介詞的用法(初中)

一.時(shí)間介詞I的用法辨析

1.時(shí)間介詞in、on、at、by的用法辨析

?同］介詞in用來(lái)表示一天中某段時(shí)間，指天、年、月、季節(jié)、周次等。如：

Inthemorning/afternoon/evening,inMay/October,in1992,

inSpring/Summer/Autumn/Winter在春天/夏天/秋天/冬天，

1()thedaytimethestreetsarecrowded擁擠的butnighttheyarequiet.

A.At,inB.For,byC.By,forD.In,at

2()Springthetreesturngreenandtheflowersstarttocomeout.

A.InB.OnC.AtD.From

?同介詞on用來(lái)表示具體某一天，星期幾，節(jié)日；或者指明具體某一天的上午，

下午，晚上。如：

OnDecember1st;onMondaymorning;onthenightofOctober22nd;

onarainy/fineday,onacoldmorning,onTeachersDy;0nChristmas

Day.

1()Atsunami海嘯happenedinsomesoughernAsiancountries

December,2OO4.A.atB.onC.inD.by

2()1wasbornJuly2,andmygirthdayiscomingsoon.

A.fbrB.atC.inD.on

3()-WhendidyoucomebackfromBeijing?

-______themorningofApril18th.A.AtB.WithinC.OnD.In

?同介詞at用來(lái)表示時(shí)間點(diǎn),特定的時(shí)間、節(jié)日、年齡等。

atnoon,atnight,atmidnight在午夜，atsixo9clock,athalfpastfive,atthe

bgginningof一開始，attheendof結(jié)束時(shí)，attheageof在…歲數(shù)時(shí)，atlast

最終

1()1thedaytimethestreetsarecrowded擁擠butnighttheyarequiet.

A.At,inB.For,byC.By,forD.In,at

2填詞：Tonyusuallygetsupatseveno9clockonweekends.

3.Attheageoffive,helivedwithhisgrandparentsinavillage.

?無(wú)I介詞by不遲于,到一時(shí)為止；如：

by2o'clock,bynow至1J現(xiàn)在(為止),bythen到那時(shí)(以來(lái))

l.Bytheendoflastmonth到上個(gè)月末為止,Wehadlearnedmorethan不止

300Englishsongs.

2.Byhegotoutside到他來(lái)到外面為止，thebushadalready已經(jīng)left離開.

3.TheworkmustbefinishedbyFridayo工作必須在星期五之前完成

?|in與after|時(shí)間介詞in與after的用法

*介詞in+一段時(shí)間用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)。如：

l?We'11gotoschoolintwoweeks.兩周后

2()Mymotheriscomingbackthreedays我媽三天后要回來(lái)

A.afterB.inC.atD.until

3.Therewillbemorerobot機(jī)器人athomeinfiftyyears.五十年后

*介詞after+一段時(shí)間用于一般過去時(shí)。如：

1()Mymothercamehomehalfanhour.半小時(shí)后

A.inB.afterC.behindD.with

2()Theheadmaster校長(zhǎng)willcometoourclasstwoo'clock.

A.inB.ofC.forD.on

3()1'11callyou4o'clock.A.inB.onC.ofD.after

4.We'11gooutforawalkaftersupper.晚飯后

5()Thetrainisstartingfiveminutes.A.inB.atC.after

?1Since與for時(shí)間介詞for與since的用法辨析

*介詞for表示一段時(shí)間，fortwomonths有兩個(gè)月，forthreedays有兩天,

forafewhour有好幾個(gè)小時(shí)，foralongtime有一段時(shí)間，

1.Ihavebeenlivingherefor10years.有十年

2()-Howlonghaveyoubeeninthiscity?/-twentyyears.

A.BeforeB.AfterC.ForD.Since

3()Thedoctorworkedfivehoursarest.

A.for,withB.on,withoutC.about,havingD.for,without

*介詞since表示從過去某一時(shí)間以來(lái)，如：

1()Ihavebeenlivinghere2000.

A.forB.befroeC.sinceD.in

2()Whatbadweatherwehave!Ithasrainedthedaybeforeyesterday.

A.onB.inC.sinceD.at

3.Thefactoryhasbeentheresince1989.

