專題12 特殊句式（知識(shí)梳理+考點(diǎn)精講精練+實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練）-【學(xué)考復(fù)習(xí)】2024年高中英語(yǔ)學(xué)業(yè)水平考試考點(diǎn)歸納與測(cè)試（新教材專用）

專題12特殊句式掌握倒裝句的構(gòu)成和用法掌握強(qiáng)調(diào)句的構(gòu)成和考點(diǎn)掌握省略句的常考點(diǎn)掌握感嘆句掌握therebe句型一．倒裝句的考查要點(diǎn)1.全部倒裝(1)在Therebe/seem/appear/live/stand/lie/fly/exist/remain等存在句中。Look，there’sthatbookshopIwastellingyouabout.(2)表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和動(dòng)作轉(zhuǎn)移的副詞如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，out等置于句首，主語(yǔ)是名詞而不是代詞時(shí)，用完全倒裝。此時(shí)，句子多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)。Theregoesthephone.I’llanswerit.(3)such作表語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)。SuchwasAlbertEinstein，asimplemanbutthe20thcentury’sgreatestscientist.(4)直接引語(yǔ)的全部或部分位于句首時(shí)。“Ifyoudie，whowillgetyourmoney？”askedHolmes.(5)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)。Inthecenterofthesquarestandsamonument.(6)為平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，或使上下文銜接緊密，而將作表語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)、形容詞、副詞或分詞提到句首，引起倒裝。GoneforeverarethedayswhentheChinesepeoplehadtouseforeignoil.2.部分倒裝在下列幾種情況下，只把助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前，構(gòu)成部分倒裝。(1)little，never，not，seldom，neither，nor，hardly，rarely，bynomeans，atnotime，undernocircumstances，innocase等表示否定意義的單詞或短語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)。Littledoeshecareaboutwhatothersthink.(2)在not...until...，nosooner...than...，scarcely/hardly...when...，notonly...butalso...，neither...nor...等句式中。Neitherdoeshedrinknorsmoke.(3)當(dāng)only修飾副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí)。OnlythendidIfindIhadmadeamistake.(4)在so/such...that...從句中，當(dāng)so＋形容詞/副詞或such＋名詞位于句首時(shí)。Soexhaustedwasshethatshewantedtohavearest.(5)當(dāng)表示前面所說的情況也適用于另一個(gè)人或事物時(shí)，常用“so/as＋be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)”，表示“……也是……”。TimeshavechangedandsohaveI.(6)當(dāng)neither，nor位于句首，表示前面否定的內(nèi)容也適用于另一個(gè)人或事物時(shí)，常用“neither/nor＋be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)”，表示“……也不……”。Theycouldn’tunderstanditatthattime，andnorcouldwe.(7)省略if的虛擬條件句，把助動(dòng)詞were，had，should提到主語(yǔ)前面。Haditnotbeenforyourhelp，weshouldn’thaveachievedsomuch.(8)as和though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Tryasshemight，Suecouldn’tgetthedooropen.(9)“may＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示祝愿，通常把may置于句首，構(gòu)成倒裝語(yǔ)序。Mayyousucceed！二．強(qiáng)調(diào)句的考查要點(diǎn)1.使用助動(dòng)詞do，does和did對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。Firstimpressionsreallydocount.2.運(yùn)用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型來強(qiáng)調(diào)除謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以外的其他句子成分。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：Itis/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他成分?？捎脕韽?qiáng)調(diào)句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等成分。在復(fù)習(xí)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時(shí)，要注意以下幾個(gè)方面：(1)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的主謂一致在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，當(dāng)對(duì)陳述句中的主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，無論被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都要用單數(shù)形式Itis/was...，同時(shí)，that從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)方面保持一致。Itismyparentsthat/whooftenhelpmegetoutoftrouble.(2)當(dāng)對(duì)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或其他狀語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，只能用連接詞that，而不能用where，when，why或how等。ItwasonAugust8,2008thatthe29thSummerOlympicGameswereopenedinBeijing.