprettyhardcombinationtobeat.”

Heisright,butIcan'thelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Sydney'sstrikingarchitecture.

B.TheculturaldiversityofSydney.

C.ThekeytoSydney'sdevelopment.

D.Sydney'stouristattractionsinthe1960s.

33.WhatcanwelearnaboutAndrewReynolds?

A.Hegoestoworkbyboat.

B.Helooksforwardtoanewlife.

C.Hepilotscatamaranswell.

D.Heisattachedtotheoldferries.

34.WhatdoesShirleyFitzgeraldthinkofSydney?

A.Itislosingitstraditions.

B.Itshouldspeedupitsprogress.

C.Itshouldexpanditspopulation.

D.Itisbecomingmoreinternational.

35.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

A.Acitycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.

B.Acitybuiltonancientculturesismoredynamic.

C.modernityisusuallyachievedatthecostofelegance.

D.Compromiseshouldbemadebetweenthelocalandtheforeign.

32-35DDAA

【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章通過作者和悉尼人士的交流介紹了悉尼發(fā)展中面臨的問題。

32.Co主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段"Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.

Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.（20世紀(jì)60年代初，澳大利亞悉尼發(fā)生了一件大事。這座城市發(fā)現(xiàn)了它的港口）”

以及“Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.（但是是港口造就了城市）”可知，本段主要介紹了悉尼發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵是

港口。故選C。

33.Do細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotSydneyferryboatsfora

living.（30歲出頭的AndrewReynolds是個(gè)快樂的小伙子,他在悉尼擔(dān)任渡輪領(lǐng)航員為生）”、第三段“PHmissthese

oldboats.（我會(huì)想念這些舊船的）”以及第五段"Catamaransarefaster,butthey9renotsoelegant,andthey'renot

funtopilot.（雙體船更快，但它們不那么優(yōu)雅，駕駛起來也不有趣）”可知，渡輪領(lǐng)航員AndrewReynolds喜歡老

式渡船。故選D。

34.Ao推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity'sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushto

modernityinthe1970s,Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.（悉尼的官方歷

史學(xué)家ShirleyFitzgerald告訴我，在20世紀(jì)70年代奔向現(xiàn)代化的過程中，悉尼把很多它的過去都拋在了一邊，

包括許多最漂亮的建筑）”可推知，ShirleyFitzgerald認(rèn)為悉尼匆忙奔向現(xiàn)代化，正在失去它的傳統(tǒng)。故選A。

35.A推理判斷題根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的第一句…beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.可知，

作者認(rèn)為一個(gè)城市新舊并存是非常有魅力的。根據(jù)下文中Anthony的觀點(diǎn)…afoundationbuiltonancient

cultureswithadriveanddynamismofayoungcountry.和最后一段Heisright...可知，Anthony認(rèn)為澳大利亞

是一個(gè)建立在古老文化基礎(chǔ)上并同時(shí)充滿活力的年輕國家，作者認(rèn)同其觀點(diǎn)。

名校模擬演練

（2023秋?安徽滁州?高三統(tǒng)考期末）AresearchteamledbyDelPozoCruzfromtheUniversityofSouthern

Denmark,recentlypublishedastudythatfoundwalking10,000stepsadayloweredtheriskfordementiaby50%.

However,ifwalkingoccurredatabriskpaceof112stepsaminutefor30minutes,itmaximizedriskreduction,

leadingtoa62%reductionindementiarisk.The30minutesoffast-pacedwalkingdidn'thavetooccurallatonce一it

couldbespreadoutovertheday."Ourtakeisthatintensityofsteppingmatters-overandabovevolume,saidCruz.

Thenewstudyfollowed78,500peoplebetweentheagesof40and79fromEngland,ScotlandandWaleswhowore

wriststepcountersfor24hoursadayoverasevendaystretch.Aftercountingeachperson'stotalnumberofstepseach

day,researchersplacedthemintotwocategories:Fewerthan40stepsperminute,whichismorelikewhenyou5re

walkingfromroomtoroom-andmorethan40stepsperminute,orso-called4tpurposefuF,walking.Athirdcategory

wascreatedforpeakperformers-hosewhotookthemoststepsperminutewithin30minutesoverthecourseofaday.

Aboutsevenyearslater,researcherscomparedthatdatatomedicalrecordsandfoundpeoplewhotookthemost

stepsperminuteshowedthebiggestreductioninriskforcancer,heartdiseaseandearlydeathfromanycause.