4.HehaslearningEnglishsincehewas8.他自從八歲時(shí)就開始學(xué)英語(yǔ)

5.Ihaventseenherforyears.我有好幾年沒見到他了

?during時(shí)間介詞during(在…期間)

1.Heswimseverydayduringthesummer.在夏天期間

2()Theyoungmanhadworkedinthesmallvillagetheyearof1972.

A.duringB.onC.forD.by

?until/till直到…為止；not…until…直到…才…，不到…不…,

*till/until前謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；

*not-until-,(until)前謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為短暫性動(dòng)詞，

1.Iwillwaittill(until)seveno,clock.

2.You'dbetterstayinbedtilltomorrow.你最好在床上一^直呆到明天

3()Tomdidn，tcomebackmidnight.

A.beforeB.untilC.afterD.when

4.Ididn'tgotobedmymothercameback.

A.beforeB.untilC.afterD.since

?不用介詞表達(dá)時(shí)間的幾種情況

1.當(dāng)表示時(shí)間的詞前有this,that時(shí)，其前面不用介詞，如：thismorning

2.當(dāng)表示時(shí)間的詞前有next時(shí)，其前面不用介詞，如：nextSunday

3.當(dāng)表示時(shí)間的詞前有l(wèi)ast時(shí)，其前面不用介詞，如：lastSunday

4.當(dāng)表示時(shí)間的詞前有one,any,each,every,some或all時(shí)，其前面不用

介詞

1.Youcancomeanyday任彳可~~,天.

2.Couldyoucometomyhouseevening?

A.atB.lastC.atthisD.at

二.方位介詞與地點(diǎn)介詞的用法辨析

?方位介詞on,over,above的用法辨析

*介詞on表示一物放在另一物上面，兩者緊貼在一起，如：

1.Thebookisonthetable.

2.Therewasacarpet地毯onthefloor在地板上.

*介詞over表示一種垂直懸空的上下關(guān)系，即“在…上方”，如：

1.Isthereanybridgeovertheriver?橋在河流之上嗎？

*介詞above表示一般的"高于…”，“在…之上”，如：

1.Therewasanelectricclock電子鐘abovehisbed.

2.Thereisalight燈hishead.A.overB.aboveC.on

?方位介詞under與below的用法辨析

*介詞under是over的反義詞即“在…下方”，如：

1.Theywereseenunderthetree.

*介詞below是above的反義詞即“低于…”，“在…之下”，如：

1.Theylivebelowus.他們住在我們下面(樓下)

?方位介詞across,、through>over,用法辨析

*介詞across著重于“從一頭或一邊到另一頭或另一邊”，強(qiáng)調(diào)從表面穿過。

1.Shewentacrossthestreet穿越彳射道todosomeshoppng.

2.MrWangplannedtoswimtheChangJiangRivernextmonth.

A.throughB.acrossC.pastD.over

4.Thewentthedesert沙漠lastyear.

A.throughB.acrossC.overD.past

*介詞through著重于“穿越”，強(qiáng)調(diào)從一定的空間內(nèi)部穿過。

1.Thesunlightwascominginthroughthewindow.

2.Theywenttheforest森林tofindthewaytothePalace.

A.acrossB.throughC.overD.past

*介詞over多表示從“上方越過”，如：

1.Hefailedtogooverthemountain穿越大山;hehadtogoroundit.

?方位介詞in、on、at的用法辨析

*介詞in表示“在一-內(nèi)”，“排、行、組”，如：

1.WeareinTeamOne.

2.Heputshishandsinhispockets口袋

*介詞on表不“在左、右”，在上面，如：

1.LiPingisonmyleft/right在右邊，在左邊.

*at“在旁邊”

1.Theywereeatingatthetablenow在飯桌旁吃飯

后接小地方，in后接大地方

詞匯：athome在家，atthebusstation在車站，atscholl,atwork在上班，

attheendof在盡頭，atthebeginningof-1開始；inChina,inBeijing,

intheworld在這個(gè)世界，intheopenair在戶外，intheend最終,

stayinbed臥床睡覺，

1()Whendidyouarrivethetrainstation?