(3)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的疑問句在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，無論被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是什么句子成分，變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧鋾r(shí)，都須將主句改為疑問語(yǔ)序，即將“Itis/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that＋其他成分”改為“Is/Wasit＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that＋其他成分？”或“疑問詞＋is/wasitthat＋其他成分？”結(jié)構(gòu)。Wasitherfailingherexamthatmadeherparentsunhappy？Whenwasitthatshechangedhermind？(4)在對(duì)not...until...結(jié)構(gòu)中的until時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，要將句中的not移至until之前，構(gòu)成：Itis/wasnotuntil...that...。注意that從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要變成肯定形式，而且不再采用倒裝語(yǔ)序。Ididn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.＝ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.三．省略句的考查要點(diǎn)1.狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略由when，while，if，asif，although/though，as，until，once，whether，unless，where等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be，而主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，則從句的主語(yǔ)和be可省略；或從句的主語(yǔ)為it，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be時(shí)，也可省略從句中的it和be。When(Iam)introuble，Ialwaysturntomyclassmatesforhelp.If(itis)possible，thismachinecanbefixedatonce.2.不定式的省略單獨(dú)使用不定式符號(hào)to代替不定式后被省略的動(dòng)詞，常用在beafraid，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，try，want，wish等詞后；或放在表情緒的詞后，代替被省略的動(dòng)詞，常見詞有：glad，happy，pleased等；但是，如果不定式中含有be，have，havebeen，則要保留be，have，havebeen。—WillyoupleaselookaftermyhousewhenI’maway？—I’mgladto.—Areyouasailor？—No.ButIusedtobe.Yourworkhasn’tbeenhandedin，butitoughttohavebeen.3.?？嫉膸讉€(gè)省略形式ifever，ifany，ifnotbetter/worse/taller...than等。4.并列句中的省略并列句中的兩個(gè)對(duì)等句里的動(dòng)詞相同時(shí)，后者的動(dòng)詞可以省略。HeisgoingtoHongKong，buthisbrother(isgoing)toAmerica.Myroomisonthethirdfloorandhis，onthefifth.◆注意事項(xiàng)1.如果由特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句必須使用陳述語(yǔ)序，不可用疑問語(yǔ)序。Heaskedmewhoitwasthattookhisumbrellabymistake.2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)中的反意疑問句式。在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，其反意疑問句的主語(yǔ)及助動(dòng)詞必須與主句Itis/was...保持一致。ItisMarynotyouwhowantstoaskmeaboutthatmatter，isn’tit？3.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)與定語(yǔ)從句的混合使用。在高考試題中，為了增加試題的難度，命題人常將強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與定語(yǔ)從句混合起來，使句子結(jié)構(gòu)更加復(fù)雜。我們要注意從語(yǔ)法角度來分析句子，理清結(jié)構(gòu)“強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與定語(yǔ)從句”。ItwasonthefarmwhereweworkedthatIgottoknowher.4.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的辨析。當(dāng)用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，去掉“itis/was”和連詞“that”，原句仍然完整；而在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，若去掉“itis/was”和連詞“when/before”，原句不完整。Itwasat14∶28thattheterribleearthquakebrokeout.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)Itwas14∶28whentheterribleearthquakebrokeout.(狀語(yǔ)從句)四、祈使句的重要考點(diǎn)祈使句常常是表達(dá)說話人對(duì)對(duì)方的勸告、叮囑、請(qǐng)求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般沒有主語(yǔ)，但根據(jù)其句意，實(shí)際上是省略了主語(yǔ)you。祈使句句末用感嘆號(hào)或句號(hào)，朗讀時(shí)，常用降調(diào)。在表達(dá)請(qǐng)求或勸告時(shí)，在祈使句前或句末可加上please，以使句子的語(yǔ)氣更加緩和或客氣。祈使句一般沒有時(shí)態(tài)的變化，也不能與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。Keepoffthegrass!勿踩踏草地！Puttheboxesinthesmallroom.把那些盒子放到那個(gè)小房間里。㈠祈使句的否定句式祈使句的否定句式，通常情況下在句首加上Don’t或Never，一般分為以下四種類型：1.在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don’t，構(gòu)成＂Don’t+行為動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分＂。Don’tsaythatagain!別再那樣說了！2.在Be動(dòng)詞引起的肯定祈使句前加Don’t，構(gòu)成＂Don’tbe+其他成分(形容詞、名詞或介詞短語(yǔ)等)＂。Don’tbecareless.不要粗心。注意：在這種句型中be不能省略；否定副詞not不可置于be之后。3.Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有兩種：(1)Let開頭的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人稱名詞或代詞的賓格，可在Let前加Don’t，也可在Let后賓格的名詞或代詞后面加not。(2)如果以Let’s開頭的祈使句，必須在Let’s后加not。Don’tletmegowithhertomorrow.=Letmenotgowithhertomorrow.不要讓我明天跟她一起去。Let’snottellherthetruthwheneverwemeether.無論什么時(shí)候我們碰到她，都不要告訴她真相。4.在公共場(chǎng)合的提示語(yǔ)中，否定祈使句常用＂No+名詞/V-ing形式＂結(jié)構(gòu)，表示＂禁止做某事＂。NOPHOTOS!禁止拍照!㈡祈使句的反意問句祈使句的反意疑問句須按其句子結(jié)構(gòu)及講話人的語(yǔ)氣來決定其疑問部分。通常有以下三種形式：1.祈使句為肯定句式，其反意疑問句表示請(qǐng)求時(shí)，通常用willyou；表示邀請(qǐng)、勸說時(shí)，用won’tyou。Besuretowritetous,willyou?你一定要給我們寫信，好嗎？Cometohavedinnerwithusthisevening,won’tyou?今晚來和我們一起吃飯，好嗎？2.祈使句為否定句式，其反意疑問句通常只用willyou。Don’tsmokeinthemeetingroom,willyou?不要在會(huì)議室抽煙，好嗎？3.Let開頭的祈使句構(gòu)成反意疑問句時(shí)，除Let’s用shallwe外，其他均用willyou。Lettheboygofirst,willyou?讓個(gè)那男孩先走，好嗎？Let’stakeawalkaftersupper,shallwe?晚飯后我們?nèi)ド⒉?，好嗎？㈢、祈使句的回答祈使句的?dòng)作通常是表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以回答祈使句時(shí)，一般用will或won’t。在回答具有否定意—Don’tgoout,please.It’srainingheavilyoutside.請(qǐng)不要出去。外面雨下得很大?！猋es,Iwill.Ihavetomeetmybrotherattheairport.不行，我得去機(jī)場(chǎng)接我弟弟。㈣祈使句與陳述句的并列使用祈使句后接陳述句時(shí)，須用連接詞連接。如果祈使句與陳述句表示的是一種順承關(guān)系時(shí)，要用并列連詞and來連接；如果祈使句與陳述句存在一種否定條件關(guān)系時(shí)，要用并列連詞or來連接。LeaveitwithmeandIwillseewhatIcando.把它留給我吧，我想想有沒有辦法。Hurryup,orwe’llbelate.快點(diǎn)，否則我們要遲到了。㈤祈使句與條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連用祈使句與條件狀語(yǔ)從句連用時(shí)，條件狀語(yǔ)從句可置于祈使句前或后。Tellhimtomakeaphonecalltomeifhecomesheretomorrow.如果他明天來這兒的話，叫他給我來個(gè)電話。㈥祈使句的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式祈使句的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助動(dòng)詞Do(Do在句中無意義)。Doshutup!快住口?、胩厥庑问降钠硎咕湓谟⒄Z(yǔ)中，有些祈使句不是以動(dòng)詞原形來引起一個(gè)祈使句，而是以一個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)來充當(dāng)，且后接一個(gè)帶有并列連接詞的分句。實(shí)際上，這個(gè)充當(dāng)祈使句的名詞短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。Morewaterandtheyoungtreescouldn’thavedied.=Ifyouhadgiventhemmorewater,theyoungtreescouldn’thavedied.如果你給那些小樹多澆點(diǎn)水的話，它們就不會(huì)死了。一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古·高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）When______bythepolice,theyoungmanrefusedtosayanythingabouttheaccident.A．toquestion B．questioned C．questioning D．tobequestioned2．（2023·山西·高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Itwasthewayhesaiditratherthanwhatheactuallysaid______mademeangry.A．a(chǎn)s B．which C．what D．that3．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古·高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Out________,withastickinhishand.A．didthemanrush B．rushedtheman C．themanrushed D．themandidrush4．（2022秋·廣東清遠(yuǎn)·高一校聯(lián)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Wasitinthehouse__________youwerebornandbroughtup?A．where B．which C．when D．that5．（2022春·甘肅天水·高二天水市第一中學(xué)校考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Ihopetoseeyouattheofficetomorrow,butif________,doremembertoleavemeamessage.A．possible B．so C．not D．a(chǎn)ny6．（2022春·甘肅天水·高二天水市第一中學(xué)?？紝W(xué)業(yè)考試）Iyoucanfinishtheexamintwohours.A．doesbelieve B．dobelieve C．didbelieved D．dobelieved7．（2021秋·吉林·高二學(xué)業(yè)考試）Onlyafterhehadspokenouttheword________hehadmadeabigmistake.A．sherealized B．hadsherealizedC．shehadrealized D．didsherealize8．（2021秋·吉林·高二學(xué)業(yè)考試）If________promptlyandproperly,somecancersarehighlycurable.A．treated B．beingapproached C．a(chǎn)iding D．havingbeensolved9．（2021秋·吉林·高二學(xué)業(yè)考試）Itwasinthefactory_______hisfriendworked_________hepickedupalotofexperience.A．where;where B．that;where C．that;that D．where;that10．（2021秋·吉林·高二學(xué)業(yè)考試）Atthefootofthemountain________manylakes.Somearelargeenoughtoholdseveraltowns.A．lies B．lie C．lying D．lay11．