Researchersfoundtheassociationbetweenpeak3O-minutestepsandriskreductiontobedependentonthedisease

studied:Therewasa62%reductionfordementia,an80%declineforcardiovasculardiseaseanddeath,andabouta20%

dropinriskforcancer.

Whafsthetakeaway?Youdon'thavetofixateonthenumbersofsteps.<6Spend30minutesbeingbreathlessat

whateverpaceyou'reat,andthenkeepchallengingyourselftobeslightlyunsatisfiedatyourcurrentlevelsoyoucanget

betterandbetter/9saidDr.AndrewFreeman.

1.Whichaspectofwalkingdoesthestudyfocuson?

A.Itstime.B.Itspace.C.Itslength.D.Itspopularity.

2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesubjectsinthethirdcategory?

A.Theyaretheoldest.B.TheyarefromWales.

C.Theywalkthequickest.D.Theywalkwithoutstepcounters.

3.Whatdoesparagraph5mainlytellusaboutthestudy?

A.Itsfindings.B.Itsprocedures.

C.Itsmedicalapplication.D.Itstheoreticalsignificance.

4.WhatdoesFreemansuggestwalkersdo?

A.Counttheirstepsasexactlyaspossible.B.Sparethemselves30minuteseveryday.

C.Aimalittlehigherthantheirpresentlevel.D.Setaspecificgoalforthemselveseachday.

【答案】LB2.C3.A4.C

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)如果以每分鐘112步的快走速度行走30分鐘，則可最大限

度地降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，使癡呆風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低62%。介紹了研究開展的過程以及結(jié)果。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“However,ifwalkingoccurredatabriskpaceofll2stepsaminutefor30minutes,it

maximizedriskreduction,leadingtoa62%reductionindementiarisk.The30minutesoffast-pacedwalking

didn'thavetooccurallatonce—itcouldbespreadoutovertheday."Ourtakeisthatintensityofstepping

matters一overandabovevolume,"saidCruz.（然而，如果以每分鐘112步的快走速度行走30分鐘，則可最大限

度地降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，使癡呆風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低62%。30分鐘的快節(jié)奏步行不必一次完成，可以分散到一天中?？唆斊澱f：“我

們認(rèn)為，步伐的強(qiáng)度比音量更重要）”可知，這項(xiàng)研究關(guān)注的是步行速度。故選B。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Athirdcategorywascreatedforpeakperformers—hosewhotookthemoststeps

perminutewithin30minutesoverthecourseofaday.（第三類是為表現(xiàn)最好的人設(shè)計(jì)的在一天中30分鐘內(nèi)

每分鐘走的步數(shù)最多的人）”可知，第三類人走路最快。故選C。

3.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段“Researchersfoundtheassociationbetweenpeak30-minutestepsandriskreduction

tobedependentonthediseasestudied:Therewasa62%reductionfordementia,an80%declinefor

cardiovasculardiseaseanddeath,andabouta20%dropinriskforcancer.（研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，30分鐘的步數(shù)峰值與

風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低之間的關(guān)聯(lián)取決于所研究的疾?。喊V呆風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低62%,心血管疾病和死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低80%,癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降

低約20%）”可知，第5段主要告訴我們研究結(jié)果。故選A。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段"What'sthetakeaway?Youdon'thavetofixateonthenumbersofsteps.66Spend30

minutesbeingbreathlessatwhateverpaceyou'reat,andthenkeepchallengingyourselftobeslightlyunsatisfied

atyourcurrentlevelsoyoucangetbetterandbetter,59saidDr.AndrewFreeman.（有什么好處？你不必拘泥于步

數(shù)。安德魯?弗里曼博士說:“花30分鐘讓自己以任何速度喘不過氣來，然后不斷挑戰(zhàn)自己，讓自己對(duì)目前的水平

略感不滿，這樣你就可以變得越來越好?？芍?，弗里曼建議步行者的目標(biāo)比他們現(xiàn)在的水平高一點(diǎn)。故選C。

（2023秋?福建龍巖?高三校聯(lián)考期末）Ifsallrighttocry.Really.Althoughifsoftenseenasasignofweakness,

cryingcanbejustwhatthedoctororderedforsortingthroughchaotic（混舌L的）emotionsandcheeringup.

Ourgeneraldisapprovalofemotionalexpressionandcryingspecificallystemsfromchildhood,saidStephen

Sideroff,anassistantprofessor.Askids,we'reoftentaughttorestrain（抑制）ouremotions.Maybeyourememberbeing

teasedinelementaryschoolforcryingwhenyouwerehurt.Manyofuslearnedtherewerefeelings,suchasangeror

resentment,thatweshouldn'thaveorexpress.Aschildrengrowintoadulthood,wegraduallylearntoregulateour

feelings.Sowhat,youmightsay?Whocares?Butwedon'tholdemotionsinonlyourheads,Sideroffsaid.Westore

theminourbodies,too.