A.inB.atC.onD.infront

2()HewasbornWuhan.A.atB.inC.onD.of

3填詞：MaryisflyingtoFrancesoon,shewillarriveParisthemorning

ofJuly9.

4()Wewaitedagesforataxi,Wegaveup放棄andwalkedhome.

A.atthebeginningB.intheendC.atfirstC.atleast

5.Helivesasmallvillage.A.inB.onC.forD.in

*in表示在某地范圍之內(nèi)；to表示在某地范圍之外；

on表示與某地相鄰或接壤。如：

1.Shanghaiis/liesin位于theeastofChina.上海在中國(guó)的東部。

BeijingisinthenorthofChina.

2.Japanis/liestotheeastofChina.日本位于中國(guó)的東面。

FranceliestothesouthofEngland.

3.Mongoliais/liesonthenorthofChina.蒙古國(guó)位于中國(guó)北邊。

CanadaliesonthenorthoftheU.S.

?方位介詞to、for的用法辨析

*介詞to表示目的地或去的目的，from--to---”從---到---，如：

1.willyoutakeatraintoTianjian?

2.填詞：-Howfarisityourhometoschool、

-It'sabouthalfanhour'sbusride.

3.填詞:MyfatherworksinafactoryMondaySaturday.

*介詞for表示目的，動(dòng)身去某地等，如：

1.HegotonatrainforShanghai.

2.ThetrainisleavingTianjingat6pm.A.toB.forC.at

3.填詞：Hereisaletteryouo這是給你的信件

Iboughtsomeflowersas作為apresent禮物^Teachers'Day.

三.其他易混介詞|的用法辨析

?原因介詞because、as、for的用法辨析

*介詞because表示“因?yàn)椋挥捎凇敝钢苯拥?，用?lái)回答why的問句，語(yǔ)氣

最強(qiáng)。

1.Theboydidn'tgotoschoolyesterdaybecausehewasill.

*介詞as表示“由于”指一種顯而易見、談話雙方已知的理由。

1.Shestayedathomeasshehadnocar.

*介詞for表示“因?yàn)椋捎凇爸敢环N間接原因，

1.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,fortheroadiswet路面濕滑.

?材料介詞of和from的用法

*bemadeof“由--制成”，用于成品與材料的性質(zhì)不變時(shí)，

1.Thedeskismadeofwood.課桌由木頭制成。

2.Thesocksaremadeofsilk.襪子有絲綢制成。

*bemadefrom”由--制成"，用于成品與材料的性質(zhì)已變時(shí)，

1.Wineismadefromgrapes.酒由葡萄制成。

2.Paperismadefromwood,紙由木頭制成。

?表示“用”的介詞in、with,by的用法辨析

*介詞in表示“用材料、聲音，語(yǔ)言”

介詞with表示“用工具、某物”

介詞by表示“用、以、靠、通過…方法”

1.CanyousayitinEnglish?用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)

2.Idrawapicturewithacolorpen.用彩色筆寫字

3.Thegirlmademoneybysellingflowers.女孩通過賣花來(lái)賺錢

?介詞between與among的用法辨析

*介詞between表示“在兩者之間”

介詞among表示“在…當(dāng)中（三者或以上）之間

1?Don'tsitbetweenthetwogirls.

2.Thereisahotelbetweenthebankandthepayphone.

3.Theylivedamongthemountains群山之間inthepast.

4.Thebadnewsspread傳播amongthestudents在學(xué)生間quickly.

?介詞besides與except的用法辨析

*介詞besides表示“除…之外（全部包括在內(nèi)）“

介詞except表示“除…之外（不計(jì)算在內(nèi)）

1.WehaveseenthecrocodilebesidesLiFang.

2.WeareallChineseexceptTominourclass.

3.Thirtystudentswenttothecinemabesideshim.

除他以外，還有30個(gè)學(xué)生去看了電影。（他和另外30人都去了）

4.Heisinterestedintennisbesides（=aswellas）football.

除了足球，他還對(duì)網(wǎng)球感興趣。

5.Everyoneisexcitedexceptme.

除我以外的每個(gè)人都很激動(dòng)。（他們激動(dòng)，而我卻不激動(dòng)）

6.AllthevisitorsareJapaneseexcepthim.