（2020秋·河北·高三統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）While________dogs,peopleshouldnotletthemloose.Otherwise,theymaybedangeroustoothers.A．walking B．walked C．havingwalked D．towalk12．（2020·吉林·高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Itwasintheevening________thehurricanestruckthearea.A．while B．that C．a(chǎn)s D．until二、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子13．（2021秋·黑龍江哈爾濱·高二哈爾濱三中?？紝W(xué)業(yè)考試）Heisamanoffewwords,andseldomspeaksuntil(speak)to．14．（2021秋·黑龍江哈爾濱·高二哈爾濱三中?？紝W(xué)業(yè)考試）Ienjoyedthefilmwesawlastnight.Itwasfarmoreinterestingthan(expect).三、單句改錯(cuò)（2020·吉林·高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）下列各句均有一處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)指出并改正。15．Onsuchacoldday,peopleprefertostayathomeratherthantogoout.16．Ineverheardfromhimeversinceheleft.17．Theyoungmaninsistedbeingsenttothefront,whichmovedallthepeoplepresent.18．Onhearingthenews,Maryburstintoalaughter.19．Thesoldiersweresenttotheearthquake-hitareaimmediatelytosavethepeopletrappingintheruins.20．Thegreatnumberofchildrenwhoseparentshaddiedintheearthquakeweresenttoothercities.21．Idevotepartofmysparetimetoplaytheviolineveryday.22．Onlywhenthewarwasovertheyoungsoldierreturntohishometown.23．It’ssuchalovelycupthatbothmysisterandIlikeditforthefirsttimewesawit.24．Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges,allofwhothoughthighlyofyourperformance.1．While(sleep),peopleareinparticulardangerofanemergentfire,andtheremustbeadetectoroutsideeachsleepingarea.2．If(look)forsomethingfantastictowear,thenyouwillbesuretobeattractedbythishoodie(連帽衛(wèi)衣)whichcancoverallofyourfashionneeds.3．When(build)hisoriginalAppleprototype(原型)computer,Jobsencounteredashortageoffunds.4．Once(attach)totherail,thecarwillbecomeelectricallypoweredfromthesystem,andcontrolofthevehiclewillpasstoacentralcomputer.5．Inthemiddleofthesquare(stand)astonewithastatueofaheroontopofit.6．Ratherthan(cause)problems,heisgoingtohelpus.7．When(absorb)inhisworldofmusic,hefeltasifhecould“see”thebeautyoftheworldaroundhim.8．Besuretopayattentiontoprotectingtheenvironmentwhile(travel).9．While(wait)forthebus,Imetanoldfriend.10．When(ask)whyhecamehere,theboykeptsilent.11．Once(expose)tolight,thefilmwillbedamagedandgetuseless.12．JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMary(do)herhomework.13．Facebookisconsideringtomakeitswebsitepage(look)morebeautiful.14．Thebosshadherassistant(buy)somefoodforus.15．When(compare)differentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.16．Amongtheguests(be)thepersonyouarelookingfor.17．Weexpectthere(be)alotofdiscussionsabouttheproblem.18．Then(come)herturntorecitethetext,andshedidagoodjob.19．Although(face)withallkindsofdifficulties,heneverwantedtogiveup.20．Thoughstill(practice)today,theteaceremonymaynotbeaspopularasitusedtobe.21．Don’tentertheofficeunless(tell)to.22．Anyone,once(test)positiveforEbola,thedeadlydisease,willreceivefreemedicaltreatmentfromthegovernment.23．washerangerthatherfaceturnedred.24．Itwasnotuntildarkherealizeditwastoolatetoreturntothecamp.25．Southoftheriver(lie)asmallfactory.26．Theministerstressedthatundernocircumstances(be)thedisabledtobelookeddownupon.27．When(sit)nexttomygrandparents,Ifeltveryeasy.28．Upintothebluesky(fly)thebirdwhenwepassedbyitsnest.29．Seniorthreestudentsshouldbepositiveandbravewhen(come)acrossanyproblem.30．While(speed)upworkontheproject,wemustpayattentiontoensuringitsquality.31．Notonce(do)hegiveupforlackofexperienceandconfidence.32．Theshowismoredisappointingthan(expect).33．When(compare)thefamousactors’incomewiththatofthoseoutstandingdoctorsandresearchers,manypeoplebelieveitisnotjustified.34．Lucy’sfather,lookingveryangry,stoppedcriticizingasif(expect)Lucytoapologizetohimforcheating.35．Youarelikelytoendinfailureif(turn)adeafeartotheteache