Holdingbackyourfeelingscanhurt.t6Thesefeelingshaveenergy,“Sideroffexplained."You（then）havetorestrain

themindifferentways."Thatinterfereswithnaturalprocessesandcreatesimbalancessincethebody'sneedisstillthere.

Ifyou5resadorhurtorangry,youneedtofindsomethingtoresolvethatimbalance.Ifyoudon't,youmightexpress

thoseimbalancedfeelingsininappropriateways-likelashingoutat（猛烈抨擊）yourfamilyorfriends.Emotional

restraintcanlimitourabilitytoexperiencepositivefeelings,suchasjoyandlove,aswell.

Generally,thethreetypesoftearsincludeemotionaltears,whichresultfromstrongfeelingssuchasjoyorsadness.

Basaltearslubricate（潤滑）youreyes.Reflextearsreleasewhendustoronionoxidesannoyyoureyes.Humansarethe

onlyanimalswhocryintoadulthoodandhaveemotionaltears.

Peopleoftenreportfeelingbetteraftertheycry.Thatcouldbebecausecryingforcesustopayattentiontowhat

triggered（觸發(fā)）usandworkthroughouremotionsandthoughts.Cryingmightalsohelpinunderstandingwhafs

importanttous,especiallyifwecryoversomethingthatupsetsusunexpectedly.

5.WhichofthefollowingisStephen'sidea?

A.Emotionsarecreatedbythechaos.

B.Emotionsarestoredonlyinourheads.

C.Emotionalrestraintoriginatesfromchildhood.

D.Emotionalrestraintdevelopspositivefeelings.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“resentment“inParagraph2referto?

A.Joy.B.Bitterness.C.Satisfaction.D.Disappointment.

7.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Thecharacteristicsofcrying.B.Thefunctionsoftears.

C.Theclassificationoftears.D.Theresultsofcrying.

8.Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheoutcomeofcrying?

A.Ifsdoubtful.B.Ifsunexpected.

C.Ifsdiscouraging.D.Ifsbeneficial.

【答案】5.C6.B7.C8.D

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述抑制情緒的表達(dá)有一定的危害，將情緒表達(dá)出來，如哭泣是有好處的。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句"Ourgeneraldisapprovalofemotionalexpressionandcryingspecificallystems

fromchildhood,saidStephenSideroff,anassistantprofessor.（助理教授StephenSideroff說，我們普遍的反對(duì)情緒

化的表達(dá)和哭泣，這是從童年時(shí)期就開始的）”可知，StephenSideroff認(rèn)為情緒抑制源于童年。故選C。

6.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句"Manyofuslearnedtherewerefeelings,suchasangerorresentment,thatwe

shouldn"haveorexpress.俄們中的許多人都知道，有些情緒，例如憤怒或怨恨，我們不應(yīng)該擁有或表達(dá)）”中的

“anger”可推知，劃線詞所表達(dá)的意思應(yīng)與“憤怒”為同類詞，表達(dá)一種不滿，因而選項(xiàng)B.Bitterness“憤恨”符合

題意。故選B。

7.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段前三句"Generally,thethreetypesoftearsincludeemotionaltears,whichresultfrom

strongfeelingssuchasjoyorsadness.Basaltearslubricate（潤滑）youreyes.Reflextearsreleasewhendustor

onionoxidesannoyyoureyes.（一般來說，這三種類型的眼淚包括情緒性的眼淚，這些眼淚是由強(qiáng)烈的情緒如喜

悅或悲傷引起的?；A(chǔ)眼淚潤滑你的眼睛。當(dāng)灰塵或洋蔥氧化物侵?jǐn)_你的眼睛時(shí)，反射性眼淚會(huì)釋放出來）”可知，

這里將眼淚分成了三種類型，因此本段主要講了眼淚的分類。故選C。

8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句"Peopleoftenreportfeelingbetteraftertheycry.（人們通常在哭泣后感覺更

好）”及最后一句"Cryingmightalsohelpinunderstandingwhafsimportanttous,especiallyifwecryover

somethingthatupsetsusunexpectedly"哭也可能有助于理解什么對(duì)我們來說是重要的，特別是當(dāng)我們?yōu)橐恍┮馔?/p>

的事情而哭泣時(shí)）”可知，這都是哭泣帶來的好處，所以作者認(rèn)為哭泣是有好處的。故選D。

（2023秋?內(nèi)蒙古阿拉善盟?高三阿拉善盟第一中學(xué)?？计谀〩umanshavelongbeentryingtomakesenseof

ourplaceintheuniverse.WaitingatalaunchsiteinFrenchGuiana?NASA'sJamesWebbSpaceTelescopeisthelatest

stepforwardinthatancientquest（探索）.