除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。（其他人是日本人，可他不是）

?表示計(jì)量的介詞：at,for,by

*at表示“以……速度"”以……價(jià)格”

For表示具體價(jià)格，

by表示“以……計(jì)”，后跟度量單位。

l.Itflies飛atabout900kilometersahour.它以每小時(shí)900公里的速度飛行。

2.1soldmycaratahighprice.我以高價(jià)出售了我的汽車。

3.Wehavesweatersatagoodprice.以優(yōu)惠價(jià)

4.Hesoldhiscarfor500dollars.他以五百元把車賣了。

5.Theypaidhimbymonth.他們按月給他計(jì)酬。

6.Hereeggsaresold被賣byweight.在這里雞蛋是按重量賣的。

?表示工具或手段的介詞：by,with,on

*by用某種方式，多用于交通。如bybus乘公共汽車，bye-mail.通過電子郵件。

（注：表示搭乘交通工具時(shí)，用by時(shí)不用冠詞，用in時(shí)要用冠詞）

1.1wentthere（bybus/inabus）.我是坐公共汽車去的那兒。

*with表示“用某種工具”。

l.Hebrokethewindowwithastone.他用石頭把玻璃砸壞了。

*on表示“以...方式”，多用于固定詞組。

1.Theytalkedonthetelephone.他們通過電話進(jìn)行交談。

2.ShelearnsEnglishontheradio/onTV.她通過收音機(jī)/電視學(xué)英語(yǔ)。

3.HeenjoyswatchingsoccergameonTv.

?表示“關(guān)于的介詞”：of^about,on

*thinkof/about認(rèn)為，覺得

1.Whatdoyouthinkof/about認(rèn)為,覺得Chinesefbod./-Ithinkit'sgreat.

2.Hethoughtabout考慮thismatteryesterday.他昨天考慮了這件事。

*abou儼關(guān)于"某人某事的情況和內(nèi)容

l.Canyoutellmesomethingaboutyourself?

你能告訴我一些關(guān)于你自己的事情嗎？

2.Theyaretalkingabout談?wù)撽P(guān)于(animals/Chinesemovies)

*on指“關(guān)于”學(xué)術(shù)性的或嚴(yán)肅的事。

l.Ifsatextbookonthehistoryofchina.它是一本有關(guān)中國(guó)歷史的教科書。

?表示原因：

*becauseof“由于"，表示引起結(jié)果的直接原因。

*Thankst。表示引起某種幸運(yùn)結(jié)果的原因，常譯為“幸虧……,多虧……”

l.Heretired退休lastmonth(becauseofillness疾病/becausehewasill).

2.ThankstoJohn,wewonthegame.多虧約翰，我們才贏了這場(chǎng)比賽。

3.Thankstothedoctor,mysisterwastakengoodcareo￡

多虧了醫(yī)生，我妹妹得到了很好的照顧。

4.Tomstayedinbed臥病在床(becauseofhisheadache/becausehehada

headache.)■表示好像或當(dāng)作的介詞：like,as

**like表示“像……一樣'

*as表示“作為，以……身份而工作”

1.1wanttobuyasweaterlike像this我想要買一件像這樣的毛衣。

2.Couldyoudoitlikethis?你可以像這樣做這件事嗎？

3.Hetalkedtomeasafkther.他以父親的身份跟我談話。

4.Shewantstofindajobasateacher/driver.

5.Thewomanworksasadoctorinahospital.

?表示支持或反對(duì)的介詞

*against反對(duì)；for支持

1.Areyouformyideaoragainstit?你贊同還是反對(duì)我的想法？

中考旗專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練：

l.Tomwasgoodplayingtheguitar,butnowheplaystheviolinwell.

2.Jennyisbetterdrawingthansinging.

3.pleasedon'tlaughher.sheonlymadeasmallmistake.

4.LastSunday,hestayedhomeandwatchedTVallday.

5.myfatherisworknow.

6.rmpoor薄弱myEnglish.

7.theway,couldyoutellmethetoHongxingHotel?

8.-Areyouinterestedreadingnovels?

-Yes,becauseinterestisthebestteacher.

9.Tonywasveryinmath,sohismathwasveryimpressedE|1象彳艮深.

10.ShestudiesEnglishwell,sheusuallywritesdiaries寫日記English.

11.Whenyouaretrouble,youcouldaskpoliceforhelp.

12.You'renotallowedtoshoutothers另！J人public.

13.TheyarrivedBeijingyesterdayafternoon.

14.Godownthestreet沿著這條街道走，turnrightatthethirdcrossing.在第三

拐角處向右拐，then然后gostraight照直走untilyouarrivea

bridge,youwillseeabanknextalibrary.

15.Keepingtime守時(shí)isveryimportantforeverybodyinSwitzerland瑞士

16.-Howdoyougettowork?

-Igettoworkfoot.

17.0nhiswayschooljackmetanoldfriendofhisfatehrs?

18.-MayItrythegreycoat?

-Sure,hereisthefittingroom-----oh,itlooksniceyou.

19.TonyistalkingthephonewithhisfriendJenny.

2O.Theprice價(jià)格oftheapplesdepend取決于howmanykilosyouwantto

buy.

21.-WheredoyouwanttohaveatripthisNationalDay?

-MyfamilydecidedCanadaatlast.

22.Youshoulddrive_therightinChina,butinEnglandyouaresupposedto

drivetheleft.

23.It'stoocoldoutside,pleaseputyousweater.

It'stoohotoutside,pleasetakeyourcoat.

24.Thestudentsarelisteningtheteachercarefullynow.

25.1missyouverymuch,pleasewritemesoon.

26.Beforegoingbed,Tomusuallyspendsabout15miutesnewspaeres.

27.-Whosedictionaryisthis?

-ItmustbelongJim,thereishisnameonit.

28.TheteacherwasveryangryJenny,becauseshewaslateforclassagain.

29.Atthispoint在這一點(diǎn)上，hedoesn'tagreehisfather.

30.Nowdaysmanyteenagers青少年disagreetheirparents.

31.-Excuseme,CouldyouhelpmemyEnglishstudy?

-Sure」'dloveto.

32.Jacksonalwayshelpshismotherhouseworkathome.

33.Couldyouhelpmeswimming/sports?

34.Howdoyougetonyourfamily?

-Igetonwellwithmyfamily.

35-Jennygetsonwellhisclassmates.相處融洽

36.-What?sthematterwithyou?你怎么了？

-Iarguedmyparents,whatshouldIdo?

37.Myfatherisbusyhisworkallday.

38.Couldyoutellmehowtodealthisproblem?如何處理問題

39.ThemanwhoistalkingmyfatherismyPhysicsteacher.

4O.Hecamewithagoodidea/planfinally最終，他想出一個(gè)好主意/計(jì)劃

41.TheweatherinAustraliaisverydifferentthatinChina.

42.Myhaircut發(fā)型isdifferentyours.

42.1havethesamehaircutXiaoMingdoes.

43.TonyisthesameageTom.

44.Heisnotastallhisdeskmates.

45.1comeJapan,!canspeakJapanese,!liveXiamennow.

46.Thepostofficeisacrossthesupermarket.

47.Thepayphoneislibraryandthehotel.

48.Theboysittingnextmeismyyoungerbrother.

49.-WhatdoyouthinkChinesefood?

-Ithinkit?sgreat.

50.CouldyougototheairporttomeetmyfriendLaowanginsteadme?

51.HecanspeakChineseofEnglish.

52.Helikesplayingbaseballofbasketball.

53.Pleasedon'tworryyourmother,sheisOknow.

54.1wasworriedmypetcat,becauseit'snotwell.

55.Theyaretalkinganimals.

56.Couldyoutellmesomethingyourfamily?

57.Jennypaidlotsofmoneyhernewcomputer.

58.ThetrainisleavingShanghaiat6pm.

59.Pleasedon'tbelateclass,it'snotgoodforyourstudy.

60.Tonywasalwayslateschoolbefore,butnowheisnevrlate.

61.Takingawalkafterdinner飯后散步isgoodforyourhealth.

62.Themanmaybelatework,hewalksoquickly.

63.-Whatareyoulooking?

-I'mlookingmylostpen,butIcan'tfindit.