Usingtelescopes,astronomershaveseenmanygalaxies（星系）suchastheAndromedaGalaxyandtheNGC3227

Galaxy.Sofar,themostdistantgalaxyeverdiscovered,GN-zll,wasspottedbytheHubbleSpaceTelescope.Tothe

untrainedeye,itlookslikearedblob（〃、,點(diǎn)點(diǎn)），butifsbasicallylikelookingbackintimeabout13.4billionyearsago.

That5sjustabout0.4billionyearsaftertheBigBang.

“Hubbleislimitedinhowfarbackintimeitcanlook,sofindingthisonewasjustaluckybreak,“saysMarusa

Bradac,anastronomerattheUniversityofCalifornia."AstronomersonlyspotteditbecausedecadesofusingHubble

haveletthemcovermuchofthesky,andthisparticularearlygalaxyissurprisinglybrightalthoughitis25timessmaller

thantheMilkyWayGalaxyandhasjustonepercentofitsmass.^^

Already,withthatonegalaxy,we'vestartedtoquestionsomeofourassumptionsabouthowgalaxiesgrow.The

powerful,$10billionJamesWebbSpaceTelescopehastechnologythatshouldletitseebackto0.1?0.2billionyears

aftertheBigBang,theperiodwhentheveryfirstgalaxiespossiblyformed.

“Ifallgowell,theJamesWebbSpaceTelescopewillhelpustobuildupthestoryofhowthefirstgalaxiesever

formedandhowtheygrewintogalaxiesweseetodayandweliveintoday,"saysBradac."Butthechancesofseeing

thosefirstbomstarswiththenewtelescopearesmall.There'smaybeevenmoreofachancethatwemightseesomeof

thosestarsexplode.Suchinformationcanhelpusunderstandhowgalaxiesformedandchangedintothefamiliarshapes

andstructuresseentoday.That'swhafsamazingaboutthenewtelescope.

9.WhendidtheBigBangtakeplace?

A.Around13.0billionyearsago.

B.Around13.4billionyearsago.

C.Around13.6billionyearsago.

D.Around13.8billionyearsago.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“thisone“inparagraph3referto?

A.TheMilkyWayGalaxy.B.TheGN-zllGalaxy.

C.TheAndromedaGalaxy.D.TheNGC3227Galaxy.

11.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Thegreatpotentialofthenewtelescope.

B.Theneedfornewscientificbreakthroughs.

C.ThecostoftheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope.

D.TheimportanceoftheHubbleSpaceTelescope.

12.WhatcanthenewtelescopemostlikelyhelpscientistsdoaccordingtoBradac?

A.Findthefirstbomstarintheuniverse.

B.WitnesstheoccurringoftheBigBang.

C.Seetheexplosionofsomeofthefirstbomstars.

D.Getacompleteunderstandingoftheuniverse.

【答案】9.D10.B11.A12.C

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了NASA正準(zhǔn)備發(fā)射的韋伯天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡。

9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Totheuntrainedeye,itlookslikearedblob（小點(diǎn)點(diǎn)）,butifsbasicallylikelooking

backintimeabout13.4billionyearsago.Thafsjustabout0.4billionyearsaftertheBigBang.（對(duì)于未經(jīng)訓(xùn)練的

人來說，它看起來像一個(gè)紅色的斑點(diǎn)，但基本上就像是在134億年前的時(shí)光中回顧。那是在大爆炸后大約4億

年）”可知，大爆炸發(fā)生的時(shí)間距現(xiàn)在大約4+134=138億年，即大爆炸大約發(fā)生在138億年前。故選D項(xiàng)。

10.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段“Sofar,themostdistantgalaxyeverdiscovered,GN-zll,wasspottedbytheHubble

SpaceTelescope.（迄今為止，哈勃太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡發(fā)現(xiàn)了有史以來最遙遠(yuǎn)的星系GN-zll）”以及第三段“Hubbleis

limitedinhowfarbackintimeitcanlook,sofindingthisonewasjustaluckybreak,（哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡的時(shí)間跨度有限,

所以找到thisone只是一次