64.Themotherlookedhissoneverywhere至U處，shelookedworried.

65.Heprefers他更喜歡牛奶而不是茶。

66.Heprefersstayingathomewatchingmovieswithfriendsonweekends.

67.Pleasedon'tuseyourmobilephoneinclass,ortheteacherwilltakeit.

MyteachertookmymobilephonewhenIuseditinclass.

68.Whenyouleavehome,pleasedon'tforgettoturnthelight.

69.Pleasedon'tgivehopewhenyoumeettrouble遇上困境。

7O.Pleasehelpmeputthepictureonthewall.

71.Mylittlesisterissleeping,pleaseturnthemusic.

72.1wanttohearthemusictogetherwithyou,couldyouturnitalittle?

73.Heisakindandgenerousman,hegiveslotsofmoney___tothehopeproject

捐錢給希望工程?！?/p>

74.Hefixed修理thebikesandgavethemtothekids.

75.MyEnglishteacherisveykind,sheregardsusstudentshiskids.

76.1usedtobeafraidthebigdog,butnowI'mnotafraidatall.

77.Thefarmers農(nóng)民aregettingreadythenextyear.

78.-Howfarisityourhometoschool?

-It'salittlefarhere.離這兒有點(diǎn)遠(yuǎn)。

-It'squitefarhere,離這兒相當(dāng)遠(yuǎn)。

79.Theyarewaitingabusatthebusstation.

Heiswaitingyouatthegate在門邊now.

8O.Heiscomingbackthreehours.三小時(shí)后他要回來(lái)。

81.1havebeenherealongtime.

82.LaoWanghasbeenlivinginXiamen(twoyears/twoyearsago).

83.Lastnighthedidn?tgotobed12o'clock.

84.1studyEnglishmakingflashingandwatchingEnglishmovies.

85.Tomisthetallest最高_(dá)__thefour.

86.It'sveryimportantmetoeatmorefruits.

87.Heworkedadoctorinahospital.

88.1boughtsomeflowersapresent作為禮物Teachers，Day.

89.Englishisspoken被說(shuō)asecondlanguage作為第二門外語(yǔ)inmany

countries在許多國(guó)家

9O.-CanIhelpyou,please?

-I'dliketobuyasweaterthis.

91.Tim'smumisworriedherson'seyesight視力as由于heplaysonline

gamestoomuch.

92.HelikeswatchingsoccerTV

93.Theboyislookinghiswallet錢包everywhere至1j處。

94.Man人類willnotlive生存sunshine陽(yáng)關(guān)andwater.

95.yourhelp.Icouldn'tdoitbetter.

thehelpofhim在他的幫助下.Ifinishedthejobtime.

中考常用I介詞詞組I:

||.atfirst首先；atthebeginningof——開始；

begoodat擅長(zhǎng)；not—atall一一點(diǎn)也不；

atwork在上班；atdinner在吃飯；

atthesametime在同時(shí);Sitatthetable在飯桌旁（吃飯）；

stayathome呆在家；atthebackof在…后面；Laughatsb取笑某人

atleast至少；shoutatsb對(duì)著一大叫；

knockatthedoor敲門；lookat瞧，看一看…

目?bytheway順便說(shuō)（問）一下;bybike騎自行車；

bycar/taxi坐車Byhand用手;bytheendof到…結(jié)束時(shí)；

bythetime到…時(shí)候;Daybyday一天又一天；

§.inaword總而言之；inEnglish用英語(yǔ)；

stayinbed臥病在床；Beillinhospital生病住院;

inpublic在公共場(chǎng)合；beintrouble處于困境

Infact事實(shí)上；inahurry匆忙地

inthestreet在街道上；

inspace在太空；inthisway用這種方法;

intheday在白天；intheend最終；

beinterestedin對(duì)…感興趣;arrivein/at到達(dá)

dowellin做得好;bebornin出生于;

takepartin參力口；handin上交；

@.ontime準(zhǔn)時(shí)；onfoot步行；

ontheleft在左邊；Ontheright在右邊

onone'swayto在一路上;onduty在值日；

Outofwork失業(yè)；decideon決定；

tryon試穿；Passonmessage傳遞口信；

dependon依